- The North, South, and West developed very differently economically and socially in the early 1800s. The North industrialized while the South remained agricultural and relied on slavery. The West was focused on farming, fur trapping, and real estate speculation.
- These regional differences led to conflicting political interests around issues like tariffs and the expansion of slavery into new territories. The Compromise of 1850 temporarily resolved some of these issues but reinforced the concept of "popular sovereignty" that exacerbated tensions.
- The Kansas-Nebraska Act repealed the Missouri Compromise, effectively opening Kansas and Nebraska to slavery and sparking violent clashes known as "Bleeding Kansas" that further divided the North and South. This
AP WORLD HISTORY: Chapter 17 Revolutions of Industrialization 1750-1914S Sandoval
AP world history - Ways of the World book by Strayer. Summary of Chapter 17: European moment in world history - Revolutions of industrialization 1750 to 1914.
AP WORLD HISTORY: Chapter 17 Revolutions of Industrialization 1750-1914S Sandoval
AP world history - Ways of the World book by Strayer. Summary of Chapter 17: European moment in world history - Revolutions of industrialization 1750 to 1914.
AP WORLD HISTORY - Chapter 18 colonial encounters in asia and africa 1750 1950S Sandoval
AP WORLD HISTORY: Book: Ways of the World by R. Strayer.
Summary of Chapter 18: Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa 1750-1950. The European moment in world history 1750-1914.
AP WORLD HISTORY - Chapter 18 colonial encounters in asia and africa 1750 1950S Sandoval
AP WORLD HISTORY: Book: Ways of the World by R. Strayer.
Summary of Chapter 18: Colonial Encounters in Asia and Africa 1750-1950. The European moment in world history 1750-1914.
The American West Professor Mindi Sitterud-McCluskeyWest.docxlillie234567
The American West
Professor Mindi Sitterud-McCluskey
Westward Expansion
From the inception of the United States, the western frontier had been imbued with freedom and opportunity in the American mind as well as in the minds of many Europeans. The western frontier seemed to offer what the east coast and Western Europe did not by the mid-1800s: Land. Historically speaking, land signified empowerment. Land represented independence and opportunity, namely the possibility of becoming a truly “free man” through self-management, self-sufficiency, and claiming and benefitting fully from the product of one’s own labor.
Land figured prominently into the high ideals with which the American Revolution and Early Republic were imbued. For, to be a republic- for, by, and of the people, the United States would need to be a nation of truly free people. The United States seemed to have land enough to make this possible.
Empire of Liberty:
Inspired by republican notions of freedom, Thomas Jefferson had looked west and envisioned an “Empire of Liberty,” comprised of independent, self-sufficient, and self-managing small farmers.
Jefferson perceived agriculture as not just conducive to freedom but also uniquely virtuous. By contrast, he viewed the owning, investing, and banking class as corrupt and waged laborers as degraded, dependent and unfree.
Jefferson believed that by securing the western lands, the United States could better secure itself as a free republic and avoid the fate of industrial Britain: Armies of unfree wage-workers, “dark, satanic mills,” and urban slums.
Introduction
Inspired by republican notions of freedom and pushed by members of the working-class struggle and their abolitionist allies, the radical Republican Party of Lincoln passed the Homestead Act even as the Civil War entered its second year on the East Coast.
Homestead Act (1862)
Offered at least 160 acres of free western land to those who filed a claim, lived on the land for at least 5 years, and made improvements.
Open to anyone who had not taken up arms for the Confederacy, including women, blacks, and immigrants who had applied for citizenship
Goal: Rooted in republican notions of freedom, it intended to provide laboring people with land and, by extension, an opportunity to work their way into a condition of real freedom. It would be comparable to Washington DC, today, giving citizens the capital and resources needed to start a small business.
After being stalled by the southern states for years, the Pacific Railway Act also became passed by the Republicans as the war grinded on between the states in the east.
Pacific Railway Act: (1862)
The US government allocated unprecedent funds, grants, bonds and free land for the purpose of contracting with private capitalists to build a Transcontinental Railroad.
Westward Expansion
Transcontinental Railroad
Constructed between 1863-1869
Eastward construction began near San Francisco under the Central P.
8 Living and Dying in Bondage THE SLAVE CONSPIRACY OF 1822HISTO.docxalinainglis
8 Living and Dying in Bondage: THE SLAVE CONSPIRACY OF 1822
HISTORICAL CONTEXT
Around the beginning of the nineteenth century, the English textile industry grew at an incredible pace. Work was reorganized so that a relatively small number of individuals controlled the buying of cotton and its spinning, weaving, and sale as cloth. Some of the new technologies were simple, others, complex, involving large factories. But the new industry was characterized by a heightened specialization of labor, the ability of some men to purchase the time of others as cheaply as possible, and the need of masses of people to sell their labor in order to make a living. The growth of the textile industry signaled the beginnings of a general reorganization of production under capitalism.
