Clouds and precipitation
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This document discusses various cloud and precipitation formation processes. It begins by explaining adiabatic temperature changes and how they relate to cloud development. It then discusses orographic lifting, convergence, localized convective lifting, stability, and condensation - all of which can induce clouds and precipitation. The document also classifies common cloud types such as cirrus, cumulus, and stratus clouds. It concludes by examining different types of precipitation including rain, snow, sleet, glaze and hail.
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The document discusses various atmospheric processes related to clouds and precipitation. It covers topics such as adiabatic temperature changes, mechanisms of air rising to form clouds, cloud classification, fog and mist formation, Bergeron process of rain formation, and factors influencing precipitation type. The document provides definitions and explanations of key terms through links to external web pages on atmospheric science topics.
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DID YOU KNOWAs you might expect, the most humid cities in the U.docx
DID YOU KNOW?
As you might expect, the most humid cities in the United States are located near the ocean in regions that experience frequent onshore breezes.The record belongs to Quiilayute, Washington, with an average relative humidity of 83 percent. However, many coastal cities in Oregon,Texas, Louisiana, and Florida also have average relative humidities that exceed 75 percent. Coastal cities in the Northeast tend to be somewhat less humid because they often experience air masses that originate over the drier, continental interior.
A different type of hygrometer is used in remote-sensing instrument packages such as radiosondes that transmit upper-air observations back to ground stations. The electric hygrometer contains an electrical conductor coated with a moisture-absorbing chemical. It works on the principle that the passage of current varies as the relative humidity varies.
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Near Earth's surface, heat is readily exchanged between the ground and the air above. During evening hours, the surface radiates heat away, and the surface and adjacent air cool rapidly. This "radiation cooling" accounts for the formation of dew and some types of fog. Thus, surface cooling that occurs after sunset accounts for some condensation. However, cloud formation often takes place during the warmest part of the day. Some other mechanism must operate aloft that cools air sufficiently to generate clouds.
Adiabatic Temperature Changes
The process that is responsible for most cloud formation is easily demonstrated if you have ever pumped up a bicycle tire and noticed that the pump barrel became quite warm. The heat you felt was the consequence of the work you did on the air to compress it. When energy is used to compress air, the motion of the gas molecules increases and, therefore, the temperature of the air rises. Conversely, air that is allowed to escape from a bicycle tire expands and cools because the expanding air pushes (does work on) the surrounding air and must cool by an amount equivalent to the energy expended.
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Clouds
The document describes different types of clouds found at different altitudes in the atmosphere. It discusses high-level clouds like cirrocumulus and cirrus found between 20,000-60,000 feet, middle-level clouds such as altostratus and altocumulus around 6,500 feet, and low-level clouds including cumulus and stratocumulus below 6,500 feet. It also mentions vertical clouds like cumulonimbus that extend high above their bases, as well as other unique clouds such as noctilucent and polar stratospheric clouds.
5fmartin
The document discusses various topics related to weather including:
- Dry adiabatic cooling and heating of unsaturated versus saturated air.
- How mountains can cause air to ascend and form fronts as warm air rises over cold air.
- How air convergence can lift air and form pockets of lower density air that cause localized convection.
- The formation of condensation nuclei and clouds from water vapor and particulate matter in the air.
- The different types of clouds like high, middle, and low clouds based on their composition and altitude.
Clouds and percipitation powerpoint
This document discusses various cloud formation processes including adiabatic temperature changes, orographic lifting, frontal wedging, convergence, localized convective lifting, stability, condensation, and precipitation processes like the Bergeron process and collision-coalescence process. It also covers cloud types like cumulus, cirrus, and stratus clouds as well as fog, rain, snow, sleet, glaze and hail.
5mschaffer
This document summarizes various cloud formation and precipitation processes. It discusses how air cools at different rates depending on moisture levels. It also describes processes like orographic lifting where air is forced to rise over mountains, frontal wedging when warm and cold air masses collide, and convergence where air flows together and rises. Additional cloud formation mechanisms covered include localized convection, stability levels, and condensation. The document also categorizes clouds by height and form, describes different types of precipitation like rain, snow, sleet and hail, and summarizes fog formation through cooling and evaporation.
