This document provides information about hydrological terminology and cardinal directions. It defines terms like sunrise, sunset, dawn, twilight, and dusk. It discusses northern meteorological seasons and includes images to illustrate sunrise, sunset, dawn, and twilight. It also discusses cardinal directions, longitude and latitude, prepositions of place, and giving directions. Finally, it provides information about frameworks, farming techniques, research methods, ecosystems, river anatomy, the water cycle, and groundwater.
Trade wind deserts are formed by the Hadley cell circulation pattern. Warm air rises at the equator, causing low pressure. As the air moves away and cools, it sinks over the tropics, creating high pressure that prevents rain formation. No rain leads to desert conditions in these areas. Rain shadow deserts occur when moist air is forced to rise over hills or mountains, condensing and raining on one side while dry air sinks on the lee side, creating a desert.
The document discusses latitude and longitude, which are used to locate positions on Earth. Latitude lines run horizontally around the globe and indicate how far north or south a place is from the equator. Longitude lines run vertically and indicate how far east or west a place is from the prime meridian in Greenwich, England. Together, a latitude and longitude coordinate precisely locates any place on Earth. The document also discusses time zones and standard time, which were developed to allow for consistent timekeeping across different regions as travel and communication expanded globally.
The document provides information about geography, weather, climate and their related concepts. It defines key terms like weather, climate, precipitation and clouds. It describes the formation of clouds and precipitation. It also explains factors that influence weather and climate such as latitude, altitude, winds, temperature etc. Measurement instruments for different weather elements are defined. The three main thermal zones of the earth are described along with how various geographic factors affect temperature.
The document discusses the history and development of latitude, longitude, and timekeeping systems. It explains that latitude and longitude were developed in the Middle Ages to create a global grid system for location. It then provides details on latitude and longitude lines and degrees, and how they are used to precisely locate places on Earth. The document also outlines the development of standardized time zones to facilitate global communication and travel, and covers the establishment of the Prime Meridian, International Date Line, and daylight saving time.
The document discusses weather maps and how they are used to predict weather conditions. It provides information on several key topics:
- The atmosphere helps regulate Earth's temperature and creates weather through the movement of air masses. Weather maps show current conditions.
- Weather is influenced by properties like temperature, humidity and pressure. Maps depict systems like cold fronts, warm fronts and stationary fronts to understand weather changes.
- High and low pressure areas circulate clockwise and counterclockwise respectively, affecting wind patterns and whether conditions will be clear or stormy. Weather maps are interpreted to forecast upcoming weather.
The document provides information about weather maps and weather concepts. It discusses key elements of weather maps including isobars, pressure cells, wind direction and speed. It explains that high pressure cells bring clear skies while low pressure cells bring cloud and rain. It also summarizes different types of rainfall including convectional, orographic and frontal rainfall. Seasons are determined by the positioning of pressure systems with lows over northern Australia in summer and highs in winter.
The document discusses the concepts of latitude, longitude, time zones, and how locations on Earth are specified using these coordinate systems. It explains that latitude lines run parallel east-west and longitude lines run perpendicular north-south, with the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, England defining 0 degrees. It describes how the Earth is divided into 24 time zones that are approximately 15 degrees wide to standardized time globally.
Cold fronts occur when a colder air mass replaces a warmer one, pushing the warm air up and causing heavier precipitation. Warm fronts are more gradual, with lighter and more widespread precipitation. When a cold front passes, temperatures can drop more than 15 degrees in an hour, while warm fronts bring warmer and more humid conditions.
Trade wind deserts are formed by the Hadley cell circulation pattern. Warm air rises at the equator, causing low pressure. As the air moves away and cools, it sinks over the tropics, creating high pressure that prevents rain formation. No rain leads to desert conditions in these areas. Rain shadow deserts occur when moist air is forced to rise over hills or mountains, condensing and raining on one side while dry air sinks on the lee side, creating a desert.
The document discusses latitude and longitude, which are used to locate positions on Earth. Latitude lines run horizontally around the globe and indicate how far north or south a place is from the equator. Longitude lines run vertically and indicate how far east or west a place is from the prime meridian in Greenwich, England. Together, a latitude and longitude coordinate precisely locates any place on Earth. The document also discusses time zones and standard time, which were developed to allow for consistent timekeeping across different regions as travel and communication expanded globally.
The document provides information about geography, weather, climate and their related concepts. It defines key terms like weather, climate, precipitation and clouds. It describes the formation of clouds and precipitation. It also explains factors that influence weather and climate such as latitude, altitude, winds, temperature etc. Measurement instruments for different weather elements are defined. The three main thermal zones of the earth are described along with how various geographic factors affect temperature.
The document discusses the history and development of latitude, longitude, and timekeeping systems. It explains that latitude and longitude were developed in the Middle Ages to create a global grid system for location. It then provides details on latitude and longitude lines and degrees, and how they are used to precisely locate places on Earth. The document also outlines the development of standardized time zones to facilitate global communication and travel, and covers the establishment of the Prime Meridian, International Date Line, and daylight saving time.
