This document provides an overview of offshore platforms used for oil and gas exploration and production. It discusses the different types of offshore platforms including jacketed platforms, jack-up platforms, drillships, wellhead platforms, and process platforms. Jacketed platforms are the most common type used in moderate water depths up to 350 meters. The document also describes the key components and processes involved in offshore platforms, such as sea water treatment, produced water conditioning, and drilling equipment.

1. Engineers India Limited
Offshore Equipment / Packages AUGUST 2013

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OFFSHORE PRODUCTION
Offshore 35 % of world production

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MARINE LIFE AND SEA BED EFFECTS

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What is an Offshore Platform
Offshore platforms are used for exploration of Oil and Gas
from under seabed and processing.

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OVERVIEW
Offshore platforms are used for
exploration of Oil and Gas from
under Seabed and processing.
The First Offshore platform was
installed in 1947 off the coast of
Louisiana in 6M depth of water.
Today there are over 7,000 Offshore
platforms around the world in water
depths up to 1,850M
 EIL has executed more than 210
offshore platforms

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OVERVIEW
Platform size depends on
facilities to be installed on
living quarters, power
generation unit, process
facilities, water injection
facilities, Helipad etc.
Classification of water depths:
 < 350 M- Shallow water
 < 1500 M - Deep water
 > 1500 M- Ultra deep water

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FLOW DIAGRAMFLOW DIAGRAM
22/11/2010

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TYPES OF OFFSHORE PALTFORM

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JACKETED PLATFORM
 Used for moderate water depths up
to 350 M.
 Jackets provides protective layer
around the pipes.
 Typical offshore structure will have
a deck structure containing Cellar
Deck, Main Deck, Top Deck and a
Helideck.
 Piles extend through the seabed into
the soil.
 Cathodic protection used to prevent
corrosion.

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JACKETED PLATFORM
 Jacket serves as a template for
the initial driving of the piles.
 Foundation piles are driven
through the inside of the legs
of the jacket structure
 95% of offshore platforms
around the world are Jacket
supported.
 More economical & easy to
expansion

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Transportation
Jacket Lifting /Launching
Jacket upending
Pile installation
Jacket Leveling
Conductor installation
Deck Installation
PLATFORM INSTALLATION

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JACKET LAUNCHING

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JACKET INSTALLATION

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FOUNDATION:
 Loads due to platform
weight and environment.
 Soil investigation
performed in-situ and Lab
test.
 Pile penetrations depends
on platform size and loads,
and soil characteristics, but
normally range from 30
meters to about 100 meters.
PLATFORM FOUNDATION

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BARGE CARRYING DECK

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DECK INSTALLATION

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OFFSHORE COMPLEX

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Jack-up rig
Jack-up Mobile Drilling are rigs that can be jacked up (rack and pinion
mechanism) above the sea using legs that can be lowered. These are typically
used in water depths up to 500-600 Feet.

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JACK-UP PLATFORM (DRILLING)

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DRILLSHIP

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DRILLSHIP
It is most often used for exploratory drilling of new oil or gas wells in
deep water. They can drill in water depths up to 12,000 ft (3,700 m).

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DRILL BITT

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DRILLING EQUIPMENT

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DRILLING PROCESS

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BOMBAY HIGH FIELD

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 Generally 4 legged Unmanned
Platform
 Designed to operate remotely
 Facilities available are
 Wells
 Production / Lift gas manifolds
 Well control panel, RTU etc.
 Process facilities
 Helideck, emergency shelter
 Solar power / Battery Pack
 Material handling facilities
 Subsea lines to Process platform
 Safety equipments
WELL HEAD PLATFORM

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GAS LIFT WELL (ARTIFICIAL LIFTING)

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WATER / GAS INJECTION

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 Generally 6 or 8 legged
manned Platform
 Personnel work in shifts
 Topside Facilities Available
are
 Well fluid Process facility
 Sea water Treatment/Injection
facility
 HP / LP Flare
 Power generation & switch
gear module
 Living quarters and associated
requirements
 Emergency Generators
PROCESS CUM LIVING QUARTER PLATFORM

