3D Facies Modelling project using Petrel software. Msc Geology and Geophysics
Abstract
The Montserrat and Sant Llorenç del Munt fan-delta complexes were developed during the Eocene in the Ebro basin. The depositional stratigraphic record of these fan deltas has been described as a made up by a several transgressive and regressive composite sequences each made up by several fundamental sequences. Each sequence set is in turn composed by five main facies belts: proximal alluvial fan, distal alluvial fan, delta front, carbonates platforms and prodelta.
Using outcrop data from three composite sequences (Sant Vicenç, Vilomara and Manresa), a 3D facies model was built. The key sequential traces of the studied area georeferenced and digitalized on to photorealistic terrain models, were the hard data used as input to reconstruct the main surfaces, which are separating transgressive and regressive stacking patterns. Regarding the facies modelling has been achieved using a geostatistical algorithm in order to define the stacking trend and the interfingerings of adjacent facies belts, and five paleogeographyc maps to reproduce the paleogeometry of the facies belts within each system tract.
The final model has been checked, using a real cross section, and analysed in order to obtain information about the Delta Front facies which are the ones susceptible to be analogous of a reservoir. Attending to the results including eight probability maps of occurrence, the transgressive sequence set of Vilomara is the greatest accumulation of these facies explained by its agradational component.
The analysis of all of the significant processes that formed a basin and deformed its sedimentary fill from basin-scale processes (e.g., plate tectonics)
to centimeter-scale processes (e.g., fracturing)
Seismic attributes are being used more and more often in the reservoir characterization and interpretation processes. The new software and computer’s development allows today to generate a large number of surface and volume attributes. They proved to be very useful for the facies and reservoir properties distribution in the geological models, helping to improve their quality in the areas between the wells and areas without wells. The seismic attributes can help to better understand the stratigraphic and structural features, the sedimentation processes, lithology variations, etc. By improving the static geological models, the dynamic models are also improved, helping to better understand the reservoirs’ behavior during exploitation. As a result, the estimation of the recoverable hydrocarbon volumes becomes more reliable and the development strategies will become more successful.
2 d and 3d land seismic data acquisition and seismic data processingAli Mahroug
The seismic method has three important/principal applications
a. Delineation of near-surface geology for engineering studies, and coal and mineral
exploration within a depth of up to 1km: the seismic method applied to the near –
surface studies is known as engineering seismology.
b. Hydrocarbon exploration and development within a depth of up to 10 km: seismic
method applied to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields is known
as exploration seismology.
c. Investigation of the earth’s crustal structure within a depth of up to 100 km: the
seismic method applies to the crustal and earthquake studies is known as
earthquake seismology.
The analysis of all of the significant processes that formed a basin and deformed its sedimentary fill from basin-scale processes (e.g., plate tectonics)
to centimeter-scale processes (e.g., fracturing)
Seismic attributes are being used more and more often in the reservoir characterization and interpretation processes. The new software and computer’s development allows today to generate a large number of surface and volume attributes. They proved to be very useful for the facies and reservoir properties distribution in the geological models, helping to improve their quality in the areas between the wells and areas without wells. The seismic attributes can help to better understand the stratigraphic and structural features, the sedimentation processes, lithology variations, etc. By improving the static geological models, the dynamic models are also improved, helping to better understand the reservoirs’ behavior during exploitation. As a result, the estimation of the recoverable hydrocarbon volumes becomes more reliable and the development strategies will become more successful.
2 d and 3d land seismic data acquisition and seismic data processingAli Mahroug
The seismic method has three important/principal applications
a. Delineation of near-surface geology for engineering studies, and coal and mineral
exploration within a depth of up to 1km: the seismic method applied to the near –
surface studies is known as engineering seismology.
b. Hydrocarbon exploration and development within a depth of up to 10 km: seismic
method applied to the exploration and development of oil and gas fields is known
as exploration seismology.
c. Investigation of the earth’s crustal structure within a depth of up to 100 km: the
seismic method applies to the crustal and earthquake studies is known as
earthquake seismology.