The document discusses weather maps and how they are used to predict weather conditions. It provides information on several key topics:
- The atmosphere helps regulate Earth's temperature and creates weather through the movement of air masses. Weather maps show current conditions.
- Weather is influenced by properties like temperature, humidity and pressure. Maps depict systems like cold fronts, warm fronts and stationary fronts to understand weather changes.
- High and low pressure areas circulate clockwise and counterclockwise respectively, affecting wind patterns and whether conditions will be clear or stormy. Weather maps are interpreted to forecast upcoming weather.
The document provides information about weather maps and weather concepts. It discusses key elements of weather maps including isobars, pressure cells, wind direction and speed. It explains that high pressure cells bring clear skies while low pressure cells bring cloud and rain. It also summarizes different types of rainfall including convectional, orographic and frontal rainfall. Seasons are determined by the positioning of pressure systems with lows over northern Australia in summer and highs in winter.
The document discusses the concepts of latitude, longitude, time zones, and how locations on Earth are specified using these coordinate systems. It explains that latitude lines run parallel east-west and longitude lines run perpendicular north-south, with the Prime Meridian at Greenwich, England defining 0 degrees. It describes how the Earth is divided into 24 time zones that are approximately 15 degrees wide to standardized time globally.
Cold fronts occur when a colder air mass replaces a warmer one, pushing the warm air up and causing heavier precipitation. Warm fronts are more gradual, with lighter and more widespread precipitation. When a cold front passes, temperatures can drop more than 15 degrees in an hour, while warm fronts bring warmer and more humid conditions.
This document provides information about air navigation and related concepts. It discusses:
1) How air navigation differs from navigation on land and water by involving pilotage navigation with reference to visible features.
2) Key concepts in air navigation including the shape of the Earth, latitude and longitude, great circles, magnetic variation, units of measurement, and rhumb lines.
3) Worked examples and practice problems involving the calculation of distances, bearings, tracks, and conversions between true, magnetic, and compass readings.
The document discusses latitude, longitude, time zones, and daylight saving time. It explains that:
1) Latitude and longitude were developed in the Middle Ages to create a geographic grid system. Latitude lines run horizontally while longitude lines run vertically.
2) There are 24 time zones that extend 7.5 degrees on either side of standard meridians that are 15 degrees apart, starting from the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England.
3) Daylight saving time sets clocks forward by one hour in spring and back in fall in many countries to make better use of daylight hours. Crossing the International Date Line results in a one day shift in calendar date.
Chapter 2 : World Regional Geography Natural EnvironmentNurul Ainaa
This document provides an overview of key concepts in regional geography, including the natural environment, climate types, natural hazards, resources, and human geographies. It discusses the main factors that influence the natural environment, such as weather, climate change, hazards, and natural resources. It also outlines several major climate types - tropical/equatorial, dry/arid, moderate/temperate, continental, and polar. The document then covers human geographies like language, religion, politics, and economics. It defines different political systems and economic sectors. In summary, the document introduces fundamental geographic concepts relating to the natural and human landscapes around the world.
The document discusses several key factors that affect climate:
1. Latitude - Places closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight and have a warmer climate, while areas farther from the equator have a colder climate due to the sun's rays striking at a lower angle.
2. Altitude - Higher elevations have lower air pressure and temperature, with air temperature decreasing approximately 6.5°C for every 1000 meters gained in elevation.
3. Distance from large bodies of water - Oceans and seas moderate nearby climate by slowly absorbing and releasing heat, preventing large fluctuations in air temperature.
ELEMENTS OF WEATHER CLIMATE quarter 4 week 3 DAY 1-DAY 4.pptxBryanBangiban1
The document discusses various aspects of weather and climate including:
- Weather is the short-term atmospheric conditions while climate refers to long-term weather patterns.
- Factors that affect weather and climate include latitude, altitude, land mass, bodies of water, wind systems, and rainfall.
- The Philippines has two main seasons - dry season and wet season, which are determined by prevailing wind patterns and rainfall amounts.
AS Geography - factors affecting temperature and Humiditynazeema khan
This document discusses factors that influence global temperature differences, including:
- Latitude affects temperature, with the equator being hottest and poles coldest due to the sun's angle. Seasons are also influenced by latitude.
- Proximity to bodies of water influences climate, with coastal areas having more moderate temperatures due to the ocean's heat capacity.
- Ocean currents transport heat energy around the globe.
- Temperature decreases with increasing altitude.
- Clouds impact temperatures by reflecting sunlight but also trapping heat at night.
- Wind can transport hot or cold air masses to influence local temperatures.
Geographers study the location and placement of physical and human features on Earth. They use lines of latitude and longitude to determine exact locations, with latitude and longitude coordinates specifying places. The four cardinal directions and eight intermediate directions are also used to describe relative location. Geographers examine themes such as location, region, place, movement, and human-environment interaction to understand relationships between people and their surroundings.
