This document provides information about letters of protest in the shipping industry. It begins with a general overview, defining a letter of protest as a statement describing events that occurred contrary to a master's efforts. It notes some common situations that warrant a letter of protest, such as cargo issues beyond a master's control. The document then provides templates for different types of letters of protest related to heavy weather, machinery issues, cargo discrepancies, and high hydrogen sulfide readings in cargo. It emphasizes that letters of protest are used to record issues but have no legal effect, serving primarily to defend a party's position.
Inspection/Survey/Surveillance/Inspector/Expediters/ Quality control/Testing/Certification/Marine Surveyors/ Superintendent at Anywhere & Countires
Inspection – Survey - expediting Services
Agriculture - Industry - Marine Control Inspection Group (AIM Control) Worldwide is an independent inspection group acting globally and providing a complete range of inspection, quality goods control, expediting, expediters, inspectors, surveyors, inspector and consulting services to trade and Agriculture, Industry & Marine as well as governmental buying organizations, contractors, ship-owners, . . .
AIM is Agriculture – Industry – Marine Control Inspection Group, which one of the world’s leading trade inspection, trade security and certification companies, operating in close to 100 countries.
Our surveyors, inspectors have always improved their knowledge and experience more than 20 years for meeting to of the clients with the best quality services.
ACTIVITIES:
Inspection, Survey, Inspectors, Surveyors, Consultant Services
Marine Survey, Supervision, Superintendent
Industry Expediting, expediters
Quality Goods Control Services
Laboratory Testing Services
Engineering Control & Inspection Services
Third Party Inspection, Expediting Services
Loss Adjuster Services
Appraisal & Valuation Services
Certification Services
Project Management
Engineering Consultant
Quality Assurance
Vendor inspection - Witness Services
Expediting Services
Scope of Inspection – Survey – expediting description in details is consisting of (but not limited):
Inspection – quality control – testing – certification (for Goods – Products, Agriculture fields)
Inspection – survey to products, goods, cargo
Third Party Inspection
Inspection – survey – audit to Factory, Mill
Inspection – survey – audit to Simple Factory
Inspection – survey audit to Extensive Factory
Inspection – survey to First Article
Pre Production Inspection
During Production Inspection/Survey
Production Monitoring / Supervision
Final Production Random Inspection
Pre-Shipment Inspection / Survey
Corporate Social Audit Inspection
C-TPIT Audit Inspection/Survey
Defect Sorting Services
Witness to the production
Inspection & supervision of goods loading/discharging
Tally of quantity
Testing of products & materials lab analysis aim to identify brand name, component
Inspection of weight, quantity, condition, quality, dimension, packing, marking & export / import cargo / tally
Testing – analysis in lab.
Certification services
• Expediting – inspection (for Industry – Marine field) :
Material inspection
W.P.S & P.Q.R review
Welder & Welding operator test
Welding Procedure Qualification Test
Heat Treatment Chart Review
N.D.E(RT, UT, MT, PT)
Visual Inspection
Dimensional Inspection
Assembly inspection
Pressure Test
Functional and Performance Test
Mechanical Running Test
Surface Preparation and Painting inspection
Packing Inspection
Field Installation and Maintenance Inspection
Progress Expediting
Review of Contract & Job Specification
Review & witness of a material testing and mill certificate
Prepare of WPQR & WPS and Welder qualification test.
Visual inspection of welding & dimension during fabrication and installation
Visual inspection of Surface Preparation for painting
Perform of pneumatic & hydro’ test
Supervisory Activities & Expedition for Shop Fabrication and Site Erection
Experience with Code and Rule: ASTM, AWS D1.1, ASME, ANSI, API, JIS, KS, SSPC, EMA.UOP and etc
Experience with ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Pressure Vessel Code
Marine Surveys:
Pre-Loading Inspection
Cargo Tank Inspection
Draft Survey/Inspection
Introduction to Floating Storage & Regasification Unit (FSRU)petroEDGE
Over the next 2 or 3 decades it is predicted that gas usage will grow at a much faster rate than oil and become the dominant energy source. Up to some 40% of gas comes from Offshore Fields. The transport of gas in the form of LNG is growing very fast – particularly for longer distance export routes. New offshore opportunities for gas production are being developed with the new technologies of Floating LNG (FLNG).
Inshore or Offshore FSRU’s provide safe, strategic and good location for the receiving terminals for LNG and provide the conversion of the methane from the liquid phase back to the gaseous phase to direct consumer usage.
This 2 day training course covers Gas and LNG activities – their Supply Chain from Onshore and Offshore Gas Fields to Market, with FSRU’s providing the last step by converting the LNG back to usable methane gas for local supply and use. Case Studies and videos will be used to illustrate lessons learned from past successful projects. A DVD of the powerpoint presentation and numerous Industry videos will be distributed with the lecture materials.
The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code is an amendment to the SOLAS Convention that establishes minimum security standards and procedures for ships and port facilities to detect and deter threats. It prescribes responsibilities for governments, shipping companies, shipboard personnel, and port/facility personnel. The Code outlines a standardized framework for evaluating risk at facilities of varying types and sizes, and identifies key security measures including vessel and facility security plans, ship and facility security officers, access controls, and monitoring of people and cargo. It aims to enable information collection and sharing to ensure adequate security measures are in place internationally.
The keel forms the backbone of the ship and contributes to longitudinal strength. Common keel types include the flat plate keel and bar keel. The hull uses frames, plate floors, and a keel plate to strengthen the structure. A double bottom creates extra strength and space for piping and tanks. Machinery is mounted on reinforced seats with the engine connected to brackets and lugs. The stern frame supports the rudder and propeller shaft. Additional structures like panting beams further reinforce the hull.
This document provides information about ship maneuvering, including terminology, forces, and concepts. It defines key ship parts like the bow, stem, and superstructure. It describes controllable forces from propellers, rudders, and mooring lines that can maneuver a ship. Uncontrollable forces from wind, current, and water depth are also discussed. The concept of the pivot point is explained, which is the point about which a ship rotates during maneuvers and is affected by factors like headway, speed, and tugs. Basic shiphandling theory on motion and Newton's laws is presented.
Port and Terminal Operations Management PPTzelalemdagne3
This document provides an overview of ports and related concepts. It discusses how ports serve as critical infrastructure for transporting freight and people internationally. Ports connect maritime transport with other modes of transport and enable trading, distribution, and logistics activities. The document then describes different types of ports based on their size, roles, functions, and classifications like network ports, transshipment ports, and feeder ports. It also covers topics like port planning, development, costs, investment, and operations from economic, engineering, and logistics perspectives.
Stuff about people falling overboard on a boat while on the water. Created for the US Navy by myself. They didnt like this one much either.
Man overboard is serious fucking business petty officer doebelin.
Inspection/Survey/Surveillance/Inspector/Expediters/ Quality control/Testing/Certification/Marine Surveyors/ Superintendent at Anywhere & Countires
Inspection – Survey - expediting Services
Agriculture - Industry - Marine Control Inspection Group (AIM Control) Worldwide is an independent inspection group acting globally and providing a complete range of inspection, quality goods control, expediting, expediters, inspectors, surveyors, inspector and consulting services to trade and Agriculture, Industry & Marine as well as governmental buying organizations, contractors, ship-owners, . . .
AIM is Agriculture – Industry – Marine Control Inspection Group, which one of the world’s leading trade inspection, trade security and certification companies, operating in close to 100 countries.
Our surveyors, inspectors have always improved their knowledge and experience more than 20 years for meeting to of the clients with the best quality services.
ACTIVITIES:
Inspection, Survey, Inspectors, Surveyors, Consultant Services
Marine Survey, Supervision, Superintendent
Industry Expediting, expediters
Quality Goods Control Services
Laboratory Testing Services
Engineering Control & Inspection Services
Third Party Inspection, Expediting Services
Loss Adjuster Services
Appraisal & Valuation Services
Certification Services
Project Management
Engineering Consultant
Quality Assurance
Vendor inspection - Witness Services
Expediting Services
Scope of Inspection – Survey – expediting description in details is consisting of (but not limited):
Inspection – quality control – testing – certification (for Goods – Products, Agriculture fields)
Inspection – survey to products, goods, cargo
Third Party Inspection
Inspection – survey – audit to Factory, Mill
Inspection – survey – audit to Simple Factory
Inspection – survey audit to Extensive Factory
Inspection – survey to First Article
Pre Production Inspection
During Production Inspection/Survey
Production Monitoring / Supervision
Final Production Random Inspection
Pre-Shipment Inspection / Survey
Corporate Social Audit Inspection
C-TPIT Audit Inspection/Survey
Defect Sorting Services
Witness to the production
Inspection & supervision of goods loading/discharging
Tally of quantity
Testing of products & materials lab analysis aim to identify brand name, component
Inspection of weight, quantity, condition, quality, dimension, packing, marking & export / import cargo / tally
Testing – analysis in lab.
Certification services
• Expediting – inspection (for Industry – Marine field) :
Material inspection
W.P.S & P.Q.R review
Welder & Welding operator test
Welding Procedure Qualification Test
Heat Treatment Chart Review
N.D.E(RT, UT, MT, PT)
Visual Inspection
Dimensional Inspection
Assembly inspection
Pressure Test
Functional and Performance Test
Mechanical Running Test
Surface Preparation and Painting inspection
Packing Inspection
Field Installation and Maintenance Inspection
Progress Expediting
Review of Contract & Job Specification
Review & witness of a material testing and mill certificate
Prepare of WPQR & WPS and Welder qualification test.
Visual inspection of welding & dimension during fabrication and installation
Visual inspection of Surface Preparation for painting
Perform of pneumatic & hydro’ test
Supervisory Activities & Expedition for Shop Fabrication and Site Erection
Experience with Code and Rule: ASTM, AWS D1.1, ASME, ANSI, API, JIS, KS, SSPC, EMA.UOP and etc
Experience with ASME Section VIII, Division 2 Pressure Vessel Code
Marine Surveys:
Pre-Loading Inspection
Cargo Tank Inspection
Draft Survey/Inspection
Introduction to Floating Storage & Regasification Unit (FSRU)petroEDGE
Over the next 2 or 3 decades it is predicted that gas usage will grow at a much faster rate than oil and become the dominant energy source. Up to some 40% of gas comes from Offshore Fields. The transport of gas in the form of LNG is growing very fast – particularly for longer distance export routes. New offshore opportunities for gas production are being developed with the new technologies of Floating LNG (FLNG).
Inshore or Offshore FSRU’s provide safe, strategic and good location for the receiving terminals for LNG and provide the conversion of the methane from the liquid phase back to the gaseous phase to direct consumer usage.
This 2 day training course covers Gas and LNG activities – their Supply Chain from Onshore and Offshore Gas Fields to Market, with FSRU’s providing the last step by converting the LNG back to usable methane gas for local supply and use. Case Studies and videos will be used to illustrate lessons learned from past successful projects. A DVD of the powerpoint presentation and numerous Industry videos will be distributed with the lecture materials.
