The internet technology is divided into many stages and one of them is 1G. The topics cover up in this : history, explanation, flaws and future version.
The internet technology is divided into many stages and one of them is 1G. The topics cover up in this : history, explanation, flaws and future version.
Cellular network evolved gradually .Generations of computer network like 1st generation (1g) ,second generation (2g) evolved .Then came 3g ,4g, each time with increased speed and security
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
Detailed presentation on Wireless Communication Technologies.
The communication technology has evolved to provide lower latency network, faster and efficient data services.
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
This report comprises of detailed analysis how the wireless communication developed from 1G to 4G LTE to improve data services for the end user.The future ahead i.e. 5G is also discussed.
Feel free to discuss, would be happy to help.
Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. This is a survey report on this technologies.
Cellular network evolved gradually .Generations of computer network like 1st generation (1g) ,second generation (2g) evolved .Then came 3g ,4g, each time with increased speed and security
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
Detailed presentation on Wireless Communication Technologies.
The communication technology has evolved to provide lower latency network, faster and efficient data services.
Evolution of Wireless Communication TechnologiesAkhil Bansal
This report comprises of detailed analysis how the wireless communication developed from 1G to 4G LTE to improve data services for the end user.The future ahead i.e. 5G is also discussed.
Feel free to discuss, would be happy to help.
Wireless phone standards have a life of their own. You can tell, because they are spoken of reverently in terms of generations. There's Great-Granddad, whose pioneering story pre-dates cellular; Grandma and Grandpa 1G, or analog cellular, Mom and Dad 2G, or digital cellular; 3G wireless, 4G, 5G and so on. This is a survey report on this technologies.
National Cadet Corps is the biggest youth organisation of India. It is under the Ministry of Defence in Central Government and with the Education Department of the State & UT.
3G is the next generation of technology which has revolutionized the telecommunication industry. Apart from increasing the speed of communication, the objective of this technology is to provide various value-added services like video calling, live streaming, mobile internet access, IPTV, etc on the mobile phones. These services are possible because the 3G spectrum provides the necessary bandwidth.
Evolution from 1G to 4G, First Generation (1G), Second generation (2G), Third generation (3G), Comparison Between 3G and 4G, Features of 4G, General 4G services and Application, Future Development, Advantages, Disadvantages, Evolution of mobile communication in Bangladesh
In this Presentation explained about the Unit 5 - 4G Networks and Beyond concepts for third year ECE students, which makes very clear to understand all the Generation networks and its features and applications. Hope it will be useful to all student community.
In networking terminology, wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver, but rather the network is connected by radio waves and/or microwaves to maintain communications. Wireless system includes different generations of wireless technology - 1G, 2G, 2.5G, 3G, 4G and 5G.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
Students, digital devices and success - Andreas Schleicher - 27 May 2024..pptxEduSkills OECD
Andreas Schleicher presents at the OECD webinar ‘Digital devices in schools: detrimental distraction or secret to success?’ on 27 May 2024. The presentation was based on findings from PISA 2022 results and the webinar helped launch the PISA in Focus ‘Managing screen time: How to protect and equip students against distraction’ https://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/education/managing-screen-time_7c225af4-en and the OECD Education Policy Perspective ‘Students, digital devices and success’ can be found here - https://oe.cd/il/5yV
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Instructions for Submissions thorugh G- Classroom.pptxJheel Barad
This presentation provides a briefing on how to upload submissions and documents in Google Classroom. It was prepared as part of an orientation for new Sainik School in-service teacher trainees. As a training officer, my goal is to ensure that you are comfortable and proficient with this essential tool for managing assignments and fostering student engagement.
2. Introduction
Imagine the possibilities of
connectivity!