This document discusses key concepts about weather and climate. It defines weather as the daily atmospheric conditions in a place, while climate refers to long-term weather patterns. It then explains several components that determine weather such as air temperature, pressure, precipitation, wind, and cloud types. It provides examples of how each component influences weather patterns and phenomena like evaporation and cloud seeding. The document also discusses regional weather patterns in the Philippines and how meteorologists study and report on weather. It concludes by distinguishing climate from weather and noting how climate is changing globally due to human activities.
Std 7th Science Chapter 7 WEATHER, CLIMATE AND ADAPTATIONS OF ANIMALS TO CLIM...MVHerwadkarschool
1) The document discusses weather, climate, and how different animals adapt to climate. It defines weather as the day-to-day atmospheric conditions of a place, while climate is the average weather pattern over many years.
2) Animals in polar regions like polar bears have thick fur and layers of fat to insulate against the cold. They are also good swimmers. Penguins huddle together to keep warm.
3) Animals in tropical rainforests like monkeys, toucans, and elephants are well-adapted to life in the trees, with features that help them grasp branches or reach fruits. Elephants use their trunks to smell, pick food, and tear bark from trees.
Science9 Quarter 3:Latitude and altitude.pptxteleganne21
Latitude and altitude affect climate by determining how directly sunlight strikes an area and the air density. Places near the equator receive more direct sunlight, resulting in warmer climates. Areas farther from the equator receive sunlight at an angle, causing colder climates. Higher altitudes have less dense, colder air, while lower altitudes have denser, warmer air. The document provides examples of some of the hottest and coldest places on Earth based on their latitude and altitude.
This document provides information about factors that affect climate and how scientists study past climates. It discusses how latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, ocean currents, prevailing winds, mountains, and seasonal winds influence temperature and precipitation patterns. Scientists can learn about ancient climates by examining pollen, tree rings, and ice cores to see what plants lived in different areas over time and identify patterns that indicate climate conditions. Natural factors that can cause climate change include variations in Earth's orbit, solar activity, volcanic eruptions, and ocean currents.
Deserts are areas that receive less than 100mm of rainfall per year. Hot deserts are found between 30 degrees north and south of the equator, where there is little cloud cover and the sun's rays directly heat the land. Deserts are dry because of high pressure systems that form at 30 degrees latitude, which prevent cloud formation and rainfall. The lack of clouds also means heat easily escapes at night, leading to large temperature fluctuations.
Weather - Winds, air masses, air pressures, frontsBrandi
Weather occurs due to convection currents in the atmosphere caused by uneven heating from the sun. Warm air rises at the equator forming clouds, while cool air sinks at the poles. High and low pressure systems move across the globe along jet streams, bringing different weather depending on whether air is ascending or descending. Fronts separate air masses and influence whether conditions are sunny or stormy as warm and cold air interact.
The document provides an agenda for a geography class that will cover the key concepts of geography including the five themes: location, place, region, human-environment interaction, and movement. It defines each theme and provides examples to help students understand and identify the themes. It also includes warm-up questions, an activity using pictionary to practice identifying themes, and a closure for the class.
This document provides information about the top 20 most popular cities for tourists in 2013, as well as background information on geography, tourism, continents, climate, and other geographic concepts. The top three cities were Bangkok, London, and Paris. It also discusses key geographic elements like location (latitude and longitude), time zones, physical characteristics of places (climate, vegetation, landforms), and human/cultural characteristics. Five major climate regions are described: tropical, dry, temperate, continental, and polar.
The document discusses the weather and climate change. It provides vocabulary related to weather phenomena like blizzards, droughts, and floods. It discusses how the traditional formula that dry areas get drier and wet areas get wetter due to climate change is no longer universally valid, as some areas expected to get wetter have actually gotten drier, like parts of the Amazon, Central America, Africa and Asia. The document encourages learning about weather to start conversations and provides exercises to complete about weather topics.
The document discusses latitude and longitude as a way to locate places on Earth. It defines latitude as the measurement north or south of the equator, measured in degrees. It notes important parallels like the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn that delineate climatic zones. The activity asks students to determine the latitude and longitude of the Philippines using a globe.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in weather and climate, including:
- The difference between weather (short-term atmospheric conditions) and climate (long-term patterns).
- The factors that cause seasons, including the Earth's tilt and revolution around the sun.
- How temperature and climate are related, and the different climate zones.
- The factors that affect temperature and precipitation.
- The different types of rainfall and winds.
- How atmospheric pressure influences weather patterns through high and low pressure systems.
This document discusses three main climatic zones: tropical, equatorial, and temperate. It provides characteristics of each zone. The tropical zone extends from 0-23.5 degrees latitude and has very warm temperatures due to high solar radiation. The subtropics from 23.5-40 degrees receive less moisture and have deserts. The temperate zone from 40-60 degrees has cooler average temperatures and distinct seasons compared to the other zones.