The International Ship and Port Facility Security (ISPS) Code is an amendment to the SOLAS Convention that establishes minimum security standards and procedures for ships and port facilities to detect and deter threats. It prescribes responsibilities for governments, shipping companies, shipboard personnel, and port/facility personnel. The Code outlines a standardized framework for evaluating risk at facilities of varying types and sizes, and identifies key security measures including vessel and facility security plans, ship and facility security officers, access controls, and monitoring of people and cargo. It aims to enable information collection and sharing to ensure adequate security measures are in place internationally.
The keel forms the backbone of the ship and contributes to longitudinal strength. Common keel types include the flat plate keel and bar keel. The hull uses frames, plate floors, and a keel plate to strengthen the structure. A double bottom creates extra strength and space for piping and tanks. Machinery is mounted on reinforced seats with the engine connected to brackets and lugs. The stern frame supports the rudder and propeller shaft. Additional structures like panting beams further reinforce the hull.
This document provides information about ship maneuvering, including terminology, forces, and concepts. It defines key ship parts like the bow, stem, and superstructure. It describes controllable forces from propellers, rudders, and mooring lines that can maneuver a ship. Uncontrollable forces from wind, current, and water depth are also discussed. The concept of the pivot point is explained, which is the point about which a ship rotates during maneuvers and is affected by factors like headway, speed, and tugs. Basic shiphandling theory on motion and Newton's laws is presented.
Port and Terminal Operations Management PPTzelalemdagne3
This document provides an overview of ports and related concepts. It discusses how ports serve as critical infrastructure for transporting freight and people internationally. Ports connect maritime transport with other modes of transport and enable trading, distribution, and logistics activities. The document then describes different types of ports based on their size, roles, functions, and classifications like network ports, transshipment ports, and feeder ports. It also covers topics like port planning, development, costs, investment, and operations from economic, engineering, and logistics perspectives.
Stuff about people falling overboard on a boat while on the water. Created for the US Navy by myself. They didnt like this one much either.
Man overboard is serious fucking business petty officer doebelin.
This document summarizes the key provisions of MARPOL 73/78, the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships. It outlines the six annexes of MARPOL which cover pollution by oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form, sewage, garbage, and air pollution. For each annex, it provides details on entry into force date, prohibited discharge criteria, record keeping and equipment requirements such as oil filtering and sewage treatment systems.
The document discusses the International Safety Management (ISM) Code. It provides that the ISM Code was adopted by the IMO to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships. The objectives of the ISM Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevent human injury and environmental damage. The ISM Code establishes requirements for shipping companies to develop and implement a safety management system to ensure safe ship operations and environmental protection. It discusses requirements for the company's safety policy, designated person(s), master's responsibilities, resources and personnel, emergency preparedness procedures, and certification.
The document discusses regulations under MARPOL Annex I regarding prevention of pollution by oil from ships. It outlines requirements for ships to carry a Ship Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP) and Oil Record Book. Discharge of oil or oily mixtures is prohibited within special areas, except under certain conditions. The annex contains 11 chapters and 47 regulations governing oil pollution prevention.
The document discusses mooring operations for ships and outlines several important considerations. It notes that mooring operations require coordination between the forward team, aft team, and bridge personnel. Aspects that should be planned include the berth nature, available bollards, tide, windage, cargo operations, potential tug use, and mooring line order. A detailed briefing must inform all crew members involved prior to commencement. Safety precautions include use of PPE, supervision of inexperienced crew, and avoidance of snapback zones during operations.
This document discusses various types of chartering agreements in the shipping industry. It covers voyage charters, time charters, time charter on trip basis (TCT), contracts of affreightment (COA), and bareboat charters. For each type, it describes the key characteristics, costs, forms used, and differences between them. Voyage charters are for a single voyage, time charters are for a set period of time, TCT is a time charter for a single voyage, COA provides transport capacity over multiple years, and bareboat charters amount to a lease of the entire ship.
Common nautical terms used aboard ships include:
- Knot - a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. A knot is also a method of fastening line or rope.
- Draft - the depth of a ship below the waterline. Draft marks show the draft on the stern and stem.
- Berth - a mooring space for a vessel. Lines like head lines and spring lines are used to secure a ship in its berth.
- Bearing - a compass direction from one point to another, in degrees or compass points. Navigation relies on taking and plotting bearings.
This document discusses mooring operations and safety. It addresses hazards like snap back zones, improper work processes, and crew competence. It describes the purpose of mooring lines in controlling forces from wind, current, tides and passing ships. Guidelines are provided for effective use of lines and mooring equipment like bollards, rope stoppers, and winches. The importance of communication, preparation, and following procedures is emphasized to promote safety culture during mooring operations.
This document is a cargo fuel oil sale contract between a seller and buyer. It specifies the key terms of the contract including a one week validity period, delivery of 00,000 MT of fuel oil meeting certain quality standards to ports in Bandar Abbas and Mahshar by the specified delivery dates, title and risk transferring when the oil passes flanges into the buyer's storage, a payment structure requiring 100% advance payment, procedures for determining quantity and quality, and resolution of disputes through Singapore courts applying English commercial law. Force majeure clauses excuse delays or non-performance due to causes outside the parties' control such as war or natural disasters.
Chartering involves reserving a ship or transportation for others' use. Charterers employ shipbrokers to find ships to deliver cargo for an agreed freight rate. Shipbroking involves brokering between shipowners and charterers. Shipping agencies handle shipments and cargo on behalf of shipping companies, ensuring supplies and documentation are arranged. Key terms in chartering include charter parties recording rate, duration and terms; types of charters depending on cargo ownership; and delivery points affecting hire start times.
This document provides guidelines for safe bunkering practices. It outlines the key steps in planning, conducting, and concluding a bunkering operation. These include calculating bunker requirements, holding a briefing, ensuring safety equipment is available, slowly increasing pumping rates, monitoring the operation, checking vessel stability after bunkering, and collecting samples throughout and at the end of the process. The overall aim is to safely supply fuel to ships in a manner that prevents spills and protects crew safety.
This document discusses the effects of shallow and restricted water on ships, including increased sinkage, trim, and resistance. It describes how squat, the combined sinkage and trim effect, increases sharply with ship speed. Empirical formulas are provided to estimate squat in canals and unrestricted shallow water. The changes to wave patterns and resistance at various ship speeds relative to the critical wave speed are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of shiphandling theory and practices. It covers key topics such as laws of motion, controllable and uncontrollable forces acting on a ship, terminology, ground tackle, mooring, getting underway, single and twin screw characteristics, standard commands between the conning officer and helm, and maneuvering considerations. The document is intended to teach the essential information needed for shiphandling watches and operations.
MlC 2006 General Introduction and PreparationPrabhash Sinha
The document provides an overview of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006. It consolidates over 60 earlier International Labour Organization conventions related to seafarers' working conditions. The MLC 2006 sets minimum requirements for areas like employment, accommodations, health, and social security. It aims to provide consistent protection for seafarers globally and strengthen enforcement. Major provisions include complaint procedures, obligations for shipowners, and a requirement that countries apply the standards to foreign ships within their ports.
This document provides an overview of training on anti-piracy best practices for ship crews transiting high-risk areas. It covers definitions of piracy, common pirate tactics, recommended defensive measures before and during transit, procedures if attacked, and post-incident reporting. The training aims to educate crews on avoiding, deterring and handling piracy incidents through practices such as increased vigilance when off Somalia, using evasive maneuvers, locking down the ship, and contacting authorities after any attack. Contact details are also provided for organizations that can provide assistance in the event of pirate activity.
Port operation is affected by several key factors including berth allocation problems which deal with assigning space for vessels, tide levels which impact sea levels, weather conditions that involve temperature, wind and precipitation, equipment troubles that delay productivity, and manpower issues relating to worker health, attitude, deployment and management. Addressing these port problems can help lower consumer prices for imported goods and materials.
This document provides a revised draft of the model course on Officer in Charge of a Navigational Watch. The course was revised to more closely reflect the requirements of the 2010 Manila Amendments to the STCW Convention. The Sub-Committee is invited to review the draft course and take any appropriate action. The course aims to meet the mandatory minimum requirements for navigation, cargo handling and stowage, and controlling ship operations at the operational level. It outlines the entry standards, certification issued on completion, staffing requirements and teaching facilities needed.
MARPOL Annex VI aims to reduce air pollution from ships. It regulates emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and ozone depleting substances. The regulations establish emission control areas with more stringent standards for emissions of sulfur oxides and particulate matter. Ships must use low-sulfur fuel in these areas and meet emission limits for nitrogen oxides that become increasingly strict over time. Compliance is demonstrated through certification and testing of engines and fuels.
The ISPS Code is a comprehensive set of measures developed by the IMO to enhance maritime security. It was developed in response to terrorist attacks like 9/11 and the attack on the Limburg tanker. The ISPS Code has two parts - Part A which contains mandatory requirements for ships and port facilities, and Part B which contains guidance. Key elements of the ISPS Code include conducting vessel and facility security assessments to identify vulnerabilities, developing security plans, appointing security officers, controlling access to restricted areas, conducting drills and exercises, and setting security levels. Contracting governments are responsible for oversight of the ISPS Code and can authorize Recognized Security Organizations to assist with certain activities.
A ship's crew is divided into three main departments: the deck department oversees navigation and cargo operations; the engineering department maintains machinery and systems; and the steward's department is responsible for catering. Each department has a well-defined hierarchy and roles, from the captain and chief engineer down to more junior crew members, with areas of responsibility that are integral to the safe and efficient operation of the vessel.
A sea protest is a document presented by a ship's captain when extraordinary events occur that could damage the vessel or cargo and result in claims against the captain. The protest provides facts about what occurred without opinions. It is presented to relevant authorities like port authorities to note the events and reserve the right to claim damages. The protest should include details like the ship name, port of registry, voyage details, problem description clearing the captain of responsibility, and an affirmation that the report is true.
The master's immediate actions upon the vessel running aground include sounding alarms, stopping engines, accounting for crew, closing watertight doors, activating the ship's pollution plan, and assessing damage with the crew. The master would then report the incident, attempt to refloat the vessel if possible, and communicate details to the owner. Legally, the master should note a protest, possibly sign a salvage contract, and send a detailed report to the owner. Commercially, the master needs to minimize danger and pollution risks while determining if refloating is possible with tides or cargo adjustments.
This document summarizes the key provisions of MARPOL 73/78, the main international convention covering prevention of pollution of the marine environment by ships. It outlines the six annexes of MARPOL which cover pollution by oil, noxious liquid substances, harmful substances carried by sea in packaged form, sewage, garbage, and air pollution. For each annex, it provides details on entry into force date, prohibited discharge criteria, record keeping and equipment requirements such as oil filtering and sewage treatment systems.
The document discusses the International Safety Management (ISM) Code. It provides that the ISM Code was adopted by the IMO to provide an international standard for the safe management and operation of ships. The objectives of the ISM Code are to ensure safety at sea, prevent human injury and environmental damage. The ISM Code establishes requirements for shipping companies to develop and implement a safety management system to ensure safe ship operations and environmental protection. It discusses requirements for the company's safety policy, designated person(s), master's responsibilities, resources and personnel, emergency preparedness procedures, and certification.
