This document discusses mooring operations and safety. It addresses hazards like snap back zones, improper work processes, and crew competence. It describes the purpose of mooring lines in controlling forces from wind, current, tides and passing ships. Guidelines are provided for effective use of lines and mooring equipment like bollards, rope stoppers, and winches. The importance of communication, preparation, and following procedures is emphasized to promote safety culture during mooring operations.

1. TRAININGTRAINING
MOORING
OPERATIONS
Snap back
danger zone
Point of
break
Point of
restraint
Mooring rope
Mooring
rope
Snap Back
Zone
Point of
break

2. WHY CADET’S ????WHY CADET’S ????
 INEXPERIENCED
 MOORING TEAM
 SAFERY CULTURE - AWARENESS
 WEAK LINKS
 BOOST SELF CONFIDENCE
 IDENTIFY HAZARDS
 MAINTENANCE
 GOOD OFFICER

3. SCOPESCOPE

6. RISKY OPERATIONRISKY OPERATION
 HAZARDS
 MOORING LINE
 IMPROPER WORK PROCESS
 CREW COMPETENCE
 CREW CONCENTRATION
 WEATHER
 NEW JOINER
 MOORING EQUIPMENT
 COMMUNICATION

7. INCIDENCESINCIDENCES
 SLIP TRIP FALLS
 PARTING OF ROPES
 OIL LEAKS
 PARTING OF ROPE OR STOPPERS
 FAILURE OF MACHINERY
 NEAR MISSES

8. CONSEQUENCESCONSEQUENCES

9. WHAT DOES MOORING SYSTEM DO?WHAT DOES MOORING SYSTEM DO?
 ASSIST IN HEAVING SHIP ALONGSIDE.
 PREVENTS DRITING AWAY ALONGSIDE
 WORKS AGAINST FORCES –
 WIND
 CURRENT,
 TIDES,
 SURGES DUE TO PASSING SHIP
 CHANGE OF DRAFT

10. HOW BIG ARE FORCES???HOW BIG ARE FORCES???
 FORCES ON SHIP (T) = SQUARE OF WIND
 FORCES ON SHIP (T)= SQUARE OF
CURRENT
 GREATER FREEBOARD * GREATER FORCE
DUE TO WIND
 LESSER UKC GREATER EFFECT OF
CURRENT

11. EFFECT OF CURRENTEFFECT OF CURRENT
 BEAM CURRENT FORCE INCREASES
AS THE DEPTH/DRAFT RATIO
REDUCES
EFFECT OF UKC ON CURRENT FORCE
50 T
90 T
150 T 200T
CURRENT IKT
5 Df 2 Df
0.2 Df0.5 Df

12. MOORING LINES- CONTROLS FORCESMOORING LINES- CONTROLS FORCES
1
2
1.HEAD LINE- BACKWARD FORCE (-Y)
2.BREAST LINE-TRANSVERSE FORCE (-X)
3. FWD SPRINGLINE – FWD FORCE (+Y)
4.AFT SPRING LINE – AFT FORCE (-Y)
5. AFT BREAST LINE – TRANSVERSE FORCE(-X)
6.STERN LINE – FWD FORCE (+Y)
3
4
5
6

13. EFFECTIVENESS OF LINESEFFECTIVENESS OF LINES
NO SHORT LINES
 DIP TO BE LESS THAN 30 DEGREE
(EFFECTIVENESS COSINE OF ANGLE)
 SAME DIRECTION
 SAME LENGTH
SAME MATERIAL
CARE AND MAINTENANCE

14. SNAP BACKSNAP BACK
 Line handlers must operate clear of the potential
snap – back path
 Sudden release of stored static energy in the
stretched synthetic line when it breaks.
 General rule,10 deg cone around line from point
of break to beyond point of secure to a distance
almost its own length.

15. SNAP BACK ZONESNAP BACK ZONE

16. Method Of Using - Bollards &Method Of Using - Bollards &
Rope stoppersRope stoppers
 Two round turn (but not more) around leading
post of the bitts before figure of eighting -
(Distributes the load on bollard evenly )
 Gypsy heads(mooring drums) should not be used
to belay the mooring line.
 Rope stopper should be of low stretch material.
 Material – Synthetic Fiber Rope
 Double Stopper is better than Single Stopper.

17. MOORING WINCHMOORING WINCH
 RENDER FORCE-Force required to turn winch in
opposite direction when set to heave with the driving
force applied . (EXTERNAL force causing drum to
turn to slack rope)
 HEAVING FORCE < RENDER FORCE
 BREAK HOLDING POWER REDUCES WITH NO.
OF LAYERS ON DRUM.
 Support at lower part of the brake band to be adjusted.
(5mm – 8mm)
 WRONG REELING DIRECTION REDUCES BHC
POWER BY 50%.
 OIL, MOISTURE,RUST REDUCES BHC BY 75%

18. SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONS
 BRAKE HOLDING CAPACITY-
1. Hawser Strength > BHC (Brake Slips
Before Hawser Brakes)
2. BHC = 60% MBL(Minimum Breaking
Load ) of hawser.
3. BHC > Heaving Capacity.(When brake
slips it is impossible to heave , till force
causing the slip is reduced)
4. RF>BHC>HC ( FOR SAFETY )

19. BHC & Layers on Winch Drum SpecsBHC & Layers on Winch Drum Specs
1. NO OF LAYERS BHC
1ST
100%
2ND
88%
3RD
80%
4TH
73%
5TH
67%

20. SPLIT DRUM WINCHESSPLIT DRUM WINCHES
 SAFETY GUIDELINE:
 SHIFTING LINE FROM TENSION DRUM TO
STORAGE DRUM
 TO TENSION DRUM REQUIRES CARE AND
SUFFICIENT PERSONNEL
 NO MORE THAN ONE TURN TO ME
MAINTAINED ON TENSION DRUM.

21. MAINTENANCE – FREE LINKS,PINSMAINTENANCE – FREE LINKS,PINS

22. SAFETY CULTURE- BEHAVIOURSAFETY CULTURE- BEHAVIOUR
 UNDERSTANDS SNAP BACK ZONE
 LEARNS MOORING WINCH OPERATION
 COMMUNICATION –VERBAL / NON VERBAL
 COMMUNICATION- INTERNAL/EXTERNAL
 PREPERATION FOR STATION
 FOLLOW PROCEDURES
 SWL ON MOORING ITEMS
 MOORING PLAN & UNDERSTAND TASK
 VIGILENT,IDENTIFYS HAZARDS

23. QUESTIONSQUESTIONS
???