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The document discusses several narrative theorists including Tzvetan Todorov, Vladimir Propp, and Claude Levi-Strauss. It provides biographical information about each theorist and summarizes some of their major concepts. Todorov explored equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium in narratives. Propp analyzed character archetypes and roles such as heroes, villains, helpers. Levi-Strauss studied binary oppositions and structuralism in narratives. Examples are given of how these concepts apply to film narratives.
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Theories
There are three main narrative structures according to Tzvetan Todorov: circular, episodic, and linear. Todorov's theory of narrative follows the linear structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a return to equilibrium. Vladimir Propp's character theory outlines that there must be at least eight types of characters. Claude Levi-Strauss proposed that narratives often feature binary oppositions such as protagonist vs antagonist or crime vs justice.
Narrative theorists
Narrative explores conventions like genre, character, form, and time through how the story is told as events unfold. There are different narrative structures like linear (beginning, middle, end), circular (beginning at the end/middle), open (leaves questions), and closed (definite conclusion). More complex narratives contain plot twists and surprises. Restricted narratives withhold information from audiences while unrestricted narratives assume what audiences know. Narrative theorists like Todorov, Levi-Strauss, and Barthes provide ways to analyze narratives, focusing on equilibrium shifts, binary oppositions, and interpretive codes, respectively. Propp's functions drive narratives through character types and narrative events.
Propp and todov theory
Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov developed influential theories about narrative structure. Propp suggested that all stories follow 8 character archetypes and a specific sequence of events. Todorov proposed that narratives follow a 5-stage structure moving from equilibrium, to disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes viewed texts as a non-linear "galaxy" of signifiers that can be interpreted through multiple codes and meanings rather than a single structured reading.
Todorovs theory
Narrative theory studies how stories are structured through sequences of events. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that conventional narratives follow a five stage structure: 1) an initial state of equilibrium, 2) a disruption to the equilibrium, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the disruption, and 5) reinstatement of the equilibrium. This structure can be seen in many films, including The Descent, which follows Todorov's model through the characters' experiences in the caves.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several influential narrative theorists and their contributions:
1) Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor.
2) Tzvetan Todorov proposed most narratives have an initial state of equilibrium, a disruption, then resolution to a new equilibrium.
3) Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss studied how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like civilized/savage.
Narrative Theory
This document summarizes several narrative theories proposed by different theorists. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified 8 common character archetypes. Tzvetan Todorov suggested narratives follow a 5 stage structure of equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and new equilibrium. Rolland Barthes identified 5 codes that make up a narrative: hermeneutic, proairetic, semantic, symbolic, and cultural.
Micro features overview and comparison
This document provides an overview of micro features that should be analyzed in four films to understand how they construct narrative and themes. It instructs the reader to use their analysis sheets and resources to establish how sound, cinematography, editing, and mise-en-scene like dialogue, camera work, lighting, and setting help convey the straight linear narrative, narrative setup, order, and representation of characters and themes like violence, redemption, and social issues. Specific questions are provided as examples to analyze how these micro features construct the narrative. The document also lists relevant narrative theories and directs the reader to identify similarities and differences in how the directors constructed the narrative through these techniques.
Theorists
Narrative theory analyzes how stories are structured and conveyed. The document discusses several prominent narrative theories. Vladimir Propp analyzed character archetypes like the hero, helper, and villain. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect a culture's values through binaries. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that all stories follow a fixed model of equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified codes like the hermeneutic code that builds mystery and the semantic code where elements symbolize broader meanings.
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Theories
There are three main narrative structures according to Tzvetan Todorov: circular, episodic, and linear. Todorov's theory of narrative follows the linear structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and a return to equilibrium. Vladimir Propp's character theory outlines that there must be at least eight types of characters. Claude Levi-Strauss proposed that narratives often feature binary oppositions such as protagonist vs antagonist or crime vs justice.
Narrative theorists
Narrative explores conventions like genre, character, form, and time through how the story is told as events unfold. There are different narrative structures like linear (beginning, middle, end), circular (beginning at the end/middle), open (leaves questions), and closed (definite conclusion). More complex narratives contain plot twists and surprises. Restricted narratives withhold information from audiences while unrestricted narratives assume what audiences know. Narrative theorists like Todorov, Levi-Strauss, and Barthes provide ways to analyze narratives, focusing on equilibrium shifts, binary oppositions, and interpretive codes, respectively. Propp's functions drive narratives through character types and narrative events.