The freedom of individuals to buy and sell labor—of owners to hire and fire whomever they pleased and of workers to work for whomever they chose—was central to the system. But most of the individuals who produced the raw cotton that eventually became cloth were slaves, people without such freedom. First, long-staple cotton, which grew only in the coastal areas of the Carolinas and Georgia, fed the textile business. Short-staple cotton was hardy and could grow in varied climates, but the seeds stuck in the cotton bolls, making it unfit for spinning. Then, in 1793, an American inventor, Eli Whitney, developed his famous cotton gin, which easily separated fiber from seed. Now cloth could be produced from any kind of cotton.
Soon the cotton culture spread inland from the southern coast, overrunning Alabama and Mississippi by the 1830s, Texas and Louisiana slightly later. Textile mills opened in America and England, and despite ups and downs, the overall demand for cotton products in world markets seemed unlimited. The new industry spurred the expansion of other businesses, including banking, shipping, and insurance, as well as retailing, importing, and exporting. Thus, cotton was one of the most important ingredients in the development of modern capitalism, and where cotton spread, so did slavery. Here was an irony: The same product that had nurtured a free-labor capitalistic economy also was essential to the growth and extension of slavery, an ancient system antithetical to the free-labor marketplace. If cotton cloth production was the great engine of modern capitalism, enslaved men and women drove that engine. Freedom for some, then, depended on the bondage of others.
Before the great boom in cotton demand, the institution of slavery had been on the defensive. Especially in England, evangelical Christians, reformers, and advocates of free labor were beginning to push for outlawing the slave trade with Africa and, in some extreme cases, for the manumission of slaves in the Americas. The new American Constitution allowed Congress to prohibit the slave trade after 1808, and by 1820, the northern states had either outlawed servitude or were in the process of doing so. In the South, howev.
New Explore Careers and College Majors 2024.pdfDr. Mary Askew
Explore Careers and College Majors is a new online, interactive, self-guided career, major and college planning system.
The career system works on all devices!
For more Information, go to https://bit.ly/3SW5w8W
The Impact of Artificial Intelligence on Modern Society.pdfssuser3e63fc
Just a game Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?Assignment 3
1. What has made Louis Vuitton's business model successful in the Japanese luxury market?
2. What are the opportunities and challenges for Louis Vuitton in Japan?
3. What are the specifics of the Japanese fashion luxury market?
4. How did Louis Vuitton enter into the Japanese market originally? What were the other entry strategies it adopted later to strengthen its presence?
5. Will Louis Vuitton have any new challenges arise due to the global financial crisis? How does it overcome the new challenges?
Exploring Career Paths in Cybersecurity for Technical CommunicatorsBen Woelk, CISSP, CPTC
Brief overview of career options in cybersecurity for technical communicators. Includes discussion of my career path, certification options, NICE and NIST resources.
Want to move your career forward? Looking to build your leadership skills while helping others learn, grow, and improve their skills? Seeking someone who can guide you in achieving these goals?
You can accomplish this through a mentoring partnership. Learn more about the PMISSC Mentoring Program, where you’ll discover the incredible benefits of becoming a mentor or mentee. This program is designed to foster professional growth, enhance skills, and build a strong network within the project management community. Whether you're looking to share your expertise or seeking guidance to advance your career, the PMI Mentoring Program offers valuable opportunities for personal and professional development.
Watch this to learn:
* Overview of the PMISSC Mentoring Program: Mission, vision, and objectives.
* Benefits for Volunteer Mentors: Professional development, networking, personal satisfaction, and recognition.
* Advantages for Mentees: Career advancement, skill development, networking, and confidence building.
* Program Structure and Expectations: Mentor-mentee matching process, program phases, and time commitment.
* Success Stories and Testimonials: Inspiring examples from past participants.
* How to Get Involved: Steps to participate and resources available for support throughout the program.
Learn how you can make a difference in the project management community and take the next step in your professional journey.
About Hector Del Castillo
Hector is VP of Professional Development at the PMI Silver Spring Chapter, and CEO of Bold PM. He's a mid-market growth product executive and changemaker. He works with mid-market product-driven software executives to solve their biggest growth problems. He scales product growth, optimizes ops and builds loyal customers. He has reduced customer churn 33%, and boosted sales 47% for clients. He makes a significant impact by building and launching world-changing AI-powered products. If you're looking for an engaging and inspiring speaker to spark creativity and innovation within your organization, set up an appointment to discuss your specific needs and identify a suitable topic to inspire your audience at your next corporate conference, symposium, executive summit, or planning retreat.
