The document discusses speech codecs and wireless local loop (WLL) systems. It explains that speech codecs aim to reduce bit rates while maintaining quality in order to accommodate more speech channels within the same transmission bandwidth. This is possible due to redundancies in human speech and the perceptual limits of the human ear. Lower bit rate codecs are more complex, introduce more delay but are also cheaper. Codec performance is evaluated based on metrics like bit rate, quality and complexity. WLL systems use cells and sectors to serve subscribers via base stations within a given bandwidth. Codecs play a key role in improving the capacity of these systems.
Applications of information theory in communication engineeringAbdul Razaq
this presentation describe source coding and channel coding
with error detection and correction technique and defines information theory and coding theory..abdul razaque
This includes Digital signal data transmission, Base band and band pass transmission. Also detailed with PAM, PPM, PWM, PCM, DPCM, DM, ADM, ASK, PSK, FSK.
Applications of information theory in communication engineeringAbdul Razaq
this presentation describe source coding and channel coding
with error detection and correction technique and defines information theory and coding theory..abdul razaque
This includes Digital signal data transmission, Base band and band pass transmission. Also detailed with PAM, PPM, PWM, PCM, DPCM, DM, ADM, ASK, PSK, FSK.
Interest towards speech coding & standardization:
– World wide growth in communication networks
– Emergence of new multimedia applications
– Advances in Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI)
devices
• Standardization
– International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
– European Telecom. Standards Institute (ETSI)
– International Standards Organization (ISO)
– Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA), NA
– R&D Center for Radio systems (RCR), Japan
Frequency hoping
Signal broadcast over seemingly random series of frequencies
Direct Sequence
Each bit is represented by multiple bits in transmitted signal
Chipping code
Wireless digital communication and coding techniques newClyde Lettsome
Lecture about some modern digital communication techniques in this lecture. These techniques will include but are not limited to:
- Code Error Detection and correction
- Parity
- Cyclical Redundancy Coding (CRC)
- Hamming Code
- Digital Modulation Techniques
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
- Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
- Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
- Channel Access
- Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
- Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
A general overview of signal encoding
You will learn why to use digital encoding, how signal is transmitted and received and how analog signals are converted to digital
Some digital encoding methods
A presentation prepared by my friend's friend. I have done no editing at all, I'm just uploading the presentation as it is.
Digital
to
Digital
Encoding Lack of Synchronization
Unipolar encoding uses only one
voltage level.
In a unipolar scheme, all the
signal levels are on one side of
the time axis, either above
or below.
Interest towards speech coding & standardization:
– World wide growth in communication networks
– Emergence of new multimedia applications
– Advances in Very Large-Scale Integration (VLSI)
devices
• Standardization
– International Telecommunications Union (ITU)
– European Telecom. Standards Institute (ETSI)
– International Standards Organization (ISO)
– Telecommunication Industry Association (TIA), NA
– R&D Center for Radio systems (RCR), Japan
Frequency hoping
Signal broadcast over seemingly random series of frequencies
Direct Sequence
Each bit is represented by multiple bits in transmitted signal
Chipping code
Wireless digital communication and coding techniques newClyde Lettsome
Lecture about some modern digital communication techniques in this lecture. These techniques will include but are not limited to:
- Code Error Detection and correction
- Parity
- Cyclical Redundancy Coding (CRC)
- Hamming Code
- Digital Modulation Techniques
- Frequency Shift Keying (FSK)
- Binary Phase Shift Keying (BPSK)
- Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK)
- Channel Access
- Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA)
- Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA)
A general overview of signal encoding
You will learn why to use digital encoding, how signal is transmitted and received and how analog signals are converted to digital
Some digital encoding methods
A presentation prepared by my friend's friend. I have done no editing at all, I'm just uploading the presentation as it is.
Digital
to
Digital
Encoding Lack of Synchronization
Unipolar encoding uses only one
voltage level.
In a unipolar scheme, all the
signal levels are on one side of
the time axis, either above
or below.
Topics covered in this presentation:
1. RF spectrum and GSM specifications
2. FDMA and TDMA
3. Digital Voice Transmission
4. Channel coding, Interleaving and Burst formatting
5. GMSK
6. Frame structure of GSM
7. Corrective actions against multipath fading
This documents will cover basic LTE principles along with some brief impression about LTE features. Additionally, LTE Link Budget, LTE Coverage & Capacity Planning and Cell Radius calculation methodology have been depicted comprehensively in this document.
Overview of VoIP (Voice over IP) and FoIP (Fax over IP) technologies like Session Initiation Protocol and H.323.