This document discusses hydrological concepts and vocabulary. It provides definitions for terms like fog, pressure sensors, pressure transducers, the outlet or pour point of a watershed, sharp crested weirs, and seasonality indices. It also covers the differences between using will and going to for future tense in English and provides examples. Graphs and tables are included to help illustrate concepts like the impacts of land use on discharge in Andean biomes.
The document discusses hydrological concepts including flow duration curves, meteorological stations, indices used to analyze streamflow, weirs, and the relationship between upstream and downstream areas. It provides definitions and examples of flow duration curves, exceedance probability, flashiness, and how afforestation and cultivation can impact the hydrological response of different biomes. Graphs and diagrams are included to illustrate hydrological responses, streamflow variability, and the impact of land use changes.
This document provides information about air navigation and related concepts. It discusses:
1) How air navigation differs from navigation on land and water by involving pilotage navigation with reference to visible features.
2) Key concepts in air navigation including the shape of the Earth, latitude and longitude, great circles, magnetic variation, units of measurement, and rhumb lines.
3) Worked examples and practice problems involving the calculation of distances, bearings, tracks, and conversions between true, magnetic, and compass readings.
The document discusses latitude, longitude, time zones, and daylight saving time. It explains that:
1) Latitude and longitude were developed in the Middle Ages to create a geographic grid system. Latitude lines run horizontally while longitude lines run vertically.
2) There are 24 time zones that extend 7.5 degrees on either side of standard meridians that are 15 degrees apart, starting from the Prime Meridian in Greenwich, England.
3) Daylight saving time sets clocks forward by one hour in spring and back in fall in many countries to make better use of daylight hours. Crossing the International Date Line results in a one day shift in calendar date.
Chapter 2 : World Regional Geography Natural EnvironmentNurul Ainaa
This document provides an overview of key concepts in regional geography, including the natural environment, climate types, natural hazards, resources, and human geographies. It discusses the main factors that influence the natural environment, such as weather, climate change, hazards, and natural resources. It also outlines several major climate types - tropical/equatorial, dry/arid, moderate/temperate, continental, and polar. The document then covers human geographies like language, religion, politics, and economics. It defines different political systems and economic sectors. In summary, the document introduces fundamental geographic concepts relating to the natural and human landscapes around the world.
The document discusses several key factors that affect climate:
1. Latitude - Places closer to the equator receive more direct sunlight and have a warmer climate, while areas farther from the equator have a colder climate due to the sun's rays striking at a lower angle.
2. Altitude - Higher elevations have lower air pressure and temperature, with air temperature decreasing approximately 6.5°C for every 1000 meters gained in elevation.
3. Distance from large bodies of water - Oceans and seas moderate nearby climate by slowly absorbing and releasing heat, preventing large fluctuations in air temperature.
ELEMENTS OF WEATHER CLIMATE quarter 4 week 3 DAY 1-DAY 4.pptxBryanBangiban1
The document discusses various aspects of weather and climate including:
- Weather is the short-term atmospheric conditions while climate refers to long-term weather patterns.
- Factors that affect weather and climate include latitude, altitude, land mass, bodies of water, wind systems, and rainfall.
- The Philippines has two main seasons - dry season and wet season, which are determined by prevailing wind patterns and rainfall amounts.
AS Geography - factors affecting temperature and Humiditynazeema khan
This document discusses factors that influence global temperature differences, including:
- Latitude affects temperature, with the equator being hottest and poles coldest due to the sun's angle. Seasons are also influenced by latitude.
- Proximity to bodies of water influences climate, with coastal areas having more moderate temperatures due to the ocean's heat capacity.
- Ocean currents transport heat energy around the globe.
- Temperature decreases with increasing altitude.
- Clouds impact temperatures by reflecting sunlight but also trapping heat at night.
- Wind can transport hot or cold air masses to influence local temperatures.
Geographers study the location and placement of physical and human features on Earth. They use lines of latitude and longitude to determine exact locations, with latitude and longitude coordinates specifying places. The four cardinal directions and eight intermediate directions are also used to describe relative location. Geographers examine themes such as location, region, place, movement, and human-environment interaction to understand relationships between people and their surroundings.
This document discusses key concepts about weather and climate. It defines weather as the daily atmospheric conditions in a place, while climate refers to long-term weather patterns. It then explains several components that determine weather such as air temperature, pressure, precipitation, wind, and cloud types. It provides examples of how each component influences weather patterns and phenomena like evaporation and cloud seeding. The document also discusses regional weather patterns in the Philippines and how meteorologists study and report on weather. It concludes by distinguishing climate from weather and noting how climate is changing globally due to human activities.
Std 7th Science Chapter 7 WEATHER, CLIMATE AND ADAPTATIONS OF ANIMALS TO CLIM...MVHerwadkarschool
1) The document discusses weather, climate, and how different animals adapt to climate. It defines weather as the day-to-day atmospheric conditions of a place, while climate is the average weather pattern over many years.