LATE QUATERNARY STRATIGRAPHIC EVOLUTION OF THE NORTHERN GULF OF MEXICO MARGINDaniel Matranga
Abstract: This volume presents results from several high-resolution stratigraphic investigations of late Quaternary strata of the northern Gulf of Mexico, from the Apalachicola River to the Rio Grande. The studies characterize deposition and strata formation associated with different fluvial and deltaic systems during the most recent glacioeustatic cycle (approximately 120 ka to present).
Editorial – October 2012 – The NEMO European Ocean Modeling platform for research and operational applications
Greetings all,
This issue is dedicated to NEMO http://www.nemo-ocean.eu/ which is the European Modeling platform for ocean research and operational applications. NEMO (Nucleus for European Modeling of the Ocean) is a software for nu-merical simulation of the ocean. NEMO is available under free license and improves in order to stay as near as possible to technical needs and breakthroughs of research and operational projects. NEMO is in use in a wide variety of applications which main objectives are oceanographic research, operational forecasts of the ocean and seasonal weather forecasts or climate change studies. The NEMO ocean platform is for example widely used in the framework of the Myocean project. Its three main components are: the ―blue ocean‖ NEMO-OPA which simu-lates the dynamics, the ―white ocean‖ NEMO-LIM which simulates the sea-ice and the ―green ocean‖ NEMO-TOP which simulates the biogeochemistry. Some other components allow data assimilation or grid nesting. NEMO also includes interfaces for ocean-atmosphere coupled configurations using the OASIS coupler. A number of ―reference configurations‖ are also available to set up and validate implementations, so as pre- and post-processing tools. All of NEMO and its documentation are available on the NEMO website http://www.nemo-ocean.eu/.
The two first papers of the present newsletter are written by Levy et al. and are presenting the NEMO ocean code: What does NEMO produces? What are the applications? Its limitations as well as the NEMO Consortium and its organization.
Then, the next paper by Gehlen et al. is discussing the coupled physical-biogeochemical ocean modeling using NEMO components. Physical components of the NEMO system have been used with success in biogeochemical research coupled to four biogeochemical models of varying complexity: PISCES (provided with the passive tracer module TOP), MEDUSA, BFM/PELAGOS and HadOCC.
Next paper by Bouttier et al. is developing the progress toward a data assimilation system for NEMO and discuss-es the first achievement steps that have been carried out to set up a data assimilation system associated to NEMO. This data assimilation system is schematically made of three subcomponents: Interface Components, Built-in Components and External Components.
Next paper by Dombrowsky et al. is dealing with NEMO within the MyOcean Monitoring and Forecasting Centers (MFCs) context. During the MyOcean project, all the Monitoring and Forecasting Centers (MFCs) have implement-ed operational model configurations in order to cover the global ocean with a focus on the European waters. The NEMO ocean platform is used is most of the MFCs.
Ferry et al. are then dealing with the use of NEMO in the MyOcean eddy permitting Global Ocean reanalyses. They illustrate the use of NEMO ocean engine in three eddy permitting global ocean reanaly
Inverse Scattering Series & Seismic Exploration - Topical Review by Arthur We...Arthur Weglein
Topical Review on the "Inverse Scattering Series & Seismic Exploration" - Seismic research by Arthur Weglein, Director M-OSRP & Professor Department of Physic University of Houston
Using sea-floor morphometrics to constrain stratigraphic models of sinuous su...Aaron Reimchen
Constructing geologically accurate reservoir models of deep-water strata is challenging due to the reliance
on incomplete or limited resolution datasets. Connecting areas of high-certainty across areas where
data is sparse or non-existent (e.g., between wellbores) is difficult and requires numerous interpretations
and assumptions. In this study, morphometric data from the Lucia Chica Channel System, offshore California,
provides high-resolution 3-D information that is used to constrain correlation and characterization
of ancient submarine channel fill deposits.