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 HVAC system
 Launchers / Receivers
 Material handling equipment
 Communication systems
 Fire fighting & Suppression
system
 Life saving systems
 Helideck & Jet fuel storage &
refueling system
 Cathodic protection system
Continued…

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OFFSHORE PRODUCTION PROCESS

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SEA WATER TREATMENT FOR WATER INJECTION

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DDW1- PLQP (recently commissioned)

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DDW1- PLQP (recently commissioned)

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 DECK CRANE
 HVAC
 SURVIVAL CRAFT
 PRODUCED WATER CONDITIONOR
 ELECTROCHLORINATOR
 WATER MAKER
 SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT
 DIESEL CENTRIFUGE
 FLARE TIP
 HYDRAULIC POWER UNIT/UMBILICAL
 INSTRUMENT AIR DRYER
 INERT GAS GENERATOR
 FILTER/SEPARATOR
Major Offshore Equipment / Packages (PED)

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 Used for transfer of equipment / materials and personnel
 TYPE OF OFFSHORE CRANE
• PEDESTAL MOUNTED
• KING POST MOUNTED
 Design, Construction and Testing as per API Spec. 2C.
 TYPE OF BOOM
• Box Section boom
• Lattice boom
• Telescoping boom
• Knuckle or Articulated boom
OFFSHORE CRANE

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DECK CRANES CONTINUED……
KING POST MOUNTED PEDESTAL MOUNTED

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Design Features
 Dynamic loading
 Prime mover (Diesel
engine cum hydraulic
unit)
 360 deg slewing

PEDESTAL MOUNTED DECK CRANE

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Safe Working Load (SWL) / Rated capacity
Onboard lifts
Off board lifts
Swing (Slewing)
Luffing
Boom length
Significant wave height
List
Trim
MAIN TERMINOLOGIES OF DECK CRANE

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DECK CRANE

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DECK CRANE (SLEW BEARING)

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Reach Radius (ft) Boom Angle
(degrees)
On Board Lift
(lbs)
Off Board Lift(lbs) Auxiliary Hoist
Lift
Personal Rating
Lift (lbs)
20 82 220,000 192,000 10,000 3,300
25 79 220,000 186,000 10,000 3,300
30 76 220,000 155,500 10,000 3,300
35 73 220,000 132,166 10,000 3,300
40 70 173,400 114,433 10,000 3,300
45 67 152,700 100,633 10,000 3,300
50 64 136,200 89,633 10,000 3,300
55 60 122,600 80,566 10,000 3,300
60 57 111,390 73,093 10,000 3,300
65 54 101,855 66,733 10,000 3,300
70 50 93,676 61,284 10,000 3,300
75 46 86,586 56,557 10,000 3,300
80 42 80,383 52,422 10,000 3,300
85 37 74,910 48,773 10,000 3,300
90 32 70,045 45,530 10,000 3,300
95 26 65,692 42,628 10,000 3,300
100 0 61,774 40,016 10,000 3,300
108 0 10,000 3,300
LOAD RATING CHART

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 Favelle Favco, Australia / Malaysia
 Manitowac Crane, USA
 Raina Engineering, India
 Energy Cranes International, USA
 Oil State Applied hydraulic system, USA
VENDORS (DECK CRANE)

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 FEATURES / CONSTRAINTS
 Chilled water system
 Air cooled condensing unit due to unavailability /
minimum utility water.
 Positive Pressurization through Purging
 Fresh Air Ducting from Safe area
 Spot cooling & negative pressurization of toilets etc.
 No return air from kitchen, dining hall, toilets etc.
 Fire Dampers at every juncture of zone / level
penetration
 Material of construction to suit the corrosive environment
viz. SS ducting or heavy galvanized (270 GSM) ducting
HVAC EQUIPMENT

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 Area classified equipment
 AHUs installation in open
 Safety
 Severe environmental condition persists
 Space
 Limited logistics / labor enforces to consider redundancy
in equipment selection
HVAC EQUIPMENT

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 Tisdale, USA
 Speciality Services, UAE
 Direct Engineering services, Australia
 HI-PRES, Korea
 JL Marine & Engineering, Singapore
VENDORS (HVAC)

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 To provide a safe means of personnel evacuation in emergency situations
SURVIVAL CRAFT

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SURVIVAL CRAFT
 Design and Safety provisions as per SOLAS & LSA.
 Designed for 100 years storms condition.
 Diesel engine driven totally enclosed craft with gear
box to be driven to both ahead and astern side.
 Material of construction- Fire retardant fiber glass
reinforced plastic.
 Water spray system for fire protection.
 Compressed air system for personnel, engine and to
maintain overpressure.
 Launch and recovery electric motor driven winch.
 Hold and launch platform.