2) Animals in polar regions like polar bears have thick fur and layers of fat to insulate against the cold. They are also good swimmers. Penguins huddle together to keep warm.
3) Animals in tropical rainforests like monkeys, toucans, and elephants are well-adapted to life in the trees, with features that help them grasp branches or reach fruits. Elephants use their trunks to smell, pick food, and tear bark from trees.
Science9 Quarter 3:Latitude and altitude.pptxteleganne21
Latitude and altitude affect climate by determining how directly sunlight strikes an area and the air density. Places near the equator receive more direct sunlight, resulting in warmer climates. Areas farther from the equator receive sunlight at an angle, causing colder climates. Higher altitudes have less dense, colder air, while lower altitudes have denser, warmer air. The document provides examples of some of the hottest and coldest places on Earth based on their latitude and altitude.
This document provides information about factors that affect climate and how scientists study past climates. It discusses how latitude, altitude, distance from large bodies of water, ocean currents, prevailing winds, mountains, and seasonal winds influence temperature and precipitation patterns. Scientists can learn about ancient climates by examining pollen, tree rings, and ice cores to see what plants lived in different areas over time and identify patterns that indicate climate conditions. Natural factors that can cause climate change include variations in Earth's orbit, solar activity, volcanic eruptions, and ocean currents.
Deserts are areas that receive less than 100mm of rainfall per year. Hot deserts are found between 30 degrees north and south of the equator, where there is little cloud cover and the sun's rays directly heat the land. Deserts are dry because of high pressure systems that form at 30 degrees latitude, which prevent cloud formation and rainfall. The lack of clouds also means heat easily escapes at night, leading to large temperature fluctuations.
Weather - Winds, air masses, air pressures, frontsBrandi
Weather occurs due to convection currents in the atmosphere caused by uneven heating from the sun. Warm air rises at the equator forming clouds, while cool air sinks at the poles. High and low pressure systems move across the globe along jet streams, bringing different weather depending on whether air is ascending or descending. Fronts separate air masses and influence whether conditions are sunny or stormy as warm and cold air interact.
The document provides an agenda for a geography class that will cover the key concepts of geography including the five themes: location, place, region, human-environment interaction, and movement. It defines each theme and provides examples to help students understand and identify the themes. It also includes warm-up questions, an activity using pictionary to practice identifying themes, and a closure for the class.
This document provides information about the top 20 most popular cities for tourists in 2013, as well as background information on geography, tourism, continents, climate, and other geographic concepts. The top three cities were Bangkok, London, and Paris. It also discusses key geographic elements like location (latitude and longitude), time zones, physical characteristics of places (climate, vegetation, landforms), and human/cultural characteristics. Five major climate regions are described: tropical, dry, temperate, continental, and polar.
The document discusses the weather and climate change. It provides vocabulary related to weather phenomena like blizzards, droughts, and floods. It discusses how the traditional formula that dry areas get drier and wet areas get wetter due to climate change is no longer universally valid, as some areas expected to get wetter have actually gotten drier, like parts of the Amazon, Central America, Africa and Asia. The document encourages learning about weather to start conversations and provides exercises to complete about weather topics.
The document discusses latitude and longitude as a way to locate places on Earth. It defines latitude as the measurement north or south of the equator, measured in degrees. It notes important parallels like the Tropic of Cancer and Capricorn that delineate climatic zones. The activity asks students to determine the latitude and longitude of the Philippines using a globe.
This document provides an overview of key concepts in weather and climate, including:
- The difference between weather (short-term atmospheric conditions) and climate (long-term patterns).
- The factors that cause seasons, including the Earth's tilt and revolution around the sun.
- How temperature and climate are related, and the different climate zones.
- The factors that affect temperature and precipitation.
- The different types of rainfall and winds.
- How atmospheric pressure influences weather patterns through high and low pressure systems.
This document discusses three main climatic zones: tropical, equatorial, and temperate. It provides characteristics of each zone. The tropical zone extends from 0-23.5 degrees latitude and has very warm temperatures due to high solar radiation. The subtropics from 23.5-40 degrees receive less moisture and have deserts. The temperate zone from 40-60 degrees has cooler average temperatures and distinct seasons compared to the other zones.
This document discusses hydrological concepts and vocabulary. It provides definitions for terms like fog, pressure sensors, pressure transducers, the outlet or pour point of a watershed, sharp crested weirs, and seasonality indices. It also covers the differences between using will and going to for future tense in English and provides examples. Graphs and tables are included to help illustrate concepts like the impacts of land use on discharge in Andean biomes.
The document discusses hydrological concepts including flow duration curves, meteorological stations, indices used to analyze streamflow, weirs, and the relationship between upstream and downstream areas. It provides definitions and examples of flow duration curves, exceedance probability, flashiness, and how afforestation and cultivation can impact the hydrological response of different biomes. Graphs and diagrams are included to illustrate hydrological responses, streamflow variability, and the impact of land use changes.
This document provides information about hydrology topics including:
- Objectives of becoming familiar with the present perfect tense and hydrology facts.