Propp and todov theory
Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov developed influential theories about narrative structure. Propp suggested that all stories follow 8 character archetypes and a specific sequence of events. Todorov proposed that narratives follow a 5-stage structure moving from equilibrium, to disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes viewed texts as a non-linear "galaxy" of signifiers that can be interpreted through multiple codes and meanings rather than a single structured reading.
Todorovs theory
Narrative theory studies how stories are structured through sequences of events. Tzvetan Todorov suggested that conventional narratives follow a five stage structure: 1) an initial state of equilibrium, 2) a disruption to the equilibrium, 3) recognition of the disruption, 4) an attempt to repair the disruption, and 5) reinstatement of the equilibrium. This structure can be seen in many films, including The Descent, which follows Todorov's model through the characters' experiences in the caves.
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The document discusses several influential narrative theorists and their contributions:
1) Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character archetypes like the hero, villain, donor.
2) Tzvetan Todorov proposed most narratives have an initial state of equilibrium, a disruption, then resolution to a new equilibrium.
3) Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural.
4) Claude Levi-Strauss studied how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like civilized/savage.
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This document provides an overview of micro features that should be analyzed in four films to understand how they construct narrative and themes. It instructs the reader to use their analysis sheets and resources to establish how sound, cinematography, editing, and mise-en-scene like dialogue, camera work, lighting, and setting help convey the straight linear narrative, narrative setup, order, and representation of characters and themes like violence, redemption, and social issues. Specific questions are provided as examples to analyze how these micro features construct the narrative. The document also lists relevant narrative theories and directs the reader to identify similarities and differences in how the directors constructed the narrative through these techniques.
Theorists
Narrative theory analyzes how stories are structured and conveyed. The document discusses several prominent narrative theories. Vladimir Propp analyzed character archetypes like the hero, helper, and villain. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect a culture's values through binaries. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that all stories follow a fixed model of equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified codes like the hermeneutic code that builds mystery and the semantic code where elements symbolize broader meanings.
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- Allen Cameron identified four types of modular narratives: anachronic, forking-path, episodic, and split screen.
- Levi Strauss developed the theory of binary oppositions, which sees concepts as relating in pairs of opposites.
- Vladimir Propp analyzed folk tales and identified recurring character types like villains, helpers, and princesses. He broke stories into smallest narrative units.
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- Barthes' theory that narratives employ codes like hermeneutic (raising questions), proairetic (anticipating actions), semantic, symbolic, and cultural
- Levi-Strauss' theory that narratives use binary oppositions like good vs evil
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- Tzvetan Todorov described narratives as moving from an initial state of equilibrium, through some disruption, to a resolution and new equilibrium.
- Vladimir Propp analyzed fairytales and found they follow a similar structure with 31 possible stages or functions that appear in a set sequence, shaped by character types and actions.
- Claude Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as unconsciously reflecting cultural values, beliefs and myths through the use of binary opposites like good vs evil that organize conflicts.
- Roland Barthes identified five codes
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2) Narrative devices like characterization, conflict, and setting that are used to develop characters and advance the plot.
3) Stylistic elements such as diction, imagery, irony and tone that contribute to the overall meaning and atmosphere of a story.
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Narrative theory analyzes how stories are structured and conveyed. Vladimir Propp analyzed character roles in stories, identifying common roles like the hero, helper, and villain. Claude Levi-Strauss studied how unconscious cultural values are reflected in binary opposites, like cowboys vs. Indians. Tzvetan Todorov proposed that every story follows a fixed model of equilibrium, disruption, realization, restored order, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified five codes that structure narratives: the hermeneutic code of mystery, the enigma code of suspense, the semantic and symbolic codes of meaning, and the cultural code of audience knowledge.
Narrative theories
Narrative theory examines how stories are structured and told in both fictional and non-fictional media. Several theorists have identified common patterns and structures in narratives, including binary oppositions that reflect cultural beliefs, equilibrium being disrupted and restored, and character archetypes. Roland Barthes identified five codes that help readers make sense of narratives: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural.
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- Allen Cameron identified four types of modular narratives: anachronic, forking-path, episodic, and split screen.