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI)inventionjournals
International Journal of Engineering and Science Invention (IJESI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of computer science and electronics. IJESI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Engineering Science and Technology, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
A global reference model of the lithosphere and upper mantle from joint inver...Sérgio Sacani
We present a new global model for the Earth’s lithosphere and upper mantle (LithoRef18) obtained
through a formal joint inversion of 3-D gravity anomalies, geoid height, satellite-derived
gravity gradients and absolute elevation complemented with seismic, thermal and petrological
prior information. The model includes crustal thickness, average crustal density, lithospheric
thickness, depth-dependent density of the lithospheric mantle, lithospheric geotherms, and average
density of the sublithospheric mantle down to 410 km depth with a surface discretization
of 2◦ × 2◦. Our results for lithospheric thickness and sublithospheric density structure are in
excellent agreement with estimates from recent seismic tomography models. A comparison
with higher resolution regional studies in a number of regions around the world indicates that
our values of crustal thickness and density are an improvement over a number of previous
global crustal models. Given the strong similarity with recent tomography models down to
410 km depth, LithoRef18 can be readily merged with these seismic models to include seismic
velocities as part of the reference model. We include several analyses of robustness and
reliability of input data, method and results. We also provide easy-to-use codes to interrogate
the model and use its predictions for the development of higher-resolution models.
Considering the model‘s features and data fitting statistics, LithoRef18 will be useful in
a wide range of geophysical and geochemical applications by serving as a reference or initial
lithospheric model for (i) higher-resolution gravity, seismological and/or integrated geophysical
studies of the lithosphere and upper mantle, (ii) including far-field effects in gravity-based
regional studies, (iii) global circulation/convection models that link the lithosphere with the
deep Earth, (iv) estimating residual, static and dynamic topography, (v) thermal modelling of
sedimentary basins and (vi) studying the links between the lithosphere and the deep Earth,
among others. Several avenues for improving the reliability of LithoRef18’s predictions are
also discussed. Finally, the inversion methodology presented in this work can be applied in
other planets for which potential field data sets are either the only or major constraints to their
internal structures (e.g. Moon, Venus, etc.).
Ecological Marine Units: A 3-D Mapping of the Ocean Based on NOAA’s World Oce...Dawn Wright
This webinar to the Ecosystem Based Management Tools Network, May 17, 2017, reported progress on the Ecological Marine Units (EMU) project, a new undertaking commissioned by the Group on Earth Observations, to develop a standardized and practical global ecosystems classification and map for the oceans. The EMU is comprised of a global point mesh framework, created from 52,487,233 points from the NOAA World Ocean Atlas. Each point has x, y, z, as well as six attributes of chemical and physical oceanographic structure (temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, nitrate, silicate, phosphate) that are likely drivers of many ecosystem responses. We identify and map 37 environmentally distinct 3D regions (candidate ‘ecosystems’) within the water column. These units can be attributed according to their productivity, direction and velocity of currents, species abundance, global seafloor geomorphology, and more. A series of data products for open access will share the 3D point mesh and EMU clusters at the surface, bottom, and within the water column, as well as 2D and 3D web apps for exploration of the EMUs and the original World Ocean Atlas data. This webinar provided an overview of the EMU project and cover recent developments and future plans for the EMUs. Webinar recording at https://www.openchannels.org/webinars/2017/ecological-marine-units-3-d-mapping-ocean-based-noaas-world-ocean-atlas
Recapitulation of some projects focused in 3D geological modelling.
- Surface based projects
- Seismic based projects
- Fault analysis based projects
- Facies modelling facies projects
- Well management based projects
Introduction Petrel Course (UAB-2014)
This course has been prepared as an introduction of Petrel software (Schlumberger, www.software.slb.com/products/platform/Pages/petrel.aspx), an application which allows the modeling and visualization of reservoirs, since the exploration stage until production, integrating geological and geophysical data, geological modeling (structural and stratigraphic frameworks), well planning, or property modeling ( petrophysical or petrological) among other possibilities.
