This document is a lecture on offshore construction from Adi Wirawan Husodo. It discusses the various stages of offshore oil and gas activities including exploration, development, production and transport. It also describes the common vessel types and offshore structures used at each stage, such as seismic survey vessels, drilling rigs, production platforms, FPSOs and shuttle tankers. Various offshore construction methods are also outlined for fixed platforms, tension leg platforms and floating production systems.

1. Course-4 Introduction to Marine Technology
Offshore Construction
Lecturer : Adi Wirawan Husodo, ST, MT
© Adi Wirawan Husodo
2014
Odd Semester 2014/2015
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2. References
• Chakrabarti, S., 2005, Handbook of Offshore Engineering, Vol.
1, Elsevier.
• Dokkum, K.V., 2003, Ship Knowledge: A Modern Encyclopedia,
Dokmar, Netherland.
© Adi Wirawan Husodo
2014
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3. Offshore?
• Offshore in the Oil and Gas Industry refers to:
industrial activities in open sea, starting from the
search of oil and gas (exploration) to production
(exploitation) and transporting them to shore
• Offshore is part of an industry that actually designs, builds
and operates the offshore structures to allow the execution of
offshore activities.
• Furthermore, the functions of offshore structure are:
• Exploratory drilling;
• Production;
• Storage; and
• Export (transport).
© Adi Wirawan Husodo
2014
Odd Semester 2014/2015
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4. Stages of Offshore Activities
Item Activity Vessel / unit in operation
Searching for oil Seismic surveying Seismic survey vessels
Finding it Exploration • Jack-up drilling rig
© Adi Wirawan Husodo
2014
• Drilling vessels
• Semi-submersible drilling
unit
Building the
production facilities
Construction and
installation of the
production
platform/unit
• Crane vessel
• Offshore barges
• Heavy lift carrier
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Search Oil and Gas Export or
transport

5. Item Activity Vessel / unit in
© Adi Wirawan Husodo
2014
operation
Developing the field Drilling and completing
the production wells and
interconnecting the
production facility
• Jack-up drilling rigs
• Semi-submersible
drilling unit
• Pipelaying barges or
pipelaying vessels
Getting the hydrocarbon
to the surface and
processing at the surface
• Production
• Depressurization and
separation in oil, gas
and water fractions
• Fixed platform (Jacket
platform)
• TLP (Tension Leg
Platform)
• FPSO, FSO
• Production Jack-up or
semi-subs
• Subsea installation,
etc
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6. Item Activity Vessel / unit in
© Adi Wirawan Husodo
2014
operation
Bringing “the product”
to shore
Transportation • Shuttle tankers
• Pipeline; laid at
seabed by pipelaying
vessels
Support • Supply and services
• Maintenance and
repair
• Watch keeping
• Suppliers, crewboats,
anchor handlers
• Diving and
multipurpose support
vessels
• Standby and chase
vessels
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7. Seismic Survey Vessels
• To produce detailed information for oil companies as a basis
for actual production drilling.
• Offshore seismic survey companies
• Fugro (Netherland), PGS Petroleum Geo-Services (Norway),
Schlumberger Oilfield Services (USA), Western Geco (UK), etc.
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2014
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http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/wp
-content/uploads/2012/01/PGS-Ramform-
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Angola.jpg
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8. Jack-up Drilling Rigs
• “Jack-up” or “Drilling rig”
• 10 meters to max. 150 meters
water depth
• Triangular or rectangular shape
barge
• 3 legs or 4 legs
• Using TUG or Heavy Lift
Transport Ship to transport Jack-up
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2014
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http://en.murmanshelf.ru/upload/iblock/eb2/eb2f31ef
e49de2342c68ef32637bc548.jpg
http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/wp-content/
uploads/2013/08/Aban-VII-Jack-
Up-Hired-for-Drilling-Offshore-Oman.jpg
http://www.akersolutions.com/Global/Media
/images/AkerSolutions_drilling_jack-up_
320.jpg
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9. Drilling Vessels
• A ship-shaped drilling unit;
• Used for drilling exploration
and production;
• Medium to deep water depth
(150 to 3000 meters depth);
• 14 knots average speeds;
• High storage capacity;
• Position maintaining: anchor
moored or rely on dynamic
positioning (DP); depending
on the water depth.