- Levi Strauss developed the theory of binary oppositions, which sees concepts as relating in pairs of opposites.
- Vladimir Propp analyzed folk tales and identified recurring character types like villains, helpers, and princesses. He broke stories into smallest narrative units.
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This document provides definitions for various literary terms that will be used throughout the school year. It defines terms related to characters like protagonists and antagonists. It also defines elements of plot such as exposition, rising action, climax, falling action and resolution. Additionally, it defines literary devices like imagery, mood, conflict, flashbacks, foreshadowing, point of view, setting, theme, tone, metaphors, similes, oxymorons, personification and alliteration. Examples are provided for many of the terms.
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- Aristotle observed that all narratives have a beginning, middle, and end, and should take place in a single location over a short period of time, moving logically towards a conclusion.
- Tzvetan Todorov described narratives as moving from an initial state of equilibrium, through some disruption, to a resolution and new equilibrium.
- Vladimir Propp analyzed fairytales and found they follow a similar structure with 31 possible stages or functions that appear in a set sequence, shaped by character types and actions.
- Claude Levi-Strauss viewed narratives as unconsciously reflecting cultural values, beliefs and myths through the use of binary opposites like good vs evil that organize conflicts.
- Roland Barthes identified five codes
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The document discusses various approaches to analyzing narratives. It describes Aristotle's view that narratives have a beginning, middle, and end. It also outlines Vladimir Propp's analysis of 31 possible narrative functions that tend to appear in folktales in a consistent sequence. Additionally, it discusses Joseph Campbell's concept of the "monomyth" or hero's journey narrative structure that is common across cultures.
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Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian folktales and identified that narratives follow a pattern of preparation, complications, transference, struggle, return, and recognition. Tzvetan Todorov claimed stories follow a pattern of equilibrium, disruption, and a return to a new equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss viewed myths and stories as reflecting societal traditions and beliefs through the creation of conflicts and oppositions that are ultimately resolved. Ronald Barthes described different codes that create meaning and mystery in narratives. Joseph Campbell identified that hero narratives typically follow eight stages of a call to adventure, trials, vision, meeting a goddess, receiving a boon, magic flight, return, and mastery.
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The document discusses various literary devices including idioms, tone vs mood, hyperbole, allusion, irony, and theme. It provides examples and explanations of each device. Idioms are phrases originating from a specific area, and the document gives examples and a quiz. Tone is the author's attitude while mood is the emotions felt by the reader. Hyperbole involves extreme exaggeration for effect. Allusions indirectly reference other works. Irony includes situational, dramatic, and verbal irony where what is said differs from what is meant or understood. Theme is the overall point or message of a work.
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This document discusses narrative theory and Vladimir Propp's analysis of basic folk tale plots. [1] Propp analyzed Russian folk tales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and donor that provide assistance. [2] He broke tales down into 31 defined functions or story events that typically occur. [3] For example, the hero receives a task from the princess' father and must overcome the villain, following a predictable sequence and role structure across many stories.
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The document discusses different models of narrative structure that can be applied to media texts, including Propp's 31 narrative functions model, Todorov's 5-stage model of narrative, and Roland Barthes' 5 codes of narrative. Propp believed narratives follow a sequence of 31 possible functions or plot points, such as one family member leaving home or a villain deceiving the victim. Todorov saw narratives as moving from an initial equilibrium, through disruption, an attempt to rectify it, to a new equilibrium. Barthes identified codes like hermeneutic (mystery), proairetic (action), and semantic (meaning).
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This document provides definitions and examples of various literary terms used to analyze and describe works of fiction, including:
1) Figurative language terms like simile, metaphor, and oxymoron which describe things in a non-literal way.
2) Narrative devices like characterization, conflict, and setting that are used to develop characters and advance the plot.
3) Stylistic elements such as diction, imagery, irony and tone that contribute to the overall meaning and atmosphere of a story.
4) Literary techniques like foreshadowing, motif and symbolism employed by authors to layer additional depth and meaning.
Narrative Theory
This document discusses key concepts in narrative theory, including the idea that people understand the world through stories and make decisions based on narrative frameworks. It introduces theorists like Vladimir Propp, who identified narrative structures in Russian folktales, and Tzvetan Todorov, who described narratives as having an initial equilibrium disrupted and resolved. The document also mentions Roland Barthes' five narrative codes and how classical narrative conventions are used in moving image texts through techniques like editing and camerawork.