The course will be focused mainly in the understanding and utilization of workflows aimed to build geological models based on superficial data (at the outcrop scale) but also with seismic data. The course contents have been subdivided in 5 modules each one developed through the combination of short explanations and practical exercises.
The duration of the course covers more or less 10h divided in three sessions. The starting data will be in the first week of December.
This course will be oriented mainly for the PhD and master students ascribed at the Geologic department of the UAB. For logistic reasons the maximum number of places for each torn are 9. The course is free from the Department members but the external interested will have to make a symbolic payment.
Those interested send an e-mail to the Doctor Griera (albert.griera@uab.cat).
The course will be imparted by Marc Diviu (Msc. Geology and Geophysics of reservoirs).
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
This is a presentation by Dada Robert in a Your Skill Boost masterclass organised by the Excellence Foundation for South Sudan (EFSS) on Saturday, the 25th and Sunday, the 26th of May 2024.
He discussed the concept of quality improvement, emphasizing its applicability to various aspects of life, including personal, project, and program improvements. He defined quality as doing the right thing at the right time in the right way to achieve the best possible results and discussed the concept of the "gap" between what we know and what we do, and how this gap represents the areas we need to improve. He explained the scientific approach to quality improvement, which involves systematic performance analysis, testing and learning, and implementing change ideas. He also highlighted the importance of client focus and a team approach to quality improvement.
The Art Pastor's Guide to Sabbath | Steve ThomasonSteve Thomason
What is the purpose of the Sabbath Law in the Torah. It is interesting to compare how the context of the law shifts from Exodus to Deuteronomy. Who gets to rest, and why?
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
It is possible to hide or invisible some fields in odoo. Commonly using “invisible” attribute in the field definition to invisible the fields. This slide will show how to make a field invisible in odoo 17.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
Model Attribute Check Company Auto PropertyCeline George
In Odoo, the multi-company feature allows you to manage multiple companies within a single Odoo database instance. Each company can have its own configurations while still sharing common resources such as products, customers, and suppliers.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
5. •Location
LópezBlanco M. (2012)
NE Spain, South-Eastern part of Ebro basin1.-Introduction
1.2. Geological Setting
•Characterization
Average of sediment thickness about 1000 m
Areal extension
SLM: 350/450 km2
Monts: 100/150 km2
15. 2.2. FaultModelling
Basement thrusts
“Elsbrucsthrust sheet” SW 18º towards the south
“Les Pedritxes” SE 12º towards the South East
2-. Methodology
Hanging wall Surfaces
Footwall Surfaces
“Elsbrucs”
“Les pedritxes”
34. 4-. Conclussion
•Workflow applied is a good approximation to the reality
•The treatment of the final model have provided indications about the place where the DF concentration is maximum
•Scale of work linked to the exploration one
•HC could be trapped at the dead-ends in the depositional pinch- outs of the fan-delta front wedges. (Cabello, P., López-Blanco, M., Howell, J., Arbués, P., Ramos, E. 2009)
•Model suitable to be analogue of similar subsurface geological bodies
Further Work
35. 5-. References
[1]Cabello,P.,Falivene,O.,López-Blanco,M.,Howell,JohnA.,Arbués,P.,Ramons,E.(2011).Anoutcrop-basedcomparisonoffaciesmodellingstrategiesinfan-deltareservoiranaloguesfromtheEoceneSantLlorençdelMuntfan-delta(NESpain).Pet.Geocience,Vol.17,pp.65-90.
[2]Cabello,P.,López-Blanco,M.,Howell,J.,Arbués,P.,Ramos,E.(2009).Modellingfaciesbeltdistributioninfandeltascouplingsequencestratigraphyandgeostatics:TheEoceneSantLlorençdelMuntexample(Ebroforelandbasin,NESpain).Elsevierltd.MarineandpetroleumGeology.
