The 1920s, also known as the "Jazz Age" or "Roaring Twenties", was a decade of social and cultural change in the United States. Consumerism flourished with the rise of mass production, advertising, and credit, which fueled economic growth. New technologies like automobiles, radio, and movies contributed to the development of a mass culture. However, social tensions remained over issues like prohibition, immigration restrictions, religious fundamentalism challenging evolution, and racial tensions exemplified by the resurgence of the Ku Klux Klan. Politically, Republican administrations of Harding, Coolidge, and Hoover pursued business-friendly policies emphasizing lower taxes, reduced government spending, and protectionist tariffs.