Cell theory
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A cell is the basic unit of structure and function in living things. The invention of the microscope made it possible to see cells. There are two main types of microscopes - simple microscopes with one lens and compound microscopes with more than one lens. The cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function of an organism, and cells are produced from other cells. Robert Hooke was the first to see a cell using a microscope and named it a cell.
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The document discusses the history and development of microscopy and the cell theory. It explains that Robert Hooke first observed cells in 1663 using a compound microscope. Anton van Leeuwenhoek later observed single-celled organisms using a simple microscope. Their findings led to the cell theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells are the basic units of structure and function, and new cells are produced from existing cells. The document also describes how light microscopes work using lenses to magnify objects and resolve fine detail, and how electron microscopes provide even higher resolution.
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The document is a ratification page for a report on using a microscope. It includes the name, student ID number, class, and group of the student who authored the report, Shally Rahmawaty. It also includes the signatures and IDs of the assistant and assistant coordinator who reviewed the report and accepted it, dated November 2013 in Makassar.
Biology (don't know what to name the title )
The document discusses cells and microscopes. It summarizes that cells are the basic units of life and microscopes allow us to study cells. There are two main types of microscopes - compound microscopes, which use two lenses and are used in schools, and electron microscopes, which do not use lenses and can study extremely small objects. The discovery of cells took a long time because early scientists did not have powerful microscopes to observe cells directly.
Biology book layout, Layout Design, Book Layout, book inner page design
- Robert Hooke in 1665 first observed cells when examining cork under a microscope and coined the term "cell" to describe the small compartments he saw. However, he did not provide further insights into cell structure.
- Anton van Leeuwenhoek later developed more advanced microscopes and was the first to observe single-celled organisms like bacteria and yeast.
- In the 1830s-1850s, scientists including Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow developed the Cell Theory, which states that all living things are made of cells, cells come only from pre-existing cells, and the cell is the basic unit of structure and function of all organisms.
A. cells introduction
The document summarizes the history and development of the microscope and cell theory. It describes how early microscopists like Zacharias Janssen, Robert Hooke, and Antonie van Leeuwenhoek improved microscope lenses and were the first to observe cells. Their observations laid the foundations for cell biology and the cell theory that all living things are made of one or more cells. The document also provides details on light microscopes and electron microscopes and how they enable higher magnification and resolution for examining cell structures.
Lab 1
Roger Bacon first observed the magnifying properties of crystals in 1268, accidentally discovering that convex crystals could make distant objects appear closer and larger. This led to the development of the telescope and simple microscope with one lens. Over time, microscopes were improved with two lenses for better resolution and magnification, and different types were developed including light and electron microscopes. The invention of the microscope allowed humans to overcome limitations of the naked eye and view cells, leading to many new discoveries about their structure and function. Robert Hooke first used the term "cell" to describe the boxes he saw when viewing cork bark under an early microscope in 1665, though he did not understand cells' true nature. Antonie van Leeuwenhoek later
Microscope notes
The microscope was developed in the 1600s by several people including Zacharias Janssen, who created the first microscope by combining two magnifying glasses, and Anton Von Leeuwenhoek, who created early modern microscopes. Robert Hooke used microscopes to discover and name cells. There are several types of microscopes including simple microscopes with two lenses, compound microscopes with multiple lenses allowing different magnifications, and stereomicroscopes with two eyepieces allowing 3D viewing of thick objects. The most powerful are electron microscopes, which can magnify over a million times using electron beams. Compound, simple, and stereomicroscopes use convex lenses to magnify objects.
History of microscope for the study of cell
Microscopes are instruments that allow observation of very small objects that are invisible to the naked eye. There are several types of microscopes including compound, confocal, stereoscopic, TEM, and SEM microscopes. The compound microscope uses glass lenses and visible light to produce a magnified 2D image while electron microscopes like the TEM use electron beams to view specimens with higher magnification and resolution. The history of microscopes began in the 13th century with simple magnifying lenses and progressed to developments like the achromatic lens and electron microscope. Cells are the basic units of life that contain organelles like the nucleus, chloroplasts, mitochondria and are bounded by a cell membrane, which microscopes allow detailed examination of.
the Microscope
The document provides a history of the microscope from its early origins as a simple magnifying glass to its modern compound forms. Key developments include the earliest compound microscopes created by the Janssens in 1590 using multiple lenses, Anton van Leeuwenhoek's simple single-lens microscope in 1674 that allowed him to be the first to observe bacteria, and later innovations such as phase-contrast microscopy, electron microscopy, and scanning tunneling microscopy that enabled viewing objects much smaller than the wavelength of light. The document also describes the basic parts and functions of the modern compound microscope, including its tube, lenses, stage, light source, and other components.
microscopy/type of microscopy
The document discusses different types of microscopes. It explains that microscopes are used to magnify small objects and can range from simple magnifying glasses to complex research instruments. Simple microscopes use a single lens for magnification, while compound microscopes use multiple lenses to achieve higher magnification. Specific microscope techniques discussed include light microscopy, fluorescence microscopy, confocal microscopy, phase contrast microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and transmission electron microscopy.
