This page examines the reforms made to Germany's currency after the hyperinflation crisis, and also the Dawes and Young Plans regarding World War One reparations.
01. GERMANY - DEPTH STUDY: EMERGING FROM THE DEFEATGeorge Dumitrache
01. GERMANY - DEPTH STUDY: EMERGING FROM THE DEFEAT. At the end of World War I, Germans could hardly recognize their country. Up to 3 million Germans, including 15 percent of its men, had been killed. Germany had been forced to become a republic instead of a monarchy, and its citizens were humiliated by their nation's bitter loss. Germany lost 13% of its land and 12% of its population to the Allies. This land made up 48% of Germany's iron production and a large proportion of its coal productions limiting its economic power. The German Army was limited to 100,000 soldiers, and the navy was limited to 15,000 sailors.
WW II: Part 1 Hitler Aggression vs. British Appeasementbschluep
This presentation summarizes the actions of Europe's leaders throughout the 1930s that lead up to Hitler's demand for possession of Danzig, Poland in 1939.
02. SOVIET CONTROL OF EASTERN EUROPE: Soviet takeover of the regionGeorge Dumitrache
In the aftermath of the Second World War, Eastern Europe, along with Western Europe, with the United States, sees in the USSR, which liberated it from Nazism, its savior. For this reason, the USSR, which enjoys immense prestige with the countries of Eastern Europe, as the United States with the countries of Western Europe, is a model and guide to follow and imitate. But while in the United States the model is capitalism, in the USSR the model is communism. That is why, between 1945 and 1949, the Eastern countries converted to communism: some quickly, others less spontaneously. Yugoslavia and Albania in 1945 are the first two Eastern European countries led by communist governments: the first in the hands of Josip Broz, called Tito, the second between those of Enver Hoxha, two heroic resistants having liberated their country from Nazism without the support of the Soviet Red Army. Bulgaria in 1946, Poland and Romania in 1947, after having been led for several months by provisional governments called National Front governments, bringing together anti-Nazi resistance on all sides, constitute the second wave of nations to pass under the influence Communist governments. Czechoslovakia in 1948 surrendered itself to communism after a show of force known as the “coup de Prague”. On February 25, 1948, in fact, after the resignation of the National Front government of liberal ministers who judge excessive Communist influence, the President of the Republic, Benes, soon resigning, for lack of being communist, is imposed by the Party. Communist Czechoslovak, author of a show of force through the parade of armed labor militias to spread fear, the formation of a communist government under the orders of Prime Minister Klement Gottwald. Hungary in 1949, also insensitive to the sirens of communism the first years, finally be convinced by the tactics of salami. According to Matyas Rakosi, leader of the Hungarian Communist Party, and the inventor of the term, the salami’s tactic is to divide the political opponents “slice by slice” and then cut them out of politics “one by one” until that there is not one left. As a result, the Hungarian Communist Party, after having used threats against its most distant political opponents (liberals), offers its closest political allies (socialists) no choice but to dissolve their political party in order to to join the Communist Party, which became the only legal party at the same time as the only ruler of the country. Germany, finally, in 1949, is the last country of Eastern Europe passed to communism. As a result of the blockade of West Berlin and the division of Germany into two countries, the birth of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) allows the German Communist Party to seize power and entrust its direction to its most High Representative, Wilhelm Pieck. The USSR, on the other hand, is considered by all these popular democracies as the “big brother” to whom we obey and from whom we receive our orders.
This page examines the reforms made to Germany's currency after the hyperinflation crisis, and also the Dawes and Young Plans regarding World War One reparations.
01. GERMANY - DEPTH STUDY: EMERGING FROM THE DEFEATGeorge Dumitrache
01. GERMANY - DEPTH STUDY: EMERGING FROM THE DEFEAT. At the end of World War I, Germans could hardly recognize their country. Up to 3 million Germans, including 15 percent of its men, had been killed. Germany had been forced to become a republic instead of a monarchy, and its citizens were humiliated by their nation's bitter loss. Germany lost 13% of its land and 12% of its population to the Allies. This land made up 48% of Germany's iron production and a large proportion of its coal productions limiting its economic power. The German Army was limited to 100,000 soldiers, and the navy was limited to 15,000 sailors.
