2012: Birth of Agriculture
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The document summarizes the history of agriculture in three revolutions. The first agricultural revolution began around 10,000 BCE as some hunter-gatherer societies in various parts of the world transitioned to domesticating plants and animals, settling permanently in one area. This led to the establishment of early civilizations. The second agricultural revolution in the late Middle Ages involved innovations like crop rotation and selective breeding that increased food production and allowed commercial farming. The third revolution from the 1940s onward saw the introduction of modern technology including biotechnology, irrigation systems, fertilizers and pesticides, along with large-scale commercial farming and global population growth.
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2012 Birth of Agriculture
This document summarizes the history of agriculture in 3 stages:
1) Early agriculture (until 10,000 BCE) involved small nomadic groups gathering and hunting for food across Asia, Africa and Europe.
2) The agricultural revolution (10,000 BCE) saw the domestication of plants and animals and the rise of permanent settlements along major rivers. Specialization of labor and social stratification emerged.
3) Modern industrial agriculture (1940s-present) utilizes advanced technologies like machines, irrigation, fertilizers and pesticides to allow for large-scale commercial farming and help feed a growing global population.
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The document summarizes the agricultural revolution that occurred between 8,000-5,000 BCE. It began independently in different parts of the world as nomadic hunter-gatherer societies transitioned to more settled agricultural lifestyles due to climate change and scarce resources. The Fertile Crescent was an early region of domestication of plants like wheat and barley and animals like sheep and goats. Early farming societies had advantages of steady food and larger populations but also risks of disease and dependence on certain crops. New technologies and social structures varying from pastoral to village societies to chiefdoms emerged during this period of human development.
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Plant domestication 18 05-16 geo
Plant domestication began around 10,000 years ago in Mesopotamia where early humans domesticated wheat, barley, lentils and peas. A key early site of plant domestication was the Balsas River valley in Mexico where corn was first domesticated from teosinte plants. Rice was independently domesticated in China from wild rice and in Africa from a different species of wild rice. Beans were domesticated in both Mexico and Peru from wild beans, and potatoes were first encountered and eventually domesticated by peoples in the Andes mountains of South America. Plant domestication was a major development that allowed nomadic humans to settle down into agricultural societies.
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2012 Birth of Agriculture
This document summarizes the history of agriculture in 3 stages:
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2) The agricultural revolution (10,000 BCE) saw the domestication of plants and animals and the rise of permanent settlements along major rivers. Specialization of labor and social stratification emerged.
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Plant domestication began around 10,000 years ago in Mesopotamia where early humans domesticated wheat, barley, lentils and peas. A key early site of plant domestication was the Balsas River valley in Mexico where corn was first domesticated from teosinte plants. Rice was independently domesticated in China from wild rice and in Africa from a different species of wild rice. Beans were domesticated in both Mexico and Peru from wild beans, and potatoes were first encountered and eventually domesticated by peoples in the Andes mountains of South America. Plant domestication was a major development that allowed nomadic humans to settle down into agricultural societies.
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5
History’s Biggest Fraud
FOR 2.5 MILLION YEARS HUMANS FED themselves by gathering plants and
hunting animals that lived and bred without their intervention. Homo erectus,
Homo ergaster and the Neanderthals plucked wild gs and hunted wild sheep
without deciding where g trees would take root, in which meadow a herd of
sheep should graze, or which billy goat would inseminate which nanny goat.
Homo sapiens spread from East Africa to the Middle East, to Europe and Asia, and
nally to Australia and America – but everywhere they went, Sapiens too
continued to live by gathering wild plants and hunting wild animals. Why do
anything else when your lifestyle feeds you amply and supports a rich world of
social structures, religious beliefs and political dynamics?
All this changed about 10,000 years ago, when Sapiens began to devote almost
all their time and e ort to manipulating the lives of a few animal and plant
species. From sunrise to sunset humans sowed seeds, watered plants, plucked
weeds from the ground and led sheep to prime pastures. This work, they thought,
would provide them with more fruit, grain and meat. It was a revolution in the
way humans lived – the Agricultural Revolution.
The transition to agriculture began around 9500–8500 BC in the hill country of
south-eastern Turkey, western Iran, and the Levant. It began slowly and in a
restricted geographical area. Wheat and goats were domesticated by
approximately 9000 BC; peas and lentils around 8000 BC; olive trees by 5000 BC;
horses by 4000 BC; and grapevines in 3500 BC. Some animals and plants, such as
camels and cashew nuts, were domesticated even later, but by 3500 BC the main
wave of domestication was over. Even today, with all our advanced technologies,
more than 90 per cent of the calories that feed humanity come from the handful of
plants that our ancestors domesticated between 9500 and 3500 BC – wheat, rice,
maize (called ‘corn’ in the US), potatoes, millet and barley. No noteworthy plant
or animal has been domesticated in the last 2,000 years. If our minds are those of
hunter-gatherers, our cuisine is that of ancient farmers.