- Seven SI base units including mass, length, and time.
- Water stress by country and how it occurs when demand exceeds available supply.
- Hydraulic conductivity and how it measures how easily water can flow through soil.
- Examples of using the present perfect tense to talk about experiences and changes over time.
- Differences between using the active and passive voice.
The document provides objectives and content for a fourth class on hydrology vocabulary and concepts. It aims to introduce students to the simple past and present perfect tenses, phonetic alphabet, and pronunciation of verb endings. It also provides vocabulary practice with adjectives, nouns, verbs and irregular verbs related to hydrology terms. Students are given sentences to practice verb tenses and prompts to describe pictures using hydrology vocabulary.
The document provides information about mountains, wetlands, soils, and comparative and superlative adjectives. It begins with objectives for a 3rd class lesson including learning parts of mountains, the preposition "than", and forming phrases with comparatives and superlatives. It then defines types of wetlands like marshes, swamps, and bogs. Several sections describe different soil types and orders. The document also explains how to form regular and irregular comparative and superlative adjectives in English. Examples are provided throughout to illustrate these grammar points.
This document provides information about basic agricultural terminology and concepts related to farming in the Andes region. It includes objectives of learning agricultural vocabulary, key stages of the agricultural cycle like seeding and germination, different pollinating agents, and irrigation methods. It also discusses challenges like difficult extraction of groundwater, vulnerability of crops to pests and sprouts, and vulnerability of surface water sources to environmental changes. Main types of human interventions in farming discussed are cultivation using plowing and machinery, as well as grazing of livestock. Key crops mentioned are tubers like cassava, cereals like rice and corn, and issues like crop protection, estimation and monitoring are highlighted.
This document contains notes from a calculus workshop covering several topics:
1) Arc length and applications of integrals.
2) Probability density functions and using integrals to find probabilities and means.
3) Parametric equations and eliminating parameters to sketch curves.
4) Vectors, dot products, cross products, and using them to find angles between vectors.
5) Coordinate systems including Cartesian, polar, cylindrical and spherical coordinates.
6) Double and triple integrals including finding areas, volumes, and changing coordinates.
The document appears to be notes from a calculus workshop or class covering several topics:
- Conic sections and putting equations into standard form.
- Quadric surfaces and their applications in physics for cooling towers.
- Limits, derivatives, integrals, and their definitions and applications in physics for concepts like velocity and acceleration.
- Substitution techniques for integrals and trigonometric substitutions.
- Riemann sums and using them to define the definite integral.
- References are provided for further reading on topics like quadric surfaces, conic sections, derivatives and integrals, and their uses in physics.
This document discusses counting methods and probability theory. It begins by explaining that counting objects systematically is required to understand elementary probability. It then covers the addition and multiplication principle for counting outcomes, the spaces method for counting arrangements and combinations, and subgroups and arrangements of people. It provides examples and explanations of different counting techniques.
Here is a revised summary using appropriate language to describe changes over time:
The graph shows how birth and death rates in New Zealand fluctuated between 1901 and 2101. In the early 20th century, the birth rate was much higher than the death rate, with around 20,000 births and 9,000 deaths recorded in 1901. Births peaked at around 66,000 in the mid-1900s while deaths reached a high of 23,000.
Over the course of the 20th century, both rates declined steadily. By 2001, there were 55,000 births and 38,000 deaths annually. The graph projects that this downward trend will continue into the 21st century. It is predicted that by 2061, the death rate will
The document contains notes from physics lessons on kinematics, dynamics, projectile motion, free fall, calorimetry, and the conservation of energy. Key concepts covered include one-dimensional motion, uniform acceleration, free body diagrams, Newton's laws of motion, projectile motion equations, specific heat and latent heat, and the law of conservation of energy. Sample problems are provided throughout to demonstrate applications of these physics principles.
The document provides an overview of general chemistry topics including units and measurement, atomic structure, electron configurations, bonding, states of matter, chemical processes, nuclear chemistry, pH, electrochemistry, gases, and methods of separation. It defines key terms and concepts, provides examples and diagrams, and includes practice problems and quizzes on these fundamental chemistry subjects.
This document provides information about trigonometry and geometry concepts. It discusses Pythagorean triples and the Pythagorean theorem. It then explains trigonometric functions like sine, cosine, and tangent. It also discusses generating Pythagorean triples and using trig functions for angles greater than 90 degrees. Finally, it covers topics like the unit circle, solving trigonometric equations, triangulation using the sine and cosine rules, and properties of circles, triangles, polygons, and other geometric shapes.
This document contains a collection of math problems, definitions, explanations and examples related to various math topics. It includes 23 sections with problems on fractions, ratios, proportions, sequences, word problems and more. Key concepts explained include direct and inverse proportions, prime numbers, factors and divisors, operations with fractions and decimals. Several math problems are presented without solutions for practice, such as finding the width of strips to cut cloth or calculating travel times based on rates.