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- The document discusses key concepts in narrative theory including linear vs. non-linear narratives, different theorists like Todorov and Barthes, and experimental forms like modular narratives.
- It provides tasks for students to analyze the narrative structure of their music video by identifying events, character types, and how it fits traditional or experimental theories.
- Students are asked to choose one or two narrative theories that best apply to their video, but also note how it experiments with the theory.
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This document provides an overview of narrative research. It begins by defining narrative research as a study of individuals' life experiences told through stories collected from the individual. There are various types of narrative designs that can be used depending on who provides the story, how much of the individual's life is covered, and whether a theoretical lens is applied. Key characteristics of narrative designs include a focus on individual experiences, collecting stories, identifying themes, and collaborating with participants. The document concludes by outlining the steps to conducting narrative research, which include identifying a phenomenon to study, collecting an individual's story, analyzing and retelling the story, collaborating with the participant, and writing a narrative report.
Narrative research
This document provides an overview of narrative research methods. It discusses that narrative research focuses on studying individuals' life experiences through collecting and analyzing their stories. Key aspects include gathering data through interviews and documents, analyzing collected stories for themes and events, and reporting findings in narrative form like biographies or life stories. The document also covers characteristics of narrative research such as flexibility, a focus on individual experiences, and an emphasis on collaboration between researcher and participants.
Narrative research design
This document discusses narrative research, which involves collecting and analyzing stories from individuals about their lived experiences. Narrative research aims to understand how people make meaning of their experiences through stories. It developed as a way to understand human experiences across disciplines. Key aspects include gathering individual stories through methods like interviews and documents, reorganizing the stories chronologically, identifying themes across stories, and collaborating closely with participants. The document provides examples of narrative research types and outlines important considerations like authenticity, accuracy, and ensuring participants are comfortable sharing stories.
Narrative research
Narrative research is a term that subsumes a group of approaches that in turn rely on the written or spoken words or visual representation of individuals. These approaches typically focus on the lives of individuals as told through their own stories. The emphasis in such approaches is on the story, typically both what and how is narrated.
Narrative research can be considered both a research method in itself but also the phenomenon under study.
Qualitative Research
Qualitative research aims to understand people's experiences and interpretations of the world. It provides rich, detailed descriptions through methods like interviews, observations, and written responses. The researcher immerses themselves in the topic to understand perspectives without assumptions. Main types include case studies, grounded theory, phenomenology, and ethnography. Data collection involves interactions, written responses, and observations. Analysis begins during data collection to guide further inquiry. The process moves from specific to general understanding through a funnel or inductive approach. Validity is increased through triangulation of multiple data sources, types, and collection methods. Strengths include understanding context, but it is time consuming and results may not generalize. Mixed methods combine qualitative and quantitative approaches at different stages of
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Narrative theories research
The document discusses different types of narratives and narrative elements. It mentions linear narratives which follow a structure of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium. It also discusses binary oppositions and post-modern narratives. Key narrative elements discussed include characters (hero, villain, donor), their purposes, and how Vladimir Propp analyzed basic plot components in Russian folk tales.
Narrative Theory
The document summarizes several narrative theories:
1) Barthes' Enigma Code which suggests texts portray mysteries to intrigue audiences.
2) Todorov's 5 Stages of Narrative where stories begin in equilibrium, face disruption, and restore order.
3) Propp's 8 character types that provide narrative structure, including heroes, villains, helpers.
4) Lévi-Strauss' theory that narratives are structured around conflicts between binary opposites like good vs evil.
Narrative theory
The document discusses several theorists' perspectives on narrative structure and analysis. It outlines Todorov's 5 stages of narrative involving an initial equilibrium, disruption, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair it, and new equilibrium. Barthes identified codes that encourage audience anticipation like enigma, action, semantic, symbolic, and cultural codes. Propp analyzed common character archetypes in folktales, identifying 7 spheres of action like hero, villain, dispatcher. Strauss saw narratives as relying on fundamental oppositions.
