This document provides a summary of research on the topic of language and identity in Algeria. It discusses three main points:
1. Language plays a key role in shaping cultural and national identity. The Arabic language connects Algerians to their shared history and culture, while French remains influential due to the colonial past.
2. Younger generations are shifting towards a bilingual or multilingual identity, comfortable navigating both Arabic and French. However, tensions remain as some see French as a threat to preserving Arabic.
3. Scholars debate whether Algeria should promote a monolingual Arabic-based identity or a pluralistic bilingual/multilingual identity. Both perspectives have merits, and the debate influences language policies in education
Socio 15 mstapha-mhsin-34-54"المسألة السوسيولوجية" و"المسألة الاجتماعية" عند ...حسن قروق
1. The document discusses a meeting that took place on 30/4/2010 between two individuals to discuss an unspecified topic.
2. References are made to previous communications and meetings between the two from 2003, 2004, and 1960-1968 regarding their work.
3. The conclusion of the meeting and next steps are not clearly stated.
Socio 15 bou-khressa-97-117السوسيولوجيا المغاربية: بين التركة الكولونيالية ور...حسن قروق
1. The document discusses the concept of habitus through references to various scholars such as Lapie, Duvignaud, Bourdieu, Berque, and Pascon. It examines how habitus is shaped by early experiences and influences behavior and perceptions.
2. It then analyzes how habitus relates to fields and different social contexts. Habitus conditions how people act and react to their social environment unconsciously based on past experiences.
3. The summary concludes by mentioning Bourdieu's work on habitus from 1961 and discusses how habitus is acquired from the early stages of life and incorporates both conscious and unconscious dispositions.
1. The document discusses the life and works of the English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626).
2. It notes that Bacon sought to establish a new system of philosophy and science based on observation, experimentation, and induction.
3. The summary emphasizes that Bacon wanted to move away from reliance on ancient authorities and instead develop knowledge by starting with sensory experience and facts.
This document provides a summary of discussions between Chief Juror Auror and others about the trial of Laxnixr. Auror met with Laxnixr and expressed that while the evidence points to Laxnixr, compassion is also needed. Others discussed how the rule of law must be upheld but also allowing for rehabilitation. The discussions considered balancing justice, mercy, and ensuring similar crimes do not reoccur.
164 172-fadil-nasiiriالجسد والصورة والمقدس في الإسلام (فريد الزاهي)حسن قروق
1. The document discusses the development of education in China from 1999 to the present. It notes the increase in university enrollment and improvements in educational resources and facilities over this period.
2. It also analyzes challenges that still remain, such as continuing to improve education quality and access, especially in rural areas. Educational reforms aim to address issues of equity and meet the needs of modernizing China.
3. Statistical data is provided on enrollment levels from 1999-2009 to demonstrate the expansion of education during this time period.
1. The document discusses a website called zycnzj.com and provides some technical details about the site.
2. Several mathematical formulas and coding symbols are included, relating to the website's structure and programming.
3. The writing also references accessing the site, registering an account, and posting on forums.
The document discusses quarterly financial results and forecasts for a company. It provides the following key details:
- Revenue for the current year is expected to increase 17% year-over-year to $330 million.
- Revenue is expected to continue increasing each year, reaching $350 million in year 5 at a growth rate of 6% annually.
- Operating income is also forecasted to increase each year, equaling $50 million in year 5.
- Capital expenditures are projected to remain equal to 16% of sales each year.
- The company expects to maintain a constant tax rate of 30%.
- Earnings per share are predicted to rise to $3.50 in year
The document discusses a meeting between two groups. [1] The meeting addressed issues related to trade and discussed establishing mutual understanding and trust between the groups. [2] Key points of discussion included improving economic cooperation and resolving outstanding conflicts or disagreements through respectful dialogue. [3] The overall goal of the meeting was to improve relations and promote peace between the two sides.
Socio 15 mstapha-mhsin-34-54"المسألة السوسيولوجية" و"المسألة الاجتماعية" عند ...حسن قروق
1. The document discusses a meeting that took place on 30/4/2010 between two individuals to discuss an unspecified topic.
2. References are made to previous communications and meetings between the two from 2003, 2004, and 1960-1968 regarding their work.
3. The conclusion of the meeting and next steps are not clearly stated.
Socio 15 bou-khressa-97-117السوسيولوجيا المغاربية: بين التركة الكولونيالية ور...حسن قروق
1. The document discusses the concept of habitus through references to various scholars such as Lapie, Duvignaud, Bourdieu, Berque, and Pascon. It examines how habitus is shaped by early experiences and influences behavior and perceptions.
2. It then analyzes how habitus relates to fields and different social contexts. Habitus conditions how people act and react to their social environment unconsciously based on past experiences.
3. The summary concludes by mentioning Bourdieu's work on habitus from 1961 and discusses how habitus is acquired from the early stages of life and incorporates both conscious and unconscious dispositions.
1. The document discusses the life and works of the English philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626).
2. It notes that Bacon sought to establish a new system of philosophy and science based on observation, experimentation, and induction.
3. The summary emphasizes that Bacon wanted to move away from reliance on ancient authorities and instead develop knowledge by starting with sensory experience and facts.
This document provides a summary of discussions between Chief Juror Auror and others about the trial of Laxnixr. Auror met with Laxnixr and expressed that while the evidence points to Laxnixr, compassion is also needed. Others discussed how the rule of law must be upheld but also allowing for rehabilitation. The discussions considered balancing justice, mercy, and ensuring similar crimes do not reoccur.
164 172-fadil-nasiiriالجسد والصورة والمقدس في الإسلام (فريد الزاهي)حسن قروق
1. The document discusses the development of education in China from 1999 to the present. It notes the increase in university enrollment and improvements in educational resources and facilities over this period.
2. It also analyzes challenges that still remain, such as continuing to improve education quality and access, especially in rural areas. Educational reforms aim to address issues of equity and meet the needs of modernizing China.
3. Statistical data is provided on enrollment levels from 1999-2009 to demonstrate the expansion of education during this time period.
1. The document discusses a website called zycnzj.com and provides some technical details about the site.
2. Several mathematical formulas and coding symbols are included, relating to the website's structure and programming.
3. The writing also references accessing the site, registering an account, and posting on forums.
The document discusses quarterly financial results and forecasts for a company. It provides the following key details:
- Revenue for the current year is expected to increase 17% year-over-year to $330 million.
