The document provides tips for creating a customer-centric content strategy that is resilient to algorithm changes. It recommends focusing on creating useful content for users rather than search engines. Key points include inventorying existing content and identifying opportunities, thinking about the user experience, and producing content that is valuable, shareable, and brings value to the world. The overall strategy is to act like search engines don't exist and prioritize the user experience above all.
Doc agent relyco paperless tax webinar 3 6-13Michael Johnson
This document discusses the benefits of distributing W-2s, 1099s, and paystubs electronically rather than using paper. It notes that the average cost per paper document is $1.90 and the average number of times a document is touched before reaching an employee is 9. Transitioning to electronic distribution reduces costs, saves time, and provides employees with convenient online access. The document presents a case study of a company that saved $4,500 per month by switching from ADP to DocAgent for electronic payroll document distribution for its 32,000 employees across 439 locations. It demonstrates DocAgent's online paystub and W-2 features and provides best practices for organizations adopting electronic distribution.
The document provides tips for creating a customer-centric content strategy that is resilient to algorithm changes. It recommends focusing on creating useful content for users rather than search engines. Key points include inventorying existing content and identifying opportunities, thinking about the user experience, and producing content that is valuable, shareable, and brings value to the world. The overall strategy is to act like search engines don't exist and prioritize the user experience above all.
Doc agent relyco paperless tax webinar 3 6-13Michael Johnson
This document discusses the benefits of distributing W-2s, 1099s, and paystubs electronically rather than using paper. It notes that the average cost per paper document is $1.90 and the average number of times a document is touched before reaching an employee is 9. Transitioning to electronic distribution reduces costs, saves time, and provides employees with convenient online access. The document presents a case study of a company that saved $4,500 per month by switching from ADP to DocAgent for electronic payroll document distribution for its 32,000 employees across 439 locations. It demonstrates DocAgent's online paystub and W-2 features and provides best practices for organizations adopting electronic distribution.
Il Modulo che ti proponiamo oggi intende fornire delle linee guida riguardanti la "Gestione della relazione con il cliente". Una relazione solida ed efficace con il cliente rappresenta, infatti, l’asse portante dell’attività di uno studio professionale di successo e la questione della relazione con il cliente necessita di essere posta tra le massime priorità. La tendenza ad una sempre più rigorosa regolamentazione del mercato, inoltre, rende sempre più importante conoscere a fondo la propria clientela di riferimento.
Il Modulo che ti proponiamo oggi intende approfondire le "Tecnologie e l'e-business" come strumento essenziale per coordinare e gestire al meglio le attività dello studio professionale in un contesto di mercato caratterizzato da un continuo cambiamento e dalla necessità sempre più pressante di fornire sistemi di rendicontazione e di reporting.
This document promotes a new business opportunity called SWA Ultimate: Perfect Pay Plan System. It claims the system combines two popular compensation plans to allow users to earn quick and residual income. Users purchase access to a large online library of wealth-building resources for a one-time fee. They are also entered into a marketing system with their own website to share. The system aims to help users attain financial freedom and independence by learning from the library resources and earning income as more people join their referral networks.
Gypsies, also known as Romani, are an ethnic group that originated in northern India and migrated westward over centuries. They have faced widespread persecution and genocide, including by Nazis during the Holocaust. Gypsies traditionally pursued nomadic livelihoods but many have also settled in the United States. They are renowned for their musical contributions and fortune telling skills. Religion, language, clothing, and cuisine vary among Gypsy communities based on their countries of origin but also share common elements of their unique culture.
This document discusses opportunities for municipalities and water districts to generate additional revenue and reduce costs through solar energy projects. It outlines several programs and financing options available, including power purchase agreements (PPAs) where the solar company owns and maintains the solar system and sells power to the municipality at a discounted rate, site leases where the solar company leases space and pays the property owner annual rent, and Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) programs that allow entities to finance clean energy projects through property taxes over 20 years. The document promotes a solar company that works with customers to analyze energy usage and costs and provide customized solar solutions tailored to their needs and properties.
Christo Kutrovsky - Maximize Data Warehouse Performance with Parallel QueriesChristo Kutrovsky
Oracle Data Warehouses are typically deployed on servers with very large number of cores, and increasingly on RAC. Making efficient use of all available cores when processing data warehouse workloads is therefore critical in achieving maximal performance. To make efficient use of all cores in a data warehouse system, skilled use of parallel queries is key.
