This document summarizes a student's thesis on interpreting 2D seismic data and conducting volumetric analysis of the Dhulian area in the Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan. The objectives were to map the subsurface structure through seismic interpretation, prepare time and depth sections, analyze well data from Dhulian-43, and calculate the remaining oil potential. Key findings included that the Dhulian structure is a thrust-bounded, salt-cored anticline compartmentalized by faults. Reservoir analysis of the Chorgali and Lockhart formations showed good porosity and hydrocarbon saturation. Estimated original oil in place was 65-175 million barrels depending on the scenario. More data was recommended to better define the structure.
WELL LOG : Types of Logs, The Bore Hole Image, Interpreting Geophysical Well Logs, applications, Production logs, Well Log Classification and Cataloging
WELL LOG : Types of Logs, The Bore Hole Image, Interpreting Geophysical Well Logs, applications, Production logs, Well Log Classification and Cataloging
This presentation is all about Petroleum Engineering, Prospecting oil and gas, drilling and various drilling methods, logs and its types, different Drive Mechanisms, etc......
3D Facies Modelling project using Petrel software. Msc Geology and Geophysics
Abstract
The Montserrat and Sant Llorenç del Munt fan-delta complexes were developed during the Eocene in the Ebro basin. The depositional stratigraphic record of these fan deltas has been described as a made up by a several transgressive and regressive composite sequences each made up by several fundamental sequences. Each sequence set is in turn composed by five main facies belts: proximal alluvial fan, distal alluvial fan, delta front, carbonates platforms and prodelta.
Using outcrop data from three composite sequences (Sant Vicenç, Vilomara and Manresa), a 3D facies model was built. The key sequential traces of the studied area georeferenced and digitalized on to photorealistic terrain models, were the hard data used as input to reconstruct the main surfaces, which are separating transgressive and regressive stacking patterns. Regarding the facies modelling has been achieved using a geostatistical algorithm in order to define the stacking trend and the interfingerings of adjacent facies belts, and five paleogeographyc maps to reproduce the paleogeometry of the facies belts within each system tract.
The final model has been checked, using a real cross section, and analysed in order to obtain information about the Delta Front facies which are the ones susceptible to be analogous of a reservoir. Attending to the results including eight probability maps of occurrence, the transgressive sequence set of Vilomara is the greatest accumulation of these facies explained by its agradational component.
is one of the first steps in
searching for oil and gas resources that directly
affects the land and the landowners Seismic surveys are like sonar on steroids They are based on recording the time it takes for sound waves generated by controlled energy sources .The survey usually requires people and machinery
to be on private property and may result in
disturbances of the land such as the clearing of
trees
Brief review on Direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI).
The presentation is a part from Seismic data interpretation course that i teach for undergraduates.
The sources are indicated in the references list.
Contact me via: hatem_refaat95@hotmail.com
Seismic interpretation is a critical step in evaluating the subsurface, as it turns the large investments in seismic data to tangible value to base all E&P decisions. It is essential for explorationists to learn to execute this key skill in their career.
This presentation is all about Petroleum Engineering, Prospecting oil and gas, drilling and various drilling methods, logs and its types, different Drive Mechanisms, etc......
3D Facies Modelling project using Petrel software. Msc Geology and Geophysics
Abstract
The Montserrat and Sant Llorenç del Munt fan-delta complexes were developed during the Eocene in the Ebro basin. The depositional stratigraphic record of these fan deltas has been described as a made up by a several transgressive and regressive composite sequences each made up by several fundamental sequences. Each sequence set is in turn composed by five main facies belts: proximal alluvial fan, distal alluvial fan, delta front, carbonates platforms and prodelta.
Using outcrop data from three composite sequences (Sant Vicenç, Vilomara and Manresa), a 3D facies model was built. The key sequential traces of the studied area georeferenced and digitalized on to photorealistic terrain models, were the hard data used as input to reconstruct the main surfaces, which are separating transgressive and regressive stacking patterns. Regarding the facies modelling has been achieved using a geostatistical algorithm in order to define the stacking trend and the interfingerings of adjacent facies belts, and five paleogeographyc maps to reproduce the paleogeometry of the facies belts within each system tract.