The document discusses regulations under MARPOL Annex I regarding prevention of pollution by oil from ships. It outlines requirements for ships to carry a Ship Oil Pollution Emergency Plan (SOPEP) and Oil Record Book. Discharge of oil or oily mixtures is prohibited within special areas, except under certain conditions. The annex contains 11 chapters and 47 regulations governing oil pollution prevention.
The document discusses mooring operations for ships and outlines several important considerations. It notes that mooring operations require coordination between the forward team, aft team, and bridge personnel. Aspects that should be planned include the berth nature, available bollards, tide, windage, cargo operations, potential tug use, and mooring line order. A detailed briefing must inform all crew members involved prior to commencement. Safety precautions include use of PPE, supervision of inexperienced crew, and avoidance of snapback zones during operations.
This document discusses various types of chartering agreements in the shipping industry. It covers voyage charters, time charters, time charter on trip basis (TCT), contracts of affreightment (COA), and bareboat charters. For each type, it describes the key characteristics, costs, forms used, and differences between them. Voyage charters are for a single voyage, time charters are for a set period of time, TCT is a time charter for a single voyage, COA provides transport capacity over multiple years, and bareboat charters amount to a lease of the entire ship.
Common nautical terms used aboard ships include:
- Knot - a unit of speed equal to one nautical mile per hour. A knot is also a method of fastening line or rope.
- Draft - the depth of a ship below the waterline. Draft marks show the draft on the stern and stem.
- Berth - a mooring space for a vessel. Lines like head lines and spring lines are used to secure a ship in its berth.
- Bearing - a compass direction from one point to another, in degrees or compass points. Navigation relies on taking and plotting bearings.
This document discusses mooring operations and safety. It addresses hazards like snap back zones, improper work processes, and crew competence. It describes the purpose of mooring lines in controlling forces from wind, current, tides and passing ships. Guidelines are provided for effective use of lines and mooring equipment like bollards, rope stoppers, and winches. The importance of communication, preparation, and following procedures is emphasized to promote safety culture during mooring operations.
This document is a cargo fuel oil sale contract between a seller and buyer. It specifies the key terms of the contract including a one week validity period, delivery of 00,000 MT of fuel oil meeting certain quality standards to ports in Bandar Abbas and Mahshar by the specified delivery dates, title and risk transferring when the oil passes flanges into the buyer's storage, a payment structure requiring 100% advance payment, procedures for determining quantity and quality, and resolution of disputes through Singapore courts applying English commercial law. Force majeure clauses excuse delays or non-performance due to causes outside the parties' control such as war or natural disasters.
Chartering involves reserving a ship or transportation for others' use. Charterers employ shipbrokers to find ships to deliver cargo for an agreed freight rate. Shipbroking involves brokering between shipowners and charterers. Shipping agencies handle shipments and cargo on behalf of shipping companies, ensuring supplies and documentation are arranged. Key terms in chartering include charter parties recording rate, duration and terms; types of charters depending on cargo ownership; and delivery points affecting hire start times.
This document provides guidelines for safe bunkering practices. It outlines the key steps in planning, conducting, and concluding a bunkering operation. These include calculating bunker requirements, holding a briefing, ensuring safety equipment is available, slowly increasing pumping rates, monitoring the operation, checking vessel stability after bunkering, and collecting samples throughout and at the end of the process. The overall aim is to safely supply fuel to ships in a manner that prevents spills and protects crew safety.
This document discusses the effects of shallow and restricted water on ships, including increased sinkage, trim, and resistance. It describes how squat, the combined sinkage and trim effect, increases sharply with ship speed. Empirical formulas are provided to estimate squat in canals and unrestricted shallow water. The changes to wave patterns and resistance at various ship speeds relative to the critical wave speed are also summarized.
This document provides an overview of shiphandling theory and practices. It covers key topics such as laws of motion, controllable and uncontrollable forces acting on a ship, terminology, ground tackle, mooring, getting underway, single and twin screw characteristics, standard commands between the conning officer and helm, and maneuvering considerations. The document is intended to teach the essential information needed for shiphandling watches and operations.
MlC 2006 General Introduction and PreparationPrabhash Sinha
The document provides an overview of the Maritime Labour Convention 2006. It consolidates over 60 earlier International Labour Organization conventions related to seafarers' working conditions. The MLC 2006 sets minimum requirements for areas like employment, accommodations, health, and social security. It aims to provide consistent protection for seafarers globally and strengthen enforcement. Major provisions include complaint procedures, obligations for shipowners, and a requirement that countries apply the standards to foreign ships within their ports.
This document provides an overview of training on anti-piracy best practices for ship crews transiting high-risk areas. It covers definitions of piracy, common pirate tactics, recommended defensive measures before and during transit, procedures if attacked, and post-incident reporting. The training aims to educate crews on avoiding, deterring and handling piracy incidents through practices such as increased vigilance when off Somalia, using evasive maneuvers, locking down the ship, and contacting authorities after any attack. Contact details are also provided for organizations that can provide assistance in the event of pirate activity.
Port operation is affected by several key factors including berth allocation problems which deal with assigning space for vessels, tide levels which impact sea levels, weather conditions that involve temperature, wind and precipitation, equipment troubles that delay productivity, and manpower issues relating to worker health, attitude, deployment and management. Addressing these port problems can help lower consumer prices for imported goods and materials.
This document provides a revised draft of the model course on Officer in Charge of a Navigational Watch. The course was revised to more closely reflect the requirements of the 2010 Manila Amendments to the STCW Convention. The Sub-Committee is invited to review the draft course and take any appropriate action. The course aims to meet the mandatory minimum requirements for navigation, cargo handling and stowage, and controlling ship operations at the operational level. It outlines the entry standards, certification issued on completion, staffing requirements and teaching facilities needed.
MARPOL Annex VI aims to reduce air pollution from ships. It regulates emissions of sulfur oxides, nitrogen oxides, particulate matter, and ozone depleting substances. The regulations establish emission control areas with more stringent standards for emissions of sulfur oxides and particulate matter. Ships must use low-sulfur fuel in these areas and meet emission limits for nitrogen oxides that become increasingly strict over time. Compliance is demonstrated through certification and testing of engines and fuels.
The ISPS Code is a comprehensive set of measures developed by the IMO to enhance maritime security. It was developed in response to terrorist attacks like 9/11 and the attack on the Limburg tanker. The ISPS Code has two parts - Part A which contains mandatory requirements for ships and port facilities, and Part B which contains guidance. Key elements of the ISPS Code include conducting vessel and facility security assessments to identify vulnerabilities, developing security plans, appointing security officers, controlling access to restricted areas, conducting drills and exercises, and setting security levels. Contracting governments are responsible for oversight of the ISPS Code and can authorize Recognized Security Organizations to assist with certain activities.
A ship's crew is divided into three main departments: the deck department oversees navigation and cargo operations; the engineering department maintains machinery and systems; and the steward's department is responsible for catering. Each department has a well-defined hierarchy and roles, from the captain and chief engineer down to more junior crew members, with areas of responsibility that are integral to the safe and efficient operation of the vessel.
A sea protest is a document presented by a ship's captain when extraordinary events occur that could damage the vessel or cargo and result in claims against the captain. The protest provides facts about what occurred without opinions. It is presented to relevant authorities like port authorities to note the events and reserve the right to claim damages. The protest should include details like the ship name, port of registry, voyage details, problem description clearing the captain of responsibility, and an affirmation that the report is true.
The master's immediate actions upon the vessel running aground include sounding alarms, stopping engines, accounting for crew, closing watertight doors, activating the ship's pollution plan, and assessing damage with the crew. The master would then report the incident, attempt to refloat the vessel if possible, and communicate details to the owner. Legally, the master should note a protest, possibly sign a salvage contract, and send a detailed report to the owner. Commercially, the master needs to minimize danger and pollution risks while determining if refloating is possible with tides or cargo adjustments.
A ship is defined as a large floating vessel used to transport people and goods across water. There are various types of ships that serve different purposes. The document discusses legal definitions of what constitutes a ship according to precedents. Specifically, a fishing coble was ruled to be a ship whether propelled by oars or not, while a jet ski was not considered a ship given its physical characteristics and purpose. Understanding the legal definition of a ship is important for those working in shipping and maritime law.
A Compilation Of Case Digests For Transportation LawJustin Knight
This document contains summaries of 5 case digests related to maritime law:
1) Standard Oil Company v. Manuel Lopez Castelo - The ship owner is civilly liable for losses from cargo jettisoned by the captain during a storm.
2) Yu Con v. Ipil, Lauron, and Solamo - The ship owner and captain are liable for negligence when a passenger's money disappeared from the chartered boat.
3) Yangco v. Laserna - The ship owner and agent are not liable for damages when passengers died after the ship sank in a typhoon, as their liability is extinguished with the total loss of the vessel.
4) Chua Yek Hong v
Marine shipping insurance has existed since the late 17th century when sailors at Lloyd's coffee house in London would discuss insurance. Today, over 50,000 merchant ships internationally carry 90% of global trade. There are several reasons for requiring insurance, such as legal compliance, financial protection from losses, and protection from dangers at sea. Common types of marine insurance include cargo insurance, war risk policies, and insurance for ships under construction. Key parties in marine insurance are the carrier, charterer, consignee, and consignor. A bill of lading is a critical legal document that accompanies all shipments by sea.
Marine insurance protects parties involved in shipping from financial losses due to dangers at sea or accidents during transport. The document outlines the history and development of marine insurance since the 17th century. It describes key parties in shipping - carriers who own vessels, charters who find carriers, consignors who send shipments, and consignees who receive them. The bill of lading is the important legal document issued by carriers detailing a shipment. Different types of marine insurance policies cover vessels, cargo, and risks like war or piracy.
Marine insurance protects parties involved in shipping from financial losses. It covers risks like accidents, natural disasters, war, piracy and more. There are various types of marine insurance policies that cover vessels under construction, cargo, and increased ship values. Key parties in marine insurance are the carrier who owns the ship, the charterer who finds carriers, the consignee who receives the shipment, and the consignor who sends it. A bill of lading is a critical document that outlines shipping details and is required for claims of lost, damaged or delayed cargo.
Marine insurance protects parties involved in shipping goods by sea from various risks and liabilities. There are several types of marine insurance like cargo insurance, war risks insurance, and newbuilding risks insurance. Key parties involved in marine shipping include the carrier who owns the ship, the charterer who finds carriers for customers, the consignee who receives the shipment, and the consignor who sends the shipment. A bill of lading is an important legal document that is issued to the shipper and outlines important details of the shipment. Marine insurance claims for lost or damaged goods are governed by acts like the Carriage of Goods by Sea Act.
Transshipment involves transferring cargo from one carrier or vessel to another while in transit. It usually occurs at transport hubs. The document outlines the procedures for obtaining a transshipment permit, which involves lodging the permit application, submitting shipping documents, and paying bonds. It also discusses shipside permits that allow cargo to be discharged directly to lighters or barges, subject to conditions like remaining under guard. Reasons for transshipment include practical limitations that prevent any single carrier from serving all ports directly.
