The document summarizes the rise of the Seljuk Turks in Anatolia. The Seljuks converted to Islam and established new empires that renewed Muslim civilization. They embraced Persian culture, adopting the Persian language and religion of Islam. The Seljuk Empire disintegrated after Malik Shah's death in 1092, and the Seljuks later faced attacks from Crusaders and Mongols, ending their rule in Anatolia.

1. 11.3 Turkish Empires
Rise in Anatolia
Turkish people convert to Islam and establish new empires that renew Muslim
civilization.
S

2. Learning Goals
S Describe the rise of the Seljuk Turks and
their impact on Persian culture.
S Explain how internal problems and foreign
attack ended Seljuk power

4. The Rise of the Turks
S Decline of the Abbassids
S Powerful Abbasid Empire faces many attacks during 700s
and 800s.
S Persians conquer Abbasid capital, Baghdad, in 945.

5. The
Conquering
Seljuks
S Turks are a nomadic group living along western border of
China.
S Group led by Turkish family—the Seljuks—seizes Baghdad
in 1055.
S In 1071 Seljuk sultans crush Byzantine Empire at Battle of
Manzikert.
S Seljuks take most of Anatolia; bring Turks close to
Constantinople.

6. Altai Region (Turkish
homeland)

7. Turkish Empire by 1055

8. The Turks Secure Persian
Support
S Turks seek support of Persians and embrace
Persian culture.
S Give Persians key posts, including that of vizier,
or prime minister.
S Adopt Persian language and religion—Islam.
S Malik Shah was one of the most famous Seljuk
rulers, or shahs.
S He and other shahs support Persian artists and
build mosques.

9. Seljuks Confront Crusaders and Mongols
S Malik Shah Dies
S In 1092 Malik Shah dies; no capable shah replaces him.
S Seljuk Empire disintegrates into loose collection of minor
kingdoms.

11. CRUSADERS
S The Seljuks and the Crusaders
S Crusades begin in 1095—Christians drive the Turks out of
Anatolia.
S In 1099, Crusaders capture Jerusalem; massacre Muslims and
Jews.
S A fragment of Seljuk Empire fights back and Muslims recover
Jerusalem.
S Saladin allows Western pilgrims access to Christian holy places.

12. Seljuks face the Mongols
S Mongol armies under leader Hulagu capture Baghdad in
1258.
S Hulagu, Genghis Kahn’s grandson, burns palace, and kills
Abbasid caliph.
S Ends Turkish rule with much bloodshed.

14. Baghdad 1258