Microscope.pptx
The document discusses microscopes, including their history, types, parts, and usage. It notes that the first primitive microscopes date to the late 1300s, but that Galileo Galilei perfected the first known microscope in 1609. The key types discussed are light microscopes, compound microscopes, and electron microscopes like scanning electron microscopes and transmission electron microscopes. The parts of a basic microscope are also outlined, including the objective lens, eyepiece, stage, and controls. Proper microscope care is also briefly covered.
The microscope
The document provides a detailed history of the development of the microscope from its invention in the 16th century to recent advances in super-resolution microscopy. It describes key milestones such as the earliest compound microscope in 1609, the first observation of living cells in 1676, and the invention of the electron microscope in 1931. It also outlines the main types of microscopes including compound, stereo, inverted, metallurgical, and polarizing microscopes and their typical uses.
Lecture 1 The Cell.pdf
The document provides information about cell biology and the discovery of cells. It discusses:
1. The cell theory which states that cells are the basic unit of life, arise from preexisting cells, and have similar structure and function.
2. How the first cells were discovered in 1665 by Robert Hooke and 1674 by Anton van Leeuwenhoek using early microscopes.
3. Key developments in microscopy that enabled better visualization of cells, including compound microscopes, light microscopes, transmission electron microscopes, and scanning electron microscopes.
What in the world
The document discusses the history and development of the microscope from early magnifying glasses to modern electron microscopes. It describes how early Romans discovered that curved glass lenses could magnify objects and how this led to the eventual invention of compound microscopes with multiple lenses in the 1500s. Key figures like Anton van Leeuwenhoek, Robert Hooke, and Galileo improved microscope design and were able to view previously unseen microscopic life. The modern microscope works by using objective lenses to magnify specimens on slides which are further enlarged through eyepieces.
A. The development of the has allowed us to study cells and their pro.pdf
A. The development of the has allowed us to study cells and their processes 1. T a. Resolution is
the ability ofamicroscope to show two objects as separate Magnification is how much larger an
object appears compared to its actual size a Light microscopes are the kind we use in lab. They
function by having visible light pass through an object, and then glass lenses enlarge the object.
b. Electron microscopes use beams of electrons. They have better resolving and magnification
capabilities that allow us to see organelles and their parts. 3. Cell Theory states that all living
things & come from other cells. This theory developed as a result of contributions of 5 people
van Leeuwenhoek- 1 microscope in the 17 century b. Robert Hooke was the first person to use
the term cell to describe the basic structure of living organisms. When observing cork he noticed
that it was full of small room like structures. These structures resembled the cells that monks
lived in thus he coined the term cell in relationship Schleiden-plants are composed ofcells to
living organisms. d Schwann-animals are composed of cells e. Virchow-cells don\'t just appear
they come from preexisting cells. B. Two major classes of cells. which is coiled in region where
the nuc leus would be if the cell had a nucleus. This group includes the archaea and bacteria have
a true nucleus which is bordered by a double membrane called the nuclear enve lop. This group
includes the protists, fungi, plants, and animals collectively known as the Eukarya.
Characteristics of eukaryot ic cells A. Cytoplasm is the space in a cell between the It contains
organelles within a fluid called B. Membrane Structure and Function 1. The serves as the border
of the cell. Its unique structure allows it to regulate what enters and exits a cell, for this reason it
is oft called the gate keeper 2. Membrane Structure pecialized lipids known as make up most of
the membrane. These structures have a or water loving head that is made of a phosphate group
and two x I N
Solution
1. Developmet of microscope enabled the study of cells. Microscopes are two types light or
compound microscope and electronic microscope.
2. In a compound light microscope the high power objective lens comes close to the specimen to
magnify the image. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) depends on the electron beam of
short wavelength to illuminate the internal structures of microorganisms. The electron beam
penetrates into the specimen and magnifies 1nm object up to 500,000X. In scanning electron
microscopy (SEM) the specimen is coated with a thin layer of heavy metal like gold or
palladium. The narrow beam of electrons probe back and forth of the metal coated specimen.
The secondary electrons that are scattered back give the image of the specimen which is
displayed on the screen.
3. According to cell theory living things are composed of one or more cells. Anton von
Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723) is considered as “Father of Microbiology”. He was the f.
Cells
The document discusses the history and development of the cell theory and microscopy. It describes how early scientists like Hooke, Van Leeuwenhoek, Brown, Schleiden, and Schwann made important discoveries using early microscopes that contributed to the formulation of the cell theory. The cell theory states that all living things are made up of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure and function, and cells come from pre-existing cells. The document also provides an overview of different types of microscopes, including optical, electron, transmission, scanning electron, and x-ray microscopes.
Microscopes and microscopy
The document discusses microscopes and microscopy. It begins by explaining that a microscope uses lenses to magnify small objects. It then discusses the history and development of microscopes from early magnifying glasses to modern compound microscopes. It describes the key parts of compound microscopes including the objective lens, eyepiece, stage, illuminator, and condenser. It explains how magnification is calculated and factors like depth of field and resolution.