This document discusses the benefits of a learning management system (LMS) for overcoming challenges like maintaining compliance, reducing costs, and increasing revenue. It provides examples of how an LMS can help organizations enhance knowledge across teams, reduce risks, and capitalize on learning content. The document promotes the LearnFlex LMS for providing a streamlined, user-friendly solution to improve organizational results through more efficient training delivery.
Streamlining the Payroll Process document discusses how going paperless can save time and money for businesses and employees. It recommends using payroll cards and online paystubs as part of a 3 step process to streamline payroll. Payroll cards allow employees to access their pay anywhere and provide various financial tools. They save employers costs from issuing and distributing paper checks while providing a positive experience for employees. The document outlines the benefits and provides examples of how payroll cards have helped businesses and school districts save significant time and money in their payroll processes.
Integral_Boekhouding en beheer programma'sT.I.P.Group
Integral zal uw bevoorrechte partner worden in het beheer van uw activiteit en
uw boekhouding. Haar brede functioneel dekking zal u toelaten het geheel van uw boekingen te beheersen en over een sterk en effi ciënt beheerwerktuig te beschikken.
Onze Integral oplossing is multi-wetgeving (Luxemburg, Belg, Frans, Tsjechisch,
VS en Hollands), multi vennootschappen, multi-boekjaren, multi-gebruikers en kan gelijktijdig een groot volume van gegevens verwerken.
Zijn moderne programma architectuur verleent hem een stabiliteit, een snelheid in de verwerking en een optimaal ergonomie.
The document discusses three waves of innovation:
1) The Industrial Revolution which increased productivity through mechanization.
2) The Internet Revolution which further increased productivity through computing and communication technologies.
3) The emerging Third Wave called the Industrial Internet, which connects intelligent machines via sensors and analytics, combining the advances of the prior two revolutions. This convergence holds potential for significant productivity gains across industries through improved efficiency.
This document summarizes a research project analyzing health news coverage in Portuguese newspapers from 2008-2010. The analysis found that coverage focused on political themes, risks/alarms, and cancer. Sources were predominantly male officials and researchers. Coverage lacked identification of place and information. While cancer research was highlighted positively, there were errors, ambiguous titles, and incomplete identification of sources. Overall, the analysis revealed gaps in coverage of women, patients, and ordinary citizens' perspectives.
"Social Innovation for Employment" information session Nahdet El Mahrousa
What the Nahdet El Mahrousa Incubator is, and what it offers ?
How to get your start up incubated and receive seed funding
What start ups qualify to apply ?
What the criteria for awardee selection is ?
What we mean by "Social innovation for Employment" ?
FOR EVERY STARTUP THAT IS BORN,
AT LEAST 5 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED!
Nahdet el Mahrousa (NM) and Barclays bank present to you “Social Innovation for Employment”
Have an idea for an enterprise that would work towards fixing an existing social problem in Egypt and would create job opportunities?
We are looking for passionate Egyptian change agents who have an innovative approach to job creation!
All you need is a viable idea and a team! Awardees will receive incubation and seed funding!
At least 5 social enterprises will receive seed funding and technical support to help maximise their success.
Apply now on www.nahdetelmahrousa.org/apply
Deadline January 6th, 2014
مع كل فكره مشروع جديد خمسة بيلاقوا شغل
جمعية نهضة المحروسة برعاية بنك باركليز تقدم مسابقة جديدة لتوظيف شباب مصر
لو عندك فكرة مشروع يحل مشكلة في المجتمع و كمان بساهم في خلق فرص عمل للشباب في مصر، قدم علي المرحلة الجديدة من حضانة نهضة المحروسة للمشاريع المجتمعية المبتكرة بالتعاون مع بنك باركليزمصر. هندعم على الاقل خمس مشاريع مجتمعية . المشاريع اللي هيتم اختيارها هتحصل علي دعم مالي وفنى اللازمين لإنجاح المشروع
قدم في مسابقة "الريادة المجتمعية من أجل التوظيف" واحصل على دعم فني ومادي
www.nahdetelmahrousa.org/apply
اخر معاد للتقديم ٦ يناير
اخر معاد للتقديم ٦ يناير ٢٠١٤
Il Modulo che ti proponiamo oggi intende fornire delle linee guida riguardanti la "Gestione della relazione con il cliente". Una relazione solida ed efficace con il cliente rappresenta, infatti, l’asse portante dell’attività di uno studio professionale di successo e la questione della relazione con il cliente necessita di essere posta tra le massime priorità. La tendenza ad una sempre più rigorosa regolamentazione del mercato, inoltre, rende sempre più importante conoscere a fondo la propria clientela di riferimento.