Narrative theory
This document outlines key concepts in narrative theory, including narrative structures, forms, theorists, and their theories. It discusses Vladimir Propp's identification of 8 character roles and 31 narrative functions in folk tales. It also summarizes Tzvetan Todorov's theory of disrupted equilibrium, Roland Barthes' 5 action codes, Claude Levi-Strauss' theory of binary oppositions, Victor Shklovsky's distinction between plot and story, and theories by David Bordwell/Kristin Thompson and Gill Branston/Roy Stafford. The document provides examples and activities for students to apply these narrative theories.
Narrative theories
Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory states that all narratives follow three stages of equilibrium: 1) the initial equilibrium, 2) a disruption of the equilibrium (disequilibrium), and 3) a return to the new equilibrium. Vladimir Propp's character theory suggests there are recognizable character types in narratives, such as heroes, villains, helpers. Claude Levi-Strauss's binary opposition theory says narratives contain opposites like protagonists vs. antagonists that create conflict. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes that structure how audiences understand stories: action, enigma, semic, symbolic, and cultural.
Narrative and film theory research
This document discusses various narrative and film theories proposed by different theorists. It begins by distinguishing between narrative, which is how a story is structured and presented in a film through editing, and story, which is the actual plot. It then provides examples of different narrative types like science fiction and horror. The remainder of the document outlines several theorists' contributions to narrative and character theory, including Tzvetan Todorov's theory of narrative structure consisting of equilibrium, disequilibrium, and new equilibrium; Claude Levi-Strauss's concept of binary opposition; Vladimir Propp's identification of common character archetypes; and Erving Goffman's four main character roles in a narrative.
Propp and todov theory
Vladimir Propp and Tzvetan Todorov developed influential theories about narrative structure. Propp suggested that all stories follow 8 character archetypes and a specific sequence of events. Todorov proposed that narratives follow a 5-stage structure moving from equilibrium, to disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, to a new equilibrium. Roland Barthes viewed texts as a non-linear "galaxy" of signifiers that can be interpreted through multiple codes and meanings rather than a single structured reading.
Narrative investigation
The document discusses different narrative structures and theories of narrative. It describes linear narratives as having a clear beginning, middle, and end, while circular narratives end where they begin. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairy tales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and dispatcher. Tzvetan Todorov's theory is that narratives move from an initial equilibrium, to a disruption of that equilibrium (disequilibrium), to a restored equilibrium. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions like good vs evil.
Narrative theory
The document summarizes several narrative theories including Todorov's 5 stages of narrative, Barthes' narrative codes, Propp's character archetypes, and Strauss' concept of binary oppositions. Todorov proposed that narratives follow 5 stages: equilibrium, disruption, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair, new equilibrium. Barthes identified codes like enigma and action that create anticipation. Propp identified 7 character types commonly found in folktales. Strauss believed narratives are structured through fundamental oppositions like good vs evil. The theories provide ways to analyze narrative structure and characters in stories and films.
Narrative theory
This document summarizes several influential narrative theorists and their contributions to understanding narrative structure in films. It discusses Vladimir Propp's identification of character roles and functions common across Russian fairytales. It also outlines Tzvetan Todorov's model of equilibrium being disrupted by an external force that must be overcome to restore equilibrium. Additionally, it presents Roland Barthes' five narrative codes that engage audiences and Claude Levi-Strauss' concept of binary oppositions unconsciously reflecting a culture's values in myths and stories.
Narrative theories and thriller conventions as
Vladimir Propp analyzed over 100 Russian fairytales and proposed that it was possible to classify characters into clearly defined roles and functions, such as the hero, villain, donor, dispatcher, and princess. While some films like Star Wars fit Propp's model precisely, others like Pulp Fiction do not. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a pattern of equilibrium, disequilibrium, attempted repair, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes analyzed how narratives work with codes that activate meaning for the audience, such as denote, connote, action, and enigma. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths reflect the values and beliefs of a culture through symbolic binary oppositions like homesteaders vs
Narrative theories
Vladimir Propp analyzed over 100 Russian folk tales and identified that they followed a pattern of 8 character types that repeatedly appeared, including villains, dispatchers who send the hero on a quest, helpers who assist the hero, and a princess/prize. Tzvetan Todorov's equilibrium vs. disequilibrium theory proposed that plots must follow 5 stages - from an initial equilibrium, to a disruption, realization of a problem, restored order, to a new equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified 5 codes that help make sense of media texts - action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural.
