This document provides an overview of Native American life before European contact, as well as a summary of the colonial settlements established by various European powers between the 16th and 18th centuries. It notes that between 1-5 million Native Americans lived in North America, organized into independent tribes. It then discusses the colonial periods of Spain, England, France, and other nations. Key events included Spanish conquests in the 1500s, the establishment of Jamestown in 1607, and the founding of Massachusetts and other New England colonies by religious dissenters such as the Pilgrims and Puritans. The document outlines differences between the New England, middle, and Southern colonies as they developed through this period.

1. THE SEVENTEENTH
AND EARLY
EIGHTEENTH
CENTURIES

2. NATIVE
AMERICANS IN
PRE-COLUMBIAN
NORTH AMERICA

3. Between 1 million
and 5 million Native
Americans lived in
modern Canada and
the United States

4. Tribes were
independent of each
other and often
competed for the
same natural
resources

5. Difficult to
unite against
Europeans

6. THE EARLY
COLONIAL ERA:
SPAIN COLONIZES
THE NEW WORLD

7. Columbus returned to
Spain and reported the
existence of a rich New
World with easy-to-
subjugate natives

8. During the next
century, Spain
was the colonial
power

9. Advanced
weaponry and
incredible
ruthlessness of the
conquistadors

10. Spanish Armada
made it difficult for
other countries to
send their own
expeditions.

11. conquistadors enslaved
the natives and
attempted to erase their
culture and supplant it
with Catholicism

12. Europeans were
"carriers" of
small pox

13. THE ENGLISH
ARRIVE

14. The “Lost
Colony”

15. Sir Walter Raleigh
sponsored a
settlement on
Roanoke Island

16. By 1590 the
colony had
disappeared

17. In 1607 they
settled
Jamestown

18. joint-stock company: a
group of investors who
bought the right to
establish New World
plantations from the
king

19. company was
called the
Virginia
Company

20. English
gentlemen, were ill-
suited to the many
adjustments life in the
New World required

21. Captain John
Smith imposed
harsh martial
law

22. "He who will
not work shall
not eat."

23. During the starving
time of 1609 and
1610, some
resorted to
cannibalism

24. Powhatan
Confederacy taught
the English what
crops to plant and
how to plant them

25. 1614, Pocahontas,
the daughter of the
chief, married
planter John Rolfe

26. English forgot their
debt to the
Powhatan as soon
as they needed
more land

27. Powhatan
Confederacy was
destroyed by
English in 1644.

28. John Rolfe
introduced the
cash crop of
tobacco

29. Indians
showed him
how

30. Tobacco’s success
largely
determined the
fate of the
Virginia region

31. Area came to be
known as the
Chesapeake
(named after the
bay)

32. Why
emigrate?

33. Overpopulation in
England had led to
widespread famine,
disease, and poverty

34. Opportunity
provided by
indentured
servitude

35. Indentured servants
received a small piece of
property with their
freedom, thus enabling
them (1) to survive, and (2)
to vote

36. In 1619 Virginia
established the House
of Burgesses, in which
any property-
holding, white male
could vote

37. THE PILGRIMS AND
THE
MASSACHUSETTS
BAY COMPANY

38. Protestant
movement called
Puritanism arose in
England

39. Wanted to purify
the corrupt
Anglican Church

40. One Puritan group
called Separatists left
England and went to
Holland

41. In 1620 they set sail for Virginia
Mayflower, went off
course and they
landed in modern-day
Massachusetts

42. Mayflower Compact
created a legal authority and an
assembly. It asserted that the
government's power derives
from the consent of the
governed

43. Pilgrims received
life-saving
assistance from
local Native
Americans

44. 1629: a larger and more
powerful colony called
Massachusetts Bay was
established by
Congregationalists (Puritans
who wanted to reform the
Anglican church from within )

45. Separatists and the
Congregationalists did not
tolerate religious freedom
in their colonies, even
though both had
experienced and fled
religious persecution.

46. Roger Williams, a teacher in the
Salem Bay settlement, taught that
church and state should be
separate
Puritans banished Williams

47. He moved to
modern-day Rhode
Island and founded
a new colony

48. Anne Hutchinson was
a prominent
proponent of
antinomianism

49. antinomianism
faith and God's grace
suffice to earn one a
place among the
"elect."

50. She was tried for
heresy, convicted,
and banished

51. The death of
Cromwell
(1658)

52. English settlers in
New England and
the Chesapeake
differed
considerably

53. New Englanders
were definitely
more religious

54. OTHER EARLY
COLONIES

55. Connecticut
Valley, a fertile
region with lots of
access to the sea

56. Pequots attacked a
settlement in
Wakefield and killed
nine colonists

57. Massachusetts Bay
Colony retaliated by
burning the main Pequot
village, killing 400, many
of them women and
children

58. This was the
“Pequot
War”

59. Proprietorships: owned
by one person, who
usually received the land
as a gift from the king
Connecticut was one such
colony

60. Maryland was
another, granted to
Cecilius Calvert,
Lord Baltimore

61. Maryland became a
haven of religious
tolerance for all
Christians, and it became
the first major Catholic
enclave in the New World

62. New York was also a royal gift
Some of the area was
a Dutch settlement
called New
Netherland

63. The Quakers received their
own colony. William Penn,
a Quaker, was a close
friend of King Charles II,
and Charles granted Penn
what became Pennsylvania

64. Carolina was also a
proprietary colony,
which ultimately
split in two

65. North Carolina, which
was settled by
Virginians, developed
into a Virginia-like
colony

66. South Carolina was
settled by the
descendants of
Englishmen who had
colonized Barbados

67. Their arrival truly
marked the
beginning of the
slave era in the
colonies.

68. Triangular trade
routes
Slaves to sugar plantations,
sugar to distillers in colonies,
rum and such to Europe

69. Eventually, most of the
proprietary colonies
were converted to royal
colonies (owned by the
crown)

70. THE AGE OF
SALUTARY NEGLECT
(1650 TO 1750)
Also “Benign Neglect”

71. British too busy
with other
problems to keep
close rein on
colonies

72. ENGLISH REGULATION
OF COLONIAL TRADE
Mercantilists believed that
economic power was rooted in a
favorable balance of trade.
American colonies were seen
primarily as markets for British and
West Indian goods.

73. Navigation Acts required
the colonists to buy goods
only from England and
prohibited the colonies
from manufacturing a
number of goods that
England already produced

74. MAJOR EVENTS
OF THE PERIOD
Consult your “laundry list”

75. LIFE IN THE COLONIES
Population in 1700
was 250,000; by 1750,
that number was
1,250,000

76. Over 90 percent-lived
in rural areas
Children and women were
completely subordinate to
men! (Great Idea!!)

77. Children's education
had to be fit in
around their work
schedules

78. Married women
were not allowed to
vote, own property,
draft a will, or
testify in court.

79. Slaves often developed
extended-kinship ties and
strong communal bonds to
cope with the misery of
servitude and the possibility
that their nuclear families
might be separated by sale

80. New England
society centered on
trade. Boston was
the colonies' major
port city

81. The middle colonies-
New York,
Pennsylvania, New
Jersey-had more fertile
land and so focused
primarily on farming

82. The lower South
(the Carolinas)
concentrated on
such cash crops as
tobacco and rice

83. Majority of
Southerners were
subsistence farmers
who had no slaves

84. Colonies on the
Chesapeake
combined features of
the middle colonies
and the lower South

85. Colonies were hardly
a unified whole as
they approached the
events that led them
to rebel