Even though voice over IP (VoIP) was hailed as a technological innovation, the idea to transport real-time traffic over TCP/IP networks was not new back in the 1990s when VoIP started being deployed in networks. Chapter 2.5 of the venerable RFC793 (TCP) shows both data oriented application traffic as well as voice being transported over IP based networks.
Nevertheless, VoIP puts high demands on signal and protocol processing capabilities so it became possible at reasonable costs only in the 1990s.
VoIP can be roughly split into two main functions. Signaling protocols like SIP (Session Initiation Protocol), H.323 and MGCP/H.248 are used to establish a conference session and the data path for transporting real-time voice data packets. SIP has largely supplanted H.323 in recent years to its simpler structure and packet sequences. MGCP and H.248 are mostly used in carrier backbone networks.
Protocols like RTP (Real Time Protocol) transport voice packets and provide the necessary information for receivers to equalize packet flow variations to provide a smooth playback of the original voice signal.
Voice codecs are one of the core functions of the data path. Voice compression reduces the bandwidth required to transport voice over an IP based network. Compression may be less of a concern in local area networks with gigabit speeds, on slower links like 3G (UMTS, LTE) it still makes a lot of sense.
The algorithms used in different codecs make use of various characteristics of the characteristics of human speech recognition. Redundant information is removed from the signals thus slightly reducing the quality, but greatly reducing the required bandwidth.
In VoIP networks, the echo problem is typically compounded by the increased delay incurred by packetization of voice signals. To counteract the echo problem, VoIP gear (hard phones, soft phones, gateways) include echo cancelers to remove echo signals from the transmit signal.
To transport facsimile over an IP based network, even more technology is needed. Facsimile protocols are very susceptible to delay and delay variation and thus need more compensation algorithms. Protocols like T.38 terminate facsimile protocols like T.30 (analog facsimile) and transport the fax images as digitized pictures over IP based networks.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Slack (or Teams) Automation for Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Soluti...Jeffrey Haguewood
Sidekick Solutions uses Bonterra Impact Management (fka Social Solutions Apricot) and automation solutions to integrate data for business workflows.
We believe integration and automation are essential to user experience and the promise of efficient work through technology. Automation is the critical ingredient to realizing that full vision. We develop integration products and services for Bonterra Case Management software to support the deployment of automations for a variety of use cases.
This video focuses on the notifications, alerts, and approval requests using Slack for Bonterra Impact Management. The solutions covered in this webinar can also be deployed for Microsoft Teams.
Interested in deploying notification automations for Bonterra Impact Management? Contact us at sales@sidekicksolutionsllc.com to discuss next steps.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Essentials of Automations: Optimizing FME Workflows with ParametersSafe Software
Are you looking to streamline your workflows and boost your projects’ efficiency? Do you find yourself searching for ways to add flexibility and control over your FME workflows? If so, you’re in the right place.
Join us for an insightful dive into the world of FME parameters, a critical element in optimizing workflow efficiency. This webinar marks the beginning of our three-part “Essentials of Automation” series. This first webinar is designed to equip you with the knowledge and skills to utilize parameters effectively: enhancing the flexibility, maintainability, and user control of your FME projects.
Here’s what you’ll gain:
- Essentials of FME Parameters: Understand the pivotal role of parameters, including Reader/Writer, Transformer, User, and FME Flow categories. Discover how they are the key to unlocking automation and optimization within your workflows.
- Practical Applications in FME Form: Delve into key user parameter types including choice, connections, and file URLs. Allow users to control how a workflow runs, making your workflows more reusable. Learn to import values and deliver the best user experience for your workflows while enhancing accuracy.
- Optimization Strategies in FME Flow: Explore the creation and strategic deployment of parameters in FME Flow, including the use of deployment and geometry parameters, to maximize workflow efficiency.
- Pro Tips for Success: Gain insights on parameterizing connections and leveraging new features like Conditional Visibility for clarity and simplicity.
We’ll wrap up with a glimpse into future webinars, followed by a Q&A session to address your specific questions surrounding this topic.
Don’t miss this opportunity to elevate your FME expertise and drive your projects to new heights of efficiency.
Generating a custom Ruby SDK for your web service or Rails API using Smithyg2nightmarescribd
Have you ever wanted a Ruby client API to communicate with your web service? Smithy is a protocol-agnostic language for defining services and SDKs. Smithy Ruby is an implementation of Smithy that generates a Ruby SDK using a Smithy model. In this talk, we will explore Smithy and Smithy Ruby to learn how to generate custom feature-rich SDKs that can communicate with any web service, such as a Rails JSON API.