The final model has been checked, using a real cross section, and analysed in order to obtain information about the Delta Front facies which are the ones susceptible to be analogous of a reservoir. Attending to the results including eight probability maps of occurrence, the transgressive sequence set of Vilomara is the greatest accumulation of these facies explained by its agradational component.
is one of the first steps in
searching for oil and gas resources that directly
affects the land and the landowners Seismic surveys are like sonar on steroids They are based on recording the time it takes for sound waves generated by controlled energy sources .The survey usually requires people and machinery
to be on private property and may result in
disturbances of the land such as the clearing of
trees
Brief review on Direct hydrocarbon indicators (DHI).
The presentation is a part from Seismic data interpretation course that i teach for undergraduates.
The sources are indicated in the references list.
Contact me via: hatem_refaat95@hotmail.com
Seismic interpretation is a critical step in evaluating the subsurface, as it turns the large investments in seismic data to tangible value to base all E&P decisions. It is essential for explorationists to learn to execute this key skill in their career.
Seismic data Interpretation On Dhodak field PakistanJamal Ahmad
I (Jamal Ahmad) presented this on 21 Feb, 2009 to defend my M.Phil dissertation in Geophysics at QAU, Islamabad, Pakistan. For more information about this, you may contact me directly at jamal.qau@gmail.com.
Avo ppt (Amplitude Variation with Offset)Haseeb Ahmed
AVO/AVA can physically explain presence of hydrocarbon in the reservoirs and the thickness, porosity, density, velocity, lithology and fluid content of the reservoir of the rock can be estimated.
Fault Enhancement Using Spectrally Based Seismic Attributes -- Dewett and Hen...Dustin Dewett
Fault interpretation in seismic data is a critical task that must be completed to thoroughly understand the structural history of the subsurface. The development of similarity-based attributes has allowed geoscientists to effectively filter a seismic data set to highlight discontinuities that are often associated with fault systems. Furthermore, there are numerous workflows that provide, to varying degrees, the ability to enhance this seismic attribute family. We have developed a new method, spectral similarity, to improve the similarity enhancement by integrating spectral decomposition, swarm intelligence, magnitude filtering, and orientated smoothing. In addition, the spectral similarity method has the ability to take any seismic attribute (e.g., similarity, curvature, total energy, coherent energy gradient, reflector rotation, etc.), combine it with the benefits of spectral decomposition, and create an accurate enhancement to similarity attributes. The final result is an increase in the quality of the similarity enhancement over previously used methods, and it can be computed entirely in commercial software packages. Specifically, the spectral similarity method provides a more realistic fault dip, reduction of noise, and removal of the discontinuous “stair-step” pattern common to similarity volumes.
Developing Conceptual Aquifer Geometry, Structural Geological Control and Pos...iosrjce
IOSR Journal of Applied Geology and Geophysics (IOSR-JAGG) is a double blind peer reviewed International Journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Applied Geology and Geophysics. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Applied Geology and Geophysics. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
“The geological structures in the Bight basin and the possibility of petroleum” school exercise which I made in a group. This was one of our class subject.
Document is published in English, I hope the readers will get some effective information
Remote Sensing Technique as Exploration Tool for Ground water in Parts of the...theijes
The study area lies within latitudes 8°00' – 9°00'N and longitudes 11°30' – 12°30'E. Analysis of remote sensing imageries of part of the Upper Benue Trough of Nigeria was carried out on a scale of 1:100,000. The aim of this study includes the structural interpretation of the remote sensing data and the identification of the lineament and drainage patterns associated with the area to infer the influence of such structures on the economic potential of the basin. Results of the structural analysis revealed numerous lineaments. Trend analysis of the lineaments plotted on a rose diagram using the strikes and lengths of the entire lineaments revealed structural trends predominating in the NE-SW direction. The absence of visible lineaments in parts of the area may not indicate absence of geological structures. Some of these lineaments were found on some drainages showing that the drainages in those areas are structurally and tectonically controlled. The areas where the lineaments cross each other are indicative of groundwater availability and there correspond to regions of mean topographic height of about 900m
After emerging from the resources wilderness thanks to its world-class geology and industry-friendly government policies, South Australia is now a leader in Australian mining and hydrocarbon developments over the last decade.
In little more than a decade the State has gone from four operating mines to more than 20 and is rated Australia’s second most popular exploration destination.
With a comprehensive review of the Mining Act under way, the State’s attractiveness as a place for resources and energy investment is expected to be strengthened.
South Australia is now a leader in the exploration for next generation energy sources with companies such as Santos and BP leading the charge, while initiatives such as the Government’s Copper Strategy – designed to treble annual copper production to 1 mtpa – is set to establish the State as one of the world’s premier producers of the red metal.