This document provides definitions for various shipping terms. It defines a bill of lading as a document serving as a receipt for cargo, proof of ownership, and evidence of terms of carriage. It also defines terms like air waybill, charter party, estimated time of arrival/departure, free in/out, and various other common shipping terms and abbreviations.
1. The document discusses strengths and weaknesses in maritime risk assessments. It notes that while risk assessments provide structure, they involve simplifications and limited data that affect accuracy.
2. Early risk management involved regulations like bans on winter sailing and strict ship loading rules, showing risk assessment is not new but has evolved.
3. Human factors are significant in accidents but difficult to assess, and models have limitations in estimating probabilities and consequences given changing conditions.
This document provides an overview of maritime practitioners and chartering markets. It discusses that shipping demand is derived from trade. The dry cargo market relies on a range of vessels for trades like iron ore, coal, grain and timber. Commonly used dry cargo charter parties are Baltime and NYPE, which favor shipowners and charterers, respectively. Time charters and voyage charters are described. Time charters require the owner to provide a ship and crew, while the charterer is responsible for cargo operations. Voyage charters cover a single voyage. The tanker market has separate crude oil and petroleum products trades. Crude oil trades are impacted by Middle East politics while product trades transport refined oils. Chemical carriers require clean
This document discusses the roles and responsibilities of a ship captain as a managerial employee. It summarizes a legal case involving the dismissal of a ship captain. The key points are:
1. A ship captain is considered a confidential and managerial employee with security of tenure under labor laws. As commander of the vessel, the captain acts as the CEO and has authority over vessel operations.
2. In this case, the ship captain was illegally dismissed without being informed of charges or given a chance to defend himself. There was evidence that the delay in sailing was due to mechanical issues, not misconduct by the captain.
3. Captains have reasonable discretion over vessel navigation and safety. Their judgment cannot be constrained if
There are two basic forms of charter depending on whether the vessel is chartered for a period of time (time charter) or for one or more voyages (voyage charter). In both, the ship owner retains control of the vessel and agrees to provide a carrying service. For a time charter, the ship owner agrees to place the vessel's carrying capacity at the charterer's disposal for a specified period. For a voyage charter, the ship owner undertakes to carry a cargo between specified points. Once cargo is loaded, a bill of lading is issued acting as a receipt for cargo and evidence of the carriage contract terms. Bills of lading can also act as negotiable documents of title allowing cargo ownership transfer while in
This document provides an overview of seaworthiness in maritime law and marine insurance. It discusses how seaworthiness involves the physical fitness of the vessel, competency of the crew, and necessary documentation. International conventions like the Hague Rules, Hamburg Rules, and Rotterdam Rules have established frameworks regarding a carrier's duty to ensure seaworthiness. Indian law on seaworthiness is largely based on colonial-era British legislation, though some principles from international conventions have been adopted. The document examines key concepts, theoretical frameworks, current legal positions, and relevant Indian laws on seaworthiness.
Inspection of cargo tanks for potential oil cargo discrepancy - carrying out internal tank transfer & purging operation detailed explanation by independent marine surveyors dubai- constellation marine
This document provides a checklist for ship crews to use to prepare for port state control inspections and reduce the risk of detention. It lists the most common deficiencies found during past inspections of ships classed by Lloyd's Register. The checklist covers items in the master's office, on the bridge, life-saving appliances, accommodation, the deck area, working spaces, and the engine room. It also provides guidance on factors that increase a ship's likelihood of being targeted for inspection. Using this checklist can help ensure documentation and equipment are in order before arriving at port.
The document discusses key concepts in maritime economics including scarcity, demand, supply, derived demand, and the factors that influence demand for shipping such as cargo volume, distance traveled, and ton-miles. It also outlines different types of ships, market participants, methods of ship employment including various chartering arrangements, and important shipping documents like bills of lading and how laytime is calculated.
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from a website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work.
Political Science Research Paper Outline. Free PoliticaKarla Adamson
False. Cultural relativism and moral relativism are not exactly the same. Cultural relativism is the view that cultural practices and beliefs should be understood based on the cultural context from which they arise rather than being judged against the standards of another culture. Moral relativism is the view that moral truths are relative to the culture or society holding them rather than being absolute. So cultural relativism focuses on understanding other cultures, while moral relativism focuses on whether moral claims can be objectively true or false.
Essay Professional Essay Writing Services And How TKarla Adamson
The document provides instructions for using an essay writing service called HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a full refund option for plagiarized work. The service aims to provide original, high-quality content through a bidding system and revision process.
Essay Writing Website Reviews - The Oscillation BandKarla Adamson
The document discusses two short stories by Nikolai Gogol, "The Nose" and "The Overcoat", that end with a balance of power rather than a happy ending. In "The Nose", a man's nose rises to a higher social rank than him before returning to his face. In "The Overcoat", a man's coat, a symbol of power, is stolen after he saves to buy a new one, leaving him powerless, though he later steals a coat from a man he feels is responsible. Both stories show the rise and fall of power before ending in a similar balance of power as the beginning.
003 Essay Example Grading Rubric Synthesisqkeythings Page ThatsnotusKarla Adamson
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied, and the work is guaranteed to be original.
List Of Scholarships 2021 - SchoolarshipKarla Adamson
This document provides instructions for completing a scholarship application process in 5 steps:
1. Create an account and provide login credentials.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, deadline, and attach a sample for writing style imitation.
3. Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications, history, and feedback, then pay a deposit to start the assignment.
4. Review the completed paper and authorize final payment if satisfied, or request revisions using the free revision policy.
5. Choose this service confidently knowing needs will be fully met, or receive a full refund if plagiarized.
BPG Indian Font This BPG Indian Font StylKarla Adamson
The document outlines 5 steps for requesting and receiving writing assistance from HelpWriting.net: 1) Create an account, 2) Complete an order form providing instructions and deadline, 3) Review bids from writers and select one, 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment, 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction and receive a refund if plagiarized.
A Friend In Need Is A Friend Indeed Essay English HandwritingKarla Adamson
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email, 2) Complete a form with assignment details and attach samples, 3) Review bids from writers and select one, 4) Receive the paper and authorize payment if satisfied, 5) Request revisions until fully satisfied and receive a refund if plagiarized.
What Is A Essay Map - Premier Unique School Writings And ServicesKarla Adamson
This document provides instructions for creating an account and submitting assignment requests on the HelpWriting.net website. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete an order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions until satisfied, with a refund option for plagiarism. The document promotes HelpWriting.net's writing services.
The document provides instructions for how to request and complete an assignment writing request through the HelpWriting.net website. It involves 5 steps: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a form with assignment details. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with refund available for plagiarism.
The characters of Romeo and Mercutio in Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet serve as foils to each other. While Romeo is a romantic lover who expresses his love through words, Mercutio is cynical about love and sees it as insignificant. He encourages Romeo to have casual sex instead of pursuing a serious relationship. Mercutio also seems jealous of Romeo's love for Juliet. The two characters present contrasting views of love and relationships that underscore major themes in the play.
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and choose one based on qualifications. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment if satisfied. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with refund available for plagiarized work.
The Top Ten Academic Writing Accounts (Both HarKarla Adamson
This document discusses the key steps to getting academic writing help from HelpWriting.net. It outlines the 5-step process: 1) Create an account with a password and email; 2) Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline; 3) Review writer bids and choose one based on qualifications; 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment; 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work. The process aims to match clients with qualified writers and provide original, high-quality content through revisions.
The document provides steps for requesting writing assistance from HelpWriting.net. It explains that users must first create an account, then complete a request form providing instructions and deadlines. Writers will bid on the request, and the user can choose a writer based on qualifications. The writer will complete the paper and users can request revisions until satisfied. HelpWriting.net promises original, high-quality work with refunds for plagiarism.
The document provides a 5-step guide to writing an essay with the help of the website HelpWriting.net:
1. Create an account with a password and email.
2. Complete a 10-minute order form providing instructions, sources, and deadline. Attach a sample work to imitate writing style.
3. Writers will bid on the request and the client will choose one based on qualifications, history, and feedback, placing a deposit to start.
4. Client reviews the paper and authorizes payment if pleased, or requests free revisions.
5. Client can request multiple revisions to ensure satisfaction, and the website guarantees original, high-quality work with refunds for plagiarism
The document discusses the enforcement of rules in American football by organizations like the NFL and NCAA. It notes that rules have gradually changed over the years to make the game safer and less violent. However, some argue this has made football too soft compared to the past. New rules like targeting bans certain tackles and leads to more penalties being called, which slows down defenses and reduces exciting big hits. While safety was the goal, some feel the rule changes have negatively impacted the game.
016 Essay Example Expository Prompts ThatKarla Adamson
The document discusses having seniors lead a risk management workshop at the start of the new school year to provide senior safety tips, as it is suggested as the programming idea of the month in the Risk Management Matters August newsletter. Seniors would share safety tips they have learned throughout their school career with younger students to help them avoid risks as they get older.
Buy Writing Paper For Kids Handwriting Practice PapeKarla Adamson
The document provides instructions for requesting writing assistance from the website HelpWriting.net. It outlines a 5-step process: 1) Create an account with an email and password. 2) Complete a 10-minute order form with instructions, sources, and deadline. 3) Review bids from writers and select one. 4) Review the completed paper and authorize payment. 5) Request revisions to ensure satisfaction, with a refund offered for plagiarized work. The process involves registration, order placement, writer selection, paper delivery, revisions, and a guarantee.
Top Online Essay Writing Help From Best Premium WritersKarla Adamson
1. The document discusses top online essay writing help from premium writers. It outlines a 5-step process for students to get writing assistance: create an account, submit a request form with instructions and deadline, review writer bids and qualifications, authorize payment after receiving a satisfactory paper, and request revisions if needed.
2. Writers use a bidding system, and students can request revisions to ensure satisfaction. The service promises original, high-quality work with refunds for plagiarism.
Great Writing 2 Great Paragraphs (EditionKarla Adamson
The passage discusses how the horror genre shifted in the late 1980s/early 1990s to portray serial killers as humans living among society rather than masked figures. This changed the "Final Girl" character, exemplified by Clarice Starling in Silence of the Lambs, who must face internal rather than external threats. By confronting more psychologically complex villains, these films explored how violence relates to sexuality in a way that still resonates with audiences today.
How to Fix the Import Error in the Odoo 17Celine George
An import error occurs when a program fails to import a module or library, disrupting its execution. In languages like Python, this issue arises when the specified module cannot be found or accessed, hindering the program's functionality. Resolving import errors is crucial for maintaining smooth software operation and uninterrupted development processes.
How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Setup Warehouse & Location in Odoo 17 InventoryCeline George
In this slide, we'll explore how to set up warehouses and locations in Odoo 17 Inventory. This will help us manage our stock effectively, track inventory levels, and streamline warehouse operations.