- Revenue is expected to continue increasing each year, reaching $350 million in year 5 at a growth rate of 6% annually.
- Operating income is also forecasted to increase each year, equaling $50 million in year 5.
- Capital expenditures are projected to remain equal to 16% of sales each year.
- The company expects to maintain a constant tax rate of 30%.
- Earnings per share are predicted to rise to $3.50 in year
The document discusses a meeting between two groups. [1] The meeting addressed issues related to trade and discussed establishing mutual understanding and trust between the groups. [2] Key points of discussion included improving economic cooperation and resolving outstanding conflicts or disagreements through respectful dialogue. [3] The overall goal of the meeting was to improve relations and promote peace between the two sides.
1. The document provides an overview of the structures used by the instructor to provide online courses for participants.
2. It describes how the instructor uses learning management systems like Blackboard and Moodle to distribute course materials, facilitate communication and collaboration, and assess participants' progress.
3. The structures allow participants to benefit from the instructor's expertise through organized lessons, guidance, and feedback to help distribute knowledge effectively during the online course experience.
Al qaulul-mateen-fi-radd-ala-wahabeen-arabcMuhammad Tariq
This document provides a 3 sentence summary:
The document is a discussion of political issues in a foreign language with many references to specific policies and politicians. It analyzes different perspectives on recent political events and evaluates the potential impact. The writing touches on topics like elections, public opinion, political factions, and ideological divisions in debates around certain issues.
The document discusses the importance of unity, compassion, and helping others. It provides examples of how people can support each other through difficult times and emphasizes that we are all in this together.
1. U Nu was born in 1907 in Magway Division. He entered politics in the 1930s and served as Prime Minister of Burma from 1948 to 1962.
2. As Prime Minister, U Nu faced many challenges including an armed communist insurgency and ethnic conflicts. However, he promoted democracy and non-alignment in foreign policy.
3. U Nu resigned as Prime Minister in 1963 due to political turmoil and economic problems. The military seized power later that year through a coup d'etat.
The document summarizes the impacts of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the ozone layer and climate change in 3 sentences:
CFCs were once widely used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants but are now banned under the Montreal Protocol because they deplete the ozone layer and contribute to climate change. While CFC levels have declined, full recovery of the ozone layer is not expected until the middle of this century due to their long lifetimes in the atmosphere. Protecting the ozone layer and mitigating climate change requires a global effort to transition away from CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to more sustainable alternatives.
1. The document discusses different perspectives on the meaning of freedom from various religions and philosophies. It states that freedom essentially means not being under the subjugation of another person.
2. However, some atheist groups have interpreted freedom to mean liberation from religion. This has led to increasing secularism and rejection of the concept of God in some parts of the world.
3. The document argues that the root cause of such misinterpretations is the corruption and abuse of power that had crept into religious institutions like churches in Europe in the medieval times.
This is the Lebanese construction law that every engineer and architect must learn in order to build in Lebanon. This is a governmental issued document explaining minimum building set backs, maximum building height, envelope and façade requirement. It contains as well land requirement like maximum retaining wall heights and its minimum width...
Present LBL (Law 646) dates from 2004. The implementation decree was issued in 2005, and slightly modified in 2007. LBL 646 adopts a prescriptive approach. It is mainly concerned with micro urban set up and internal space dimensioning.
Article 1: Compulsory license
The construction, restoration and renovation of all types of buildings is subject to obtaining prior authorization which is given on the basis of certain legislative texts and in accordance with the consent of the competent departments that are responsible for these issues and a detection by a technician.
The request for a prior construction license and maps must be signed by the engineer in charge in accordance with the regulations of practicing the profession in the order of engineers and architects, and must be registered in one of the engineers’ syndicates in Beirut or Tripoli.
The prior construction license is for all the buildings even the ones that are related to the public administrations, enterprises and municipalities except the buildings that are related to the military which are defined by a decision from the Council of Ministers and should abide to a set of substantive laws and regulations.
The license is given based on the detection by the technical administration:
The head of the executive authority in the municipality were the building will be constructed
The governor or deputy governor if the building is constructed outside the municipal scale.
Article 2: Works that are excluded from the license
The license can be replaced by a written request signed by the site engineer and certified within one of the engineer’s syndicates either in Tripoli or Beirut and the works that are covered are as below:
Outside maintenance (painting …)
Building of fences
All restoration works in buildings or parts of buildings that are legally available or which have been settled
Cladding
Supporting walls and acts of destruction.
The settlement of the land in light of construction permits
Internal changes within the housing unit which do not affect the structural elements and the common sections that do not affect legally on the residential unit
Technical Requirements for construction:
Building envelope:
The building envelope is the size by which a building should st......
Krishna Prasad Rimal was a prominent Nepali writer and journalist. He was active as a writer from 1954 to 1992. He studied at the Department of Nepali Language and Literature at Tribhuvan University. He wrote novels, short stories, plays, travelogues and literary criticism. Some of his notable works include "Jeevan Rahasya", "Uulya" and "Himalayan Highway". He worked as the editor of various literary magazines and also taught Nepali language and literature at different universities. He received a PhD in Nepali literature from Tribhuvan University.
Janasanthwana fund order g.o(p)no.165/2016/fin dated 31.10.2016,g.o(p) no.1/...shanavas chithara
1. This document is a notice regarding a land acquisition by the government dated 31/03/2017.
2. The government has acquired 1.63 acres of land located at Survey No. 165/2016 in Nedumangad Taluk for developing residential plots.
3. Objections to the acquisition can be filed with supporting documents to the Taluk Land Acquisition Officer by 04/01/2017.
Socio 15 bou-khressa-97-117 (1)السوسيولوجيا المغاربية: بين التركة الكولونيالي...حسن قروق
1. The document discusses the concept of habitus through an analysis of various sociological studies from the 20th century. It references the work of scholars like Bourdieu, Berque, and Pascon.
2. It examines how habitus is shaped by early socialization and influences an individual's perceptions, thoughts and actions in a lasting way. Habitus incorporates both structure and agency.
3. The document analyzes the relationship between habitus and fields, and how habitus is formed through an individual's experiences within different fields like family, education, work etc. It operates below the level of conscious thought to influence social practices.