In the energy space, uranium and nuclear energy is another area of keen interest, with the South Australian Government initiating a Royal Commission into Participation in the Nuclear Fuel Cycle in 2016.
The State has become synonymous with innovation, cutting-edge development and a remarkable rate of discovery. From uranium prospects, to geothermal energy and the buoyant hydrocarbons sector, South Australia is now a leader in the exploration for next generation energy sources.
With full support from the Department of State Development, the South Australian Resources and Energy Investment Conference will continue to showcase this burgeoning sector in 2017. From copper plays in the Gawler Craton, to iron ore and graphite developments on the Eyre Peninsula and the emergence of the State as a new hydrocarbon frontier, South Australia’s resources potential is at last being fully recognised.
The conference will feature the success stories and emerging players in the State from both minerals and oil and gas and will also tackle thorny industry issues such as infrastructure, corporate social responsibility and the future of the Woomera Prohibited Area.
Francesca Gottschalk - How can education support child empowerment.pptxEduSkills OECD
Francesca Gottschalk from the OECD’s Centre for Educational Research and Innovation presents at the Ask an Expert Webinar: How can education support child empowerment?
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty, In...Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Exploiting Artificial Intelligence for Empowering Researchers and Faculty,
International FDP on Fundamentals of Research in Social Sciences
at Integral University, Lucknow, 06.06.2024
By Dr. Vinod Kumar Kanvaria
Macroeconomics- Movie Location
This will be used as part of your Personal Professional Portfolio once graded.
Objective:
Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
Biological screening of herbal drugs: Introduction and Need for
Phyto-Pharmacological Screening, New Strategies for evaluating
Natural Products, In vitro evaluation techniques for Antioxidants, Antimicrobial and Anticancer drugs. In vivo evaluation techniques
for Anti-inflammatory, Antiulcer, Anticancer, Wound healing, Antidiabetic, Hepatoprotective, Cardio protective, Diuretics and
Antifertility, Toxicity studies as per OECD guidelines
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...Levi Shapiro
Letter from the Congress of the United States regarding Anti-Semitism sent June 3rd to MIT President Sally Kornbluth, MIT Corp Chair, Mark Gorenberg
Dear Dr. Kornbluth and Mr. Gorenberg,
The US House of Representatives is deeply concerned by ongoing and pervasive acts of antisemitic
harassment and intimidation at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). Failing to act decisively to ensure a safe learning environment for all students would be a grave dereliction of your responsibilities as President of MIT and Chair of the MIT Corporation.
This Congress will not stand idly by and allow an environment hostile to Jewish students to persist. The House believes that your institution is in violation of Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, and the inability or
unwillingness to rectify this violation through action requires accountability.
Postsecondary education is a unique opportunity for students to learn and have their ideas and beliefs challenged. However, universities receiving hundreds of millions of federal funds annually have denied
students that opportunity and have been hijacked to become venues for the promotion of terrorism, antisemitic harassment and intimidation, unlawful encampments, and in some cases, assaults and riots.
The House of Representatives will not countenance the use of federal funds to indoctrinate students into hateful, antisemitic, anti-American supporters of terrorism. Investigations into campus antisemitism by the Committee on Education and the Workforce and the Committee on Ways and Means have been expanded into a Congress-wide probe across all relevant jurisdictions to address this national crisis. The undersigned Committees will conduct oversight into the use of federal funds at MIT and its learning environment under authorities granted to each Committee.
• The Committee on Education and the Workforce has been investigating your institution since December 7, 2023. The Committee has broad jurisdiction over postsecondary education, including its compliance with Title VI of the Civil Rights Act, campus safety concerns over disruptions to the learning environment, and the awarding of federal student aid under the Higher Education Act.
• The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is investigating the sources of funding and other support flowing to groups espousing pro-Hamas propaganda and engaged in antisemitic harassment and intimidation of students. The Committee on Oversight and Accountability is the principal oversight committee of the US House of Representatives and has broad authority to investigate “any matter” at “any time” under House Rule X.
• The Committee on Ways and Means has been investigating several universities since November 15, 2023, when the Committee held a hearing entitled From Ivory Towers to Dark Corners: Investigating the Nexus Between Antisemitism, Tax-Exempt Universities, and Terror Financing. The Committee followed the hearing with letters to those institutions on January 10, 202
June 3, 2024 Anti-Semitism Letter Sent to MIT President Kornbluth and MIT Cor...