Scholars once believed that agriculture spread from a single Middle Eastern
point of origin to the four corners of the world. Today, scholars agree that
agriculture sprang up in other parts of the world not by the action of Middle
Eastern farmers exporting their revolution but entirely independently. People in
Central America domesticated maize and beans without knowing anything about
wheat and pea cultivation in the Middle East. South Americans learned how to
raise potatoes and llamas, unaware of what was going on in either Mexico or the
Levant. Chinas rst revolutionaries domesticated rice, millet and pigs. North
America’s first gardeners were those who got tired of combing the undergrowth for
edib.
Agriculture
Agriculture involves cultivating plants and animals to produce food, fiber and other products. It began independently in different parts of the world over 10,000 years ago with the domestication of wild grains, pigs, cattle and other species. Modern industrial agriculture uses mechanization, fertilizers and pesticides to sharply increase yields, but has also caused environmental damage. Over one third of the world's workers are still employed in agriculture, mainly in developing countries, though the percentage has declined in developed nations due to mechanization.
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Similar to 2012: Birth of Agriculture
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5
History’s Biggest Fraud
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hunting animals that lived and bred without their intervention. Homo erectus,
Homo ergaster and the Neanderthals plucked wild gs and hunted wild sheep
without deciding where g trees would take root, in which meadow a herd of
sheep should graze, or which billy goat would inseminate which nanny goat.
Homo sapiens spread from East Africa to the Middle East, to Europe and Asia, and
nally to Australia and America – but everywhere they went, Sapiens too
continued to live by gathering wild plants and hunting wild animals. Why do
anything else when your lifestyle feeds you amply and supports a rich world of
social structures, religious beliefs and political dynamics?
All this changed about 10,000 years ago, when Sapiens began to devote almost
all their time and e ort to manipulating the lives of a few animal and plant
species. From sunrise to sunset humans sowed seeds, watered plants, plucked
weeds from the ground and led sheep to prime pastures. This work, they thought,
would provide them with more fruit, grain and meat. It was a revolution in the
way humans lived – the Agricultural Revolution.
The transition to agriculture began around 9500–8500 BC in the hill country of
south-eastern Turkey, western Iran, and the Levant. It began slowly and in a
restricted geographical area. Wheat and goats were domesticated by
approximately 9000 BC; peas and lentils around 8000 BC; olive trees by 5000 BC;
horses by 4000 BC; and grapevines in 3500 BC. Some animals and plants, such as
camels and cashew nuts, were domesticated even later, but by 3500 BC the main
wave of domestication was over. Even today, with all our advanced technologies,
more than 90 per cent of the calories that feed humanity come from the handful of
plants that our ancestors domesticated between 9500 and 3500 BC – wheat, rice,
maize (called ‘corn’ in the US), potatoes, millet and barley. No noteworthy plant
or animal has been domesticated in the last 2,000 years. If our minds are those of
hunter-gatherers, our cuisine is that of ancient farmers.
Scholars once believed that agriculture spread from a single Middle Eastern
point of origin to the four corners of the world. Today, scholars agree that
agriculture sprang up in other parts of the world not by the action of Middle
Eastern farmers exporting their revolution but entirely independently. People in
Central America domesticated maize and beans without knowing anything about
wheat and pea cultivation in the Middle East. South Americans learned how to
raise potatoes and llamas, unaware of what was going on in either Mexico or the
Levant. Chinas rst revolutionaries domesticated rice, millet and pigs. North
America’s first gardeners were those who got tired of combing the undergrowth for
edib.
Agriculture
Agriculture involves cultivating plants and animals to produce food, fiber and other products. It began independently in different parts of the world over 10,000 years ago with the domestication of wild grains, pigs, cattle and other species. Modern industrial agriculture uses mechanization, fertilizers and pesticides to sharply increase yields, but has also caused environmental damage. Over one third of the world's workers are still employed in agriculture, mainly in developing countries, though the percentage has declined in developed nations due to mechanization.