The document discusses sexuality and domestic workers in Arab households, referencing a chapter from a book on sexuality in the Arab world. It notes that domestic workers are vulnerable to exploitation due to power imbalances and a lack of legal protections. Insider accounts indicate that domestic workers face sexual harassment and abuse within the households they work.
Socio 15 housni-abd-azim-55-77الجسد والطبقة ورأس المال الثقافي: قراءة في سوسي...حسن قروق
This document provides a summary of Pierre Bourdieu's academic work and contributions. It discusses how Bourdieu analyzed social and cultural practices through concepts like cultural capital, habitus, and field. It also mentions how he studied topics such as education, art, and gender relations. Bourdieu developed theoretical frameworks to understand how power and social hierarchies are reproduced in society. He had a significant influence on various fields including cultural studies, education theory, and sociology.
1. The document appears to be a summary of a longer text, discussing topics such as shame, modesty, and sexuality.
2. It references theories from 1987 and quotes from a text published in 2003, discussing concepts like "taifouri" and citing page numbers.
3. The summary examines different perspectives on these issues, debating norms and comparing viewpoints across time and cultures. It engages with the complexities and variations in human attitudes and behaviors.
This 3 sentence summary provides the key details from the document:
The document discusses a study on the effects of a new drug treatment for a disease, noting the treatment resulted in positive outcomes for patients such as reduced symptoms and side effects. However, the summary also points out some limitations of the study, including a small sample size and lack of a control group for comparison. Overall, the treatment seems promising but more research is still needed to fully understand its efficacy.
التنبيهات الجلية على الأخطاء العقدية في شروح كتب السنة النبوية - تحفة الأحوذي...Om Muktar
Errors of Aqeedah in 2 big Sharh of the Sunnah
التنبيهات الجلية على الأخطاء العقدية في شروح كتب السنة النبوية
This book entitled "at-Tanbeehaat al-Jaliyyah 'ala al-Akhtaae al-Aqadiyyah fi Churooh Kutoob as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah" ompile errors in two of the best explanations of hadith, namely "Tuhfatul-Ahwadhi bi sharh Jami' at-Tirmidhi", which is considered the best Sharh of Sunan at-Tirmidhi, and "Awn al-Ma'bud Sharh Sunan Abi Dawud" also considered as the best explanation of Sunan Abu Dawud.
However, Allah has authorized the perfection only for His Book, so this research is useful and beneficial to the owners of these works.
You should know that there are very few errors: 20 in Tuhfat ul-Ahwadhi and 14 in 'Awn al-Ma'boud.
Very nice quality Saudi edition.
Foreign Dept Sustainability: Testing the Case of Egypt استدامة الديون الخارجي...Mahmoud Fath-Allah
1) The document discusses the sustainability of external debt, analyzing several studies on testing frameworks and empirical evidence regarding debt sustainability.
2) It summarizes seven sources that examine theoretical and empirical aspects of external debt management, sustainability, and intertemporal borrowing constraints.
3) The document concludes by noting that while debt levels in some countries exceed thresholds considered sustainable, debt sustainability depends on a variety of economic, financial, and political factors.
Mhsin bou-azizi-9-24فضاء الحركات الاجتماعية في المجتمعات العربية: الحالة التو...حسن قروق
(1) The document discusses a non-directive interview method where the interviewer allows the interviewee to freely discuss different topics without interruption or being led by questions.
(2) It also references how this interview technique was developed by sociologist Alain Touraine in 2005 to gain insights into people's experiences and perspectives.
(3) The summary provides context about the document's discussion of a qualitative research interview method without directly quoting from the original text.
This document discusses several protest movements across the Arab world, including in Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, and Bahrain. It covers topics such as the role of social media in organizing protests, differences between secular and Islamist protests, and the impact of protests on authoritarian regimes. The document contains chapters on the various countries and movements.
مذهب أهل التفويض في نصوص الصفات الشيخ أحمد بن عبد الرحمن القاضيOm Muktar
(1) The document contains encrypted text and symbols that cannot be understood without decryption.
(2) It references contacting someone via email to presumably discuss or share additional information.
(3) Overall the document is not clearly understandable due to being encrypted and does not provide much meaningful information that can be summarized until decrypted.
The document discusses the history and development of a technology over time. It describes several important events and innovations that advanced the technology from early stages to modern implementations. Challenges and opportunities that emerged at different points are also noted.
1. The document provides an overview of the structures used by the instructor to provide online courses for participants.
2. It describes how the instructor uses learning management systems like Blackboard and Moodle to distribute course materials, facilitate communication and collaboration, and assess participants' progress.
3. The structures allow participants to benefit from the instructor's expertise through organized lessons, guidance, and feedback to help distribute knowledge effectively during the online course experience.
Al qaulul-mateen-fi-radd-ala-wahabeen-arabcMuhammad Tariq
This document provides a 3 sentence summary:
The document is a discussion of political issues in a foreign language with many references to specific policies and politicians. It analyzes different perspectives on recent political events and evaluates the potential impact. The writing touches on topics like elections, public opinion, political factions, and ideological divisions in debates around certain issues.
The document discusses the importance of unity, compassion, and helping others. It provides examples of how people can support each other through difficult times and emphasizes that we are all in this together.
1. U Nu was born in 1907 in Magway Division. He entered politics in the 1930s and served as Prime Minister of Burma from 1948 to 1962.
2. As Prime Minister, U Nu faced many challenges including an armed communist insurgency and ethnic conflicts. However, he promoted democracy and non-alignment in foreign policy.
3. U Nu resigned as Prime Minister in 1963 due to political turmoil and economic problems. The military seized power later that year through a coup d'etat.
The document summarizes the impacts of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) on the ozone layer and climate change in 3 sentences:
CFCs were once widely used as refrigerants and aerosol propellants but are now banned under the Montreal Protocol because they deplete the ozone layer and contribute to climate change. While CFC levels have declined, full recovery of the ozone layer is not expected until the middle of this century due to their long lifetimes in the atmosphere. Protecting the ozone layer and mitigating climate change requires a global effort to transition away from CFCs and other ozone-depleting substances to more sustainable alternatives.