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering.pptxDenish Jangid
Chapter wise All Notes of First year Basic Civil Engineering
Syllabus
Chapter-1
Introduction to objective, scope and outcome the subject
Chapter 2
Introduction: Scope and Specialization of Civil Engineering, Role of civil Engineer in Society, Impact of infrastructural development on economy of country.
Chapter 3
Surveying: Object Principles & Types of Surveying; Site Plans, Plans & Maps; Scales & Unit of different Measurements.
Linear Measurements: Instruments used. Linear Measurement by Tape, Ranging out Survey Lines and overcoming Obstructions; Measurements on sloping ground; Tape corrections, conventional symbols. Angular Measurements: Instruments used; Introduction to Compass Surveying, Bearings and Longitude & Latitude of a Line, Introduction to total station.
Levelling: Instrument used Object of levelling, Methods of levelling in brief, and Contour maps.
Chapter 4
Buildings: Selection of site for Buildings, Layout of Building Plan, Types of buildings, Plinth area, carpet area, floor space index, Introduction to building byelaws, concept of sun light & ventilation. Components of Buildings & their functions, Basic concept of R.C.C., Introduction to types of foundation
Chapter 5
Transportation: Introduction to Transportation Engineering; Traffic and Road Safety: Types and Characteristics of Various Modes of Transportation; Various Road Traffic Signs, Causes of Accidents and Road Safety Measures.
Chapter 6
Environmental Engineering: Environmental Pollution, Environmental Acts and Regulations, Functional Concepts of Ecology, Basics of Species, Biodiversity, Ecosystem, Hydrological Cycle; Chemical Cycles: Carbon, Nitrogen & Phosphorus; Energy Flow in Ecosystems.
Water Pollution: Water Quality standards, Introduction to Treatment & Disposal of Waste Water. Reuse and Saving of Water, Rain Water Harvesting. Solid Waste Management: Classification of Solid Waste, Collection, Transportation and Disposal of Solid. Recycling of Solid Waste: Energy Recovery, Sanitary Landfill, On-Site Sanitation. Air & Noise Pollution: Primary and Secondary air pollutants, Harmful effects of Air Pollution, Control of Air Pollution. . Noise Pollution Harmful Effects of noise pollution, control of noise pollution, Global warming & Climate Change, Ozone depletion, Greenhouse effect
Text Books:
1. Palancharmy, Basic Civil Engineering, McGraw Hill publishers.
2. Satheesh Gopi, Basic Civil Engineering, Pearson Publishers.
3. Ketki Rangwala Dalal, Essentials of Civil Engineering, Charotar Publishing House.
4. BCP, Surveying volume 1
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
Leveraging Generative AI to Drive Nonprofit InnovationTechSoup
In this webinar, participants learned how to utilize Generative AI to streamline operations and elevate member engagement. Amazon Web Service experts provided a customer specific use cases and dived into low/no-code tools that are quick and easy to deploy through Amazon Web Service (AWS.)
हिंदी वर्णमाला पीपीटी, hindi alphabet PPT presentation, hindi varnamala PPT, Hindi Varnamala pdf, हिंदी स्वर, हिंदी व्यंजन, sikhiye hindi varnmala, dr. mulla adam ali, hindi language and literature, hindi alphabet with drawing, hindi alphabet pdf, hindi varnamala for childrens, hindi language, hindi varnamala practice for kids, https://www.drmullaadamali.com
1. 1. SEA PROTESTS
(Source: http://mariners.narod.ru/seaprotest.html )
Contents:
1. General notes
2. Statement of Sea Protest
3. Letter of protest due to cargo laded in bad or damaged condition
4. Cargo was damaged during or after discharging
5. Cargo quantity in dispute (non compliance of ship's and shore figures)
6. Cargo quantity unknown due to impossibility of checking
7. Bunkering - bad oil quality
8. Oil pollution while bunkering/oil transfere operations
GENERAL NOTES
During the course of a voyage if your vessel is or has experienced bad weather or any nature of extraordinary
events and you fear that damage or loss may be caused to your vessel and/or cargo you must prepare a Note Of
Protest and upon arrival and/or never after 24 hours having elapsed (not including holidays, Saturdays and
Sundays) have it notarized at Notary Public.
We would like to clarify this subject and give you the following instructions/information:
1/ ‘’Notes of Protest’’ should be made when and if you consider it of utmost importance and necessity, not
for the sake of doing so. If for example there is a possibility of a claim from another party to arise.
2/ If you suspect that damage has been caused to the vessel only (i.e. through heavy weather, touching bottom,
striking locks etc.) there is no need for a ‘’Note Of Protest’’ to be issued same could be stated on a ‘’Statement
of Facts’’.
3/ When writing such a ‘’Note Of Protest’’ bear in mind that you must stick to the FACTS and only, keeping it
as brief and as clear as possible. Same can be extended upon a later date if required. Also do not express any
opinions whatsoever. Such statement of opinions may and do often lead to unnecessary complications and/or
confusion in a later date.
Furthermore due to the fact that Notary Publics around the world use various types/forms for ‘’Notes of
Protest’’ it is quite difficult to admit/provide you with any standard form, we do however attach a most common
form which you may alter where necessary.
Thus in the case that ‘’Note of Protest’’ (or "Statement of Sea Protest) has been made and notarized
by Notary Public do not neglect to forward a copy to office at first convenient time.
IMPORTANT !
Be sure to make all appropriate entries in your ship's logbook
The first thing to remember is that a letter of protest, strictly speaking, is not a legal
document but a paper containing an account of the events or statement of facts, describing
current situation or consequences of some wrongful act or acts, which had happened usually
contrary to master’s or crew efforts.
For example, when during cargo operation something beyond the master’s control has gone
wrong and the master is unable to make it right, like interruption from shore side of loading
2. or discharging operation, neglect cargo handling, violation of safe working practice, etc.
Obviously, the said act or occurrence should be of such importance that master feels himself
obliged to bring it to attention of all parties concerned, either for some immediate action or
for future reference, but it still lacks of any legal effect being a document produced by one
side to defence its own position.
1. Note of Marine or Sea Protest
Note of sea protest
Xxx shipping company
Date ____
Port _____
To:1) port authority ,or
2 ) diplomatic representative ,or
3)notary public
Dear sirs ,
Name of ship : kind of cargo
GRT : Tons of cargo :
NRT : port of registry
My vessel sailed from port of ___on ____19xxx, bound for the port of ___and arrived at
the port of ___on ____19xx.
As fearing loss or damages to the vessel and cargoes owing to _______during the voyage , I
hereby note my protest against all losses, damages,etc and reserving my right to claim
against parties concerned and extend same at time and place convenient .(whenever
necessary)
I hereby affirm that report mentioned above is correCt and true,
Yours truly,
_________
Master’s sig
(ship’s stamp chopped here)
Witness on board:
3. NOTE OF PROTEST (US)
On this day of in the year One Thousand Nine Hundred and
personally appeared and presented himself before me Consul/Notary Public
, Master of the called the of Officia1 Number
and Tons Register, which sailed from on or about the day of
with a cargo of bound for and arrived at on the day of
and fearing loss of damage owing to he hereby notes his protest against
all losses, damages & etc., reserving right to extend the same at time and place convenient.
Signed before me (signed)
Consul Master
Notary Pub1ic at (signed)
this day of Two Thousand…..
I certify the foregoing to be a true and correct copy of the origina1 Note of Protest, entered
in the Acts of this Consulate and copied therefrom.
Consul Date
4. N O T E O F P R O T E S T (UK)
Be it hereby made known:
That on this the 15th day of February in the year of Our Lord,
Two Thousand and Four and personally appeared and presented himself in the office
of Attorneys and Notaries before me, John Mills ,
Notary Public, by the authority of Government, duly admitted and sworn, Henry J.
Smith , Master or Commander of the MV Greenhouse
which sailed on a voyage from Neaples on the 23rd day
January 20 laden with a full and complete cargo of furniture in containers
calling at Algeciras and Port of New York
and arrived at this Port on 15th day of February 2004 now lying within the
harbour. And the said Appearer did hereby declare to note his protest against all
perils, dangers, casualties and occurrences of all nature or kind whatsoever and all
loss or damage thereby occasioned, reserving to himself the right to extend the protest
in times and places convenient, and causing this minute of all singular the premises to
be entered in this register.
(Sgd)
Agents. Master.
QUAD ATTESTOR
Notary Public
5. N O T E O F P R O T E S T (general)
Notary Office:
Genoa, Italy
I , Master of the M/V under the flag of the
Republic of Croatia, owned by , Croatia, Gross Tonnage , Net.
Tonnage , sailed from Rijeka, Croatia on , to Genoa, Italy, via Venice,
Italy with a full load of bulk wheat of Tonnes.
During the voyage the vessel met with stormy weather and heavy seas, the
ship suffered rolling and pitching, heavily shipping water fore and aft and spraying
overall.
All precautions were taken to save the cargo and the ship but nevertheless,
fearing damage to the cargo during the bad weather, I state the present sea protest,
reserving the right to extend the same at the time and place convenient.
Master
Witnesses:
1. , Second Mate
2. , Chief Engineer,
3.
The Notary Office
6. NOTE OF PROTEST
I, ________ (name) Master Mariner and Commander of the M/V ______ (nationality of
vessel), of gross and _ net registered tons, under _ flag, registered at _ by Official
Number now laying at (anchor/berth No___ ) in the port of _ where she arrived on this day
of_ in the year 19 __, solemnly declare that, On the (date) the said vessel, being tight,
staunch and substantially and sufficiently manned and furnished with everything necessary for
such a vessel and intended voyage, in every respect seaworthy, her engine and machinery in
good order, her loaded cargo properly stowed, sailed from the port of _ laden with a cargo of
_ (tons) of _ (name of cargo) in bulk, for delivery at this port (or at port of _______) unto
Messrs _ (Cargo Receivers), and that, During the prosecution of the said voyage and on the
date (here describe the accident, machinery breakdown, or heavy weather). (example of
heavy weather:) "on the dates of the vessel encountered heavy weather with winds of
force_ and heavy seas which caused her to roll, pitch, labor and strain heavily, and waves
breaking on the decks, in consideration of which fearing loss or damage to the vessel and her
cargo, even though the ship's course and speed were altered to ease her according to good
seamanship under the circumstances".
Whereof, I, the undersigned, hereby note my protest against all losses, damages, etc.,
reserving the right to extend the same at time and place convenient,
At the port of _ On the _
_____________________________
The Master of M/V
Captain
7. 2. "Letters of Protest"or "Notes of Protest"
(Source: http://mariners.narod.ru/seaprotest.html )
A letter of protest is a formal declaration whereby a person expresses a personal objection or
disapproval of an act.
It may be a written statement, made by a notary, at the request of a holder of a bill or a note
that describes the bill or note and declares that on a certain day the instrument was
presented for, and (e.g.) refused, payment.
In shipping there is a widespread practice of using letters of protest to record discrepancies
between ship and shore figures, suspected presence of water content, damage to or loss of
cargo, etc.
