The document contains questions and answers about LTE radio interface concepts. It discusses:
- How the UE is scheduled via the PDCCH containing DCI messages for uplink/downlink scheduling.
- That PDCP is located in the eNodeB and handles encryption, header compression, and reordering at handover.
- That a resource block occupies 12 subcarriers and one time slot of 0.5ms in the frequency and time domains.
In this paper, we discussed about LTE system throughput calculation for both TDD and FDD system.
3GPP LTE technology support both TDD and FDD multiplexing. The paper describes all the factors which affect the throughput like Bandwidth, Modulation, UE category and mulplexing. It also describes how we get throughput 300Mbps in DL and 75Mbps in UL and what are assumptions taken to calculate the same.
Paper describes the steps and formulae to calculate the throughput for FDD system for TDD Config 1 and Config 2.
The throughput calculations shown in this paper is theoretical and limited by the assumptions taken to calculate for calculations
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless
application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum
utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is
developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing
of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference.
In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM
and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER
curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
Abstract: The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference. In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB. Keywords - CC, CP, CR, OFDMA, PHY Layer, WRAN
Performance Improvement of IEEE 802.22 WRAN Physical LayerIOSR Journals
Abstract: The spectrum available for the wireless services is limited, the increased demand of wireless
application has put a lot of limitations on the utilization of available radio spectrum. For the efficient spectrum
utilization for wireless application IEEE 802.22 standard i.e. WRAN (Wireless Regional Area Network) is
developed which is based on cognitive radio technique that senses the free available spectrum. It allows sharing
of geographically unused channels allocated to the TV Broadcast Service, without interference.
In this paper we are evaluating the performance of WRAN over physical layer with QPSK, 16-QAM
and 64-QAM modulation with Convolution coding with code rate of 1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 and obtaining the BER
curves for rician channel. Simulation is performed in MATLAB.
Keywords - CC, CP, CR, OFDMA, PHY Layer, WRAN
Survey on scheduling and radio resources allocation in lteijngnjournal
This paper focuses on an essential task of the enhanced NodeB eNodeB element in LTE architecture, the
Radio Resource Manager RRM, which aims to accept or reject requests for connection to the network
based on some constraints and ensuring optimal distribution of radio resources between Users Equipments
UEs. Its main functionalities include Admission Control AC and Packet Scheduling PS.
This paper will center mainly on the PS part of the RRM task, which performs the radio resource
allocation in both uplink and downlink directions. Several approaches and algorithms have been proposed
in the literature to address this need (allocate resources efficiently), the diversity and multitude of
algorithms is related to the factors considered for the optimal management of radio resource, specifically,
the traffic type and the QoS (Quality of Service) requested by the UE.
In this article, an art’s state of the radio resource allocation strategies and a detailed study of several
scheduling algorithms proposed for LTE (uplink and downlink) are made. Therefore, we offer our
evaluation and criticism.
Engineer EMERSON EDUARDO RODRIGUES PRESENTA UNA NUEVA VERSION
THERE ONE NEW ONE PRESENTATION FOR 2G AND 3G ENGINEERING FOR LTE AND PSCORE ENGINEER
ITS VERY SUITABLE FOR YOUR RESEARCH AT ALL LEVELS OF RF ENGINEERING AND PS CS
Comparative study of various voip applications in 802.11 a wireless network s...ijmnct
Today, Voice over Wireless Local Area Network (VOWLAN) is the most accepted Internet application.
There are a large number of literatures regarding the performance of various WLAN networks. Most of
them focus on simulations and modeling, but there are also some experiments with real networks. This
paper explains the comparison of performance of two different VOIP (Voice over Internet Protocol)
applications over the same IEEE 802.11a wireless network. Radio link standard 802.11a have maximum
transmission rate of 54Mbps. First protocol is session initiation protocol (SIP) and second is H.323
protocol. First one has an agent called SIP proxy. Second have a gateway reflects the characteristics of a
Switched Circuit Network (SCN). With this comparison we have required to obtain a better understanding
of wireless network suitability for voice communication in IP network.
A review paper on the papr analysis of orthogonal frequency division multiple...ijmnct
OFDM (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiplexing) has been raised a new modulation technique. Due
to its advantages in multipath fading channel e.g. robust against ISI, ICI and some other advantages like
best QoS for multiple users, efficient usage of bandwidth it is suggested to be the modulation technique for
next generation 4G networks e.g. LTE. But along with all its advantages there are some disadvantages also
e.g. High PAPR (Peak to Average Power Ratio) at the transmitter end and BER (Bit Error Rate) at the
receiving end. Since OFDM is only used in the downlink of 4G networks. To reduce the problems of OFDM
some techniques e.g. SLM, PTS, Clipping, Coding, & Pre-coding etc are suggested but none of them is
reduce the PAPR and BER to an acceptable value. This Paper will discuss some techniques of PAPR &
BER reduction, and their advantages and disadvantages in detail.
GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using Deplo...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
How to Get CNIC Information System with Paksim Ga.pptxdanishmna97
Pakdata Cf is a groundbreaking system designed to streamline and facilitate access to CNIC information. This innovative platform leverages advanced technology to provide users with efficient and secure access to their CNIC details.
Alt. GDG Cloud Southlake #33: Boule & Rebala: Effective AppSec in SDLC using ...James Anderson
Effective Application Security in Software Delivery lifecycle using Deployment Firewall and DBOM
The modern software delivery process (or the CI/CD process) includes many tools, distributed teams, open-source code, and cloud platforms. Constant focus on speed to release software to market, along with the traditional slow and manual security checks has caused gaps in continuous security as an important piece in the software supply chain. Today organizations feel more susceptible to external and internal cyber threats due to the vast attack surface in their applications supply chain and the lack of end-to-end governance and risk management.
The software team must secure its software delivery process to avoid vulnerability and security breaches. This needs to be achieved with existing tool chains and without extensive rework of the delivery processes. This talk will present strategies and techniques for providing visibility into the true risk of the existing vulnerabilities, preventing the introduction of security issues in the software, resolving vulnerabilities in production environments quickly, and capturing the deployment bill of materials (DBOM).
Speakers:
Bob Boule
Robert Boule is a technology enthusiast with PASSION for technology and making things work along with a knack for helping others understand how things work. He comes with around 20 years of solution engineering experience in application security, software continuous delivery, and SaaS platforms. He is known for his dynamic presentations in CI/CD and application security integrated in software delivery lifecycle.
Gopinath Rebala
Gopinath Rebala is the CTO of OpsMx, where he has overall responsibility for the machine learning and data processing architectures for Secure Software Delivery. Gopi also has a strong connection with our customers, leading design and architecture for strategic implementations. Gopi is a frequent speaker and well-known leader in continuous delivery and integrating security into software delivery.
Building RAG with self-deployed Milvus vector database and Snowpark Container...Zilliz
This talk will give hands-on advice on building RAG applications with an open-source Milvus database deployed as a docker container. We will also introduce the integration of Milvus with Snowpark Container Services.
Dr. Sean Tan, Head of Data Science, Changi Airport Group
Discover how Changi Airport Group (CAG) leverages graph technologies and generative AI to revolutionize their search capabilities. This session delves into the unique search needs of CAG’s diverse passengers and customers, showcasing how graph data structures enhance the accuracy and relevance of AI-generated search results, mitigating the risk of “hallucinations” and improving the overall customer journey.
Removing Uninteresting Bytes in Software FuzzingAftab Hussain
Imagine a world where software fuzzing, the process of mutating bytes in test seeds to uncover hidden and erroneous program behaviors, becomes faster and more effective. A lot depends on the initial seeds, which can significantly dictate the trajectory of a fuzzing campaign, particularly in terms of how long it takes to uncover interesting behaviour in your code. We introduce DIAR, a technique designed to speedup fuzzing campaigns by pinpointing and eliminating those uninteresting bytes in the seeds. Picture this: instead of wasting valuable resources on meaningless mutations in large, bloated seeds, DIAR removes the unnecessary bytes, streamlining the entire process.
In this work, we equipped AFL, a popular fuzzer, with DIAR and examined two critical Linux libraries -- Libxml's xmllint, a tool for parsing xml documents, and Binutil's readelf, an essential debugging and security analysis command-line tool used to display detailed information about ELF (Executable and Linkable Format). Our preliminary results show that AFL+DIAR does not only discover new paths more quickly but also achieves higher coverage overall. This work thus showcases how starting with lean and optimized seeds can lead to faster, more comprehensive fuzzing campaigns -- and DIAR helps you find such seeds.
- These are slides of the talk given at IEEE International Conference on Software Testing Verification and Validation Workshop, ICSTW 2022.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 5DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 5. In this session, we will cover CI/CD with devops.
Topics covered:
CI/CD with in UiPath
End-to-end overview of CI/CD pipeline with Azure devops
Speaker:
Lyndsey Byblow, Test Suite Sales Engineer @ UiPath, Inc.