1. The document discusses different perspectives on the meaning of freedom from various religions and philosophies. It states that freedom essentially means not being under the subjugation of another person.
2. However, some atheist groups have interpreted freedom to mean liberation from religion. This has led to increasing secularism and rejection of the concept of God in some parts of the world.
3. The document argues that the root cause of such misinterpretations is the corruption and abuse of power that had crept into religious institutions like churches in Europe in the medieval times.
This is the Lebanese construction law that every engineer and architect must learn in order to build in Lebanon. This is a governmental issued document explaining minimum building set backs, maximum building height, envelope and façade requirement. It contains as well land requirement like maximum retaining wall heights and its minimum width...
Present LBL (Law 646) dates from 2004. The implementation decree was issued in 2005, and slightly modified in 2007. LBL 646 adopts a prescriptive approach. It is mainly concerned with micro urban set up and internal space dimensioning.
Article 1: Compulsory license
The construction, restoration and renovation of all types of buildings is subject to obtaining prior authorization which is given on the basis of certain legislative texts and in accordance with the consent of the competent departments that are responsible for these issues and a detection by a technician.
The request for a prior construction license and maps must be signed by the engineer in charge in accordance with the regulations of practicing the profession in the order of engineers and architects, and must be registered in one of the engineers’ syndicates in Beirut or Tripoli.
The prior construction license is for all the buildings even the ones that are related to the public administrations, enterprises and municipalities except the buildings that are related to the military which are defined by a decision from the Council of Ministers and should abide to a set of substantive laws and regulations.
The license is given based on the detection by the technical administration:
The head of the executive authority in the municipality were the building will be constructed
The governor or deputy governor if the building is constructed outside the municipal scale.
Article 2: Works that are excluded from the license
The license can be replaced by a written request signed by the site engineer and certified within one of the engineer’s syndicates either in Tripoli or Beirut and the works that are covered are as below:
Outside maintenance (painting …)
Building of fences
All restoration works in buildings or parts of buildings that are legally available or which have been settled
Cladding
Supporting walls and acts of destruction.
The settlement of the land in light of construction permits
Internal changes within the housing unit which do not affect the structural elements and the common sections that do not affect legally on the residential unit
Technical Requirements for construction:
Building envelope:
The building envelope is the size by which a building should st......
Krishna Prasad Rimal was a prominent Nepali writer and journalist. He was active as a writer from 1954 to 1992. He studied at the Department of Nepali Language and Literature at Tribhuvan University. He wrote novels, short stories, plays, travelogues and literary criticism. Some of his notable works include "Jeevan Rahasya", "Uulya" and "Himalayan Highway". He worked as the editor of various literary magazines and also taught Nepali language and literature at different universities. He received a PhD in Nepali literature from Tribhuvan University.
Janasanthwana fund order g.o(p)no.165/2016/fin dated 31.10.2016,g.o(p) no.1/...shanavas chithara
1. This document is a notice regarding a land acquisition by the government dated 31/03/2017.
2. The government has acquired 1.63 acres of land located at Survey No. 165/2016 in Nedumangad Taluk for developing residential plots.
3. Objections to the acquisition can be filed with supporting documents to the Taluk Land Acquisition Officer by 04/01/2017.
Socio 15 bou-khressa-97-117 (1)السوسيولوجيا المغاربية: بين التركة الكولونيالي...حسن قروق
1. The document discusses the concept of habitus through an analysis of various sociological studies from the 20th century. It references the work of scholars like Bourdieu, Berque, and Pascon.
2. It examines how habitus is shaped by early socialization and influences an individual's perceptions, thoughts and actions in a lasting way. Habitus incorporates both structure and agency.
3. The document analyzes the relationship between habitus and fields, and how habitus is formed through an individual's experiences within different fields like family, education, work etc. It operates below the level of conscious thought to influence social practices.
The document discusses sexuality and domestic workers in Arab households, referencing a chapter from a book on sexuality in the Arab world. It notes that domestic workers are vulnerable to exploitation due to power imbalances and a lack of legal protections. Insider accounts indicate that domestic workers face sexual harassment and abuse within the households they work.
Socio 15 housni-abd-azim-55-77الجسد والطبقة ورأس المال الثقافي: قراءة في سوسي...حسن قروق
This document provides a summary of Pierre Bourdieu's academic work and contributions. It discusses how Bourdieu analyzed social and cultural practices through concepts like cultural capital, habitus, and field. It also mentions how he studied topics such as education, art, and gender relations. Bourdieu developed theoretical frameworks to understand how power and social hierarchies are reproduced in society. He had a significant influence on various fields including cultural studies, education theory, and sociology.
1. The document appears to be a summary of a longer text, discussing topics such as shame, modesty, and sexuality.
2. It references theories from 1987 and quotes from a text published in 2003, discussing concepts like "taifouri" and citing page numbers.
3. The summary examines different perspectives on these issues, debating norms and comparing viewpoints across time and cultures. It engages with the complexities and variations in human attitudes and behaviors.
This 3 sentence summary provides the key details from the document:
The document discusses a study on the effects of a new drug treatment for a disease, noting the treatment resulted in positive outcomes for patients such as reduced symptoms and side effects. However, the summary also points out some limitations of the study, including a small sample size and lack of a control group for comparison. Overall, the treatment seems promising but more research is still needed to fully understand its efficacy.
التنبيهات الجلية على الأخطاء العقدية في شروح كتب السنة النبوية - تحفة الأحوذي...Om Muktar
Errors of Aqeedah in 2 big Sharh of the Sunnah
التنبيهات الجلية على الأخطاء العقدية في شروح كتب السنة النبوية
This book entitled "at-Tanbeehaat al-Jaliyyah 'ala al-Akhtaae al-Aqadiyyah fi Churooh Kutoob as-Sunnah an-Nabawiyyah" ompile errors in two of the best explanations of hadith, namely "Tuhfatul-Ahwadhi bi sharh Jami' at-Tirmidhi", which is considered the best Sharh of Sunan at-Tirmidhi, and "Awn al-Ma'bud Sharh Sunan Abi Dawud" also considered as the best explanation of Sunan Abu Dawud.
However, Allah has authorized the perfection only for His Book, so this research is useful and beneficial to the owners of these works.
You should know that there are very few errors: 20 in Tuhfat ul-Ahwadhi and 14 in 'Awn al-Ma'boud.