About PMI Silver Spring Chapter
We are a branch of the Project Management Institute. We offer a platform for project management professionals in Silver Spring, MD, and the DC/Baltimore metro area. Monthly meetings facilitate networking, knowledge sharing, and professional development. For event details, visit pmissc.org.
13. Cotton gin altered Southern agriculture –
needed more slaves …
Commerce led to a larger middle class (esp.
North) and industrialization resulted in
bigger cities (and large groups of
“impoverished” immigrants) …
Westward migration created a new
frontier culture …
14. Each of these sets of
circumstances
influenced people's
attitudes and ambitions
15. Remember these
generalizations about the
different regions of the U.S.,
because by using them and
some common sense, you
can often answer specific
AP questions
16. If a question asks about support for a
particular tariff, which area would almost
certainly support and which oppose?
It wouldn’t matter what
tariff is asked about –
the North would
support it while the
South opposed it!
17. THE NORTH AND
AMERICAN CITIES
nation's industrial
and commercial
center
20. Northern farmers, unable to
compete with cheaper
produce carted in from the
West and South (by
steamship and rail), moved
to cities to work in the new
factories
28. In working-class families, men
often worked in factories or at
low-paying crafts; women often
worked at home
Families lived just above
the poverty level
29. Were most often recent
immigrants
1840s and 1850s: when the
great immigration waves
from Ireland and then
Germany arrived
30. Met with hostility, especially
from the working classes, who
feared competition for low-
paying jobs
The Irish, in particular, were
subject to wide-spread bias,
directed in part at their
Catholicism.
31. 1830s and 1840s, religious,
ethnic, and/or class strife
could escalate to violence
40. Slave owners almost always
converted their slaves to
Christianity, again convinced that
they were serving the slaves' best
interests. The Africans, in
turn, adapted Christianity to their
cultures and incorporated their
own religions and traditions into
their new faith
42. But remember ….
Slaves were an
investment
(importing African slaves was banned in
1808, making it essential to keep one's
slaves alive and reproducing)
43. Majority of Southern planters
farmed smaller tracts of land
Yeomen owned no slaves and
worked their small tracts of land
with only their families. Most were
of Scottish and Irish descent and
farmed in the hills, which were
unsuitable for plantation farming
44. South was also home to
more than 250,000 free
blacks
Black codes, prevented them
from owning guns, drinking
liquor, and assembling in
groups of more than three
45. Prejudice was a constant
fact of life
Some were mulattos, (mostly
descendants of wealthy whites)
and led lives of relative luxury
and refinement in the Deep
South, particularly in and
around New Orleans
47. In 1800 the frontier lay east of
the Mississippi River
By 1820 nearly all of this
eastern territory had attained
statehood
48. Now the frontier region
consisted of much of the
Louisiana Purchase
By the early 1840s, the
frontier had expanded to
include the Pacific
Northwest
49. In 1848 the Gold Rush drew
numerous settlers to
California
Ohio Valley and points
west were hospitable to
grain production and dairy
farming
50. Midwest came to be known as
"the nation's breadbasket."
Fur traders were often the
first pioneers in a region…
constantly moved west
51. Trappers formed the first
American government in the
Oregon Territory
Western frontier was
also home to cattle
ranchers and miners
52. Frontier life was rugged.
Because of the possibilities
for advancement and for
"getting a new start in life,'
the West came to symbolize
freedom and equality
54. Impulse to improve the
lives of others
Early social reform
movements grew out of
the Second Great
Awakening
55. Second Great Awakening
began in the Northeast in
the 1790s
Gave birth to numerous
societies dedicated to
saving humanity from its
own worst impulses
66. Its leaders: Lucretia Mott
and Elizabeth Cady
Stanton
Stanton teamed up with Susan
B. Anthony and founded the
National Women's Suffrage
Association in 1869
67. Horace Mann was
instrumental in pushing
for public education
lengthened the school
year used the first
standardized books
68. THE ABOLITION
MOVEMENT
Before the 1830s, few
whites fought for the
liberation of the slaves
74. HEADING TOWARD
THE CIVIL WAR
(1845-1860)
1844 pitted James Polk, a
Democrat
expansionist, against Whig
leader Henry Clay
75. -"54 -40' or Fight"-
America's Northwestern
border should be extended
to the 54 40' latitude, deep
in Canadian territory
76. Polk wanted the immediate
annexation of Texas as well
as expansion into the
Mexican-claimed territories
of New Mexico, Arizona,
and California
77. Polk won. President Tyler
proposed the annexation of
Texas saying Polk’s win
was a “mandate.”