Protests are also made by the master against the charterers of the ship or the consignees of
the goods, for failing to load or unload the vessel pursuant to contract, or within reasonable
or stipulated delays;
On the other hand, the merchant may make a protest (i.e. Letter of Protest) against the
master, for misconduct, drunkenness, etc., for not proceeding to sea with due despatch, for
not signing bills of lading in the customary form, and other irregularities.
WHEN IS A LETTER OF PROTEST ISSUED?
•
•
•
• ! " # $
• ! " $
• % $
11. H2S (Hydrogen Suphide Gas1
) Readings in Liquid/Vapour and the Letter of Protest –
MSDS/H2S.
Letter of Request For H2S Readings in Liquid/Vapour
In compliance with section 22.4.2.1 of International Safety Guide for Oil Tankers and
Terminals (ISGOTT) which requires that H2S content in cargoes and bunkers shall be
specifically advised before loading or bunkering operation, I herewith request that H2S
readings of cargo to be loaded in liquid/vapour to be submitted to the ship’s staff at the time
of ship/shore pre-loading safety conference.
Letter of Protest - H2S Content
On behalf of my Owners and Principals I hereby protest against the following:
In violation of IMO Res. 150(77) and section 22.4.2.1 of International Safety Guide for Oil
Tankers and Terminals (ISGOTT) which requires that H2S content in cargoes and bunkers
shall be specifically advised before loading or bunkering operation, required data as per my
Letter of Request For H2S Readings in Liquid/Vapour dated (date) were not provided by
(shippers or terminal name) before loading and were not reflected in MSDS presented, see
attachment.
In port of (port name) vessel loaded cargo of (cargo name) in tanks (tanks’ numbers).
Measurements of H2S content done by crew upon completion of loading, (date), show H2S
content in excess of (H2S reading) ppm in all tanks, see report attached.
Because vessel has no means of control or reduction of H2S vapours and in order to protect
the vessel, her owners and/or any other party who may be directly or indirectly concerned, I
lodge this formal letter of protest and hold the consignor, the shippers and the terminal jointly
responsible for any delays, loss, damage or claims which may arise due to the high H2S
content in cargo loaded. This protest is made without prejudice to the terms, conditions and
exceptions of the relevant Charter Party.
1
Hydrogen sulfide is a powerful and deadly gas which smells like rotten eggs at low concentrations and has a sweet smell at
high concentrations. But workers should not rely on the smell as a warning. At high concentrations H2S may overcome
one's sense of smell. The result could be instant death. Long exposure to low concentrations will also deaden the sense of
smell.
H2S is explosive - it will ignite and explode when subjected to a spark or ordinary flame - in any concentration from 4% to
44% of the air. It is also soluble in water and oil, so it may flow for a considerable distance from its origin before escaping
above ground or in an entirely unexpected place. Because the vapor (gas) is heavier than air, it may travel for a long way
until ignited and then flash back towards the source.
12. Re: Damage .......... ship and cargo during discharge
Dear Sirs,
I regret to inform you that owing to incompetent handling of the winch, by your winchman
while discharging the cargo of cement in Hold No.2 at11.00 hours today, the crane block
crushed part my of deck superstructure and damaged the forward port rail in way Hold No. 2
for a length about four metres.
At the same time many bags of cement were torn, the contents thereof being spilled into the
hold.
In view of the above I have to hold your firm responsible for the damage caused and ask you
for urgent repairs of the said damages.
Yours faithfully,
XY, Master of MV
"STAR"
13. LETTER of the Receivers (Forwarders) to the Ship Agent concerning loss
of and damage to cargo:
Re: bags .........., B/L ..........
Ex MV …………. from …………, dated ………. .
On taking delivery of the above mentioned cargo the following
remarks were made: “112 bags torn, stained, slack, part of contents
missing”.
For this shipment we possess a clean receipt on behalf of our
principal and must hold you responsible for this damage and shortage.
While awaiting your comments we remain,
Yours truly, ........... (International Forwarders)
Note of Protest For Bunkering Disputes
Source: Marine Insight Free Resources Leave a Comment
Bunkering disputes are very common between ship and bunker supplier mainly because of
differences between the quantity or quality written in bunker delivery note and the actual quantity
or quality received. A note of protest is therefore issued to the supplier and a copy is forwarded to
the head office which includes written details of dispute because of which the protest/argument had
arose.
14.
15. Loading the cargo in bad condition (damaged prior loading):
Port
of_______________
Date:
07/10/02
To: (Name of Company, responsible for Loading)
LETTER OF PROTEST
I, Captain (NAME), the Master of m.v. “ABILITY”, loading cargo of BULLSHIT at the port
of PORTNAME on DATA acting on behalf of the Owners OWNERSNAME and the
Charterers IFANY, hereby notify you of the following damages to above cargo found prior to
the time of shipment:
- The cargo arrived/was stored on the quay and is/was:
Exposed to rain,
Found wet, thawed,
Other_________________
The quantity of cargo affected _______________or cannot be determined.
- The packaging of the cartons was damaged, visually ripped, torn, stained, chaffed,
other_______________
The quantity of cargo affected __________________or cannot be determined.
- The temperature of the cargo was declared to be ________, but was found to be
___________.
- Other types of damages__________________________
We reject all liability for the damage/s referred herein and hold you fully responsible for all
consequences which may arise from our loading the cargo in a damaged condition.
Furthermore, all remarks as to the condition of cargo will be inserted in the Mate’s Receipt
and Bills of Lading.
Yours faithfully
SIGNATURE & STAMP
Received by:
Copy: the Charterers
the Owners
16. Cargo, damaged at the time of discharge or after discharge from vessel:
Port of_______________
Date: 07/10/02
To: (Name of Company, responsible for discharging)
LETTER OF PROTEST
I, Captain (NAME), the Master of m.v. “ABILITY”, discharging cargo of BULLSHIT at the
port of PORTNAME on DATA acting on behalf of the Owners OWNERSNAME and the
Charterers IFANY, hereby notify you of the following damages to above cargo found at the
time of discharge or after discharge from abovementioned vessel:
- The following damages were caused by the stewedores acting on your behalf:
_______________________________________________________(description of damages)
The quantity of cargo affected _______________or cannot be determined.
- The following cargo was pilferred_______________
The quantity of cargo affected __________________or cannot be determined.
- The cargo was stored ashore, but exposed to ___________.
- Other types of damages__________________________
We reject all liability for the damage/s referred herein and hold you fully responsible for all
consequences which may arise.
Yours faithfully
SIGNATURE & STAMP
Received by:
Copy: the Charterers
the Owners
17. Cargo quality in dispute:
Port of_______________
Date:
07/10/02
To: (Name of Company)
LETTER OF PROTEST
I, Captain (NAME), the Master of m.v. “ABILITY”, loading cargo of BULLSHIT at the port
of PORTNAME on DATA acting on behalf of the Owners OWNERSNAME and the
Charterers IFANY, hereby notify you of the following amount/s in dispute between the
quantity and/or weight of the cargo declared by your PERSONINCHARGE and the quantity
and weight shipped on board according to our figures:
Quantity loaded as declared by you__________,
Quantity loaded according to ship’s figures__________,
Weight loaded as declared by you___________,
Weight loaded according to ship’s figures_________,
Weight/Quantity in dispute_______________.
We reject all liability for this amount in dispute and hold you fully responsible for all
consequences which may arise. Furthermore quantity and/or weight in dispute will be
declared in the Mates Receipt and Bills of Lading.
Yours faithfully
SIGNATURE & STAMP
Received by:
18. Cargo quantity unknown:
Port of_______________
Date:
07/10/02
To: (Name of Company, responsible for Loading)
LETTER OF PROTEST
I, Captain (NAME), the Master of m.v. “ABILITY”, loading cargo of BULLSHIT at the port
of PORTNAME on DATA acting on behalf of the Owners OWNERSNAME and the
Charterers IFANY, hereby notify you that we are unable to confirm that the quantity/weight
declared by you to have been loaded on our vessel is correct.
Therefore notify you of our intention to clause the Mate’s Receipts and Bills of Lading as
follows:
“ The numbers of packages or pieces and the quantity and the weight as shown are furnished
by the shipper and are unknown to the carrier and the Master, who has no reasonable means
of checking this themselves.”
We reject all liability for any claims that may be made and hold you fully responsible for all
consequences which may arise.
Yours faithfully
SIGNATURE & STAMP
Received by:
Copy: the Charterers
the Owners
19. Bunkering: Bad oil quality
Port of_______________
Date: 07/10/02
To: __________________
__________________
C/P DD: ______(charter date)_____
LETTER OF PROTEST
I hereby give you notice, that fuel oil supplied by you at the port of PORTNAME prove to be
wholly unsuitable for use in the vessel’s machinery. The main engine manifested instant
problems, when the supplied fuel was burned. All action undertaken by our technical staff
taken to stop the problem proved to be unsatisfactory.
Fuel samples will be sent for laboratory analysis.
(or, if the possibility to determine fuel oil parameters on board the ship exists:
Shipboard analysis of a representative sample indicate the quality of fuel exceed standards of
the grade ordered.)
In the circumstances, I cannot jeopardise the safety of the vessel by accepting or using the
fuel supplied without first receiving instruction to do so from my owners.
In the meantime, on behalf of my owners, I hold you wholly responsible for all damages and
delays and other loss or expense arising as a direct or indirect consequence from your failure
to supply the guaranteed grade of fuel.
Yours faithfully
MASTER
SIGNATURE & STAMP
Received by:
COPY: the Owners
20. Oil pollution while bunkering/oil transfer operations:
Port of_______________
Date:
07/10/02
To: BUNKERS SUPPLIERS
____________________
LETTER OF PROTEST
I, Captain (NAME), the Master of m.v. “ABILITY”, acting on behalf of the Owners
OWNERSNAME and the Charterers IFANY, hereby reject any responsibility arisen from the
spill of oil which resulted entirely from a negligent work of your stuff, while my wessel was
bunkered today, DATE AND TIME at PLACE (or on the road of PLACE), as the following
accident was discovered by the crew of our vessel:
- the hose was leaking as the bunkering started,
- the pumping rate was higher than that agreed – which solely contributed to the referred
leakage,
- the hose was not sufficiently emptied before disconnecting (after receiving your order),
- Other sources of spill__________________________
By the copy given to the local Coast Guard/Port Authorities I repudiate any responsibilities
which may arise from the referred oil pollution.
Yours faithfully
SIGNATURE & STAMP
Received by:
Copy: Coast Guard/ Port Authorities
the Owners
21. Source for letters from page 21 to page 46: Effective Business Letters
(http://www.effective-business-letters.com/Letter-Enclosing-An-Indent-1.html)
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
It would be very kind of you if you please let us know the present freight rate for cased
leather shoes for shipment from Mumbai to London.
With this kindly also inform us of the frequency of your sailings and the approximate time of
your voyage.
Yours Faithfully,
Vasu
Manager
For XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
22. Reply to The Letter of Inquiry Regarding Freight Rates
Reply to The Letter of Inquiry Regarding Freight Rates :
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
With reference to your letter of 15th instant, we are pleased to inform you that our present
rate of freight for cased leather shoes for shipment from Mumbai to London is $ 600 per 30
cubic feet subject to the availability of space at the vessel.