Very nice quality Saudi edition.
Foreign Dept Sustainability: Testing the Case of Egypt استدامة الديون الخارجي...Mahmoud Fath-Allah
1) The document discusses the sustainability of external debt, analyzing several studies on testing frameworks and empirical evidence regarding debt sustainability.
2) It summarizes seven sources that examine theoretical and empirical aspects of external debt management, sustainability, and intertemporal borrowing constraints.
3) The document concludes by noting that while debt levels in some countries exceed thresholds considered sustainable, debt sustainability depends on a variety of economic, financial, and political factors.
Mhsin bou-azizi-9-24فضاء الحركات الاجتماعية في المجتمعات العربية: الحالة التو...حسن قروق
(1) The document discusses a non-directive interview method where the interviewer allows the interviewee to freely discuss different topics without interruption or being led by questions.
(2) It also references how this interview technique was developed by sociologist Alain Touraine in 2005 to gain insights into people's experiences and perspectives.
(3) The summary provides context about the document's discussion of a qualitative research interview method without directly quoting from the original text.
This document discusses several protest movements across the Arab world, including in Egypt, Morocco, Lebanon, and Bahrain. It covers topics such as the role of social media in organizing protests, differences between secular and Islamist protests, and the impact of protests on authoritarian regimes. The document contains chapters on the various countries and movements.
مذهب أهل التفويض في نصوص الصفات الشيخ أحمد بن عبد الرحمن القاضيOm Muktar
(1) The document contains encrypted text and symbols that cannot be understood without decryption.
(2) It references contacting someone via email to presumably discuss or share additional information.
(3) Overall the document is not clearly understandable due to being encrypted and does not provide much meaningful information that can be summarized until decrypted.
The document discusses the history and development of a technology over time. It describes several important events and innovations that advanced the technology from early stages to modern implementations. Challenges and opportunities that emerged at different points are also noted.
الشرح الكبير على الجزرية للشيخ غانم قدوري الحمدسمير بسيوني
1. The document discusses the importance of education in developing societies and strengthening communities. It notes that education provides people with knowledge and skills that allow communities to progress.
2. It also stresses that education systems should aim to develop well-rounded, thoughtful individuals by cultivating their intellectual, physical, and social abilities.
3. Overall, the document advocates for the critical role of education in building a just, prosperous, and peaceful social order.
الأذكار بعد الصلاة المكتوبة مع شرحها - عبد الله بن صالح الفوزانأذكر الله يذكرك
This document contains 3 paragraphs that discuss the following:
1) It references GDP8XQ and discusses connections between different entities.
2) It mentions entity names like Gyvz%o~C!BrBn*9PnG and discusses relationships between them.
3) It continues discussing relationships between entities like GyT;eo, mentioning 1 entity that is connected to 2 others.
The document discusses an event involving multiple individuals. It mentions someone or something referred to as "EOGQIGy(sB" and topics related to "Gy}"d(QGS". The writing also references concepts like "@zy+r", "O.Lv9yvO<#f=OGyvQI}" and "GyGvQ*T,".
The document discusses an event involving multiple individuals. It mentions someone or something referred to as "EOGQIGy(sB" and topics related to "Gy}"d(QGS". The writing also references concepts like "O.Lv9yvO", "@zy+r", and "f}+OGy=JE". However, much of the document is illegible as it contains many non-alphabetic characters that provide no context.
The document appears to be gibberish with no discernible meaning. It contains random letters, numbers, and symbols with no coherent words, sentences, or ideas.
1. The document discusses the GRE exam and provides tips for preparing for it. It recommends studying vocabulary, practicing math problems, and taking practice exams.
2. It also suggests focusing on your weaknesses, using study guides, and allowing plenty of time for preparation over several months.
3. In summary, the document provides advice on preparing for the GRE such as studying vocabulary, practicing math, taking practice tests, focusing on weaknesses, using study guides, and preparing over several months.
This document discusses various phone numbers and addresses related to Amber Misbahi. It also contains numerous references to the terms "thousands" and "LL" possibly in relation to monetary values or measurements. The text switches between discussing these contact details and references, and also contains some unclear technical or religious terms that are difficult to interpret without more context.
اسئلة و اجوبة للصغار و لا يستغني عنها الكبارغايتي الجنة
1. The document discusses a meeting between two parties.
2. Key topics discussed include strategies, challenges, and next steps.
3. An agreement was reached on continuing cooperation.
Evolution towards the Internet of EverythingTim Winchcomb
The communications landscape has undergone radical change over recent decades – from analogue to digital and an explosion of short-range technologies, expanding the possibilities for personal and ubiquitous communication. This presentation introduces some of the highlights of this journey, based on pioneering innovation, and then looks forward to the latest emerging standards for ‘direct-to-cloud’ connectivity that will enable the true ‘Internet of Everything’.
Similar to 29 42-isam-addouni سوسيولوجيا المرأة والجنس في أعمال عبد الصمد الديالمي (20)
العصبية وتجلياتها في المجتمع اليمني المعاصرحسن قروق
العصبية وتجلياتها في المجتمع اليمني المعاصر
العمل الذي بين أيدينا يتصدى لموضوع شائك وغوير ألا وهو تنامي النزعات العصبية في المجتمع ويجيب عاى الأسئلة التالية:
- ما العصبية؟
- ما أشكال تجلي العصبية؟
-ما المسببات بألونها الطيفية التي أدت الى شيوع العصبة والتعصب الأعمى؟
مقتطف من مؤلف القات وشيوع تعاطيه في المجتمع اليمنيحسن قروق
ظاهرة تعاطي القات في المجتمع اليمني ذات أبعاد بألوان طيفية ولايمكن تناولها من زاوية أحادية ولا نغلو إن قلنا أنها ظاهرة مرتبطة بكيان المجتمع وهويته وتعمقت هذه الظاهرة حتى أصبحت مشكلة عويصة يصعب معالجتها بالترقيع .
ويمكن القول أن ظاهرة تعاطي القات على همزة وصل قوية بموضوع الحداثة والقليدية في المجتمع اليمني حيث يعتبر القات كابحا من كوابح التطور والتقدم في المجتمع اليمني.