[3] Dubrule, O. & Damsleth, E. 2001. Achievements and challenges in petroleum geostatistics. Petroleum Geocience, 7, S1-7.
Deutsch, C.V. 1999. Reservoir modelling with publicly available software Computers & Geociences, 24, 69-76.
[4] FaliveneO., Arbués, P., Howell, J., Muñoz, J.A., Fernandez, O. & Marzo, M. 2006, Hierarchical geocellularfacies modelling of a turbiditereservoir analogue from the Eocene of the AinsaBasin, NE Spain. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 23, 679-701.
[5]Gómez-Paccard,M.,López-Blanco,M.etal.(2012).Tectonicandclimaticcontrolsonthesequentialarrangementofanalluvialfan/fan-deltacomplex(Montserrat,Eocene,EbroBasin,NESpain).BasinResearch24,437-455.Pg.3.
36. [6] Gundeso, R. & Egeland, O. 1990. SESIMIRA: a new geological tool for 3D modelling of heterogenousreservoirs. In:Buller, A.T., Berg, E., Hjelmeland, O., Kleppe, J., Torsaeter, O. & Aasen, J.O (eds) North Sea oil and Gas Reservoirs II.TheNorwegian Institute of Technology, Graham & Trotman, London, 363-371.
[7] Jackson, M.D., Hampson, G.J. & Sech, R.P. 2009. Three-dimensional modelling of a shoreface-shelf parasequencereservoir analog: Part 2. Geologic controls on fluid flow and hydrocarbon recovery. American Association of PpetroleumGeologists Bulletin, 93, 1183-1208.
[8]López-Blanco,M.(2006).StratigraphicandtectonosedimentarydevelopmentoftheEoceneSantLlorençdelMuntandMontserratfan-deltacomplexes(SoutheastEbrobasinmargin, NortheastSpain).CONTRIBUTIONStoSCIENCE,3(2):125-148.Pg.134
[9]López-Blanco,M.(1993).StratigraphyandsedimentarydevelopmentoftheSantLlorençdelMuntfan-deltacomplex(Eocene,southernPyreneanforelandbasin,norheastSpain).Int. Ass.Sediment,20,67-88.
[10] Matheron, G., Beucher, H., de Fouquet, H., Galli, A., Gerillot, D. & Ravenne, C. 1987. Conditional simulation of the geometry of fluviodeltaicreservoirs. Paper SPE 16753, presented at the 62ndAnnual SPE Conference and Exhibition, Dallas, 27-30 September, 591-599.
Stanley, K.O., Jorde, K., Raestad, N. & Stockbridge, C.P. 1990. Stochastic modelling of reservoir sandbodiesfor input to reservoir simulation, Snorrefield , northern North Sea, Norway. In: Buller, A.T., Berg, E., Hjelmeland, O., Kleppe, J, Torsaeter, O. & Aasen, J.O. (eds) North Sea Oil and Gas Reservoirs II. The Norwegian Institute of Technology, Graham & Trotman, London, 91-103.
5-. References
37. [11] Sech, R.P., Jackson, M.D. & Hampson, G.J. 2009. Three-dimensional modelling of a shoreface- shelf parasequencereservoir analog: Part 1. Surface-based modelling to capture high-resolution facies architecture. American Association of Petroleum Geologists Bulletin, 93, 1155-1181.
[12] TravéA. (1988). Estratigrafiai Sedimentologiadelsdipòsitsdeltaicsde l’eocèmitjà-superior al sector de Manresa. Universitatde Barcelona Phdthesis, pp. 85.
Valles J.C. (1985). Facies y evolución del complejo de abanico deltaico de Montserrat en la transversal del rio Llobregat (Eoceno, Provincia de Barcelona). Phdthesis, pp. 66
5-. References