WW II: Part 1 Hitler Aggression vs. British Appeasementbschluep
This presentation summarizes the actions of Europe's leaders throughout the 1930s that lead up to Hitler's demand for possession of Danzig, Poland in 1939.
02. SOVIET CONTROL OF EASTERN EUROPE: Soviet takeover of the regionGeorge Dumitrache
In the aftermath of the Second World War, Eastern Europe, along with Western Europe, with the United States, sees in the USSR, which liberated it from Nazism, its savior. For this reason, the USSR, which enjoys immense prestige with the countries of Eastern Europe, as the United States with the countries of Western Europe, is a model and guide to follow and imitate. But while in the United States the model is capitalism, in the USSR the model is communism. That is why, between 1945 and 1949, the Eastern countries converted to communism: some quickly, others less spontaneously. Yugoslavia and Albania in 1945 are the first two Eastern European countries led by communist governments: the first in the hands of Josip Broz, called Tito, the second between those of Enver Hoxha, two heroic resistants having liberated their country from Nazism without the support of the Soviet Red Army. Bulgaria in 1946, Poland and Romania in 1947, after having been led for several months by provisional governments called National Front governments, bringing together anti-Nazi resistance on all sides, constitute the second wave of nations to pass under the influence Communist governments. Czechoslovakia in 1948 surrendered itself to communism after a show of force known as the “coup de Prague”. On February 25, 1948, in fact, after the resignation of the National Front government of liberal ministers who judge excessive Communist influence, the President of the Republic, Benes, soon resigning, for lack of being communist, is imposed by the Party. Communist Czechoslovak, author of a show of force through the parade of armed labor militias to spread fear, the formation of a communist government under the orders of Prime Minister Klement Gottwald. Hungary in 1949, also insensitive to the sirens of communism the first years, finally be convinced by the tactics of salami. According to Matyas Rakosi, leader of the Hungarian Communist Party, and the inventor of the term, the salami’s tactic is to divide the political opponents “slice by slice” and then cut them out of politics “one by one” until that there is not one left. As a result, the Hungarian Communist Party, after having used threats against its most distant political opponents (liberals), offers its closest political allies (socialists) no choice but to dissolve their political party in order to to join the Communist Party, which became the only legal party at the same time as the only ruler of the country. Germany, finally, in 1949, is the last country of Eastern Europe passed to communism. As a result of the blockade of West Berlin and the division of Germany into two countries, the birth of the German Democratic Republic (GDR) allows the German Communist Party to seize power and entrust its direction to its most High Representative, Wilhelm Pieck. The USSR, on the other hand, is considered by all these popular democracies as the “big brother” to whom we obey and from whom we receive our orders.
This is a PowerPoint presentation on the Great Depression which I use to teach the subject to my classes. This will help show you I am quite adept on using the program and conducting research to create visually appealing presentations.
Early civilisations: Mesopotamia. Different aspect of the Mesopotamian civilisation: cuneiform script, ziggurats, Gilgamesh, Assyrian palaces, Babilonia, Hammurabi, religion, society.
NEOLÍTICO Y EDAD DE LOS METALES EN ESPAÑAAlfonso Poza
Se hace un breve recorrido por el Neolítico y la Eda de los Metales en España incluyendo la hipótesis de llegada del neolítico a la Península Ibérica y las culturas de Los Millares, El Argar y las Motillas en las edades del cobre y bronce.
Third period of the Prehistory: Age of Metals. This period is divided into Calcolithic, Bronze and Iron Age. New inventions led to the development of trade such as wheel and sail. An increasing specialisation led to social inequalities.
Unit 8 - Information and Communication Technology (Paper I).pdfThiyagu K
This slides describes the basic concepts of ICT, basics of Email, Emerging Technology and Digital Initiatives in Education. This presentations aligns with the UGC Paper I syllabus.
2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
Normal Labour/ Stages of Labour/ Mechanism of LabourWasim Ak
Normal labor is also termed spontaneous labor, defined as the natural physiological process through which the fetus, placenta, and membranes are expelled from the uterus through the birth canal at term (37 to 42 weeks
Embracing GenAI - A Strategic ImperativePeter Windle
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technologies such as Generative AI, Image Generators and Large Language Models have had a dramatic impact on teaching, learning and assessment over the past 18 months. The most immediate threat AI posed was to Academic Integrity with Higher Education Institutes (HEIs) focusing their efforts on combating the use of GenAI in assessment. Guidelines were developed for staff and students, policies put in place too. Innovative educators have forged paths in the use of Generative AI for teaching, learning and assessments leading to pockets of transformation springing up across HEIs, often with little or no top-down guidance, support or direction.