2D Seismic Data Interpretation and Volumetric Analyis of Dhulain Area, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan
1.
2. 2-D SEISMIC DATA INTERPRETATION AND
VOLUMETRIC ANALYSIS OF DHULIAN AREA
UPPER INDUS BASIN, PAKISTAN.
FASIH AKHTAR
WASEEM ABBAS
HASNAIN ZAHOOR AWAN
SUPERVISOR: M. FAHAD MAHMOOD
EXTERNAL SUPERVISOR: Mr. SARMAD HASSAN SHARIF
2010-2014
3. OUTLINE OF PRESENTATION
Introduction Of the Area
Objectives
Methodology Adopted
Overview of Potwar Sub Basin
Petroleum System
Seismic Interpretation
Petrophysical Analysis
Conclusions
4. OBJECTIVES
To carry out the seismic data interpretation and mapping of the area
in order to understand the subsurface structural geometry of
Dhulian anticline.
Preparation of Time and Depth Sections
Petrophysical Analysis of Dhulian-43 well to understand the
reservoir potential of the structure.
Volumetric Analysis of the area to calculate remaining potential of
the structure.
5. AREA OF INVESTIGATION
The Study area of Dhulian is located in the Eastern
Potwar basin.
The Dhulian Area is bounded by Latitude 33 12'41“N
and Longitude 72 12'00“E.
The Nearest city to the Dhulian study area is Pindi Gheb.
Oil was also discovered for the first time in Indo-
Pakistan from Paleocene reservoirs, during further
appraisal of Dhulian structure.
7. A total of 49 wells were drilled in Dhulian oil field
Three wells have been drilled by Attock Oil Company
(A.O.C.)
46 wells have been drilled by Pakistan Oilfields Limited
(P.O.L)
Seven wells did not reach objective reservoirs and three wells
could not be put on production due to various technical
reasons.
14. STRUCTURE
Dhulian fold is flanked by the Soan Syncline to the south and by the
tight Pindi Gheb syncline to the north
The Dhulian structure was originally thought to be a conventional
anticline with a fold axis trending northeast southwest.
Based on this new seismic evidence, Dhulian structure was proved to
be a thrust-bounded salt-cored anticline,
It is cut across by a major wrench fault that splits Dhulian into two
major fault blocks
As a result, the Dhulian structure may be compartmentalized.
17. Depth Contour Maps
Time to Depth Conversion
Velocity Analysis
Time Contour Maps
Time Picking
Marking of Faults
Marking of Prominent Reflectors
T-D Chart
METHODOLOGY
18. DATA USED
Line
Name
PDK-102 PDK-103 PDK-104 PDK-113
WELLDATA
Line Dip line Dip line Dip line Strike line
DHULIAN-43
(Gamma ray
log, Neutron
Log and
Resistivity logs)
Line
Direction
North-South North-South North-South East-West
SP Range 108-188 108-218 108-298 108-340
Date
Recorded
1981 1981 1981 1981
21. SEISMIC SEQUENCES & REFLECTION
FEATURES
In the study area four sets of seismic sequence are encountered on the basis of
seismic reflection features.
Sequence 1: Continuous and Dark reflectors at the bottom of Seismic Section
stands for the basement of Pre-Cambrian age.
Sequence 2: Strong to medium continuous reflections, great change in
thickness, it is Infra Cambrian aged Salt Ranges Formation composed of salt
and evaporates. A great decollement plane is development.
Sequence 3: Parallel and continuous reflections high amplitude and
frequency. It stands for Paleocene –Eocene ages formation. The traditional
reservoirs in Potwar were developed in this sequence.
Sequence 4: Parallel and weak to continuous reflections. It stands for
Miocene aged Mollasse architecture.
22. REFLECTORS MARKING
In total three horizons have been mapped throughout the study
1. Chorgali Formation (Eocene)
2. Lockhart Formation (Paleocene)
3. Wargal Formation (Permian)
These three horizons comprise the target horizons for
hydrocarbon exploration in the study area.
Chorgali Formation was picked as it is a very strong
reflector beneath the Kohat Formation i.e. Eocene
23. Lockhart Formation (Paleocene) was picked in the base of
decreasing acoustic impedance from Nammal Formation
to Patala Formation and then increasing peak of Lockhart
Formation.
Wargal Formation was picked below to Lockhart
Formation. The reflection continuity is fair to good.