Epistemic Interaction - tuning interfaces to provide information for AI supportAlan Dix
Paper presented at SYNERGY workshop at AVI 2024, Genoa, Italy. 3rd June 2024
https://alandix.com/academic/papers/synergy2024-epistemic/
As machine learning integrates deeper into human-computer interactions, the concept of epistemic interaction emerges, aiming to refine these interactions to enhance system adaptability. This approach encourages minor, intentional adjustments in user behaviour to enrich the data available for system learning. This paper introduces epistemic interaction within the context of human-system communication, illustrating how deliberate interaction design can improve system understanding and adaptation. Through concrete examples, we demonstrate the potential of epistemic interaction to significantly advance human-computer interaction by leveraging intuitive human communication strategies to inform system design and functionality, offering a novel pathway for enriching user-system engagements.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 4DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 4. In this session, we will cover Test Manager overview along with SAP heatmap.
The UiPath Test Manager overview with SAP heatmap webinar offers a concise yet comprehensive exploration of the role of a Test Manager within SAP environments, coupled with the utilization of heatmaps for effective testing strategies.
Participants will gain insights into the responsibilities, challenges, and best practices associated with test management in SAP projects. Additionally, the webinar delves into the significance of heatmaps as a visual aid for identifying testing priorities, areas of risk, and resource allocation within SAP landscapes. Through this session, attendees can expect to enhance their understanding of test management principles while learning practical approaches to optimize testing processes in SAP environments using heatmap visualization techniques
What will you get from this session?
1. Insights into SAP testing best practices
2. Heatmap utilization for testing
3. Optimization of testing processes
4. Demo
Topics covered:
Execution from the test manager
Orchestrator execution result
Defect reporting
SAP heatmap example with demo
Speaker:
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
5. WHY TO REDUCE THE BIT RATE ? TO ACCOMMODATE MORE INDIVIDUAL SPEECH CHANNELS WITHIN THE SAME TRANSMISSION CHANNEL (MEDIA BW ) THE COST TO BE PAID ? SYSTEM CAPACITY COST REVENUE LIMITED (TRANSMISSION) CHANNEL BW
6. HOW COME IS IT POSSIBLE? IT IS POSSIBLE TO REDUCE THE BW WITHOUT MUCH COMPROMISE ON QUALITY
7.
8.
9. INTERMITTENT NATURE OF SPEECH SPEECH TRANSMISSION CHANNEL LIES INACTIVE (3) END PARTY DELAYS 25% FACTORS CONTRIBUTING INACTIVENESS (1) TALK / LISTEN NATURE OF A NORMAL TWO WAY TELEPHONIC CONVERSATION TRANSMISSION IN ONE DIRECTION IS FOR < 50% (2) PAUSES 33% SPEECH SPURTS 1.5 seconds
10. TLAF AVERAGE FRACTION OF THE TOTAL CONNECT TIME DROPS TO AS LOW AS 25 % = T elephone L oad A ctivity F actor = TLAF > 0.25 ITU THE CICUIT UTILISATION CAN BE IMPROVED BY DEMAND ASSIGNMENT OF THE CHANNEL
11.
12. THE DEVICE WHAT IS THE DEVICE…..? SPEECH CODECS
17. OBJECTIVE MEASURES 4 QUALITY CLASSES BROADCAST TOLL C OMMUNICATION SYNTHATIC >7 kHz >30 3.1 kHz >30 2-3 2-3 HIGH QUALITY RADIO/TV PSTN POORER BUT STILL INTELLIGIBLE WLL , MOBILE, MILITARY BW SNR HD % < 2 kb/s RECOGNIZABILITY LOST MACHINELIKE ROBOTICS
18. SUBJECTIVE MEASURES M.O.S. QUALITY LISTENING EFFORTS 5 EXCELLENT NO EFFORT REQUIRED 4 GOOD ATTENTION NECESSARY BUT NO APPRICIABLE EFFORT REQUAD 3 FAIR MODERATE EFFORT REQUAD 2 POOR CONSIDERABLE EFFORT REQUAD 1 BAD NO MEANING UNDERSTOOD WITH REASONABLE EFFORTS
19.