This Gasta posits a strategic approach to integrating AI into HEIs to prepare staff, students and the curriculum for an evolving world and workplace. We will highlight the advantages of working with these technologies beyond the realm of teaching, learning and assessment by considering prompt engineering skills, industry impact, curriculum changes, and the need for staff upskilling. In contrast, not engaging strategically with Generative AI poses risks, including falling behind peers, missed opportunities and failing to ensure our graduates remain employable. The rapid evolution of AI technologies necessitates a proactive and strategic approach if we are to remain relevant.
Operation “Blue Star” is the only event in the history of Independent India where the state went into war with its own people. Even after about 40 years it is not clear if it was culmination of states anger over people of the region, a political game of power or start of dictatorial chapter in the democratic setup.
The people of Punjab felt alienated from main stream due to denial of their just demands during a long democratic struggle since independence. As it happen all over the word, it led to militant struggle with great loss of lives of military, police and civilian personnel. Killing of Indira Gandhi and massacre of innocent Sikhs in Delhi and other India cities was also associated with this movement.
Acetabularia Information For Class 9 .docxvaibhavrinwa19
Acetabularia acetabulum is a single-celled green alga that in its vegetative state is morphologically differentiated into a basal rhizoid and an axially elongated stalk, which bears whorls of branching hairs. The single diploid nucleus resides in the rhizoid.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
For more information, visit-www.vavaclasses.com
2. THE ROARING TWENTIES
• A NEW WOMAN: the
most familiar symbol is
probably the flapper: a young
woman with bobbed hair and
short skirts who drank,
smoked and said what might be
termed “unladylike” things, in
addition to being more sexually
“free” than previous
generations.
PROHIBITION: The 18th
Amendment to the Constitution
banned the manufacture and sale of
alcohol with more than 0,5%. This
made the liquor trade illegal and
controlled by organized crimes
figures such as Alfonso Capone.
2
3. THE ROARING TWENTIES
BIRTH OF MASS CULTURE: many had
extra money to spend, and they spent it on
consumer goods such as clothes and home
appliances like electric refrigerators. In
particular, they bought radios. The first
commercial radio was in 1920; three years
later there were more than 500 stations. By
1929, there were radios in more than 12
million households. People also went to the
movies:, three-quarters of the American
population visited a movie theater every
week. But the most importan product was
the car. By 1929 there was one car out five
americans.
JAZZ AGE: Cars also gave young
people the freedom to go where
they pleased and do what they
wanted. What many young people
wanted to do was dance. Jazz
bands played at dance halls.
3
4. AGRICULTURAL CRISIS
During World War I European
demand for American crops
increased.
• After the war demand
decreased.
As a result, there was a
overproduction and a decline in
the food prices. Farmers
obtained less incomes.As the American economy
was becoming increasingly
mechanized and
industrialized, there was not
a need for half of the
population to work on farms. 4
5. HERBERT HOOVER WINS
1928 ELECTION
Republican Herbert
Hoover won in the 1928
election
Hoover emphasized years
of prosperity under
previous Republican
administrations
• Hoover won an
overwhelming victory
5
6. THE STOCK MARKET
By 1929, many Americans
invested their savings in the
Stock Market
The Stock Market had
become the symbol of a
prosperous American
economy
The Dow Jones Industrial
Average Index is a measure
based on the price of 30 large
firms
6
7. STOCK PRICES RISE THROUGH
THE 1920s
Through most of the
1920s, stock prices rose
steadily
• The Dow almost doubled
its value in five years
(19224-1929).
By 1929, 4 million
Americans owned stocks.
New York Stock Exchange
7
Dow Jones Index
1926-39
8. SHARES SPECULATION
• SPECULATION: Too many Americans
were engaged in speculation – buying
shares & bonds hoping for a quick
profit.
• MARGIN: Americans were buying “on
margin” – paying a small percentage of a
share’s price and borrowing the rest of
the value.