We maintain sailing at intervals of approximately 10 days and it takes about 14 days to cover
the journey from Mumbai to London. We enclose our sailing time table for the current
month and also our shipping instructions form which you are requested to fill in and return
to us duly signed at your earliest.
Yours Faithfully,
Vasu
Manager
For XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
23. Letter Contacting A Forwarding Agent
Letter Contacting A Forwarding Agent :
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
M/s Indra Trading Corporation of Mumbai has given us your name as a reputed firm of
forwarding agents.
At present we are faced with the necessity of shipping, from Mumbai to Aden, the goods detailed
below, which are actually in transit at the port. Since we have been told that the shipping
documents for this transaction should be prepared by your favour, we, shall request to let us
know how best you can help us to get these documents ready by shipment.
It may kindly be noted that our agents in Aden are Smith and Brown and that Mercantile Bank
Ltd. is entrusted with the documents.
Thanking you.
Yours Faithfully,
24. Letter of Complaint
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
With reference to our forwarding instructions of 15th January - 2008, the goods of our order
No. 889708 were to have been sent by M/s Oliver & Sons. We have been told at the docks
that the ship has arrived but contained nothing consigned to us. Will you please look into the
matter at once and let us know what has happened to this consignment?
An early reply is solicited.
Yours Faithfully,
Vasu
Manager
For XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
25. Letter from The Shipping Agent Informing of Arrival of Consignment
Letter from The Shipping Agent Informing of Arrival of Consignment :
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
We have the pleasure to inform you that on board S.S. Jawahar, due at this port on 18th
February, there are following goods for your account.
10 wooden case – Leather shoes
In order that we may effect customs clearance and despatch, we would feel obliged if
you would let us have the Bill of lading duly endorsed together with a letter addressed to
customs & Excise authorities, appointing us to act on your behalf.
Yours Faithfully,
Vasu
26. Letter Informing The Receipt of Bill of Lading
Letter Informing The Receipt of Bill of Lading :
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
This is to acknowledge the receipt of your letter of the 18th instant, enclosing the bill of lading in
connection with the consignment on board Jawahar, which is due on 23rd February - 2008.
We shall take necessary action on the arrival of the ship and deliver your consignment at your
address.
Kindly send us the customs letter at your earliest.
Yours Faithfully,
Vasu
Manager
For XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
27. Letter Informing The Importer
Letter Informing The Importer :
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
With reference to your order No. A/c 42 dated 10th January - 2008, we are pleased to inform
you that the leather shoes have now been despatched as arranged.
The whole lot is packed in 10 wooden cases with the mark LV in circle. The particulars of weight
and measurement are given on the enclosed sheet. S.S.J of the Scindhia Shipping Company
containing the shipment has sailed from Alexander Docks - Mumbai on 16th of this month and it
is scheduled to reach London on 27th February - 2008.
Clean, shipped on board B/L in complete set, together with the Commercial Invoice and
insurance certificate, both in triplicate, have been handed to Indian Overseas Bank, with sight
draft for $ 25,000 in accordance with the terms of the Letter of Credit opened with them. This
sum has duly been paid by Indian Overseas Bank.
We shall be pleased to hear in due course that the goods have reached you in safe condition.
Yours Faithfully,
28. Letter from The Forwarding Agent to Client
Letter from The Forwarding Agent to Client :
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
We have just received from Docks advise saying that the S.S. Victoria arrived on 16th instant
in the evening and the unloading of the 50 bales of cotton which you instructed us to take
delivery of took place on the same evening. Unfortunately, during the process of unloading
one of cotton bales fell into the sea. It was pulled out before it went under, but got damaged
as it was soaked in water. As the accident occurred before we took delivery of the goods, the
liability rests with the shipping company, the damaged bale has been put into a bonded
warehouse, since we did not wish to receive it without consulting you. Please let us have
your opinion on the subject.
Yours Faithfully,
Vasu
Manager
For XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
29. Letter Regarding Advice to Forwarding Agents
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
We have advised you that we have today sent by Railway to your address freight-paid 10
wooden cases of leather shoes which may please be forwarded by next steamer available to
M/s Johns - London.
We request you to effect insurance on the goods the cost of which as well as the freight is to
be debited to the account of the consignee.
Yours Faithfully,
Vasu
30. Letter Regarding Advice to Customer :
XXXXX BUSINESS HOUSE
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
DATE
To :
The Manager,
ZZZZZZ Business House,
Door Number and The Name of The Street,
City with ZIP Code.
Phone : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Fax : 0011 - XXXXXXXX
Dear Sir,
We advice you that we have consigned today to your address 10 wooden cases of leather
shoes by S.S. Jaltarang.
The insurance thereon will be effected by our shipping agents M/s Khemani & Bros., Church
Road, Mumbai.
We enclose an invoice amounting to $ 250 for which amount we have drawn on you at 90
days date.
Trusting the goods will arrive safely and soliciting your further orders.
Thanking you.
Yours Faithfully,
Vasu
31. Irrevocable Proxy
Irrevocable Proxy : Please fill out the following form. Please print your completed form if you
would to have a copy for your records.
I (Stockholder's name) the holder of (Number of shares) shares of the common voting stock of
(Company's name) Corporation, do hereby irrevocably appoint (Name of The appointed
person)as my proxy to attend the shareholder’s meeting of (Company's name) Corporation,
to be held on (year) or any continuations oradjournments of that meeting, with full power to
vote and act for me and in my name and place, in the same manner, and to the same extent
that I might act if I would have been in attendance atsuch meeting.
This proxy is irrevocable and has been issued to (Name of The appointed person) who is a
pledgee holding a valid pledge of the shares owned by me. Any other proxy or proxies
previously given by me to others is hereby revoked.
Date:
STATE OF :
COUNTY OF :
On _________________________ before me ________________________ personally
appeared ___________________________ personally known to me (or proved to me on the
basis of satisfactory evidence) to be the person(s) whose name(s) is/are subscribed to the
within instrument and acknowledged to me that he/she/they executed the same in
his/her/their authorized capacity(ies), and that by his/her/their signature(s) on the
instrument the person(s), or the entity upon behalf of which the person(s) acted, executed
the instrument.
WITNESS my hand and official seal.
Signature :
Affiant : Known / Unknown
ID Produced :
Seal :
32. Letter of Acceptance of Order with Delivery in Lots
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
We acknowledge acceptance of your order as per your orderof _, 19_. The goods will be
shipped to you in the followinglots.
(Specify lots and delivery schedule).
We request that payment be made as each lot is received.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
33. Letter to Acknowledge Receipt of Goods
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
ACKNOWLEDGED RECEIPT OF GOODS :
The undersigned hereby acknowledges receipt and deliveryof the goods described on the
annexed list or invoice andfurther acknowledges that said goods have been inspected
andare without defect.
Signed under seal this _ day of _ 19_.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
34. Letter of Acknowledgement for The Order Placed
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
With thanks we acknowledge your check and order dated_______, l9 __, (date) for ______
(items) described in ourletter to you of _______, l9 __ (date).
Unfortunately, the demand for the ____ (item) hasbeen so great that we have no more on
hand. Despite thefact that we have reordered this, these ____ (item), weregretfully have no
idea when they will be shipped to us.
Therefore, we will gladly return your check andinform you when the new supply arrives.
However, if youprefer, we will keep your check and forward you the ___(item) as soon as it,
they arrive(s).
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
35. Letter of Acknowledgement of Merchandise Returned for Repair
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
The (product name and model number) that you mailed to us forrepair was received on
(date) We will be returning it to you assoon as the necessary adjustments are made.
We are sorry that you experienced a problem with our productand want to thank you for
purchasing a (name)
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
36. Letter of Acknowledgement of Order and Its Execution :
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
We thank you very much for your order of 6th instant. They havebeen dispatched. The
invoice for the goods amounting Rs.5680 (Rupees five thousand six hundred and eighty only
includingpacking and incidental charges is enclosed.
We hope that you will be fully satisfied with our prompt execution and favor us with
subsequent orders.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
37. Letter of Apology and Proposal on Over-Shipped-Merchandise
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
In deference to your valuable time, I would like to get straight to the point and say that we
were wrong.
Your purchase order clearly stated 30 cases. The shipment of 60 cases was our error.
Meanwhile, there are two options available at this time; you can keep the additional
merchandise and we will bill you thirty days from now, or we will arrange to have it picked
up at your loading dock and issue a credit to you. Please let me know of your preference.
We will do everything in our power to ensure that this type of error does not occur again.
Thank you for your understanding. If I can be of any assistance in any way, please do not
hesitate to call on me.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
38. Letter of Apology after Cancellation of Order
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
This is to acknowledge receipt of your letter of [date] in which you set forth your reasons for
canceling your purchase order #_______.
I am very sorry about the misunderstanding that led to this cancellation and have taken the
matter up with management in order to ensure that a problem of this nature does not occur
again.
As one of our valued customers, your satisfaction is one of our primary concerns. Please
accept our apology.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
39. Letter of Assignment of A Claim for Damages :
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
FOR VALUE RECEIVED, the undersigned hereby sells and transfers to (Assignee) and its
successors, assigns and personal representatives, any and all claims, demands and cause or
causes of action of any kind whatsoever which the undersigned has or may have against
__________ arising from the following type claim.
(Description OF THE CLAIMS)
And the undersigned may in its own name and for its ownbenefit prosecute, collect, settle,
compromise and grantreleases on said claim as it in its sole discretion deemsadvisable.
Signed under seal this _ day of _, 19_.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
40. Compensation Letter for Damaged Freight
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
I have just received your March 24 letter about the damagedshipment you received through Green
Tree Freight and regret theinconvenience that it has caused you.
From your account of the problem, I am quite sure that yourrequest for the $240 adjustment on the
damage to the 2 cratesof Val jean Crystal stemware will be granted. A certain amount ofbreakage of
this sort does unavoidably occur in cross-countryshipping; I am sorry that it was your company that
had to be theone to suffer the delay.
I must remind you to keep the damaged crates in the samecondition in which you received them
until one of ourrepresentatives can inspect them. That inspection should takeplace within 2 weeks.
If all is in order, as it sounds to be in your letter, you can expect the full reimbursement within 2
weeks after our representative's inspection. I hope this unfortunate accident will not keep you from
having merchandise shipped by Green Tree Freight in the future.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
41. Letter of Complaint about The Faulty Product
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
On (date), I purchased (or had repaired) a (name of the productwith the serial or model
number or service performed). I madethis purchase at (location, date, and other important
details ofthe transaction).
Unfortunately, your product (or service) has not performed well(or the service was
inadequate) because (state the problem).Therefore, to resolve the problem, I would
appreciate your (statethe specific action you want). Enclosed are copies (copies,
NOToriginals) of my records (receipts, guarantees, warranties,cancelled checks, contracts,
model and serial numbers, and anyother documents).