فبقاء القات وشيوع تعطيه يخدم نمط الحياة المتكلسة في المجتمع اليمني ويكرس الحياة الرتيبة بنزعاتها المحافظة.
الدراسة التي بين أيدينا تجيب على أسئلة محورية وعلى النحو التالي :
ماهو القات؟
ما مسببات شيوع مضغة في المجتمع؟
وما سر العلاقة مابين مضغ القات والعادات النسوية المتكونة؟
وهل القات يشكل جزءا من الهوية اليمنية؟
وما الأضرار التي يولدها القات في حياة المجتمع بألوانها الطيفية؟
لقد شكلت القضايا المبسوطة آنفا مدماكا أساسيا في بنية النص ، وحسبي أن أكون قد استطعت تقديم شيئا من الإفادة بسوسيولوجيا القات وشيوع تعاطيه في المجتمع اليمني .
نحاول في هذا المقال الاقتراب نظريا من مفهوم الهوية، باعتباره مفهوما مركزيا، له حضور بارز في مختلف الدراسات الحديثة، وبخاصة في العلوم السياسية والسوسيولوجية، والخطاب الثقافي المعاصر. وأمام تعدد وتنوع هذا المفهوم، نحاول أن نرصد مختلف التعريفات،وأشكال الهويات وأنواعها، ومكوناتها ، وطرق تشكلها.
وضمن مجال سوسيولوجيا المهن نستعرض الخطوات النظرية للهوية المهنية والمحطات التاريخية لمهنة التمريض عند المرأة والتي كانت وراء تشكل هويتها كممرضة.
وبالتالي نحن،عبر العنوان" تشكل الهوية المهنية للممرضة " أمام طرح مزدوج يتناول في شقيه مسألة المهن أو سوسيولوجيا المهن، وللإشارة أن هذا الجانب المعرفي لم يحضى -إلا في الفترة الأخيرة- بالاهتمام من طرف الباحثين في الجزائر. وفي الجانب الأخر خصائص مهنة التمريض و شروط بناء نموذج هوية مهنية للممرضة. مع الإقرار أن للموضوع شق لا يقل أهمية يمكن أن يكون محل بحث أكاديمي مستقل. انه موضوع مكانة المرأة في الميدان المهني، والذي يعرف نقاشا كبيرا بالنظر إلى الخلفية الثقافية والذهنية للمجتمع الجزائر، والطروحات المتعلقة بموضوع المرأة التي أفرزتها التحولات الدولية، خصوصا أن هناك تقدم سريع في احتلال المرأة فضاء العمل، حتى انه أخرجت أو على الأقل تفوقت عدديا على العنصر الذكوري في بعض القطاعات مثل الصحة والتعليم، بمعنى هناك تحول نوعي في مجال العمل بين الجنسين. وعسى أن تكون لنا إسهامات بحثية مستقبلا في هذا المضمون نكتفي في هذه الورقة بمحاولة الإجابة على التساؤل التالي:
ماهي مكونات الهوية المهنية،وماهي الخصائص التاريخية والثقافية المشكلة لنموذج أو البروتوتايب prototype للهوية المهنية للممرضة ؟.
أولا : الهوية المهني
الملخص:
تعتبر الحركات الاجتماعية كتنظيمات متعددة المصالح والأفراد المناضلون فيها ويكون تفاعلها حسب البيئة الاجتماعي والسياسية الموجودة فيها بشرط وجود الدولة فلا يمكن تخيل حركة اجتماعية في بيئة تحكمها الأعراف والتقاليد ولا تعرف عن القوانين والنظم شيئا، ذلك أن البناء الاجتماعي متعدد التغيرات وما قد يفعله الأفراد من تحركات في زمن ما، قد لا يحدث بالضرورة في زمن آخر، وهو ما يفسر نمو وتوسع الحركات الاحتجاجية في الدول والمجتمعات.
وقد كانت بذلك الحركات الاجتماعية إحدى وسائل المواجهة والنضال، فنشاط الحركات الاجتماعية المستمر في زمن العولمة قد تواجهه قضايا المجتمع الدولي المعقدة والأكثر تحديا وصعوبة فمفاهيم الديموقراطية وحقوق الإنسان والمجتمع المدني والمواطنة، إنما تتطلب دائما وباستمرار تضحيات في سبيل تحقيقها والدفاع عنها وتكثيف عمليات التعبئة لنشر قيمها ومبادئها.
الكلمات المفتاحية: الحركات الاجتماعية، التغير الاجتماعي، العنف الاجتماعي.
Résumé
Les mouvements sociaux sont considérés comme organisations de multiples intérêts et personnes militants qui y activent, et que sa réaction se fait selon l’environnement social et politique y existant, à condition qu’un pays doit exister, du fait qu’il n’est pas possible d’imaginer des mouvements sociaux dans un environnement régi par des us et des coutumes qui n’ont rien à voir avec les lois et les règlements, en raison du fait que la construction sociale est multi variable, et les mouvement que les individus peuvent faire dans une certaine période de temps et ne peuvent, nécessairement, pas avoir lieu dans une autre période de temps, ce qui explique la croissance et l’extension des mouvements de protestation au sein des pays et des sociétés.
A la lumière de ce qui précède, les mouvements sociaux représentent l’un des moyens de confrontations et de luttes. Il est ainsi que les activités des mouvements sociaux continus à l’ère de la mondialisation pourraient faire face à des questions de la communauté internationale, qui sont complexes, voire plus difficiles, tout en tenant en compte que les concepts de la démocratie, des droits de l’homme, de la société civile et la citoyenneté, exigent toujours et de manière continue, des sacrifices en vue de les réaliser et de les défendre, ainsi que l’intensification des opérations de mobilisation aux fins de diffuser ses valeurs et ses principes.
يطرح كتاب مدخل إلى سوسيولوجيا الثقافة مجموعة من الأسئلة عن معنى الثقافة وكيف تشكّلت تاريخيًا واجتماعيًا، وكيف اختلف على تعريفها الفلاسفة وعلماء الاجتماع. ويصل الكتاب في النهاية إلى خاتمة محبطة ومفتوحة على احتمالات كالقول إن علم الاجتماع كان على مدى السنين الماضية، مصدرًا غنيًا لأساليب نفهم من خلالها المسائل الثقافية عمومًا و سوسيولوجيا الثقافة تمثّل مساهمة بالغة الأهمية لفهم طبيعة الحياة.