U.S. annexed Texas, and
Mexico broke off diplomatic
relations
79. Polk realized the United
States could hardly
afford to fight two
territorial wars at the
same time, so …
He softened his position on
Canada
80. The Oregon Treaty, signed with
Great Britain in 1846, allowed
the United States to acquire
peacefully what is now
Oregon, Washington, and parts
of Idaho, Wyoming, and
Montana
81. Polk concentrated on efforts
to claim the Southwest from
Mexico -
tried to buy the territory
when that failed, he
provoked Mexico until it
attacked American troops
82. The Mexican-American
War
Began in 1846
did not have universal
support from the
American public
84. Defeat of the Wilmot
Proviso, a Congressional
bill mandating the
prohibition of slavery in
any territory gained from
Mexico during the
war, reinforced those
suspicions
85. led to the formation of the
Free Soil Party
A single-issue party
devoted to the goals of
the Wilmot Proviso
86. Southerners felt that it was
the choice of the settlers in
new territories, and not of the
federal government
The two sides were
growing farther apart
87. Treaty of Guadalupe
Hidalgo (1848)
Mexico handed over almost all
of the modern Southwest:
Arizona, New Mexico,
California, Nevada, and Utah
88. New territories posed major
problems regarding the status of
slavery
Political parties split over issue
– anti-slavery Whigs went to
Free Soil party which refused
to allow popular sovereignty
89. THE COMPROMISE Of
1850
California, the populous
territory, wanted statehood.
Californians had already
drawn up a state constitution.
That constitution prohibited
slavery.
90. Proslavery forces argued
southern California should be
forced to accept slavery, in
accordance with the boundary
drawn by the Missouri
Compromise
91. Democrat Stephen Douglas
and Whig Henry Clay
hammered out what they
thought to be a workable
solution, known as the
Compromise of 1850
92. Original compromise was
defeated, but Douglas broke it
down into smaller bills and
managed to get each passed.
Admitted California as a free
state; created the territories of
Utah and New Mexico, but left
the status of slavery up to each
territory to decide
94. Definition of popular
sovereignty was so vague
that Northerners and
Southerners could
interpret the law entirely
differently so as to suit
their own positions
95. The fugitive slave law,
meanwhile, made it much
easier to retrieve escaped
slaves and required free
states to cooperate in
their retrieval
101. Settlers entering the Kansas and
Nebraska territories found no
established civil authority
Congress wanted to build
railways through the territory,
but they needed some form of
government to impose order.
102. Stephen Douglas formulated
and ushered through
Congress a law that left the
fate of slavery up to
residents without specifying
when or how they were to
decide.
103. To make matters
worse, by opening the
two territories to
slavery, the Kansas-
Nebraska Act repealed
the Missouri
Compromise
104. Many Northern states passed laws
weakening the fugitive slave act
Southerners, who thought
the fugitive slave law would
be the final word on the
issue, were furious.
106. They championed a wider
range of issues, including
the further development of
national roads, more
liberal land distribution in
the West, and increased
protective tariffs
108. Western settlers, and Eastern
importers all found something to
like in the Republican platform
Another new party
formed during this
period
109. The American party, often
called the Know-Nothings
because they met privately
and remained secretive about
their political agenda, rallied
around a single issue: Hatred
of foreigners
110. For a while it appeared that the
Know-Nothings, and not the
Republican party, would become
the Democrats' chief competition
But the party self-destructed,
primarily because its Northern
and Southern wings disagreed
over slavery
111. Time for “self determination.”
Just prior to the election
for Kansas's legislature,
thousands of proslavery
Missourians temporarily
relocated in Kansas
112. The new legislature, which
President Pierce recognized,
promptly declared Kansas a
slave territory.
Abolitionists refused to
accept this outcome and set
up their own government
113. Proslavery forces demolished
the abolitionist city of
Lawrence.
Radical abolitionist John
Brown led a raid on a
proslavery
camp, murdering five.
114. Brown hoped to spark a
slave revolt but failed.
He was executed after
his raid on Harper’s
Ferry in 1859.
115. After his execution, news spread that
Brown had received financial backing
from Northern abolitionist
organizations .
Brown became a martyr for
the cause, celebrated
throughout the North.
116. More than 200 people died
in the conflict, which is how
Kansas came to be known
as Bleeding Kansas, or
Bloody Kansas, during this
period.
118. In a sectional vote, Buchanan won
the election, carrying the South
Republican John Fremont
carried the North
Know-Nothings ran Millard
Fillmore, who won only 20
percent of the vote