Clouds and percipitation
This document discusses various mechanisms that cause air to rise and form clouds, including orographic lifting from air flowing over mountains, frontal wedging along weather fronts, convergence of air masses, and localized convective lifting from uneven heating of air. It also describes different types of clouds like cirrus, cumulus, and stratus clouds. High clouds form at high altitudes and have thin wispy forms. Middle and low clouds have thicker forms and occur at lower altitudes. The document outlines processes like condensation and precipitation that lead to rain, snow, sleet, hail and other forms of weather.
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Clouds and precipitation
This document discusses various cloud formation processes and types of precipitation. It explains that clouds form through processes like adiabatic lifting and convergence which cause air to rise and condense. Specific cloud formation mechanisms covered include orographic lifting, frontal wedging, localized convection, and stability/instability. The document also defines different cloud types from high, middle and low clouds to clouds with vertical development. Additionally, it covers fog formation and the processes that cause precipitation like rain, snow, sleet, glaze and hail.
4jpfleger
This document discusses various atmospheric processes that lead to cloud formation and precipitation. It covers topics like adiabatic cooling and warming, orographic and frontal lifting, convection, stability, condensation, different cloud types based on altitude, precipitation processes like the Bergeron process and collision-coalescence, and types of precipitation including rain, snow, sleet, glaze and hail. The document provides information on the mechanisms and conditions required for various cloud and precipitation formation.
2Kcoldren
This document discusses different types of clouds and cloud formation processes. It describes adiabatic temperature changes, orographic lifting, frontal wedging, convergence, and localized convective lifting as mechanisms for cloud formation. It then defines high, middle, and low clouds and provides examples of cloud types in each category. Fog and vertically developing clouds are also briefly discussed.
3qrogers
This document discusses various types of clouds and precipitation. It describes cloud formation processes like orographic lifting, fronts, convergence, and localized lifting. It explains cloud types like cirrus, cumulus, and stratus clouds. The document also covers precipitation formation theories like Bergeron process and collision coalescence. Finally, it defines different types of precipitation including rain, snow, sleet, glaze, and hail.
2JessB
This document discusses various types of clouds and precipitation. It describes how different lifting mechanisms like orographic lifting and frontal wedging can cause clouds to form. It explains the temperature changes that occur during adiabatic expansion and cooling. It also outlines the different categories of clouds based on height (high, middle, low clouds) and discusses fog, rain, snow, sleet and hail.
Clouds and precipitation
This document discusses various weather phenomena related to clouds and precipitation. It explains that temperature decreases with increasing altitude, mountains can block or redirect air flow, and mixing of warm and cold air masses can cause thunderstorms. Different types of clouds are formed at high, middle, and low altitudes. When clouds warm above freezing, rain occurs, while snow falls when clouds dip below -40°C. Sleet forms from supercooled rain and hail from frozen rain droplets.
1jschan
This document discusses various cloud formation processes and types of precipitation. It covers topics such as adiabatic temperature changes, orographic lifting, frontal wedging, convergence, convective lifting, stability, condensation, types of clouds including high, middle and low clouds, fog, cold and warm cloud precipitation processes, and forms of precipitation including sleet, glaze and hail. The document provides explanations of key cloud and precipitation concepts and formation mechanisms.
Clouds and precipitation19
This document summarizes different types of cloud formation and precipitation processes. It discusses how adiabatic temperature changes and expansion cause clouds to form. Mountain ranges and frontal systems can also trigger cloud formation through orographic lifting and frontal wedging. The document outlines different cloud types from high to low altitudes and clouds associated with vertical air movement. It then explains various precipitation processes for warm and cold clouds and the differences between rain, snow, sleet, glaze and hail.