Embedded machine learning-based road conditions and driving behavior monitoringIJECEIAES
Car accident rates have increased in recent years, resulting in losses in human lives, properties, and other financial costs. An embedded machine learning-based system is developed to address this critical issue. The system can monitor road conditions, detect driving patterns, and identify aggressive driving behaviors. The system is based on neural networks trained on a comprehensive dataset of driving events, driving styles, and road conditions. The system effectively detects potential risks and helps mitigate the frequency and impact of accidents. The primary goal is to ensure the safety of drivers and vehicles. Collecting data involved gathering information on three key road events: normal street and normal drive, speed bumps, circular yellow speed bumps, and three aggressive driving actions: sudden start, sudden stop, and sudden entry. The gathered data is processed and analyzed using a machine learning system designed for limited power and memory devices. The developed system resulted in 91.9% accuracy, 93.6% precision, and 92% recall. The achieved inference time on an Arduino Nano 33 BLE Sense with a 32-bit CPU running at 64 MHz is 34 ms and requires 2.6 kB peak RAM and 139.9 kB program flash memory, making it suitable for resource-constrained embedded systems.
Harnessing WebAssembly for Real-time Stateless Streaming PipelinesChristina Lin
Traditionally, dealing with real-time data pipelines has involved significant overhead, even for straightforward tasks like data transformation or masking. However, in this talk, we’ll venture into the dynamic realm of WebAssembly (WASM) and discover how it can revolutionize the creation of stateless streaming pipelines within a Kafka (Redpanda) broker. These pipelines are adept at managing low-latency, high-data-volume scenarios.
We have compiled the most important slides from each speaker's presentation. This year’s compilation, available for free, captures the key insights and contributions shared during the DfMAy 2024 conference.
A review on techniques and modelling methodologies used for checking electrom...nooriasukmaningtyas
The proper function of the integrated circuit (IC) in an inhibiting electromagnetic environment has always been a serious concern throughout the decades of revolution in the world of electronics, from disjunct devices to today’s integrated circuit technology, where billions of transistors are combined on a single chip. The automotive industry and smart vehicles in particular, are confronting design issues such as being prone to electromagnetic interference (EMI). Electronic control devices calculate incorrect outputs because of EMI and sensors give misleading values which can prove fatal in case of automotives. In this paper, the authors have non exhaustively tried to review research work concerned with the investigation of EMI in ICs and prediction of this EMI using various modelling methodologies and measurement setups.
Literature Review Basics and Understanding Reference Management.pptxDr Ramhari Poudyal
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KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
2. 2
OBJECTIVES
• Get familiar with some hydrological terminology.
• Learn the special collocations for places and
also expressions of cardinal directions.
• Be able to form simple phrases and sentences
with the passive voice.
• Learn the ending sounds for passive form
verbs.
SECOND CLASS
3. 3
Among the celestial bodies, it is above all the sun which serves as
a conceptual source for cardinal directions. The Morning Stars as
well as the firmament also have this function.
Brown (1983) claims that identification of EAST through reference to
the rising of the sun and of WEST to the setting of the sun
constitutes the most conventional manner of developing terms for
cardinal directions.
INTRODUCTION
4. 4
Sunrise: when the sun rises
Sunset: when the sun sinks over the horizon
Dawn: the brief period of time when the sun is beginning to lighten the sky
Twilight:
Definition 1: After the sun has set but there's still diffuse light enough to see.
The light is soft and kind of purply grey.
Definition 2: it’s the name given to the period between dawn and sunrise,
or between sunset and dusk
Dusk: towards the end of twilight, before it gets totally dark
DAWN, DUSK, SUNRISE, SUNSET AND TWILIGHT
12. 12
METEREOLOGICAL SEASONS
Northern Meteorological Seasons
• Spring runs from March 1 to May 31;
• Summer runs from June 1 to August 31;
• Fall (autumn) runs from September 1 to November 30; and
• Winter runs from December 1 to February 28 (February 29 in
a leap year)
16. 16
Cardinal Directions Poetry
Geese on the Go
Where do geese fly
in the spring?
The geese fly north
when Little birds sing.
Why don’t the geese fly
to the west?
I’m not sure.
What’s your guess?
Do the geese fly east
in the fall?
No, the geese don’t do
that at all.
Where do the geese fly
when it snows?
The geese head south
when the cold wind blows
19. 19
• at around 10-15°N, at the equator, and at 15°S, and an inshore
longitudinal partition at around 95°-
100°W. The latitudinal partition around 15°N is also consistent…
• of provenance and the geographical position defined by latitude
and longitude or the latitudinal and longitudinal range
• climates compared to concentrations near sources, on
altitudinal and latitudinal scales described by Wania and
Mackay (1996).
SOME SENTENCE TO PRACTICE LONGITUDE AND
LATITUDE LOCATION
20. 20
It extends from the Larense Depression to the west to the
peninsulas of Paria and Araya to the east.
It extends from Lebanese territory north-east in to the Syrian Arab
Republic proper.