• DEFAULT:
in case of
default (non-
payment) the
only
guarantee
was the value
of the shares. 8
9. OCTOBER 1929 CRASH
In September the Stock Market
had some unusual up & down
movements.
On October 24, the market
took a plunge . . .the worst was
yet to come
• On October 29, known as Black
Tuesday, the market crash.
16.4 million shares were sold
that day( Stock Market
collapsed and prices went
down).
People who had bought on
margin (credit) were stuck with
huge debts.
9
12. THE GREAT DEPRESSION
The Stock Market crash
signaled the beginning of the
Great Depression
The Great Depression is
generally defined as the
period from 1929 – 1940 in
which the economy declined
and unemployment
skyrocketed
The crash alone did not cause
the Great Depression, but
made things worse.
12
13. FINANCIAL COLLAPSE
After the crash, many
Americans panicked and
withdrew their money from
banks
Banks had invested in the
Stock Market and lost
money.
In 1929, 600 banks fail
By 1933, 11,000 of the
25,000 banks nationwide
had collapsed.
Bankruptcy 1929, Los Angeles
13
14. UNEMPLOYMENT INCREASED
Between 1928-1932, the
U.S. Gross Domestic
Product (GDP), the total
output of goods and
services, fell nearly 50%
from $104 billion to $59
billion
90,000 businesses went
bankrupt
• Unemployment increased
from 3% in 1929 to 25%
in 1933
14
15. CRASH EFFECTS IN THE ECONOMY.
Impact on Europe
• As a consequence of World
War I, European economies
were indebted. They had
borrowed a great deal of
money from American banks
that the banks now wanted
back.
• With U.S. buying less goods,
foreign businesses were less
able to export their products
and were forced to lay off
workers.
• Governments tried to protect
themselves by passing high
tariffs (protectionism), making
foreign goods expensive.
Impact on Business
• The crash crushed
businesses, because banks
couldn’t lend money.
• Consumers also cut their
spending on everything but
essentials, and companies
were forced to lay off
workers when demand
decreased.
• Unemployed workers had
even less money to make
purchases.
• In the year after the crash,
American wages dropped by
$4 billion and nearly 3
million people lost their jobs.
15
16. HAWLEY-
SMOOT TARIFF
The U.S. was not the only
country affected by the
Great Depression.
In 1930, Congress passed
the toughest tariff in U.S.
history called the Hawley-
Smoot Tariff.
It was meant to protect U.S.
industry but had the
opposite effect.
Other countries approved
their own tariffs and soon
world trade fell 40%
16
17. HOOVER STRUGGLES WITH THE
DEPRESSION
After the stock market
crash, President Hoover
tried to reassure Americans
He said, “Any lack of
confidence in the economic
future . . . Is foolish”
He recommended business
as usual.
Hoover was not quick to
react to the depression
"It is not the function of the government to relieve
individuals of their responsibilities to their
neighbours, or to relieve private institutions of their
responsibilities to the public."
17
"Prosperity is just around the
corner“, Herbert Hoover, 1932.
18. The Great
Depression brought
homelessness and
hunger to millions.
Across the country,
people lost their
jobs, and their
homes
Some built
makeshifts shacks
out of scrap
material
These shantytowns
were called
Hoovervilles in
reference to the
president of USA.
18
Seattle
New York
19. SOUP KITCHENS
One of the common
features of urban areas
during the era were
soup kitchens and
bread lines
Soup kitchens and
bread lines offered free
or low-cost food for
people
19
20. RURAL LIFE DURING
THE DEPRESSION
While the Depression
was difficult for
everyone, farmers did
have one advantage;
they could grow food for
their families
Thousands of farmers,
however, lost their land.
Many turned to tenant
farming because of their
debts with the banks.Between 1929-1932 almost half million
farmers lost their land 20
21. THE DUST BOWL
A severe drought
affected the Great
Plains in the early
1930s
Wind scattered the
topsoil. The resulting
dust traveled hundreds
of miles.