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2014
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http://maritime-connector.
com/ships_uploads/west_vela-
9609407-drill_ship-8-166068.jpg
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10. Semisubmersible
• It is used for drilling in 150 –
2500 m water depth;
• Anchored (max 1500 m) or DP
(Dynamic Positioning);
• Better motion behavior than
ship-shaped type
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2014
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m/trapletimages/6Nautilus-Dry-Tow.jpg
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posts/52/001454/w500_9.jpg
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owley_0197_sm/115931-1-eng-
US/CM_Solutions_2013JackStMalo_St
age2_Crowley_0197_sm_large.jpg
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11. Crane Vessels
• Vessel type or semisubmersible
barge type;
• Equipped with one or two heavy-duty
crane (could be 12,000
tonnes of fixed platform);
• Also used for removal of offshore
platform;
• Some of them have pipelaying
facilities.
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2014
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http://www.offshoreenergytoday.com/wp-content/
uploads/2014/02/KBR-to-Design-
Heeremas-Semisubmersible-Crane-Vessel.png
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01.jpg
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12. Offshore Barge Heavy Lift Carrier
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• Both support the building production facilities: construction and installation
of the production platform/unit;
http://www.scira.co.uk/NewsImages/13_05_11Su
bStation.jpg
http://www.rodmar.eu/images/im/bar
getransportation.jpg
http://gs-press.
com.au/images/news_art
icles/cache/McDermott_DB16_
derrick_barge-600x0.jpg
http://csschps.cssc.net.cn/cms_zchp_en2/upload_img/2011
0809155852CR-Uyj.JPG
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uploads/2012/04/Picture-17.png
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13. Fixed (Jacket) Platform
• Working platform for drilling
and production;
• Be transported with lying on
barge, the launched from the
barge into a vertical position
on sea bed, with the help of
offshore crane vessel;
• The module are afterward
lifted onto the platform and
interconnected;
• Most platform stand in 20
meters to 150 meters water
depth;
• The highest jacket built so far
was for a 412 meters water
depth.
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2014
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14. TLP (Tension Leg Platform)
• It used for drilling and
production purposes;
• The unit resembles a
semi-submersible drilling
unit and is attached to
the sea bed with
vertically tensioned steel
cables;
• Advantages:
• economical aspect in
comparison with the jacket
platform (deeper water);
• Can be moved to other
location.
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2014
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http://indomigas.files.wordpress.com/2008/11/tlp.jpg
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com/projects/glider/i
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15. FPSO/FSO
• Floating (Production) Storage and Offloading;
• Produce crude oil from fluids pumped up from the oil well;
• On vessel: fluids are processed to separate the crude oil from water and gas,
and the oil is temporarily stored on board until the oil is offloaded to a
shuttle tanker;
• FPSO is kept on position by DP. Conventionally using spread anchor mooring
system (no longer feasible);
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2014
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16. FPSO/FSO (cont)
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17. Shuttle Tanker
• A shuttle tanker can be used
to load the oil from FPSO/FSO
and transport this as cargo to
the shore terminal.
• Shuttle tanker comes in
position behind the stern of
FPSO and connects itself by a
hose;
• Dynamically positioned;
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2014
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18. Pipelaying Vessels/Barge
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19. Pipelaying Vessels/Barge (2)
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20. Offshore Constructions
• Fixed Types:
• Jacket platform, TLP, Jack-up , etc;
• Floating Types:
• Semi-submersible, drill ship, FSO/FPSO, offshore crane vessels,
ect
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2014
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21. © Adi Wirawan Husodo
2014
Thank You
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