Textual analysis narrative theories
Todorov's narrative theory analyzes the basic structure of narratives into five parts: equilibrium, disruption, recognition of disruption, attempt to repair, and resolution/return to equilibrium. Propp's theory suggests all fairytale characters can be categorized into seven roles including the villain, dispatcher, helper, princess/father, donor, hero, and false hero. Levi-Strauss developed the idea of binary opposition, where the plot of a narrative is based on opposites such as human vs supernatural working against each other.
Narrative theories
Narrative theories provide frameworks for understanding how stories are structured and conveyed. The document discusses several influential narrative theorists: Vladimir Propp analyzed character archetypes and roles in folktales. Tzvetan Todorov described a five-stage structure of equilibrium, disruption, recognition, attempt to repair, and new equilibrium. Roland Barthes proposed that narratives activate readers through five codes: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's beliefs through binary oppositions.
Narrative investigation
The document discusses several theories of narrative structure. It describes linear and circular narrative structures, with linear having a clear beginning, middle, and end, and circular having the beginning and end be the same. It also summarizes Todorov's theory of narrative structure involving equilibrium, disequilibrium, recognition, resolution, and restoration. Additionally, it discusses Propp's identification of common character roles and Barthes' theory involving different narrative codes that engage readers. Finally, it provides an example analysis of the film Sweeney Todd using Todorov's narrative structure.
Narrative Theory
The document discusses several theorists who have analyzed narrative structures in media. Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairytales and identified character roles like the hero, villain, and donor. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow an equilibrium-disequilibrium-new equilibrium structure. Roland Barthes identified five narrative codes used in stories: action, enigma, symbolic, semic, and cultural. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how stories reflect the values and myths of cultures through binary oppositions like homesteader/native American. Theories by these thinkers can be applied to analyze the structure and themes of film openings and endings.
Media theories
The document discusses several media theories:
- Structuralism explores how meaning is formulated within a culture through systems of signs and paradigms.
- Post-structuralism critiques structuralism by arguing there is no inherent structure in texts.
- Modernism moves away from structure and embraces discontinuity and disruption of conventions.
- Postmodernism knowingly plays with and subverts conventions through techniques like bricolage.
- Psychoanalytic theories like the male gaze and identifying with the final girl were applied to horror genres.
Media theories
The document discusses several media theories:
- Structuralism states that culture can be understood through systems of signs and meanings are formulated within a culture.
- Post-structuralism critiques structuralism and argues there is no inherent structure in texts.
- Modernism moves away from structure and embraces discontinuity and disruption of conventions.
- Postmodernism knowingly plays with and subverts conventions through techniques like bricolage.
- Psychoanalytic theories like the male gaze and identifying with the final girl character were applied to horror genres.
Media Theories
The document discusses several media theories related to how meaning is constructed in films. It outlines structuralism and how signs and codes convey information based on cultural understanding. It also describes Tzvetan Todorov's narrative theory of equilibrium and disequilibrium in stories. Additionally, it mentions Levi Strauss' concept of binary opposites and visual/conceptual oppositions. Finally, it briefly summarizes Vladimir Propp's eight character archetypes, Carol Clover's final girl theory, and Sigmund Freud's ideas of id, ego, superego, sadism, and masochism.
Narrative theory
Vladimir Propp analyzed Russian fairy tales in the 1920s and proposed that stories could be classified based on character roles and functions. He identified seven character roles including the hero, donor, dispatcher, and princess. Tzvetan Todorov suggested most narratives follow a structure of equilibrium, disruption of equilibrium by an outside force, and return to a new equilibrium. Roland Barthes identified narrative devices like enigma, symbolic, semic, cultural, and action that engage audiences. Claude Levi-Strauss examined how myths unconsciously reflect a culture's values and beliefs through binary oppositions.
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4 my narrative research draft 1
- 1. Narrative Research Anicia Brown
- 3. Equilibrium Disequilibrium When everything is balanced together Where a balanced equilibrium is disrupted e.g. like a conflict in the middle of a movie New Equilibrium When Disequilibrium has found a resolution and when equilibrium is restored d Beginning Middle End
- 7. Example film for characters- stereotypes and structures/purposes Hero Villain
- 9. Binary Opposition Opposition to do with soundtrack. Binary oppositions . Light/darkness Movement/stillness Love/hate Control/panic
- 11. Example of a film with Flashbacks Example of flashback in film