5nmann
This document summarizes different mechanisms for cloud and precipitation formation. It discusses how adiabatic temperature changes cause air to cool and condense as it rises upward or expands. It also describes how orographic lifting can cause the windward sides of mountains to receive more rain, while rain shadows form on the leeward sides. Finally, it mentions how frontal wedging occurs when warm and cold air masses collide at a front.
Clouds and precipitation-nate mann
This document summarizes different mechanisms for cloud and precipitation formation. It discusses how adiabatic temperature changes cause air to cool and condense as it rises upward or expands. It also describes how orographic lifting can cause the windward sides of mountains to receive more rain, while rain shadows form on the leeward sides. Finally, it mentions how frontal wedging occurs when warm and cold air masses collide at a front.
5jrodriguez
This document discusses various atmospheric processes related to cloud formation and precipitation. It explains different types of clouds like cirrus, cumulus and stratus clouds and how they form at different altitudes. It also discusses cloud lifting mechanisms like adiabatic cooling and frontal lifting. Additionally, it covers precipitation processes like the Bergeron process, how rain, snow, sleet and hail form through differing temperature and moisture conditions in the atmosphere.
3LScorzafava
This document contains links to various web pages about clouds, weather, and atmospheric science. The links cover topics such as future climate change predictions from NASA, cloud formation and development processes, cloud classification types, fog and condensation, and cloud photography. Many of the links are from government weather agencies and educational sites focusing on atmospheric science topics.
2rgriffo
This document summarizes several key atmospheric processes:
1. Adiabatic temperature changes occur when temperature changes without heat being added or subtracted, such as during atmospheric expansion.
2. Orographic lifting occurs when air flows up a mountain slope, often generating clouds and precipitation through adiabatic cooling.
3. The collision of warm and cold air masses produces fronts where cooler, denser air acts as a barrier over which warmer air rises.
4. Several processes like convergence, localized convection, and the Bergeron process involve the lifting and rising of air, sometimes resulting in cloud formation.
3jweaver
This document summarizes different types of cloud formation and precipitation processes. It discusses how air is lifted through various mechanisms like frontal wedging and orographic lifting to form clouds. It also describes different cloud types like cirrus, altostratus and stratus clouds. Furthermore, it explains precipitation formation through processes like the Bergeron process and collision-coalescence as well as different types of precipitation like rain, snow, sleet and hail.
Clouds and precipitation
This document discusses various cloud formation processes and types of precipitation. It explains that air cools and rises through adiabatic expansion, orographic and frontal lifting. Clouds form through convergence of winds and localized thermal lifting. Stability determines if air will rise to form clouds. Condensation occurs when vapor cools and forms clouds and precipitation. High, middle and low clouds are described based on altitude. Vertical cumulus clouds can become storms. Fog is low-lying moisture and different precipitation forms in cold or warm clouds.
period 4 M Gahmn 5mjoseph
This document discusses various cloud formation and precipitation processes including: adiabatic temperature change caused by air compression/expansion; orographic lifting where winds force air up mountains cooling it; frontal wedging where warm/cold air collide forming storms; convergence where air flows together upward; localized convective lifting forming warm air pockets called thermals; stability based on air density differences; condensation requiring saturated air; the types and heights of clouds; vertical cloud development enhancing movement; fog forming over land or sea; cold/warm cloud precipitation mechanisms; and rain, snow, sleet, glaze and hail depending on atmospheric temperatures.
