Presentation I worked on and co presented at the faculty of International Relations of the fConstantine the Philosopher University in Nitra 2016/2017

1. Post-Colonialism: Europe and Africa
1. Introduction to the Course (session 1)
Importance of the Subject. What the course covers
Style of instruction, Graded Requirements, Reading and research
Post-Colonialism: Theory
2. Disintegration of European Colonial Empires
Effects of WWII on European powers (session 2)
Withdrawal and Wars of Liberation (session 3)
3. Post-Colonial Successor States and the Cold War
Egypt and Pan-Arabism (session 4)
Other Arab States (session 5)
New African Nations:
Former French and Belgian (session 6)
Former British (session 7)
South Africa (session 8)

2. Post-Colonialism: Europe and Africa
4. The Successor States Today
International organizations (session 9)
Divisions (sectarian, ethnic, political) (session 10)
Common themes (session 11)
5. The Future
Failed States, Modernization, War (session 12)

3. Frantz Omar Fanon (1925): Martinique-born Afro-Caribbean psychiatrist, philosopher, revolutionary, and
writer whose works are influential in post-colonial theory. (See especially The Wretched of the Earth, and
Black Skins, White Masks.)
Michel Foucault Foucault (1926 – 1984): French philosopher, historian of ideas and leftist activist,
influential both on academics and activists, especially in post-colonialist theory. His principal importance is
his theory concerning the relationship between power and knowledge, and how power is used to control and
define knowledge in society. (See especially Madness and Insanity and The History of Sexuality). Active
against human rights abuses, death penalty, colonial control of people.
Edward Wadie Said (1935 – 25 September 2003): Heavily influenced by Fanon and Foucault, founder of
the academic field of post-colonial studies. A Palestinian-American scholar who focused on cultural and
political misunderstandings between the Western world and the Eastern world: ‘Us’ and ‘Them,’ ‘Occident’
versus ‘Orient.’ (See his Orientalism for the theory that cultural representations are the basis of “orientalism’
and Western perceptions).

4. Colonialism & Orientalism – Europe & Africa
Session 1
• A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO COLONIALISM & ORIENTALISM
• POST COLONIALISM
• COLONIAL LEGACY AND CONFLICTS

5. •A BRIEF INTRODUCTION TO COLONIALISM &
ORIENTALISM
Definitions of Colonialism & Orientalism
European Colonialism of Africa – History & Timeline

6. Definition of Colonialism
One of the main objectives of imperialism and colonialism was to exploit the colonies and their inhabitants to generate
economic wealth for the mother country and her corporations. ... Another impact of imperialism was the export of Western
values - resource exploitation, consumerism and materialism to the colonies. Colonialism can be described and defined as:
The establishment of a colony in one territory by a political power from another territory, and the subsequent maintenance,
expansion and exploitation of that colony by that ruling power. The term is also used to describe a set of unequal relationships
between the colonial power and the colony itself and is often present between the colonists and the indigenous peoples.
Colonialism also officially described as follows :
 The process of European settlement and political control over the rest of the world, including the Americas,
Australia, and parts of Africa and Asia
 The policy and practice of a power in extending control over weaker peoples or areas
 The control imposed by one power over a dependent area or people

7. Types of Colonialism
 Settler colonialism involves large-scale immigration, often motivated by religious, political, or economic
reasons.
 Exploitation colonialism involves fewer colonists and focuses on access to resources for export, typically
to the metropole. This category includes trading posts as well as larger colonies where colonists would
constitute much of the political and economic administration, but would rely on indigenous resources for
labor and material. Prior to the end of the slave trade and widespread abolition, when indigenous labor was
unavailable, slaves were often imported to the Americas, first by the Portuguese Empire, and later by the
Spanish, Dutch, French and British.
 Surrogate colonialism involves a settlement project supported by a colonial power, in which most of the
settlers do not come from same ethnic group as the ruling power.
 Internal colonialism is a notion of uneven structural power between areas of a state. The source of
exploitation comes from within the state.

8. History of Africa Borders: Pre-Colonial, Colonial and Post-Colonial

9. Early-modern European Colonialism of Africa-
Timeline (1754)

10. Early-modern European Colonialism of Africa-
Timeline (1822)

11. Early-modern European Colonialism of Africa-
Timeline (1945)

12. Early-modern European Colonialism of Africa-
Timeline
The 1st Early- modern European colonization wave took place from the early 15th century with the Portuguese
conquest of Ceuta in 1415 until the early 19th century with the French invasion of Algeria in 1830. What follows
is a summarized timeline of the European colonization of Africa from 1830:
 1834: Algeria’s annexation to France
 1884: Berlin Conference formalized the "New Imperialism“ and added almost 9 million square miles
(23,000,000 km²)—one-fifth of the land area of the globe—to its overseas colonial possessions.
 1912: Morocco became a French protectorate as a result of the treaty of Fez
 15th May 1943: Authority in Tunisia transferred to Free France

13. Decolonisation of Africa - Timeline
 1946: Sub Saharan territories granted autonomy and the right to elect representatives in the French assembly.
 20th March 1956: Tunisia’s full independence achieved.
 6th March 1957: Gold coast (Ghana) achieved independence.
 30th June1960: Belgium granted independence to Congo.
 1st October 1960: Nigeria became independent.
 27th April 1961: Sierra Leone became independent.
 28th December 1961: Tanganyika became independent .
 1st July 1962: Belgium granted Rwanda & Burundi sovereignty .
 9th December 1962: Uganda became independent.
 1974-1975: Angola, Mozambique, Guinea-Bissau and Cape Verde gained independence from Portugal.
 1980: Zimbabwe was granted independence by the British.

14. Definition of Orientalism
Orientalism can be described and defined as: Orientalism is a style of thought based upon ontological and
epistemological distinction made between "the Orient" and (most of the time) "the Occident." Thus a very large
mass of writers, among who are poet, novelists, philosophers, political theorists, economists, and imperial
administrators, have accepted the basic distinction between East and West as the starting point for elaborate
accounts concerning the Orient, its people, customs, "mind," destiny, and so on. . . . the phenomenon of
Orientalism as I study it here deals principally, not with a correspondence between Orientalism and Orient, but
with the internal consistency of Orientalism and its ideas about the Orient . . despite or beyond any
correspondence, or lack thereof, with a "real" Orient

15. An Egyptian Potter Seller Near Giza by Elisabet
Jerichau-Baumann is one prime example of
Orientalism during the early nineteenth century
Women of Algiers in their Apartment is the title
of two oil on canvas paintings by the French
Orientalist painter Eugène Delacroix in 1834
Examples of Orientalism

16. Homework
1.What are the main differences between:
Colonization & Globalization
Colonization & Imperialism
Colonization & Occupation
2.Which countries have been never
colonized?

17. THANK YOU