One storm in 1934
picked up millions of
tons of dust from the
Plains an carried it to
the East Coast
Kansas Farmer,
1933
21
24. Dust buried cars and wagons in South Dakota
in 1936
24
Boy covers his mouth
to avoid dust, 1935
25. • Many farmers migrated
to California and other
Pacific Coast states,
mostly to California. 25
Kansas, Oklahoma,
Texas, New Mexico, and
Colorado were the
hardest hit regions
during the Dust Bowl
27. FRANKLIN D. ROOSEVELT- 1932
Franklin grew up in a wealthy and
influential New York family. He
was tutored at home and traveled
the world with his family during his
childhood. He graduated from
Harvard in 1904. Roosevelt became
active in politics in 1910 when he
was elected to the New York State
Senate and, later, the Assistant
Secretary of the Navy. However, his
career stopped for a while in 1921
when he became sick with polio.
Although he survived, he nearly
lost the use of his legs. For the rest
of his life he could only walk a few
short steps by himself.
27
28. FRANKLIN ROOSEVELT HUNDREDFRANKLIN ROOSEVELT HUNDRED
DAYS.DAYS.
Took office in March 1933
Said that economic recovery was possible
Promised that the government would help
A New President
• Roosevelt called special session of Congress that became
known as the Hundred DaysHundred Days.
• President and Congress worked togetherPresident and Congress worked together to create new
programs to battle the Depression and aid economic
recovery.
• These programs became known as the New DealNew Deal.
The Hundred Days
28
29. Banking CrisisBanking Crisis
• Temporarily closed all theTemporarily closed all the
nation’s banksnation’s banks to stop panic
and large-scale withdrawals: 4
days Bank Holidays. After
these 4 days , banks were
reorganized and closed those
who were insolvent.
• Passed the EmergencyEmergency
Banking Act:Banking Act: within two
weeks, americans redeposited
half of the money that had left
banks months before.
Government created a de facto
100% deposit insurance.
• Glass-Steagall Act createdGlass-Steagall Act created
the FDIC:the FDIC: limited commercial
banks activities. Separated
commercial and investment
banks activities.
Hundred DaysHundred Days
• Critical period ofCritical period of
government activitygovernment activity
• Roosevelt pushedRoosevelt pushed
Congress to put most ofCongress to put most of
his New Deal intohis New Deal into
practice.practice.
• The New Deal promisedThe New Deal promised
relief, recovery andrelief, recovery and
reformsreforms..
29
End Prohibition. Alcohol was legal again …. And consumers
paid taxes.
30. Restoring ConfidenceRestoring Confidence
Roosevelt worked to restore confidence in Americanrestore confidence in American
banks.banks.
– Ordered all banks to temporarily close
– Emergency Banking Relief ActEmergency Banking Relief Act was quickly passed .
– Government inspected financesGovernment inspected finances of a bank before it was
allowed to reopen.
Plan was announced in Roosevelt’s first fireside chatRoosevelt’s first fireside chat.
– Radio addressRadio address in which he spoke directly to the
American people
– Gave many chats over the course of his administration
30
31. New Deal ProgramsNew Deal Programs
Civil Works AdministrationCivil Works Administration– employed 4 million Americans on building
hospitals, schools, highways, bridges, parks, etc. Also gave work to artists,
writers, theater directors and musicians
Social Security ActSocial Security Act, which guaranteed pensions to million of Americans, set up
a system of unemployment insurance and the federal government would help
care for dependent children and the disabled
Tennessee Valley AuthorityTennessee Valley Authority– hired people to build dams and generators,
controlled flooding and bring cheap electricity and jobs to Tennessee River
Valley
Farm Credit AdministrationFarm Credit Administration– helped farmers refinance mortgages so they could
keep their farms
Agricultural Adjustment ActAgricultural Adjustment Act– stabilized agricultural prices- Helped farmers by
paying them not to grow crops and leave their fields fallow in order to end
surpleses and boost prices.
National Industrial Recovery ActNational Industrial Recovery Act– passed with support from Frances Perkins,
the nation’s first female Cabinet member, give the workers the right to unionize
and collective bargaining (higher wages and better work conditions).
31
32. Reformation: A New Deal.
32
Roosevelt used to say "try something, if
it doesn't work try something else." He
and his brain trust recognized, at least,
that they must try to do something.
These attempts at least gave Americans
the hope that something was being done.
Roosevelt's basic philosophy of
Keynesian economics manifested itself in
what became known as the three "R's"
of relief, recovery and reform.