In the rapidly evolving landscape of technologies, XML continues to play a vital role in structuring, storing, and transporting data across diverse systems. The recent advancements in artificial intelligence (AI) present new methodologies for enhancing XML development workflows, introducing efficiency, automation, and intelligent capabilities. This presentation will outline the scope and perspective of utilizing AI in XML development. The potential benefits and the possible pitfalls will be highlighted, providing a balanced view of the subject.
We will explore the capabilities of AI in understanding XML markup languages and autonomously creating structured XML content. Additionally, we will examine the capacity of AI to enrich plain text with appropriate XML markup. Practical examples and methodological guidelines will be provided to elucidate how AI can be effectively prompted to interpret and generate accurate XML markup.
Further emphasis will be placed on the role of AI in developing XSLT, or schemas such as XSD and Schematron. We will address the techniques and strategies adopted to create prompts for generating code, explaining code, or refactoring the code, and the results achieved.
The discussion will extend to how AI can be used to transform XML content. In particular, the focus will be on the use of AI XPath extension functions in XSLT, Schematron, Schematron Quick Fixes, or for XML content refactoring.
The presentation aims to deliver a comprehensive overview of AI usage in XML development, providing attendees with the necessary knowledge to make informed decisions. Whether you’re at the early stages of adopting AI or considering integrating it in advanced XML development, this presentation will cover all levels of expertise.
By highlighting the potential advantages and challenges of integrating AI with XML development tools and languages, the presentation seeks to inspire thoughtful conversation around the future of XML development. We’ll not only delve into the technical aspects of AI-powered XML development but also discuss practical implications and possible future directions.
Securing your Kubernetes cluster_ a step-by-step guide to success !KatiaHIMEUR1
Today, after several years of existence, an extremely active community and an ultra-dynamic ecosystem, Kubernetes has established itself as the de facto standard in container orchestration. Thanks to a wide range of managed services, it has never been so easy to set up a ready-to-use Kubernetes cluster.
However, this ease of use means that the subject of security in Kubernetes is often left for later, or even neglected. This exposes companies to significant risks.
In this talk, I'll show you step-by-step how to secure your Kubernetes cluster for greater peace of mind and reliability.
Essentials of Automations: The Art of Triggers and Actions in FMESafe Software
In this second installment of our Essentials of Automations webinar series, we’ll explore the landscape of triggers and actions, guiding you through the nuances of authoring and adapting workspaces for seamless automations. Gain an understanding of the full spectrum of triggers and actions available in FME, empowering you to enhance your workspaces for efficient automation.
We’ll kick things off by showcasing the most commonly used event-based triggers, introducing you to various automation workflows like manual triggers, schedules, directory watchers, and more. Plus, see how these elements play out in real scenarios.
Whether you’re tweaking your current setup or building from the ground up, this session will arm you with the tools and insights needed to transform your FME usage into a powerhouse of productivity. Join us to discover effective strategies that simplify complex processes, enhancing your productivity and transforming your data management practices with FME. Let’s turn complexity into clarity and make your workspaces work wonders!
A tale of scale & speed: How the US Navy is enabling software delivery from l...sonjaschweigert1
Rapid and secure feature delivery is a goal across every application team and every branch of the DoD. The Navy’s DevSecOps platform, Party Barge, has achieved:
- Reduction in onboarding time from 5 weeks to 1 day
- Improved developer experience and productivity through actionable findings and reduction of false positives
- Maintenance of superior security standards and inherent policy enforcement with Authorization to Operate (ATO)
Development teams can ship efficiently and ensure applications are cyber ready for Navy Authorizing Officials (AOs). In this webinar, Sigma Defense and Anchore will give attendees a look behind the scenes and demo secure pipeline automation and security artifacts that speed up application ATO and time to production.
We will cover:
- How to remove silos in DevSecOps
- How to build efficient development pipeline roles and component templates
- How to deliver security artifacts that matter for ATO’s (SBOMs, vulnerability reports, and policy evidence)
- How to streamline operations with automated policy checks on container images
LF Energy Webinar: Electrical Grid Modelling and Simulation Through PowSyBl -...DanBrown980551
Do you want to learn how to model and simulate an electrical network from scratch in under an hour?
Then welcome to this PowSyBl workshop, hosted by Rte, the French Transmission System Operator (TSO)!
During the webinar, you will discover the PowSyBl ecosystem as well as handle and study an electrical network through an interactive Python notebook.