يعدّ النموذج السياسي النموذج الشائع في حكامة الجامعات العربية. وفي هذا النموذج يُضيّق الخناق على الحريات الأكاديمية والمشاركة، وتوليد الأفكار الجديدة الضرورية للتغير الاجتماعي، ويترافق ذلك مع ضعف الثقافة المدنية في خطاب القيادات الجامعية ومواثيقها الرئيسة في مسائل مثل الديمقراطية، وثقافة القانون، والالتزام المدني، والإنسانيات، وبيداغوجيا التقصِّي والمناقشة. وتتعامل هذه الجامعات مع العلوم والتكنولوجيا باعتبارها اختصاصات النخب، أما البرامج الإنسانية فهي اختصاصات مهمَّشة يُرَحَّل إليها الطلبة ذوو المعدلات الدنيا، علمًا أن خرّيجي هذه الاختصاصات هم الذين يقومون بدور التنشئة الاجتماعية في المجتمع، برصيد معرفي محدود وبنزعة قوية نحو الامتثال الاجتماعي. تخلص الورقة إلى أن التنشئة الاجتماعية الامتثالية في الجامعات الحكومية تطغى على وظيفة التغير الاجتماعي.
التمثلات الاجتماعية: مقاربة لدراسة السلوك والمواقف والاتجاهات وفهم آليات الهوية وااتمثل الاجتماعي: مدخل لدراسة السلوك، الرأي والمواقف والهوية الاجتماعية لفهم آليات
العلاقات الانسانية
تعريفها
تُعدّ العلاقات الإنسانية التي تكونها على المستوى المهني أو الشخصي بمثابة –الكنز- والشخص الذي لديه قدرة على تكوين علاقات إنسانية متينة يتمتع بذكاء اجتماعي فهل تملكه أنت؟ إن تكوين علاقات إنسانية إيجابية على المستوى المهني أو الشخصي لبناء مستقبل مشرق وحياة متوازنة. غالبية الموظفين لا يقدرون أهمية العلاقات الإنسانية:
يعتمد استقرار المستقبل الوظيفي للموظف على مدى بنائه العلاقات الإيجابية في بيئة العمل أو حياته الخاصة؛ فالكثير من الموظفين يقدرون قيمة الذكاء الفني، ولكنهم يجهلون قيمة الذكاء الاجتماعي، عموماً يمكن القول: إن جودة أية علاقة تنعكس على إنتاجية الشخص سواء كانت إيجابية أو سلبية.
اهمية العلاقات الانسانية
تقوم العلاقة الإنسانية بين طرفين، وهذه العلاقة هي بمثابة الاتصال بين الناس وأفضل الطرق الموضوعة للحكم على العلاقات الإنسانية، هو التركيز على نوعية العلاقة بغض النظر عن شخصيات طرفي هذه العلاقة.
وتتمثل اهية العلاقات الانسانية في ما يلي
صدرت حديثاً عن منشورات المتوسط – إيطاليا، وبالتعاون مع "المركز العلمي العربي للأبحاث والدراسات الإنسانية" – المغرب، موسوعة المفاهيم الأساسية في العلوم الإنسانية والفلسفة. وهي من تأليف الفيلسوف والمفكر المغربي محمد سبيلا، والاقتصادي المغربي البارز نوح الهرموزي. كما ساهم في تأليفها كلّ من محمد تمالدو في العلوم الاقتصادية، وفي العلوم السياسية: إدريس لكريني، أحمد مفيد، وفي علم الاجتماع: عبد الرحيم العطري، في علم النفس: عبد اللطيف بوجملة، وفي الفلسفة: محمد الشركة، ومحمد مزيان، عادل حدجامي. وجميعهم من الباحثين والأكاديميين المتخصصين.
الفعل، والصفح، وأزمة عالمٍ متصحّر في أُفق اكتشاف سياسي للإنسان عند آراندتحسن قروق
الملخص:
نُحاول في هذه الدراسة التعرّفَ على واحدة من المقاربات التي أنجزتها الفلسفة السياسية المعاصرة لمشكلة الفعل السياسي والحرية، والتي بلورت في أعقابها الفيلسوفة حنة آراندت تشخيصاً لوضعية الإنسان المأزوم في العالم المعاصر. لم تكن هذه الفيلسوفة في جملة الفلاسفة المؤمنين بأنّ تغيير العالم من مهام الفلسفة، وفضلت، في مقابل ذلك، الاكتفاء بالعمل على فهمه، معتقدة أنّ أقصى ما يمكن للوعي الإنساني المعاصر أن يدركه هو فهم العالم وما ينضح به من أحداث. تتحدث آراندت عن أزمة الإنسان الحديث ذات الطابع السياسي بامتياز، عن تسللها إلى مستويات قبل سياسية كالتربية، وعن تصاعد أنظمة شمولية غير مسبوقة في التاريخ السياسي للبشرية، أتت على كلّ مكونات الحرية الإنسانية، وأحدثت تغيراً جذرياً في نظام الشرط الإنساني. وقد اقتضى منها ذلك تفكيك تجليات هذه الأزمة ووضع اليد على أسبابها، وخوض مجازفة فهم الشرط الإنساني وبيان مكانة الحرية فيه، وإنجاز قراءة لتاريخ هذا المفهوم على ضوء تشخيصها لنشأة الحداثة الغربية وعلاقتها بالأحداث الثلاثة الكبرى المؤسسة لها؛ اكتشاف أمريكا والإصلاح الديني واختراع التلسكوب. ومتى علمنا أنّ الفعل ظلَّ، عند آراندت، النشاط المحتكر للحرية، فهمنا صلة الوصل التي تقيمها بين ما طال الشرط الإنساني من انقلاب في نظام أنشطته المتعلقة بالحياة النشيطة، وبين أفول الفعل السياسي في العالم الحديث والمعاصر؛ إنّ الحديث عن الإنسان المنسحب من الفضاء العام، فضاء الظهور والفعل السياسي، إنّما هو توصيف لهذا العوز الوجودي الذي بات الإنسان المعاصر يعاني منه بعد أن وجد نفسه ملقى في ذاتيته الصامتة والقاتلة، بعيداً عن شرط الظهور الذي يحدد معنى كينونته السياسية. بذلك تكون الحداثة نسياناً لكينونة الإنسان وعمقه السياسي، ويكون التفكير في وضع الحرية المأزوم فصلاً من فصول نقد الحداثة وإعادة ترتيب أوضاعها، وهذا تحديداً ما أتت آراندت على إنجازه في كلّ ما ألفته عن الفعل والحرية.