The programs created to meet these
goals generated jobs and more
importantly, hope.
33. New Deal Labor ProgramsNew Deal Labor Programs
National Industrial Recovery ActNational Industrial Recovery Act passed in 1933.
– Required minimum wageminimum wage and allowed collective bargaining
– Declared unconstitutionalunconstitutional by Supreme Court in 1935
National Labor Relations Act, or the Wagner ActWagner Act
– Allowed workers to join labor unionsAllowed workers to join labor unions
– Established the National Labor Relations BoardNational Labor Relations Board to oversee union
activities
Congress of Industrial OrganizationsCongress of Industrial Organizations
– Organized workers into unions based on industryindustry, not skill level
– Allowed African Americans, Hispanics, women, and immigrantsAfrican Americans, Hispanics, women, and immigrants
as members
– Led a sit-down strikesit-down strike against General Motors in which they
stayed in the factories so that they could not be replaced by new
workers
33
35. Roosevelt was reelected in 1936 by a huge margin.
Supreme Court issued a series of rulings declaring
several New Deal programs unconstitutional.
Roosevelt responded by proposing a plan for
reorganizing federal judiciary.
– Drew harsh criticism from Congress and public
– Critics charged that Roosevelt was trying to change the balance
of power defined in the U.S. Constitution.
– Congress rejected the bill.
The Supreme Court did not overturn any more New Deal
legislation.
35
37. 37
Great Britain trade fell by
half (1929-1933), industry
production fell by a third.
At the depht of the
depression there were 3.5
million unemployed and
many more had only part-
time employment.
GREAT BRITAIN.
Around 200 men marched
from Jarrow to London
over 26 days, carrying a
petition to the British
government requesting the
re-establishment of
industry in the town
following the closure in
1934 of its main
employer, Palmer's
shipyard
38. − Australia's extreme dependence on
agricultural and industrial exports
meant it was one of the hardest-hit
countries in the Western world.
− Unemployment reached a record
high of almost 32% in 1932.
− After 1932, an increase in wool and
meat prices led to a gradual
recovery
38
AUSTRALIA.
People were forced into all sorts of tricks and expediencies to survive, all
sorts of shabby and humiliating compromises. In thousands of homes
fathers deserted the family and became itinerant workers, or perhaps took
to drink. Grown sons sat in the kitchen day after day, playing cards,
studying the horses (betting on horse racing) and trying to scrounge
enough for a three penny bet, or engaged in petty crime, mothers cohabited
with male boarders who were in work and who might support the family,
daughters attempted some amateur prostitution and children were in
trouble with the police.
39. • Harshly impacted by both the
global economic crisis and the
Dust Bowl.
• Canadian industrial production
had fallen to only 58% of the
1929 level by 1932, the second
lowest level in the world after
the United States
• Total national income fell to
55% of the 1929 level, again
worse than any nation apart
from the United States.
39
CANADÁ.
Ontario, Canada
Farms in the west such as this one
were devastated not only by erosion
but also by droughts and plagues of
insects (Saskatchewan).
40. ASIA
• The Great Depression in East Asia
was of minor impact. Asian trade
was dominated by european colonial
powers.
• The Japanese economy shrank by
8% 1929–31
• The invasion of Manchuria in
September 1931 provided Japan
with raw materials and energy.
• The Japanese economy was able to
recover by 1932 and continued to
grow. 40
41. FRANCE
The Depression began to affect
France from about 1931
France's relatively high degree of
self-sufficiency meant the
damage was considerably less
than in nations like Germany.
Though, unemployment was high
enough to lead to rioting and the
rise of the socialist Popular
Front.
41
Leon Blum, 1936, first socialist to
take office.
42. GERMANY.
Germany's Weimar Republic was
hit hard by the depression, as
American loans to help rebuild the
German economy stopped.
Unemployment soared, especially
in larger cities, and the political
system was even more influenced
by extremism (communists and
nazis).
Hitler's Nazi Party came to power
in January 1933.
42
43. World War II:
− US factories flooded with orders
of weapons and ammunition.
− Unemployment decreases and
production increase
− Depression ends completely by
the time the USA entered the
war in 1941
END TO ECONOMIC DEPRESSION
43