I look forward to your reply and a resolution to my problem, andwill wait (set a time limit)
before seeking third-party assistance.
Please contact me at the above address or by phone (home oroffice numbers with area
codes).
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature
42. Complimentary Letter to Employee on Handling of Difficulty
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
Several of your associates in the shipping department have informed me of the incident that
occurred last Friday with a representative of Gene's Tool Supplies. They have all agreed that
this driver hurled some extremely abusive language at you and that his actions were
unjustifiably offensive. They also all agreed that you remained a gentleman throughout the
entire time, attempting to solve the problem. I compliment you on your self-control and in
handling the situation in such an exemplary manner. I have placed a call to the owner of
Gene's Tools and fully anticipate you�re receiving an apology from them.
Thanking you.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc
43. Letter Demanding Payment
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
I know how exasperating this has been for you and I am deeply sorry that it has
taken so long to straighten out this problem. While there is a procedure within our
firm to preclude this type of error from occurring, we are reinforcing this procedure.
You have been a valued customer of ours for a long time and we appreciate your
affording us the opportunity to serve you. You may rest assured that this problem
will not surface again.
Thanking you.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
44. Customer Complaint Letter :
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
I am writing about [state the nature of your complaint in 25words or less]. Would
you please [state what you want done about your complaint in 25 words or less].
Attached are copies of [List the invoices, bills, letters, notices, contracts and receipts
or other documents that you are including with your letter to support your
complaint.]
Please contact me using the information shown above. I expectthe courtesy of your
reply by [insert a date 21 to 30 days after the date of your letter].
Thank you for your assistance.
Thanking you.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
45. Notice to Cancel Entire Order
This Letter should be written in The Letter-Pad of the Company.
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
Reference is made to our purchase order or contract dated (DATE) a copy of which is
enclosed.
Due to your failure to ship the goods within the time required, we hereby cancel said
order, reserving such further rights we may have.
Thanking you.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
46. Notice to Cancel Shipment of Back-Ordered Goods :
From :
The Sender's Name,
Door Number and Street's Name,
Area Name,
City.
Postal Code : XXXXXXX
Phone Number : 0000 - 123456789
E-mail ID : sendersname@companywebsite.com
Date :
Reference :
TO :
Addressee's Name,
Designation,
The Company's Name,
Full Address with Phone Number.
Subject :
Dear ____,
Reference is made to our purchase order or contract dated (DATE) a copy of
which is attached. We have received a partial shipment and notice that certain
goods are out of stock or on back order.
Please cancel our order for the back-ordered goods and adjust our invoice for
goods received.
Thanking you.
Yours Sincerely,
(The Sender's Signature)
The Sender's Name
Enc :
47. 3. Letters of complaint
Complaint letter template
Your address 1]
[Your address 2]
[Your address 3]
[Postcode]
[Other contact details you may wish to give, phone, e-mail etc]
[Date]
(If you are unsure of the contact details you can search the howtocomplain.com company database
from any page on the website).
[Name of contact person, if available]
[Title, if available]
[Company Name]
[Consumer Complaint Department, if you don’t have a contact name]
[Company address 1]
[Company address 2]
[Company address 3]
[Postcode]
Re: [Account number, product, service etc]
Dear [Contact Person or Sir/Madam],
On [date], I [bought, rented, had serviced etc] a [name of product with model number, service
performed etc] at [location and other details of the transaction].
I am disappointed because your [product, service, billing etc.] has [not performed as it should, was
wrong etc] because [state the problem as you understand it giving as much detail as possible].
To resolve the problem I would appreciate your [state the action you require e.g. refund, service
performed again etc]. Enclosed is a copy/are copies of the [receipt, contract etc].
I look forward to hearing from you and to a resolution of this problem. I will wait for [set a time limit]
before seeking help from [government agency, consumer group, lawyer etc (search Information
section)]. Please contact me at the above address or by phone [give numbers].
Yours sincerely
[Sign]
[Print Your Name]
Enclosures: [state documents you have enclosed , if any]
Cc: [Include Name, Company of anyone you have copied the lett
48. Shipper’s cargo damage complaint held adequate under
Montreal Convention
UPS Supply Chain Solutions, Inc. v. American Airlines, Inc. (N.D. Ill. Aug. 14, 2009). For a
cargo damage claim, Article 31(2) of the Montreal Convention requires that “the person
entitled to delivery must complain to the carrier forthwith after the discovery of the damage,”
and, at the latest, within 14 days from the date of receipt of the cargo. Article 31(3) requires
that such complaint be “in writing.” Article 31 does not contain any further requirements
regarding the contents or form of the complaint.
In this case, American had agreed to transport 80 drums of fish oil for UPS from Japan to
Illinois. Upon arrival, the cargo spoiled because the drums were not refrigerated. Within the
14-day notice period, a UPS employee sent a letter to American stating as follows:
This is to inform you that our customer is refusing this shipment due to the fact that is the
cargo of fish oil was left in a ULD and not kept cool. From what I understand the freight
was left outside in a container during days reaching 80 degrees and the product spoiled.
The product was valued well over $80,000 USD. Please advise what the airline plans to do
with this product. All your help is deeply appreciated.
American moved for summary judgment on the grounds that the letter failed to give adequate
notice of UPS’s complaint because it did not contain an express statement of UPS’s intent to
hold American liable for the cargo damage. The court rejected American’s argument, holding
that the text of Article 31 only required that the complaint give notice that the cargo had been
damaged and that UPS’s letter had adequately done just that.
49.
50. SHIPPER’S LETTER OF INSTRUCTIONS
U.S. PRINCIPAL PARTY IN INTEREST (USPPI) (Name and address including ZIP code)
SHIPPER: PLEASE BE SURE TO
COMPLETE ALL SHADED AREAS
ZIP CODE:
USPPI EIN (IRS) NO. or ID NO. PARTIES TO TRANSACTION
Related Non-Related
ULTIMATE CONSIGNEE (Complete name and address)
Postal Address:
INTERMEDIATE CONSIGNEE (Complete name and address) Cargo Delivery Address: www.panalpina.com
Phone:
Fax:
FORWARDING AGENT (Complete name and address) Shipper must check Incoterm & Mode of Tran
PANALPINA, INC. All Modes of Transportation Vessel On
EXW FCA CPT CIP FAS FOB C
DAP DAT DDP Always insert
NAMED Place / Port:
PLACE OF RECEIPT PORT/AIRPORT OF EXPORT AIR OCEAN TRUCK / RAIL CONSOLIDATE
Hazardous Materials Yes No Routed Export Transaction Ye
PORT/AIRPORT OF UNLOADING FINAL DESTINATION POINT (STATE) OF ORIGIN or FTZ NO. COUNTRY OF ULTIMATE DES
EXPORTING CARRIER CONTAINERIZED (Vessel only) Shipper’s instructions in case of inability to deliver consignment as assigned
Yes No Abandon Return to Shipper
USPPI filing EEI. AES ITN or Exemption/Exception Citation: Deliver to:
D/F SCHEDULE B / HTS NUMBER AND COMMERCIAL DESCRIPTION
(VEHICLES: VIN / PRODUCT NUMBER /
VEHICLE TITLE NUMBER)
QUANTITY IN
SCHEDULE B /
HTS UNIT(S)
SHIPPING
WEIGHT
(Kilograms)
ECCN / EAR99 License # / License
Exception Symbol / NLR
or other Authorization
VALUE (a
(US Dollar
cost if not s
Please provide classification and licensing information for all commodities / all values. Note: Attach a continuation sheet if above space is insufficient/more item
Information provided on this SLI including the first 6 digits of the HTS/Schedule B may also be used to fulfill destination country security reporting requirements.
MARKS & NUMBERS:
SHIPPER’S REF.# DATE
Cargo items tendered for air transportation are subject to inspection, aviation security controls by air carriers and, when appropriate, other government regulations. Copie
shipping documents showing the cargo’s consignee, consignor, description and other relevant data will be retained on file until the cargo completes its air transportation. Al
Shipments are also subject to inspection by Customs and Border Protection and/or Office of Export Enforcement.
WE HAVE FORWARDED TO
YOU THE DESCRIBED
SHIPMENT VIA:
YOUR TRUCK
OTHER
CARRIER
TRUCK LINE NAME PRO NUMBER
SHIPPER REQUESTS INSURANCE No Yes $ PLEASE FAX OR EMAIL SCANNED
DOCUMENTS
DECLARED VALUE FOR CARRIAGE:
! "
DOCUMENTS ENCLOSED:
! "
! #
$ " " %&' " " " " '()* ++ " " " "
,(& &- " " " " &((& )( " " " " +,&(."
/ %0 ! ! .*
* 1 % !
.
!
! %2 &' 3 '(& % .."
SPECIAL INSTRUCTIONS:
For Ocean Shipments only: Bill of Lading / Waybill r
2 *
0 * .
/ "* 4 *
NOTE: The Shipper or his Authorized Agent hereby authorizes the above named Company, in his name and on his behalf, to prepare any export documents, to sign and accept any d
relating to said shipment and forward this shipment in accordance with the conditions of carriage and the tariffs of the carriers employed. The shipper guarantees payment o
charges in the event the consignee refuses payment. Hereunder the sole responsibility of the Company is to use reasonable care in the selection of carriers, forwarders, age
to whom it may entrust the shipment.
51. ht Detective portal toto cargo claims, International cargo claims, NVOCC claims, ocean forwarder claim, ocean cargo claims, air cargo claims,
Carriage of Goods By Sea Act, International shipping claims, claim time limits, air carriage claims, HB/L, MB/L, OB/L, bill of lading, written notice
of claim, Warsaw Convention, cargo dock, DL3, time for suit, air legal, ocean cargo claims, steamship claim, steam ship damage, custodial carrier
damage, COGSA, Carriage of Goods By Sea, bill of lading, package limit, cargo claims, freight forwarder claims, forwarder damage claims, indirect
air carrier, indirect air carrier claims, air waybill, ocean freight claims, air freight claims, damage limits, Shipping , The Cargo Letter, claim time
limits, damage claims, domestic air claims, International shipping claims, claim time limits, claims, Warsaw Convention damage limits, bill of lading,
written notice of claim, Warsaw Convention, cargo dock, DL3, time for suit, air legal, ocean cargo claims, COGSA, Carriage of Goods By Sea, bill of
lading, package limit, airline damage, air loss, international ocean cargo claims, ocean cargo loss, freight forwarder claims, for warder damage claims,
carrier claims, bill of lading, NVOCC, ocean forwarder claim
EFFECTS OF TERMS OF SALE ON DISTRIBUTION:
1. FOB Origin, Freight Collect
Buyer pays freight
charges
Buyer bears freight
charges
Buyer owns goods in
transit
Buyer files claims (if any)
2. FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid
Seller pays freight
charges
Seller bears freight
charges
Buyer owns goods in
transit
Buyer files claims (if
any)
3. FOB Origin, Freight Prepaid and Charge Back
Seller pays freight
charges
Buyer bears freight
charges
Buyer owns goods in
transit
Buyer files claims (if
any)