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Clouds and precipitation
- 2. Adiabatic Temperature Changes and Expansion and Cooling Temperature change Dry adiabatic rate Heating or cooling of saturated air Wet adiabatic rate Slow cooling by the adding of latent heat http://www.physicscentral. com/experiment/physicsat home/bottle.cfm http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography- for-kids/0070-adiabatic-temperature- changes.php
- 3. Orographic Lifting Land masses makes air flow over it Rainiest places are the cause of this Most moister is lost by the time the air reaches the other side http://www.waterencyclopedia.co m/Ce-Cr/Climate-Moderator- Water-as-a.html https://earthscience-in-the- nationalparks.wikispaces.com/Death+Vall ey
- 4. Convergence Collision of different air masses to make air rise Causes Cloud development Precipitation http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/met130/n otes/chapter6/lift_converge.html http://ww2010.atmos.uiuc.edu/(Gh)/gui des/mtr/cld/dvlp/cnvrg.rxml
- 5. Localized Convective Lifting Unequal heating Pockets warming Particles rising called Thermals http://www.richhoffmanclass.com/chapter 4.html
- 6. Stability Stabile air stays Unstable air rises Clouds will not form there is unstable air http://keithrogershome.com/Chap6Stabili tyInstability.html
- 7. Condensation Saturated air It forms in dew, fog, or clouds Occurs when air reaches dew point http://apollo.lsc.vsc.edu/classes/idm3020 /tut_folder/nick_tutorial/ http://www.scottslum ber.com/services/win dow-condensation- are-my-windows- defective/ http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos /hydro.htm
- 8. Types of Clouds Cirrus clouds wispy, slim, and high clouds Cumulus clouds round, individual air masses middle and low altitude Classified on the basis of formation and height http://eo.ucar.edu/webweather/cloud3.ht ml
- 9. High Clouds Cirrus, cirrostratus, and cirrocumulus clouds Slim, whitish clouds Made of ice crystals Cirrus clouds are sometimes followed by a storm http://www.weatherreport.com/Local- weather-forecasts-Cloud-Reading.asp http://eo.ucar.edu/kids/sky/clouds3.htm
- 10. Middle Clouds Altocumulus clouds 2,000 to 6,000 meters high Big dense curved clouds http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Altocum ulus_clouds2_-_NOAA.jpg http://www.ifimages.com/public/imag 39051/view.html http://www.our-earth.net/Altocumulus- Clouds.asp
- 11. Low Clouds Stratus, stratocumulus, nimbostratus clouds Sometimes includes light precipitation Fog like layer http://urbanext.illinois.edu/kalani/18.cfm http://www.windows2universe.org/earth/ Atmosphere/clouds/stratocumulus.html
- 12. Clouds of Vertical Development The category where that clouds don’t fit Low elevation range Sometimes ascend up to mid and high altitudes http://www.free-online-private-pilot- ground-school.com/Aviation-Weather- Principles.html
- 13. Fog Similar to a cloud A cloud with its base at or near the ground The denser the tougher to see http://www.brainharmonycenter.com/brai n-fog.html http://outofthefog.net/
- 14. Cold Cloud Precipitation Two physical processes Suppercooling- when precipitation freezes when it touches a solid surface Supper saturated – when relative humidity surpasses 100% https://www.meted.ucar.edu/sign_in.php ?go_back_to=http%253A%252F%252Fww w.meted.ucar.edu%252Fhydro%252Fbasic _int%252Fflash_flood%252Fnavmenu.php %253Ftab%253D1%2526page%253D2.2.2
- 15. Warm Cloud Precipitation Collision-coalescence process makes rainwater Salt particles absorb water vapor taking it out of the air Often big droplets form. https://www.meted.ucar.edu/sign_in.php ?go_back_to=http%253A%252F%252Fww w.meted.ucar.edu%252Fhydro%252Fbasic _int%252Fflash_flood%252Fnavmenu.php %253Ftab%253D1%2526page%253D2.2.2
- 16. Rain and Snow Rain means water that falls from a cloud Snow made of individual crystals http://aumusiclibrary.wordpress.com/201 1/02/28/rain-helens-picks-for-a-rainy- afternoon/ http://blog.thomaslaupstad.com/2008/01 /09/picture-of-snow-falling-and-a-lonely- tree-in-northern-norway/
- 17. Sleet, Glaze and Hail Sleet- The fall of small translucent ice partials Glaze- Raindrops becoming supercolled as they fall through subfreezing air near the ground Hail- Water vapor that go through a processes of freezing then pushed up making it bigger every time it goes through http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for- kids/0117-sleet.php http://strangefunnyworld.com/amazing- hail-the-size-of-baseballs-and-the- http://www.kidsgeo.com/geography-for- kids/0118-freezing-rain.php