07 Making A Life
The document provides an overview of how human subsistence strategies have evolved from hunting and gathering to agriculture and eventually industrialization. It describes key transitions such as the development of horticulture around 10,000 years ago in areas like the Fertile Crescent, which involved the cultivation of plants. This allowed for more sedentary lifestyles and population growth. Further agricultural intensification led to the rise of civilizations, social stratification, and urban centers supported by surrounding agricultural populations. The document contrasts preindustrial and industrial societies in their use of energy and relationship to the environment.
ORIGIN-HISTORY-AND-DEVELOPMENT-OF-AGRICULTURE.pptx
Women first observed that plants could be cultivated from seeds around 10,000 years ago, marking the beginning of agriculture. Early forms of agriculture included shifting cultivation, where plots of land would be farmed until depleted of nutrients before moving to new plots. Over time, as populations grew, agriculture became more settled and specialized, with the development of practices like crop rotation, animal husbandry, and irrigation. In the 19th century, the development of agricultural research and education helped turn it into a science, laying the foundations for modern industrialized agriculture and its heavy reliance on technology, mechanization, and genetic modification.
Intro to agriculture
Agriculture is the cultivation of plants and animals for human sustenance and economic gain. It involves intentional planting and raising of crops and livestock. Agriculture originated independently in different locations as hunter-gatherer societies transitioned to farming. Early forms included vegetative planting and seed agriculture. Major agricultural revolutions improved farming techniques and increased yields. While subsistence farming remains important in developing countries, commercial agriculture dominates in industrialized nations through large-scale, mechanized practices tied to other businesses.
Economy of Bangladesh pdf.pdf
Early farmers also developed improved varieties of plants. For example, around 6000 B.C.E., a new variety of wheat
arose in South Asia and Egypt. It was stronger than previous cereal grains, its hulls were easier to remove, and it
could be made into bread.
As the Romans expanded their empire using warfare and coercion, they wrote manuals about the farming techniques
they observed in Africa and Asia, and adapted them to land in Europe.
In China, farmers also adapted tools and methods from nearby empires. Economy of Bangladesh A variety of rice from Vietnam ripened
quickly and allowed farmers to harvest several crops during a single growing season. This rice quickly became
popular throughout China.
Precoursors of Civilization: Mesolithic and Neolithic
Describes the rise of settled communities and the domestication of plants and animals that accompanied or preceded them. Includes the role these innovations played in esbablishing civilization.
Describing a farm
A farm is an area of land used primarily for agricultural purposes like producing food and crops. Farms can be specialized for different products like fruits, vegetables, dairy, pigs or poultry. Modern farms in developed countries are highly mechanized, using machines for tasks and fewer farm workers. Traditional family farms are being replaced by larger commercial operations. The transition from hunter-gatherer societies to settled, agricultural societies began over 12,000 years ago in the Middle East, marking the beginning of the Neolithic Revolution. Farms can be owned by individuals, families, corporations and range in size from small plots to thousands of hectares. Farms may focus on a single crop or have a variety and may also raise livestock.
Paleolithic and Neolithic Societies
Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. improves standards of living.
- Formal social hierarchies and government. More complex social structures with defined roles like leaders, priests, artisans.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems, advanced skills in areas like math, science that demonstrate intellectual/c
UCS&P: Paleolithic vs Neolithic
Here are some key points that could be made about what makes humans and societies "civilized":
- Permanent settlements as opposed to nomadic lifestyles. Living in one place allows for more complex social organization and specialization of labor.
- Agriculture and food production. A reliable food source supports larger, more complex populations.
- Advanced tools and technology. The development of tools like plows, pottery, wheels, etc. signifies more advanced problem-solving skills.
- Social hierarchy and organization. Roles like leaders, craftspeople, traders indicate division of labor and more intricate social structures.
- Cultural achievements. Monuments, art, writing systems demonstrate surplus production and leisure time for non
Chapter-2-Concept-of-Agriculture.pdf
Agriculture is defined as the cultivation of land and raising of crops and livestock. The document then discusses the history and evolution of agriculture from early stages of hunting and gathering to the development of crop production and animal domestication. It describes key developments in agriculture around the world from ancient civilizations to modern innovations and the green revolution. For the Philippines specifically, it outlines the main crops and practices during the pre-colonial, colonial and post-war periods, highlighting the introduction of new crops and technologies over time.
6361384 (1).ppt
The document provides an overview of agriculture and its origins. It discusses that agriculture began as hunter-gatherer societies around 10,000 years ago and transitioned to the deliberate cultivation of plants and domestication of animals through two main types - vegetative planting and seed agriculture. This first agricultural revolution occurred in multiple hearths around the world, including Southeast Asia, Southwest Asia, Mexico, and Peru. The document then contrasts commercial agriculture practices in developed countries with subsistence agriculture in developing nations.