Il Modulo che ti proponiamo oggi intende approfondire le "Tecnologie e l'e-business" come strumento essenziale per coordinare e gestire al meglio le attività dello studio professionale in un contesto di mercato caratterizzato da un continuo cambiamento e dalla necessità sempre più pressante di fornire sistemi di rendicontazione e di reporting.
This document promotes a new business opportunity called SWA Ultimate: Perfect Pay Plan System. It claims the system combines two popular compensation plans to allow users to earn quick and residual income. Users purchase access to a large online library of wealth-building resources for a one-time fee. They are also entered into a marketing system with their own website to share. The system aims to help users attain financial freedom and independence by learning from the library resources and earning income as more people join their referral networks.
Gypsies, also known as Romani, are an ethnic group that originated in northern India and migrated westward over centuries. They have faced widespread persecution and genocide, including by Nazis during the Holocaust. Gypsies traditionally pursued nomadic livelihoods but many have also settled in the United States. They are renowned for their musical contributions and fortune telling skills. Religion, language, clothing, and cuisine vary among Gypsy communities based on their countries of origin but also share common elements of their unique culture.
This document discusses opportunities for municipalities and water districts to generate additional revenue and reduce costs through solar energy projects. It outlines several programs and financing options available, including power purchase agreements (PPAs) where the solar company owns and maintains the solar system and sells power to the municipality at a discounted rate, site leases where the solar company leases space and pays the property owner annual rent, and Property Assessed Clean Energy (PACE) programs that allow entities to finance clean energy projects through property taxes over 20 years. The document promotes a solar company that works with customers to analyze energy usage and costs and provide customized solar solutions tailored to their needs and properties.
Christo Kutrovsky - Maximize Data Warehouse Performance with Parallel QueriesChristo Kutrovsky
Oracle Data Warehouses are typically deployed on servers with very large number of cores, and increasingly on RAC. Making efficient use of all available cores when processing data warehouse workloads is therefore critical in achieving maximal performance. To make efficient use of all cores in a data warehouse system, skilled use of parallel queries is key.
This document discusses the benefits of a learning management system (LMS) for overcoming challenges like maintaining compliance, reducing costs, and increasing revenue. It provides examples of how an LMS can help organizations enhance knowledge across teams, reduce risks, and capitalize on learning content. The document promotes the LearnFlex LMS for providing a streamlined, user-friendly solution to improve organizational results through more efficient training delivery.
Streamlining the Payroll Process document discusses how going paperless can save time and money for businesses and employees. It recommends using payroll cards and online paystubs as part of a 3 step process to streamline payroll. Payroll cards allow employees to access their pay anywhere and provide various financial tools. They save employers costs from issuing and distributing paper checks while providing a positive experience for employees. The document outlines the benefits and provides examples of how payroll cards have helped businesses and school districts save significant time and money in their payroll processes.
Integral_Boekhouding en beheer programma'sT.I.P.Group
Integral zal uw bevoorrechte partner worden in het beheer van uw activiteit en
uw boekhouding. Haar brede functioneel dekking zal u toelaten het geheel van uw boekingen te beheersen en over een sterk en effi ciënt beheerwerktuig te beschikken.
Onze Integral oplossing is multi-wetgeving (Luxemburg, Belg, Frans, Tsjechisch,
VS en Hollands), multi vennootschappen, multi-boekjaren, multi-gebruikers en kan gelijktijdig een groot volume van gegevens verwerken.
Zijn moderne programma architectuur verleent hem een stabiliteit, een snelheid in de verwerking en een optimaal ergonomie.
The document discusses three waves of innovation:
1) The Industrial Revolution which increased productivity through mechanization.
2) The Internet Revolution which further increased productivity through computing and communication technologies.
3) The emerging Third Wave called the Industrial Internet, which connects intelligent machines via sensors and analytics, combining the advances of the prior two revolutions. This convergence holds potential for significant productivity gains across industries through improved efficiency.
This document summarizes a research project analyzing health news coverage in Portuguese newspapers from 2008-2010. The analysis found that coverage focused on political themes, risks/alarms, and cancer. Sources were predominantly male officials and researchers. Coverage lacked identification of place and information. While cancer research was highlighted positively, there were errors, ambiguous titles, and incomplete identification of sources. Overall, the analysis revealed gaps in coverage of women, patients, and ordinary citizens' perspectives.
"Social Innovation for Employment" information session Nahdet El Mahrousa
What the Nahdet El Mahrousa Incubator is, and what it offers ?