20. PARAMTERS AT A GIVEN BIT RATE , SPEECH QUALITY CAN BE IMPROVED BY ------------- THE COMPLEXITY OF THE ALGORITHM & -------------THE DELAY. INCREASE IN INCREASING
26. EXAMPLES RELP VSAT 16kb/s RESIDUAL EXCITED LINEAR PREDICTIVE RPE-LTP GSM 13.6 kb/s REGULAR PULSE EXCITED LONG TERM PREDICTIVE
27. TUTORIAL (1) WILL - IS IT A FACILITY TO THE SUBSCRIBER JUST LIKE CELLPHONE? OR A TOOL FOR THE OPERATORS ? (2)DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WLL & WILL IS-- (3)GIVE THREE MAJOR DIFFERENCES BETWEEN MICRO & MACRO CELL WILL (4) GIVE THREE EXAMPLES OF EACH
28. TUTORIAL (5) WHAT DO YOU MEAN BY “ CELL ” IN WILL? (6) WHY CELLS ARE REQUIRED IN A WILL SYSTEM ? (7) ON WHAT FACTORS DOES THE CELL SIZE DEPEND? HOW TO DOUBLE THE CELL SIZE ? (8) WHY TO FURTHER DIVIDE THE CELL INTO SECTORS ?
29. TUTORIAL (9) CALCULATE HOW MANY SUBSCRIBERS CAN BE SERVED BY ONE BS/ CELL ASSUMING FOLLOWING DATA SIX SECTORS PER CELL WITH 10 RF 1.25 MHz BW CHANNELS IN EACH SECTOR 0.1 Erlg TRAFFIC PER SUBSCRIBER & 20 TO 40 ACTIVE LINES PER RF CHANNEL
30. TUTORIAL (10) DRAW FUNTIONAL SCHEMATIC BLOCK DIGRAM OF - DECT SYSTEM ARCHITECTURE - CDMA ””””””””””””””””” (11) IN DECT HOW DIFFERENT TONES (eg dial tone , NU tone) ARE SENT FROM CBS TO SE
31. TUTORIAL (12) WHAT IS THE BANDWIDTH / BIT RATE (kbps) PER SUBSCRIBER IN CDMA AND DECT and HOW IS IT ACHIEVED ? (13)WHAT ROLE THE SPEECH CODECS PLAY IN INCREASING THE SYSTEM CAPACITY IN A WLL SYSTEM? (14) SPEECH CODECS CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS ------
32. TUTORIAL (15) DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN 1G AND 2G SYSTEMS OF MOBILE SERVICES . (16) HOW MANY BS AND SUBSCRIBERS CAN BE SERVED BY ONE DIU ?
33. TUTORIAL FILL IN THE BLANKS (1).MAXIMUM TRAFFIC HANDLED BY ONE CBS (DECT) IS --- AT 1%BLOCKING AND THUS 1 CBS CAN SERVE --------SUBSCRIBERS IF 0.05 Erlg / SUBS. THE INFORMATION RATE IS ------kbps ie THE RATE OF ------SPEECH CODEC
34. TUTORIAL (2) DECT WLL TENDER COVERS ----CITIES WITH ----LINES IN TOTAL -----SUPPLIED BY --------------(HFCL/SHYAM/LG/LUCENT) & -----------BY ------------------(HFCL/SHYAM/LG/LUCENT).
35. TUTORIAL (3) IN VPT ------(CDMA/DECT) BASED WLL IS BEING INSTALLED WHICH IS OF ------(HFCL/SHYAM/LG/LUCENT) MAKE WITH ----(0/25/75/100 %)MOBILE AND ----(0/25/75/100 %)FIXED LINES ----------(68000 / 5 LAKH)LINES IN ALL
36. TUTORIAL (4) FWT (LG’S CDMA FOR VPT) HAS ------------(INBUILT / SEPARATE) BATTERY WITH-----(2 / 20 HOURS) TALK TIME--------(10/20 HOURS) CHARGE TIME USES -------(SOLAR / MAINS / EITHER) CHARGING . (5)THE DIFFERENCE BETWEEN WLL AND WILL IS THAT
37. TUTORIAL (1)Vocoder with lower bit rate & the same Quality speech will be MORE / LESS Complex , MORE /LESS expensive (cost) , will add LESS/ MORE Delay (2)M.O.S. should not be less than------------
38. TUTORIAL TRUE / FALSE (1)IN CDMA THE CELL SIZE CAN BE INCREASE TO ANY LEVEL JUST BY INCREASING THE BS POWER (2)GSM , CDMA & DAMS ARE EUROPIAN STANDARDS WHEREAS DECT , CT-2 & PHS ARE AMERICAN STANDARDS.
39. TUTORIAL TRUE / FALSE (3)GSM & DECT USE FDD WHEREAS DAMPS & CDMA USE TDD. (4)DAMPS IS CALLED DUAL MODE BECAUSE IT CAN WORK BOTH AS A MICRO-CELLULAR AS WELL AS A MACRO-CELLULAR WLL.
