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1407 fungi animalia combo blank f2018
- 2. Learning objectives 1. Describe the characteristics common to all fungi 2. Understand why fungi are not classified as multicellular heterotrophs. 3. Explain the role of fungi as decomposers. 4. Identify symbiotic relationships that exist between fungi and other organisms.
- 5. Fungi DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdom Fungi DOMAIN EUKARYA DOMAIN BACTERIA DOMAIN ARCHAEA Protista Plants Animals Prokaryotes Figure 20.5 Contd.
- 6. Table 20.1 Phylum Examples Number of Existing Species Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Parasite of frog skin Black bread mold Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Morels, truffles Mushrooms, puffballs 1000 1000 More than 50,000 30,000 200 TABLE 20.1 Phyla of Fungi
- 14. Chytrid fungi
- 16. Zygomycetes
- 25. Lichens
- 26. Figure 20.20 Fungal hyphaeAlgal cells Rock or other substance SEM (false color) Hypha Algal cell 15 μm
- 27. Figure 20.21
- 28. Figure 20.22 With endophytes Without endophytes Young Mature 0 5 10 15 20 Proportionofleafareadamaged(%) a b b c Leaf age at time of treatment
- 29. Figure 20.24 Dikaryotic cells Ancestral fungus Basidiomycetes Ascomycetes Glomeromycetes Basidiomycota • ~30,000 species • Basidiospores on basidia • Mushrooms, stinkhorns, puffballs • Ectomycorrhizae, some lichens Ascomycetes • ~50,000 species • Ascospores inside ascus • Asexual reproduction common • Ectomycorrhizae, most lichens • Many plant pathogens, truffles, morels, most yeasts, Penicillium Glomeromycetes • ~200 species • No sexual spores; large asexual spores • Most are obligate mutualists with land plants • Arbuscular mycorrhizae Zygomycetes • ~1,000 species; paraphyletic group • Zygospores • Black bread mold • Asexual reproduction more common than sexual reproduction • Decomposers and parasites Chytridiomycetes • ~1,000 species; paraphyletic group • Spores have single flagellum • Mostly aquatic • Decomposers and parasites on many organisms, including amphibians Zygomycetes Chytridiomycetes Phylum Chytridiomycota Zygomycota Glomeromycota Ascomycota Basidiomycota Flagellated Cells Spore Types Dikaryotic Cells Complex Fruiting Body Yes No No No No Zoospores Zygospores; conidia Large asexual spores only Ascospores in ascus; conidia Basidiospores on basidium; conidia No No No Yes Yes Absent Absent Absent Present Present
- 30. Figure 20.25 classified based on reproduce by means of Kingdom Fungi Spores if zoospores if on basidium Chytrid Basidiomycete Zygomycete Ascomycete Glomeromycete Dikaryotic stage lack extensive has has if zygospores if large asexual spores only if in ascus
- 32. Learning Objectives • Describe the characteristics common to all animals. • Employ the criteria biologists use to classify animals.
- 33. 4. Blastula
- 34. Biologists classify animals based on shared ancestry • morphology • physiology • embryonic development • DNA
- 35. Deuterostomes Bilateria Eumetazoa Ecdysozoa Protostomes Radiata Parazoa Lophotrochozoa Ancestral protist Multicellularity True tissues Bilateral symmetry, three germ layers Mouth arises from second opening in embryo No tissues Radial symmetry, two germ layers Mouth arises from first opening in embryo Characteristic larvae and DNA sequences Periodic molting Chordates Echinoderms Arthropods Roundworms Annelids Mollusks Flatworms Cnidarians Sponges DOMAIN BACTERIA DOMAIN ARCHAEA DOMAIN EUKARYA Animals Fungi Plants Protista DOMAIN EUKARYA Kingdom Animalia Prokaryotes Figure 21.2
- 36. Categorization of animals 1. Specialized tissues 2. Body symmetry 3. Development of gut 4. Method of growth
- 38. True tissues or not: Eumetazoa and Parazoa Tissue: Section 21.1 Fig. 21.2
- 39. 2. Body Symmetry • Among animals with specialized tissues
- 40. Symmetry: bilateral or radial Section 21.1 Fig. 21.2 & 21.3 Radial symmetry: Bilateral symmetry:
- 41. Germ layers: two or three Section 21.1 Fig. 21.2 & 21.45 All animal tissues develop from different layers of embryos. Some embryos form tissues from two layers. Others form tissues from three layers. blastula Embryo with 2 germ layers Embryo with 3 germ layers
- 42. 3. Gut development Among bilaterally symmetrical animals • Protostome • Deuterostome
- 43. 4. Method of growth Among bilaterally symmetrical protostomes • Molt http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ExEhrpi8iz4 http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=E5hyyeGrDic • Continuously add to “skeletal” elements