Scenarios:
– Traveler from New York to Tokyo
– Insurance appraiser at the scene of a
natural disaster
– Paramedics capturing visuals of a victim’s
injuries
3. Evolution of Wireless
Systems
Radio telephony during World War I
Wireless telephones in late 1940’s
– Provided only basic half-duplex voice
– Used analog technology
Evolved into full-duplex 1G systems in
the 1960’s
4. From 1G to 3G…
- 1G -
Started in the early to mid 1960’s
offering simple wireless voice services
based on analog technology
Were very limited in capacity and did
not extend across geographic areas
Systems using 1G :
AMPS, TACS, and NMT
5. From 1G to 3G…
- 2G -
Developed in Europe and the US to provide
better voice quality, higher capacity as well
as lower power consumption
Offer support for simple non-voice services
like SMS (simple messaging service)
2G technologies do not interoperate
Difficult roaming between countries using
different systems
Cannot meet subscriber demands for new,
faster non-voice services on the move
6. What is 2.5G Wireless?
Also known as Interim Generation
GPRS (General Packet Radio service) &
EDGE (Enhanced Data rate for GSM
Evolution)
– Provides options for higher data rate
while building on existing 2G systems
GPRS -> 171.2 kbps theoretical max bit rate
EDGE -> 384 kbps bit rate
7. 3G Wireless Systems
3G Wireless Systems are the new
generation of systems that offer high
bandwidth and support digital voice along
with multimedia and global roaming.
Globally, different systems are being used,
so, to migrate to globally acceptable
systems, numerous standardization activities
were carried out and three systems
emerged: W-CDMA, CDMA2000, and TD-
SCDMA
8. 3G System Capabilities
•Capabilities to support circuit and packet data at high
bit rates:
•144 kilobits/second or higher in mobility (vehicular) traffic
•384 kilobits/second for pedestrian traffic
•2 Megabits/second or higher for indoor traffic
•Interoperability and roaming
•Common Billing/User Profiles
•Sharing of usage/rate information between service providers
•Standardized call detail recording
•Standardized user profiles
9. 3G System Capabilities ….
•Capability
to determine geographic position of mobiles
and report it to both the network and the mobile terminal
•Support of Multimedia Services/Capabilities
•Fixed and variable rate bit traffic
•Bandwidth on demand
•Asymmetric data rates in the forward and reverse links
•Multimedia mail store and forward
•Broadband access up to 2 Megabits/second
11. Applications Using 3G
Communication services Education
•Video telephony •Virtual schools
•Video conference •On-line science lab
•Personal location (GPS) •On-line library
•On-line language labs
•Training
12. Applications Using 3G…
Business services Finance services
• Mobile office •Virtual banking
•Narrowcast business TV •On-line billing
•Virtual workgroups •Universal USIM and credit card
•Expertise on tap
Entertainment
•Audio on demand
•Games
•Video clips
•Virtual sightseeing
13. Key Parameters of 3G and 4G Systems
3G 4G
Frequency
1.8 - 2.5 GHz 2 - 8 GHz
Band
Bandwidth 5 - 20 MHz 5 - 20 MHz
Up to 2 Mbps (384
Data Rate Up to 20 Mbps
Kbps deployed)
W - CDMA / CDMA MC - CDMA or OFDMA
Access
2000 / TD -SCDMA (TDMA)
Switching Circuit / Packet Packet
Mobile top
200 Km/h 200 Km/h
speeds
14. Conclusion
3G technologies promise to deliver a lot and are
slowly being put into effect.
We have already started seeing the early
features of 3G technologies being implemented
in our phones, i.e., the video phones in the
market.
It remains to be seen how much of the
promised features and applications are actually
implemented in today’s economy.
However, they have been slow in coming in.
Let’s see what the future holds…
People want connectivity all the time and everywhere. A banker flies from New York to Tokyo, grabs a taxi and heads to an important meeting. During the taxi ride, he flips open his wireless broadband handset and gets video feeds of the latest figures he needs for his meeting and gets pictures and bios of the people he is about to meet. An insurance appraiser (adjuster) drives to the scene of a natural disaster and uses her handset to send pictures of the site to her supervisors. Paramedics at an accident scene, send videos of the victim’s injuries to physicians at a trauma center to prepare them.
These and many more are the services that 3G systems are attempting to be able to provide. Ever since the advent of radio telephony in World War I, man’s hunger for better, faster connectivity and evermore services has been growing. The first wireless telephones in the late 1940s provided only basic half-duplex analog voice. These evolved into full-duplex systems in the 1960s but they had very limited capacity.