PowSyBl is an open source project hosted by LF Energy, which offers a comprehensive set of features for electrical grid modelling and simulation. Among other advanced features, PowSyBl provides:
- A fully editable and extendable library for grid component modelling;
- Visualization tools to display your network;
- Grid simulation tools, such as power flows, security analyses (with or without remedial actions) and sensitivity analyses;
The framework is mostly written in Java, with a Python binding so that Python developers can access PowSyBl functionalities as well.
What you will learn during the webinar:
- For beginners: discover PowSyBl's functionalities through a quick general presentation and the notebook, without needing any expert coding skills;
- For advanced developers: master the skills to efficiently apply PowSyBl functionalities to your real-world scenarios.
Maruthi Prithivirajan, Head of ASEAN & IN Solution Architecture, Neo4j
Get an inside look at the latest Neo4j innovations that enable relationship-driven intelligence at scale. Learn more about the newest cloud integrations and product enhancements that make Neo4j an essential choice for developers building apps with interconnected data and generative AI.
Threats to mobile devices are more prevalent and increasing in scope and complexity. Users of mobile devices desire to take full advantage of the features
available on those devices, but many of the features provide convenience and capability but sacrifice security. This best practices guide outlines steps the users can take to better protect personal devices and information.
National Security Agency - NSA mobile device best practices
Some questions and answers on lte radio interface
1. 1. Some questions and answers on LTE Radio Interface - Part1
1. How is the UE getting information that it is scheduled?
By reading the PDCCH (this is valid for both UL scheduling grants and DL scheduling
assignments).
PDCCH contains DCI(DL control information), which indicate 3 different messages:1. Uplink scheduling grants for PUSCH
2. Downlink scheduling assignment for PDSCH
3. TPC command for PUSCH and PUCCH
2. In which node is PDCP located and what are the tasks of that protocol?
PDCP is located in the eNodeB and handles encryption of user data streams and
reordering at handover.
Each radio bearer also uses one PDCP instance. PDCP is responsible for header
compression(ROHC Robust Header Compression) and ciphering/deciphering.
Obviously header compression makes sense for IP diagram's, but not for signalling.
Thus the PDCP entities for signalling radio bearers will usually do
ciphering/deciphering only.
3. What is a resource block?
A Resource Block (RB) is a time- and frequency resource that occupies 12
subcarriers (12x15 kHz = 180 kHz) and one slot
(= 0.5 ms). RBs are allocated in pairs by the scheduler (then referred to as
Scheduling Blocks).
2. 4. What are two radio interface solutions that increase the spectrum
efficiency ?
Higher order modulation:-LTE support all types of modulation schemes like QPSK,16
QAM, 64 QAM that results in high data rate
MIMO:- MIMO increase data rate by doubles in 2*2 and 4 folds in 4*4 case.
5. How large is a Resource Block?
12 subcarriers á 15 kHz = 180 kHz in frequency domain and one slot (0.5 ms) in
time domain
6. What is the smallest unit the scheduler can allocate? What is the name
of that unit?
Two consecutive Resource Blocks (RBs) which is called a Scheduling Block (SB). The
duration of it is 1 ms and its called TTI.
7. Why is the Cyclic Prefix (CP) needed?
In order to reduce the ISI (Inter Symbol Interference) and ICI (Inter Carrier
Interference) in time dispersive environments.
Insertion of cyclic prefix prior to transmission improves robustness in time-dispersive
channels and Spectral efficiency loss.The Length of cyclic prefix is 4.7microsec in
3. normal case.The CP is copy of the last part of the symbol in order to
preserve the subcarrier orthogonality. This is possible since the FFT is a cyclic
operation, but it is required that the time dispersion of the radio channel is shorter
than the CP length.
8. List some benefits and drawbacks of OFDM
Benefits: flexible bandwidth usage, frequency diversity, robust against time
dispersion, easy to implement
Drawbacks: Sensitive to frequency errors, high PAPR, introduces overhead (CP)
9. On which physical channel is the MIB sent? On which channel is the
SIBs sent?
MIB is sent on PBCH and SIBs on the PDSCH.
MIB(Master information block) is static part of SI is transmitted on the BCH, which in
turn is carried by PBCH. Its transmission period is 40ms.
The MIB contains e.g. number of antennas, system bandwidth, PHICH configuration,
transmitted power and scheduling information on how the SIBs are scheduled
together with other data on DL-SCH.
10. How can the uplink be orthogonal within a LTE-cell when WCDMA is
not?
4. The resources within a cell are never allocated on the same frequency at the same
time in UL (in DL when spatial multiplexing is used resources can be allocated
simultaneously at the same frequency on different layers).