Key concept 1.2.1
Beginning around 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution led to the development of agriculture and pastoralism in different regions of the world. Permanent villages emerged in response to climatic changes, and crops and animals were domesticated locally. Agricultural and pastoralist societies had significant impacts on the environment through their land and resource use. These new economic systems supported growing populations and led to the rise of complex societies, specialized labor, trade, social hierarchies, and patriarchal social structures.
Guns germs steel
The document discusses Jared Diamond's book Guns, Germs, and Steel, which aims to explain why Eurasian civilizations dominated globally. It explores how environmental factors led to some populations acquiring an early "head start" in food production and domestication of animals in places like the Fertile Crescent, which indirectly laid the groundwork for technological advances like guns and steel. Natural experiments like those between the Maori and Moriori peoples on different islands show how environments can profoundly shape societies over short periods.
Key concept 1.2.1
Beginning about 10,000 years ago, the Neolithic Revolution led to the development of permanent agricultural villages and pastoralism. Agriculture emerged in different regions depending on local plants and animals. Agricultural and pastoralist societies transformed human communities by providing more reliable food and increasing populations. Elites accumulated wealth, leading to social hierarchies and patriarchal systems within agrarian and pastoralist societies.
Syria And The Greater Fertile Crescent
The document discusses the Fertile Crescent region and the development of early agricultural societies there approximately 12,000 years ago. Recently, the region experienced the worst 3-year drought on record, exacerbating political, water, and agricultural issues and causing widespread failures and human migrations. Researchers analyzed how climate factors like the recent droughts contributed to conditions that led to the Syrian civil war. The researchers believe multiple factors intensified one another, including unsustainable agricultural policies that depleted groundwater supplies, worsening the effects of the severe 2006-2007 drought.
Aakash
The document discusses the history and development of agriculture. It begins by explaining how agriculture led to the rise of civilization through domesticating animals and crops. It then discusses modern agricultural practices and technologies that have increased yields but also caused environmental damage. Finally, it provides an overview of the history and importance of agriculture in India, where over half the population relies on agriculture for their livelihood.
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Precoursors of Civilization: Mesolithic and Neolithic
Precoursors of Civilization: Mesolithic and Neolithic
Food and Living Resources [Autosaved] [Autosaved].pptx
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The document describes the different zones of elevation in the Andes Mountains, from the lowest coastal plains up through the high altitude puna grasslands. It notes that each 1,000 meter increase in elevation brings a change in climate and vegetation, from tropical rainforests near sea level up through dry scrublands and grasslands at higher elevations. Life becomes more difficult for both humans and animals the higher and colder one travels in the Andes.
Weber Notes 2014
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Economic Sectors
The document describes the five main economic sectors: primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary, and quinary. The primary sector involves extracting raw materials from the earth. The secondary sector transforms raw materials into finished goods through manufacturing and construction. The tertiary sector provides services to individuals and businesses. The quaternary sector involves knowledge-based and intellectual activities like education, research, and information technology. Finally, the quinary sector involves complex decision-making and management at the highest levels of government, science, and culture.
Geopolitical Theory
Geopolitical theory examines the relationship between geography, politics, and international relations. Key thinkers in geopolitical theory include:
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This document contains notes on religion from various sources including pages 188-189 and 191 of an unknown text, as well as websites on religion worldwide, Christianity in Europe, Islam in Africa, and the distribution of Hinduism and Buddhism. It also includes notes on major world religions like Christianity, Islam, Hinduism, Buddhism, and Judaism providing statistics on adherents and geographic origins or centers.
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The document outlines the five themes of geography: location, which refers to both absolute and relative location; place, which identifies distinguishing human and physical characteristics such as culture, landforms, and rivers; region, which combines places with similar characteristics; human-environment interaction, which examines how humans adapt to, modify, and depend on the environment; and movement, which refers to the movement of people, goods, and ideas both locally and globally.
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The document describes the different zones of elevation in the Andes Mountains, from the lowest coastal plains up through the high altitude puna grasslands and rocky deserts. It notes that each 1,000 meter increase in elevation brings a change in climate and vegetation, from tropical rainforests near sea level to freezing temperatures and permanent snow above 5,000 meters. Life in the Andes has adapted to these varied zones over thousands of years.
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2012: Birth of Agriculture
- 2. agriculture the deliberate tending of crops and livestock to produce food and fiber
- 15. WHERE
- 16. Plant and Animal Domestication
- 17. Plant and Animal Domestication
- 18. Plant and Animal Domestication
- 36. 3rd Agricultural Revolution