Microscopy_.ppt
The document summarizes microscopy techniques. It describes the early development of light microscopes in the 1500s-1600s by Janssen and Leeuwenhoek. It then explains how light microscopes work using lenses to magnify specimens, and lists the basic parts of a light microscope. The document contrasts the resolution limits of light microscopes with the development of electron microscopes in the 1930s, which can visualize smaller objects using electron beams. It classifies electron microscopes and provides examples of images from both light and electron microscopy.
Unit 3 - 7.1 Cell Discovery and Theory
The microscope enabled the discovery that all living things are made of cells. In 1665, Robert Hooke used a simple microscope to observe box-shaped structures in cork that he called "cells". In the late 1600s, Anton van Leeuwenhoek used an improved microscope to observe living organisms in pond water and milk. Over subsequent decades, scientists including Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann, and Rudolf Virchow contributed observations that led to the accepted Cell Theory - that all living things are composed of cells, cells are the basic unit of structure, and cells come from pre-existing cells. More advanced microscopes like electron microscopes have since allowed scientists to study cells in even greater detail.
Celltheory and its types
Robert Hooke was the first to observe cells in 1665 when he examined a thin section of cork under a microscope. He saw structures that resembled a honeycomb and called them cells. Later, in 1674, Anton van Leeuwenhoek discovered tiny living things in pond water using a microscope. Over time, the observations of many scientists led to the development of the Cell Theory: (1) all living things are made of cells, (2) cells are the basic units of structure and function, and (3) new cells are produced from existing cells.
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animals
Classification is the process of organizing living things into groups based on similarities to make them easier to study. Aristotle created the first classification system dividing animals into those that fly, swim, or walk/crawl/run. Linnaeus developed binomial nomenclature, giving each organism a two-part scientific name comprising its genus and species to precisely classify it. There are 7 levels of classification from broadest kingdom to most specific species, and evolution causes species to gradually change over time, influencing their classification.
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Alfred Wegener was a German scientist born in 1880 who developed the theory of continental drift, which proposed that the continents were once joined together in a supercontinent called Pangaea. He provided evidence from matching continental coastlines, fossil distributions, and past climates to support his hypothesis. Harry Hess was an American geologist born in 1906 who helped develop the theory of plate tectonics, proposing that the Earth's lithosphere is broken into rigid plates that move over Earth's surface. He contributed the idea of seafloor spreading to explain how new oceanic crust is formed at mid-ocean ridges. The theory of plate tectonics eventually subsumed and expanded upon Wegener's idea of continental drift
Who Am I Template
The document is a first-person description of an animal written by the animal itself. It provides clues about the animal's habitat, diet, whether it is an herbivore, carnivore, scavenger or omnivore, and three things that make it special. The animal also describes its physical appearance without revealing its identity, prompting the reader to guess what animal it is.
Pond Trip
The document outlines seven experiments to be conducted at a pond:
1) Measure the average temperature of the pond by taking readings in four places and calculating the average.
2) Determine the clarity of the water using a tube method where lines are counted.
3) Identify any visible pollution and potential pollution sources near the pond.
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Mozambique
The Republic of Mozambique is located in southeast Africa. It has a tropical climate and borders the Indian Ocean. The capital and largest city is Maputo. The economy relies on agriculture and mining. The population speaks Portuguese and local Bantu languages. Housing is basic and often lacks utilities. The government is a republic led by a president and prime minister. Tourist attractions include national parks and beaches.
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Seussical the Musical, coming in March 2006, features characters from Dr. Seuss books like Horton the Elephant, The Cat in the Hat, and The Sour Kangaroo. It promises to be a fun trip from the Cat in the Hat that isn't like Mother Goose and encourages audiences to think Seuss as the RCS Drama Club presents this musical adaptation of Dr. Seuss stories.
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The document contains questions about microscopes, food chains, and pond ecosystems. It asks about the parts of a microscope, how to prepare slides, and key terms like producers, herbivores, and carnivores. It also inquires about natural disturbances in ponds and where most organisms live within a pond environment.
Cell Review
This document provides information about the parts of animal and plant cells through a game show format. It discusses the following key parts:
- Vacuoles store waste, water and food in both animal and plant cells.
- Mitochondria produce energy in animal cells through respiration.
- The nuclear membrane surrounds and protects the nucleus.
- Golgi bodies package and transport materials within animal cells.
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Cell Cycle
Cell division is the process by which a cell replicates itself to produce two daughter cells. It involves a long interphase period where the cell grows and its DNA is copied, followed by mitosis where the nucleus and its chromosomes are divided into two identical copies through the stages of prophase, metaphase, anaphase and telophase. Cytokinesis then partitions the cytoplasm and organelles to complete the formation of the two new daughter cells.
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- 10. Microscope Timeline 1590 Hans Janssen and his son made one of the first compound microscopes 1660 Robert Hooke improved the microscope by adding an oil lamp 1683 Anton Leeuwenhoek made a simple microscope that could magnify an object 266 times. He was the first to see many one celled organisms 1886 The modern light compound microscope was invented 1981 The STM was invented. It can magnify an object 1,000,000 times