Similar Threads:
o
o
o
o
o
Some questions and answers on LTE Radio Interface - Part2
GSM Questions and Answers 3
GSM Questions and Answers 3
GSM Questions and Answers 2
GSM Questions and Answers
Last edited by alpha1; 07-04-2012 at 08:25 PM.
1. Some questions and answers on LTE Radio Interface - Part2
1. Which protocol is responsible for Scheduling of user data and HARQ?
MAC
A Medium Access Control (MAC) Hybrid Automatic Repeat reQuest (HARQ)
layer with fast feedback provides a means for quickly correcting most errors from
the radio channel. To achieve low delay and efficient use of radio resources, the
HARQ operates with a native error rate which is sufficient only for services with
moderate error rate requirements such as for instance VoIP. Lower error rates are
achieved by letting an
outer Automatic Repeat reQuest (ARQ) layer in the eNB handle the HARQ errors.
5. 2. Which protocol is responsible for ciphering of user data?
PDCP
The PDCP protocol maps the EPS bearer onto the E-UTRA Radio Bearer and
performs Robust Header Compression (ROHC).NAS messages are protected
using the ciphering and integrity protection services provided by the PDCP layer.
The Packet Data Convergence Protocol supports the following functions:
• Header compression and decompression of IP data flows using the ROHC (Robust
Header Compression) protocol, at the transmitting and receiving entity, respectively.
• transfer of data (user plane or control plane). This function is used for conveyance
of data between users of PDCP services.
• maintenance of PDCP sequence numbers for radio bearers for radio bearers
mapped on RLC acknowledged mode.
• in-sequence delivery of upper layer PDUs at Handover
• duplicate elimination of lower layer SDUs at Handover for radio bearers mapped on
RLC acknowledged mode
• ciphering and deciphering of user plane data and control plane data
• integrity protection of control plane data
• timer based discard
6. 3. How does the frequency domain structure differ in UL compared to DL?
In UL the frequency allocation must be continuous in order to preserve the single
carrier properties. This is not the case in DL, where non-contiguous resource blocks
be be allocated to the same user.
4. How much can the data rate be increased with 2x2 MIMO compared to
a solution without MIMO?
Up to two times
With MIMO, multiple antennas and advanced signal processing such as spatial
multiplexing, the radio channel can be separated into several
layers, or “data pipes”. Up to four layers can be utilized. This corresponds to up to
four times higher data rates for a given bandwidth.
5. Explain the concepts of channel rank, layers, data rate multiplication
and codebook.
The radio channel properties decide the maximum channel rank that can be used,
i.e. how many layers the channel support at the moment. The number of layers that
can be transmitted over the radio channel is equal to the data rate multiplication
(e.g. two layers give two times the data rate compared to a solution without MIMO).
The complex weights that are applied at each antenna port are selected from a finite
codebook. The codebook index is suggested and indicated by the UE.
6. How HARQ works?
Multiple simple stop-and-wait ARQ processes are processed by the HARQ entity in
the MAC protocol. The operation is very fast and has a short round-trip-time thanks
to the short TTI and the fact that it is located in the eNodeB, close to the radio
interface. Feedback from the receiver is sent in terms of short ACK/NACK messages.
7. How to calculate the maximum theoretical physical peak data rate in
LTE radio interface?
Each OFDM symbol contains, if 64-QAM is used, 6 bits per subcarrier (15kHz).
There are, if normal CP is used, 7 OFDM symbols
per slot. This ends up with 6*7 = 42 bits per slot. One slot is 0.5 ms which gives
us 42/0.5ms = 84kbps per sub-carrier.
If the full bandwidth, 20MHz, is used, there are 20MHz/15kHz=1333 sub-carriers.
However, only 1200 of these are used for user data. This corresponds to 100
resource blocks.
1200*84kbps = 100,8 Mbps.
7. With four MIMO layers, we should be able to achieve 403.2 Mbps of raw data rate
in the physical layer.
What about the user data rate? The data rates used for L1/L2 signaling, reference
signals, PBCH, SCH, layer 3 signaling and
protocol headers has to be subtracted from this figure. Then we end up with
approximately 320 Mbps of user data rate on RLC
level??
In UL we have approximately the same calculation, except that the gain from MIMO
cannot be included, since no SU-MIMO is used in
UL. Hence, approximately 80-100 Mbps of theoretical bitrate should be possible to
reach.
Also See below post on LTE Peak capacity calculation
Similar Threads:
o
o
o
o
o
GSM Questions and Answers 3
GSM Questions and Answers 3
GSM Questions and Answers 2
GSM Questions and Answers
Some questions and answers on LTE Radio Interface - Part1