It extends from your pelvis to your knee.
It extends from just below the rib cage to the pelvis.
This is the reserve's largest zone (234,146 hectares) and it extends
from the central region north and south to...
It extends from the South Atlantic Ocean to the west along
the entire border of Namibia.
It extends from the north of Peru down to the centre of Chile, with
cold waters with a temperature of 18-19ºC.
LET’S DESCRIBE EXTENSION
21. 21
THE MOST COMMONLY USED PREPOSITIONS AND ADVERBS OF
PLACE
Some important prepositions to remember when getting or giving
directions are:
• Between
• Left and Right
• Next to
• Straight Ahead
And the adverbs near, nearer, nearest and close, closer, closest will be
very useful when you need to find something fast.
22. 22
USE IMPERATIVE SENTENCES WHEN GIVING INSTRUCTIONS
And expect people to use them when explaining to you where to go.
Examples:
Go down this street!
Go straight and up the stairs!
Go down the escalators!
DON’T BE AFRAID OF USING LANDMARKS
Every city in the world has its own landmarks. You can cut down on search
time if you know what the important landmarks are in the city or place you are
visiting. For example, in London, England, the main landmark is Big Ben.
Some landmarks in Toronto are the Eaton Centre, the CN Tower, and the
Rogers Centre.
Examples:
The Aquarium is next to the CN Tower!
Go past the hospital and then turn left.
After the supermarket, you will see the bus stop.
23. 23
We usually use north, south, east, west, not northern, southern,
eastern and western, to refer to specific places or to direction of
movement. We can use north, south, east and west as adjectives or
adverbs and occasionally as nouns:
• More and more people are buying second homes on the south
coast of Ireland. (adjective)
• After Bangkok, we drove north for about six hours (adverb)
• Strong Atlantic winds are forecast in the west of Portugal (noun)
We normally use CAPITAL LETTERS in place names with north, south,
east and west:
• The conference is taking place in North Dakota.
• Bargain flights to South America from London Gatwick from £350.
LOCATION
24. 24
Northern, southern, eastern and western: larger areas
We commonly use northern, southern, eastern and western (without capital
letters) to refer to larger areas or territory. We can only use them as
adjectives:
The northern parts of India have suffered severe flooding.
Houses are more expensive in most western parts of the country.
Some names of specific places have capital letters for northern, southern,
eastern and western:
• We are holidaying in Northern Ireland next year. (name of a region)
• Perth is the capital of Western Australia. (name of a state)
• San Diego is my favorite place in southern California. (a part or region of
a state but NOT the name of a state)
25. 25
PASSIVE VOICE INTRODUCTION
ADVICE ON RESEARCHES
Global experience seems to show that it is more functional to start from
a prior CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK that the group considers
aceptable
The adopted methodology is based on the combination of
quantitative and qualitative data
27. 27
BASIS FOR
COMPARISON
INTENSIVE FARMING EXTENSIVE FARMING
Meaning Intensive Farming refers
to an agricultural
system, wherein there
is high level use of labor
and capital, in
comparison to the land
area.
Extensive Farming is a
farming technique, in
which large farms are
being cultivated, with
relatively lower inputs,
i.e. capital and labor.
Population It is practiced in
densely populated
region.
It is practiced in
moderately populated
region.
Land holding Small and expensive Large and inexpensive
Farmland Near to the market Remotely located
Per hectare output Large Small
Difference Between Intensive and Extensive Farming
Comparison Chart
28. 28
The legal framework and the mechanism to protect the
natural environment
there is a political framework for peace
the public sector must establish an appropriate
legal framework for contract procurement and private
sector investment.
Adresses a sufficient but not excessive level of variables
This framework is then adapted, modified and simplified.
CONSTRUCT SENTENCES USING PASSIVE VOICE with the noun
framework
31. 31
Selected quantitative variables with the greatest impact on the water
balance within watersheds
Source: Urban planning based on watersheds: from theoretical debate
to municipal management
http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?pid=S1414-
753X2015000300009&script=sci_arttext&tlng=en
32. 32
Open ocean: The largest marine
ecosystem
SALTWATER ECOSYSTEMS
Wetlands
Coral Reefs Estuaries: Where saltwater and freshwater
meet to make a brackish mix
Source: https://sciencing.com/types-saltwater-ecosystems-6385556.html#
40. 40
REFERENCES
Expressions of Cardinal Directions in Nilotic and in Ubangian Languages
http://www.skase.sk/Volumes/JTL10/pdf_doc/2.pdf
10 Tips on how to ask for directions in english
https://www.ilac.com/10-tips-on-how-to-ask-for-directions-in-english/
Cardinal Directions and Map
https://www.nationalgeographic.org/activity/cardinal-directions-and-maps/
Difference Between Intensive and Extensive Farming
https://keydifferences.com/difference-between-intensive-and-extensive-
farming.html
Qualitative vs. Quantitative Research
https://www.simplypsychology.org/qualitative-quantitative.html