How to get your start up incubated and receive seed funding
What start ups qualify to apply ?
What the criteria for awardee selection is ?
What we mean by "Social innovation for Employment" ?
FOR EVERY STARTUP THAT IS BORN,
AT LEAST 5 PEOPLE ARE EMPLOYED!
Nahdet el Mahrousa (NM) and Barclays bank present to you “Social Innovation for Employment”
Have an idea for an enterprise that would work towards fixing an existing social problem in Egypt and would create job opportunities?
We are looking for passionate Egyptian change agents who have an innovative approach to job creation!
All you need is a viable idea and a team! Awardees will receive incubation and seed funding!
At least 5 social enterprises will receive seed funding and technical support to help maximise their success.
Apply now on www.nahdetelmahrousa.org/apply
Deadline January 6th, 2014
مع كل فكره مشروع جديد خمسة بيلاقوا شغل
جمعية نهضة المحروسة برعاية بنك باركليز تقدم مسابقة جديدة لتوظيف شباب مصر
لو عندك فكرة مشروع يحل مشكلة في المجتمع و كمان بساهم في خلق فرص عمل للشباب في مصر، قدم علي المرحلة الجديدة من حضانة نهضة المحروسة للمشاريع المجتمعية المبتكرة بالتعاون مع بنك باركليزمصر. هندعم على الاقل خمس مشاريع مجتمعية . المشاريع اللي هيتم اختيارها هتحصل علي دعم مالي وفنى اللازمين لإنجاح المشروع
قدم في مسابقة "الريادة المجتمعية من أجل التوظيف" واحصل على دعم فني ومادي
www.nahdetelmahrousa.org/apply
اخر معاد للتقديم ٦ يناير
اخر معاد للتقديم ٦ يناير ٢٠١٤
Active Learning Patterns for Teachers (PURPLSOC2017)Takashi Iba
Slide Designed by Takashi Iba with Yoshihiro Utsunomiya.
Presented by Takashi Iba, Yoshihiro Utsunomiya, & Konomi Munakata.
Takashi Iba, Yoshihiro Utsunomiya, “Active Learning Patterns for Teachers”, in the Second World Conference PURPLSOC2017 (Pursuit of Pattern Languages for Societal Change), at Danube University in Krems, Austria, 2017.
This document discusses a study examining the interaction between class size, formative feedback, and student achievement. The study found that smaller class sizes allowed teachers to provide more frequent formative feedback to students. It also found that for students who received frequent formative feedback, lower achieving students in 4th grade showed greater improvement in achievement by 6th grade compared to lower achieving students who received less frequent feedback. The results suggest that smaller class sizes enabling more formative feedback can help improve achievement growth for lower performing students over time.
13. 学級規模と学習の様子
教師の関わり[Folmer-Annevelink et al., 2010]
Class Size Effects on The Number and Types Of Student-Teacher Interactions in Primary Classrooms
TABLE 2
Effect sizes for the difference between a class of 24 and a class of 15 students on the number of student-teacher interactions
Type of interaction
Interactions related to instruction Interactions related to classroom
TABLE 3
Significant differences in the number of interactions according to student characteristics (α < .05)
Interactions related to instruction Interactions related to
classroom management
Kindergarten -0.70*
-0.21
Grade 1 -1.04*
-0.43*
*
Significant at α < .05
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 13 / 36
14. 学級規模と学習の様子
教師の関わり[Folmer-Annevelink et al., 2010]
Journal of Classroom Interaction Vol. 45.2 2010 35
The results will be organized according to the two re-
search questions that guide the present study.
1. Do students in smaller classes differ from students
in larger classes with respect to the amount and type of
interactions they have with their teachers?
and type of interactions they have with their teacher(s),
and are these differences dependent upon class size?
Interactions related to instruction Interactions related to classroom
management
Kindergarten
Average ability 0.31 0.11
High ability 0.24 -0.14
Disruptive behavior 0.52 -0.57
Withdrawn behavior 0.25 0.09
Grade 1
Average ability 0.20 0.01
High ability 0.21 -0.07
Disruptive behavior 0.09 0.31
Withdrawn behavior 0.22 0.25
Note: none of the effects are significant at α < .05
TABLE 4
Effect sizes for the difference between a class of 24 and a class of 15 students on the interaction between student charac-
teristics and class size, focusing on student-teacher interactions (students of low ability are the reference category)
2
Full tables can be obtained by the first author.