في هذا السياق، تحديداً، يمكن أن نفهم إسهابها في إظهار قيمة ملكة التعهد والصفح؛ إذ بتواريهما فقَدَ الإنسان الحديث قدرته على خلق الثقة وصناعة المستقبل وتجاوز قسوة الماضي الأليم، فانزوى إلى ذاته بحثاً عن حرية جوّانية كرّست فيه تبرّمه المزمن من السياسة ومجالها، الأمر الذي أفرغه من جوهره السياسي ورسّخ فيه الشعور بأنّه ليس أكثر من بهيمة مشتغلة (على حد تعبير ماركس).
وقد حاولنا في هذه الدراسة بيان بعض ملامح تشخيص آراندت لأزمة الفعل والحرية في السياسة، وعلاقة ذلك بنقدها لتصور هيدجر للإنسان والوجود معاً، ومحاولاتها الرامية إلى الخروج من الباراديغم الهيدجري الذي بات يتقدم، في ذلك الإبّان، إلى مشهد الثقافة الغربية في صورة فكر الوجود وقدر الغرب. يعني هذا القول أنّ فلسفة آراندت، أو بالأحرى فلسفتها السياسية، كانت محاولة لتذكر الشرط السياسي للإنسان الذي أسقطته الحداثة الغربية في طي النسيان، وهذا ما تبدّى جليّاً في مراجعتها لأرسخ مفاهيم الفكر الفلسفي في التقليد الغربي؛ كمفاهيم الحرية، والفعل، والسلطة، والعنف، والتاريخ، والفكر، والإرادة، والإنسان. وليست هذه الدراسة إلا محاولة لإظهار جانب من جوانب عملية تذكر الإنسان والسياسة التي هجست بها كلّ أعمال هذه الفيلسوفة.
This document appears to be a list of students enrolled in the module "Philosophical Thought" at the Faculty of Letters and Sciences at the Sociology department. It includes the students' identification codes, names, grades, and other academic information. There are over 160 students listed with their details.
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Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
This presentation includes basic of PCOS their pathology and treatment and also Ayurveda correlation of PCOS and Ayurvedic line of treatment mentioned in classics.
বাংলাদেশের অর্থনৈতিক সমীক্ষা ২০২৪ [Bangladesh Economic Review 2024 Bangla.pdf] কম্পিউটার , ট্যাব ও স্মার্ট ফোন ভার্সন সহ সম্পূর্ণ বাংলা ই-বুক বা pdf বই " সুচিপত্র ...বুকমার্ক মেনু 🔖 ও হাইপার লিংক মেনু 📝👆 যুক্ত ..
আমাদের সবার জন্য খুব খুব গুরুত্বপূর্ণ একটি বই ..বিসিএস, ব্যাংক, ইউনিভার্সিটি ভর্তি ও যে কোন প্রতিযোগিতা মূলক পরীক্ষার জন্য এর খুব ইম্পরট্যান্ট একটি বিষয় ...তাছাড়া বাংলাদেশের সাম্প্রতিক যে কোন ডাটা বা তথ্য এই বইতে পাবেন ...
তাই একজন নাগরিক হিসাবে এই তথ্য গুলো আপনার জানা প্রয়োজন ...।
বিসিএস ও ব্যাংক এর লিখিত পরীক্ষা ...+এছাড়া মাধ্যমিক ও উচ্চমাধ্যমিকের স্টুডেন্টদের জন্য অনেক কাজে আসবে ...
LAND USE LAND COVER AND NDVI OF MIRZAPUR DISTRICT, UPRAHUL
This Dissertation explores the particular circumstances of Mirzapur, a region located in the
core of India. Mirzapur, with its varied terrains and abundant biodiversity, offers an optimal
environment for investigating the changes in vegetation cover dynamics. Our study utilizes
advanced technologies such as GIS (Geographic Information Systems) and Remote sensing to
analyze the transformations that have taken place over the course of a decade.
The complex relationship between human activities and the environment has been the focus
of extensive research and worry. As the global community grapples with swift urbanization,
population expansion, and economic progress, the effects on natural ecosystems are becoming
more evident. A crucial element of this impact is the alteration of vegetation cover, which plays a
significant role in maintaining the ecological equilibrium of our planet.Land serves as the foundation for all human activities and provides the necessary materials for
these activities. As the most crucial natural resource, its utilization by humans results in different
'Land uses,' which are determined by both human activities and the physical characteristics of the
land.
The utilization of land is impacted by human needs and environmental factors. In countries
like India, rapid population growth and the emphasis on extensive resource exploitation can lead
to significant land degradation, adversely affecting the region's land cover.
Therefore, human intervention has significantly influenced land use patterns over many
centuries, evolving its structure over time and space. In the present era, these changes have
accelerated due to factors such as agriculture and urbanization. Information regarding land use and
cover is essential for various planning and management tasks related to the Earth's surface,
providing crucial environmental data for scientific, resource management, policy purposes, and
diverse human activities.
Accurate understanding of land use and cover is imperative for the development planning
of any area. Consequently, a wide range of professionals, including earth system scientists, land
and water managers, and urban planners, are interested in obtaining data on land use and cover
changes, conversion trends, and other related patterns. The spatial dimensions of land use and
cover support policymakers and scientists in making well-informed decisions, as alterations in
these patterns indicate shifts in economic and social conditions. Monitoring such changes with the
help of Advanced technologies like Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems is
crucial for coordinated efforts across different administrative levels. Advanced technologies like
Remote Sensing and Geographic Information Systems
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Changes in vegetation cover refer to variations in the distribution, composition, and overall
structure of plant communities across different temporal and spatial scales. These changes can
occur natural.
it describes the bony anatomy including the femoral head , acetabulum, labrum . also discusses the capsule , ligaments . muscle that act on the hip joint and the range of motion are outlined. factors affecting hip joint stability and weight transmission through the joint are summarized.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.