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HOLD & LAUNCH PLATFORM

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 Schatt Harding Ltd., UK
 Master Craft, USA
 Norsafe, Norway
 Holland Lifeboats International, Netherlands
VENDORS (SURVIVAL CRAFT)

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 PURPOSE
 To meet Environment norms, water containing oil from
separators etc. should be treated before injection,
disposing of
 As per OPPC (Oil Pollution, Prevention & Control)
regulations maximum concentration of oil discharged in
Produced water shall be 30 mg/l.
 To mainly remove oil and gas from the water (oil well)
 Further treatment viz. de-oxygenation if to be used for
water injection in well.
PRODUCED WATER CONDITIONER

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 Working Principle
 First stage separation via hydro cyclone /
corrugated plate interceptor / skimmer
 Second stage separation via induced gas
floatation (Horizontal / Vertical)
 Third stage separation via walnut media filter (if
desired)
PRODUCED WATER CONDITIONER

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PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT

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PRODUCED WATER TREATMENT

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HYDROCYCLONE (Primary Treatment)

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IGF VESSEL (Secondary Treatment)

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NUTSHELL MEDIA FILTER (Tertiary treatment)

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 Burgess-Manning Europe, UK
 Wemco, USA
 Axia Serck Baker, UK
 Petreco International, UK
 FLSmidth gMAX systems, USA
VENDORS (PWC)

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ELECTROCHLORINATOR
Usage: To control micro-organisms, control algae growth and
keeps transmission pipes clean.

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ELECTROCHLORINATOR CONTINUED…..
Seawater normally contains chloride ion (Cl-
) at a
concentration of from 15,000 to 20,000 ppm. By
electrolysis of seawater, the following reactions
occur:
At anode: 2Cl-
→Cl2 + 2e-
At cathode: 2H2O + 2e-
→2OH-
+ H2
2Na+
+ 2OH-
→2NaOH
Free chlorine (Cl2) generated at the anode
reacts with caustic soda (NaOH)
generated at the cathode and
forms sodium hypochlorite
solution (NaOCl).
Cl2 + 2NaOH → NaOCl + NaCl + H2O
Injection of sodium hypochlorite solution
is very effective to avoid
accumulation of marine life like
shellfish and seaweed etc.

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 Engel Hard, UK
 Diaki Engineering, Japan
 Petreco International, UK
 Titanium Tantalum, India
 Mitsubishi Heavy, Japan
VENDORS (ELECTROCHLORINATOR)

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WATER MAKER (RO TYPE)
Desalination by
Reverse Osmosis (RO)
is a process whereby
fresh water is
extracted from
seawater through the
use of a semi
permeable membrane.

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WATER MAKER (RO TYPE) CONTINUED….

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WATER MAKER (RO TYPE) CONTINUED….

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 Membrane SRL, Italy
 Aqua-Chem, USA
 Meco, USA
 Rochem Separator System, India
VENDORS (WATER MAKER)

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Marine Environment Protection Committee (MEPC)
underlay the guidelines.
 Thermotolerant Coliform < 100 / 100 ml Effluent
 Total Suspended Solid (TSS) < 35 mg / l
 BOD (5) < 25 mg / l
 COD < 125 mg / l
 pH ~ 6 to 8.5
SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT

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BIOLOGICAL TYPE (STP)
AEROBIC TYPE

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ELECTROCATALYTIC TYPE
ELECTROCATALYTIC TYPE (STP)

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 Omnipure, USA
 Red Fox, USA
 ExcelTech, USA
 SasaKura Engineering, Japan
 Demco Cooper Industries, USA
VENDORS (SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT)