3
The following formula was used to calculate the effect size: (class size 24-
15) * (regression coefficient of class size /√ variance between students),
somewhat differently stated: (9 * B)/σ.
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 14 / 36
18. 学級規模と学習の様子
学習・指導形態 [Galton and Pell, 2012]
devise their own strategies for finding solutions (in contrast to corrective feedback where answers were marked right or
wrong and the correct solution demonstrated) was highly correlated with attainment. These teachers might therefore be
describes as individual and pair sustained enquirers.
Type 2 teachers favour the use of group work. They have the lowest level of questioning overall but the highest percentage
of task direction statements, presumably to do with setting up the groups. They spend most time either listening to pupils
report or explain or else monitoring the pupils’ activity. They might be described group task monitors. Both Type 3 and Type 4
teachers favour whole class teaching. Whereas Type 4 teachers are distinguished by high levels of questioning across all five
categories, Type 3 teachers have high levels of statement of fact and of correcting feedback. When listening to pupils it is
mostly to hear them read rather than silently monitoring pupils while they work. We might thus describe Type 3 teachers as
class instructors while Type 4 practitioners might more aptly be named class questioners.
In Table 3 the proportions of these teacher types in small and normal classes are examined. The analysis is shown
separately for the 3 year groups given the possibility that as pupils advance through primary school the teaching
approach changes. In general, there tends to be a mix of teaching approaches in the small classes, particularly in the P1
year. In normal classes, however, one type tends to dominate in the different year groups. Thus 60% of teachers in P1
normal classes are whole class instructors while in P2 nearly half (46%) are whole class questioners and 54% of P3 normal
classes use a mixture of individual and pair work to promote sustained enquiry. These findings suggest that when
Table 3
% of teaching types in small and normal classes in P1–P3 years.
Teacher types P1 classes P2 classes P3 classes
Small Normal Small Normal Small Normal
Individual sustained enquirers 31 21 41 15 17 54
Group task monitors 21 6 14 15 31 5
Whole class instructors 23 60 23 23 34 28
Whole class questioners 25 13 23 46 17 5
Number of teachers 181 48 44 13 70 39
M. Galton, T. Pell / International Journal of Educational Research 53 (2012) 22–31 27
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 18 / 36
19. 学級規模と学習の様子
学習・指導形態 [Galton and Pell, 2012]
switch to individual and pair work with an emphasis on challenging questions rather than factual statements. English shows
some change although individual enquirers and class instructors appear to remain the dominant teaching approach. Both
Tables 3 and 4 suggest a willingness among practitioners to experiment in the use of different teaching methods when faced
with a smaller class. Further analysis shows a shift away from group task montoring towards more challenging individual and
pair work among teachers with the greatest experience of small class teaching during the three years in which observations
were made.
3.2. Pupil behaviour in small classes
A similar analysis can be carried out with the pupil observations. Again four substantial clusters emerged. Because of
the large number of categories only those discriminating between the clusters which help to identify the pupil types are
shown in Table 5. As before, mean scores for each type were tested against the pooled mean for the other three using the
Table 4
% of teaching types in the three core subjects.
Teacher types Chinese English Mathematics
Small Normal Small Normal Small Normal
Individual sustained enquirers 20 28 29 42 37 24
Group task monitors 27 10 12 0 25 11
Whole class instructors 26 48 35 40 18 40
Whole class questioners 27 14 24 18 20 25
Number of teachers 94 29 101 38 96 37
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 19 / 36
20. 学級規模と学習の様子
学習・指導形態 [Galton and Pell, 2012]
These are the groups with the highest levels of off task behaviour. In both cases the level of significance reaches 1% and result
in medium effect sizes.
It is also possible to examine the relationship between teaching and pupil types and this is shown in Table 7. Only the
profile of the whole class instructors differs from the overall distribution giving rise to a small effect size at the1% significance
level. The fact that these class instructors have a higher proportion of pupils ‘on task’ may, however, be no guarantee that it
necessarily results in increased understanding, since when the teacher is addressing the class and these pupils are listening
there may some who are uncomprehending. The fact that, overall, pupil classification appears independent of teaching
Table 6
% Pupil types broken down by class size and year group.
Solitary workers Intermittent workers Active collaborators Attention grabbers N
Class
Small 43.2 21.2 25.2**
10.4 1177
Normal 45.4 25.8 18.0 10.8 399
Year
P1 44.0 24.6 20.2 11.2 913
P2 41.9 20.7 23.3 14.1 227
P3 44.3 18.6 30.0**
7.1*
436
*
p < 0.05% (small effect size).