32. TIME CONTOUR MAPS
Contouring the time structure maps and finding structural traps are
one of the basic goals of Seismic data interpretation.
In this respect three time contour maps have been prepared on three
different horizons in the whole area at the scale of 1:50, 000.
1. Time Contour Map of Chorgali Formation (Eocene)
2. Time Contour Map of Lockhart Formation (Paleocene)
3. Time Contour Map of Wargal Formation (Permian)
33. TWT Map on Top Chorgali of Dhulian D & P
Lease
TIME CONTOUR MAP OF CHORGALI
FORMATION
34. TWT Map on Top Lockhart of Dhulian D & P Lease
TIME CONTOUR MAP OF LOCKHART
FORMATION
35. TWT Map on Top Wargal of Dhulian D & P Lease
TIME CONTOUR MAP OF WARGAL
FORMATION
36. DEPTH CONTOUR MAPS
The following depth maps have been prepared at the scale of
1:50,000 with respect to mean sea level.
1. Depth Structure Map of Chorgali Formation
2. Depth Structure Map of Lockhart Formation
3. Depth Structure Map of Wargal Formation
These maps have been prepared mainly using the drilling well tops
available on different wells in Dhulian area.
40. PETROPHYSICAL ANALYSIS
Well Dhulian-43.
Located on:
Lattitude 33 12'41“N
Longitude 72 12'00“E.
Total Depth:
3788 meters
Interpretation is done on Chorgali and Lockhart Formation.
41. WORK FLOW
Marking of
Zone of
Interest
Lithology
Identification
Volume of
Shale
Effective
Porosity
Total
Porosity
Saturation of
Water
Saturation of
Hydrocarbon
Summation
42. MARKING ZONE OF INTEREST
Formation
Starting depth
(m)
Ending depth
(m)
Total thickness
(m)
Chorgali
Fm
2494m 2560m 66m
Lockhart
Fm
2783m 2839m 56m
63. N = 7758 * GRV * N/G * Φ * So * 1/Bo
Where
7785 = Conversion factor (acre-ft*7758 =barrels)
GRV = Gross Rock Volume (acre-ft)
N/G = Net to Gross Ratio (decimal)
Φ = Porosity of this net reservoir rock (decimal)
So = Oil Saturation (decimal)
Bo = Formation Volume factor.
VOLUMETRIC RESERVE ESTIMATION
64. RESULT OF VOLUMETRIC RESERVES
Reserve Calculation
(7758*Area(acre)*Net Pay(ft)*Avg. Porosity(phi)*Sw)/Bg
Formation Case Contour
Area
(Acre)
Net Pay
(ft)
Phi avg.
(fraction)
Sw avg.
(fraction)
Bo
OIIP
(MMBL)
Recovery
Factor
Recoverable
Reserves
(MMBL)
GOR
(scf/stb)
Gas
Recovery
(BCF)
Chorgali
P90 2470 3706 130 0.05 0.28 2.047 65 30 19.5 1975 38512.5
P50 2600 6177 130 0.05 0.28 2.047 109 30 32.7 1975 64582.5
P10 2700 9884 130 0.05 0.28 2.047 175 30 52.5 1975 103687.5
65. CONCLUSIONS
The multifold seismic acquired by OXY and POL demonstrated that Dhulian
subsurface structure is more complicated than what was originally thought.
The structure is a three way dip closure bounded by thrust fault.
Based on this new seismic evidence, Dhulian structure was proved to be a
thrust-bounded salt-cored anticline.
It is cut across by a major wrench fault that splits Dhulian into two major fault
blocks.
66. RECOMMENDATIONS
For more detailed study and to define potential sites in the area, more
seismic lines are required.
High resolution seismic data and wire line logs should be acquire in future
operations.
3D seismic survey should acquire in future to obtain the maximum
information of subsurface.
67. REFERENCES
Dolan P., (1990) Pakistan: a history of petroleum
exploration and future potential; in Classic
Petroleum province edited by Brooks J. Special
Publication of The Geological Society London
Iqbal B. Kadri, (1995), Petroleum Geology of
Pakistan
Khan M. A. Ahmed R., Raza H. A., and Kemal A.,
(1986), Geology of Petroleum in Kohat-Potwar
depression, Pakistan, AAPG Bulletin, Vol 70, No. 4
Iqbal, M.W.S, and Shah, S.M.I, 1980. A guide to the
Stratigraphy of Pakistan.V.53