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 PURPOSE
 Cleaning of the diesel fuel before using in utility
generator diesel engine / Deck crane diesel engine /
others.
 Pollutants generally are solid particles came from
abrasion / erosion of container material / etc. during
transportation till use.
DIESEL CENTRIFUGE

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DIESEL CENTRIFUGE

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 GEA Westfalia, Germany
 Alfa Lavel Mid Europe, Germany
PROBABLE VENDORS

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HP / LP FLARE

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 Flare tip
 Purge reduction device
(velocity / buoyancy Seal)
 Flame Front generator
 Pilot monitoring system
FLARE TIP COMPONENTS

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FLARE TIP COMPONENTS

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Flame Front Generator

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 Flare Industries, USA
 Zeeco Flares, USA
 John Zink
VENDORS (FLARE TIP COMPONENTS)

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SPM- A Single Pont Mooring System is a complete, self-contained
offshore terminal facility which provides the means for both mooring and
transferring cargo of very large transport vessels or floating offshore
facilities.
SINGLE POINT MOORING SYSTEM (SPM)
There are 5 main components of an
SPM system:
a. Buoy with central swivel and
rotating arm
b. Anchoring System (Chains)
c. Product Transfer System (Floating
& Under-buoy Hoses)
d. Mooring System
e. Pipeline End Manifold (PLEM)

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SINGLE POINT MOORING (SPM)

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 PLEM- A Structural skid for supporting piping,
equipment, hoses connections, subsea valves etc.
 Sub sea valves are hydraulically operated.
 Actuators are designed for operation by hydraulic fluid
ranging from 70 to 105 kg/cm2
.
 Hydraulic power unit is installed on buoy.
 The hydraulic pressure and electric signal are
transmitted through Umbilical which runs from HPU on
buoy to PLEM valves.
SPM continued…..

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Hydraulic Power Unit
HPU with pneumatically driven hydraulic
pump
 Major items of HPU
Pneumatically driven hydraulic
pump
Hydraulic accumulator
Hydraulic reservoir
Hydraulic fluid
Pressure filters

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UMBILICAL
Typical Umbilical with inner and outer thermoplastic
sheath
Typical Umbilical cross sectional arrangement
 Design and manufacture as per API Spec. 17E.
 Design consideration based on
 Services- Dynamic or Static
 Service Fluid
 Environment conditions
 Temperature Range

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PORTS & TERMINALS
83

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 Marine Loading Arm
 Mooring Hooks
 Mooring Winches
 Access Gangway Tower
PORTS & TERMINALS (EQUIPMENT)

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PORTS & TERMINALS

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PORTS & TERMINALS

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PORTS & TERMINALS

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PORTS & TERMINALS

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MARINE LOADING ARM
89

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MARINE LOADING ARM

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MARINE LOADING ARM
91

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MARINE LOADING ARM WITH PIGGY BACK
92

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MARINE LOADING ARM (CRYOGENIC)
93

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MARINE LOADING ARM

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QCDC
95

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SWIVEL JOINT (DOUBLE RACE)
96

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SWIVEL JOINT
97

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TRIPLE SWIVEL ASSEMBLY

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Constant Position Monitoring System
99

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 FMC, EUROPE
 NIIGATA, Japan
 SVT, Germany
 EMCO WHEATON, Germany
VENDORS (MARINE LOADING ARM)

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MOORING WINCH

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MOORING WINCH

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MOORING WINCH

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 Alfred Cheyne Engineering (ACE) Winches, UK
 Rolls-Royce, UK
VENDORS (MOORING WINCHES)

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MOORING HOOK

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MOORING HOOK

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MOORING HOOK

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 TrellerBorg, Australia
 MarimaTech, Denmark
 Mampaey, Netherland
VENDORS (MOORING HOOKS)

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MOORED SHIP

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ACCESS GANGWAY (LIFT TYPE)

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ACCESS GANGWAY (LIFT TYPE)

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ACCESS GANGWAY (COLUMN TYPE)

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ACCESS GANGWAY (COLUMN TYPE)

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 Verhoef, Germany
 Samgong, South Korea
 STK Engineering, Singapore
 Prosertek, Spain
VENDORS (ACCESS GANGWAY)

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THANK YOU