**
p < 0.01% (small effect size).
approach (at least in terms of this typology) suggests that the different pattern of behaviour exhibited by certain pupils may
partly be a function of their personality. It might, for example be that the attention grabbers consist mainly of pupils who are
shy, anxious introverts who need to seek constant reassurance.
Table 7
Variation of % of pupil profiles by teacher types.
Pupil type Teacher type N
Individual enquirers Group monitors Class instructors Class questioners
Solitary workers 36 42 53**
42 687
Intermittent workers 25 19 21 22 352
Active collaborators 26 32 17 23 368
Attention grabbers 13 17 9 12 165
Total percentage 100 100 100 100
N 528 240 498 306 1572
**
p < 0.01 (small size effect).
M. Galton, T. Pell / International Journal of Educational Research 53 (2012) 22–3130
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 20 / 36
24. 学級規模と学習の様子
学級の質 [Graue et al., 2009]
FIG. 1.—CLASS domains, dimensions, and behavioral markers
184 THE ELEMENTARY SCHOOL JOURNAL
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 24 / 36
25. 学級規模と学習の様子
学級の質 [Graue et al., 2009]
結果 (Table 2)
SAGE の小規模学級群と CLASS の「反応のよい学級」との
特徴が似ている。
SAGE の小規模学級群の方が CLASS の「反応のよい学級」
より好ましい側面も見られる。
Positive/negative climate(学級風土),Behavior
management(児童の行動を予見しながらの生活指導等),
Quality of feedback(児童に考え方の手掛かりを与えること等)
「学級規模縮小の潜在的な力は様々なアプローチを通して引
き出される」
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 25 / 36
26. 学級規模と学習の様子
学級の質 [Graue et al., 2009]
TABLE 2. Mean Class/Domain Scores for Sample SAGE Schools and CLASS Empirical Sample
a
SAGE Sample
(n ϭ 27)
CLASS K
(n ϭ 730)
CLASS 1–5
(Responsive
Classroom;
n ϭ 88)
CLASS Grade
3 (n ϭ 82)
Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD Mean SD
CLASS dimension:
b
Positive climate 5.49 1.2 5.14 NR 4.91 .93 4.44 1.17
Negative climate 1.48 .56 1.55 .65 1.35 .65 2.22 1.16
Teacher sensitivity 5.03 1.34 4.64 .86 4.74 1.01 4.60 1.10
Regard for student
perspectives 4.67 1.22 NR NR 4.28 1.08
Behavior management 5.36 1.17 5.18 .79 5.14 .95 4.98 1.29
Productivity 5.65 1.09 4.67 .73 4.98 1.00 4.69 1.14
Instructional learning
formats 4.95 1.12 4.11 .84 4.23 .73 4.21 1.22
Concept development 4.35 1.13 2.11 .74 3.82 1.01 3.84 1.32
Quality of feedback 4.35 1.12 1.84 .64 4.77 1.03 3.54 1.31
Language modeling 4.32 1.04 NR
c
NR
CLASS domain:
Emotional support 5.43 5.41
d
5.92 4.78
Classroom organization 5.32 4.65 5.06 4.63
Instructional support 4.34 1.98 3.26 3.69
Average CLASS score 5.10 4.27 4.74 4.50
a
As reported in the technical appendix of the CLASS manual, Table A.1 (Pianta et al., 2008, p. 97).
b
Maximum score in each category ϭ 7, minimum score ϭ 1, in all categories, except “Negative climate,”
where a high rating would be undesirable.
c
NR ϭ not rated.
d
Domain and averages calculated from dimension results.
SYNERGY OF CLASS SIZE REDUCTION 185
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 26 / 36
32. 引用文献
引用文献 I
[Blatchford et al., 2001] Blatchford, P., Baines, E., Kutnick, P.,
and Martin, C. (2001).
Classroom contexts: Connections between class size and
within class grouping.
British Journal of Educational Psychology, 71:283–302.
[Bosworth, 2014] Bosworth, R. (2014).
Class size, class composition, and the distribution of student
achievement.
Education Economics, 22(2):141–165.
[Dee and West, 2011] Dee, T. S. and West, M. R. (2011).
The non-cognitive returns to class size.
Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 33(1):23–46.
慶應義塾大学教育学特殊 XIV 第 5 講 2015 年 5 月 20 日 32 / 36
33. 引用文献
引用文献 II
[Folmer-Annevelink et al., 2010] Folmer-Annevelink, E.,
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