The kidneys are the main organs of the excretory system and are responsible for removing waste from the blood through the process of urination. Each kidney contains approximately 1.2 million functional units called nephrons, which are composed of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The renal corpuscle filters blood to form an initial urine solution, and the renal tubule modifies it through reabsorption and secretion to produce the final urine. The kidneys play a vital role in homeostasis by regulating fluid balance, electrolyte levels, acid-base balance, and blood pressure.
The document summarizes renal physiology and the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the main components of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. It then focuses on the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, including the functional unit of the kidney called the nephron. The nephron consists of the glomerulus and renal tubule, which are involved in filtering the blood and reabsorbing needed substances to form urine. The document also discusses renal regulation of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance as well as endocrine functions of the kidney.
The document summarizes key aspects of the human excretory system. It describes the major organs that make up the system - the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains their functions and roles in filtering waste from the blood and excreting it from the body in urine. Furthermore, it provides details on urine formation within the nephron structural units of the kidneys and how concentration of urine is achieved in the kidney medulla.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine. Urine passes from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, and is then emptied through the urethra. Urine formation involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and a countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. The urinary system regulates water and electrolyte balance and removes nitrogenous wastes from the body.
Anatomy of the urinary system
Anatomy of the kidneys
Anatomy of the nephron
Anatomy of the ureters
Anatomy of the urinary bladder
Anatomy of the urethra; male and female urethra
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It discusses the key parts which include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are the functional units that filter blood to form urine. Urine is produced via glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion. The kidneys play important roles in regulating water balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance in the body.
The human excretory system removes waste from the body. Organisms like sponges, jellyfish, and sea urchins release waste via diffusion, while others have specialized excretory organs. In humans, the kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which is removed by the ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain millions of nephrons that filter the blood, reabsorb useful molecules, and excrete urine containing nitrogenous wastes. Proper excretion and regulation of water is vital for homeostasis in the body.
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood to form urine. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, each with a vascular and tubular component. The tubular component includes Bowman's capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. The vascular component delivers blood to the glomerulus via the afferent arteriole and collects it through the efferent arteriole. There are two types of nephrons - cortical and juxtamedullary. Disorders of the kidney include uremia, renal calculi and glomerulonephritis.
The kidneys are the main organs of the excretory system and are responsible for removing waste from the blood through the process of urination. Each kidney contains approximately 1.2 million functional units called nephrons, which are composed of a renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The renal corpuscle filters blood to form an initial urine solution, and the renal tubule modifies it through reabsorption and secretion to produce the final urine. The kidneys play a vital role in homeostasis by regulating fluid balance, electrolyte levels, acid-base balance, and blood pressure.
The document summarizes renal physiology and the structure and function of the urinary system. It describes the main components of the urinary system including the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. It then focuses on the anatomy and physiology of the kidney, including the functional unit of the kidney called the nephron. The nephron consists of the glomerulus and renal tubule, which are involved in filtering the blood and reabsorbing needed substances to form urine. The document also discusses renal regulation of water, electrolyte and acid-base balance as well as endocrine functions of the kidney.
The document summarizes key aspects of the human excretory system. It describes the major organs that make up the system - the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. It explains their functions and roles in filtering waste from the blood and excreting it from the body in urine. Furthermore, it provides details on urine formation within the nephron structural units of the kidneys and how concentration of urine is achieved in the kidney medulla.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood and forms urine. Urine passes from the kidneys through the ureters into the bladder, and is then emptied through the urethra. Urine formation involves glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion, and a countercurrent mechanism in the kidney. The urinary system regulates water and electrolyte balance and removes nitrogenous wastes from the body.
Anatomy of the urinary system
Anatomy of the kidneys
Anatomy of the nephron
Anatomy of the ureters
Anatomy of the urinary bladder
Anatomy of the urethra; male and female urethra
The document describes the anatomy and physiology of the urinary system. It discusses the key parts which include the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which are the functional units that filter blood to form urine. Urine is produced via glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion. The kidneys play important roles in regulating water balance, electrolyte balance, and acid-base balance in the body.
The human excretory system removes waste from the body. Organisms like sponges, jellyfish, and sea urchins release waste via diffusion, while others have specialized excretory organs. In humans, the kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine, which is removed by the ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys contain millions of nephrons that filter the blood, reabsorb useful molecules, and excrete urine containing nitrogenous wastes. Proper excretion and regulation of water is vital for homeostasis in the body.
The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood to form urine. Each kidney contains approximately 1 million nephrons, each with a vascular and tubular component. The tubular component includes Bowman's capsule, the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct. The vascular component delivers blood to the glomerulus via the afferent arteriole and collects it through the efferent arteriole. There are two types of nephrons - cortical and juxtamedullary. Disorders of the kidney include uremia, renal calculi and glomerulonephritis.
Structure and function of kidney , structure of nephron and urine formation UrvishaVarsani
This ppt contain full presentation about structure and function of Kidney, structure of nephron, and urine formation with proper image and more understanding way . This ppt includes very short information about the above topic , it helps medical, paramedical students to understand well about the physiology.
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. They remove wastes via nephrons that filter blood and form urine which drains through the ureters into the bladder. The bladder stores urine which is then emptied via the urethra. Together these organs regulate waste elimination, fluid balance, and blood pressure.
The kidneys and urinary system remove waste from the body through urine. The kidneys contain over a million nephrons that filter blood to form urine. Urine regulates water, salt, and pH levels in the blood. It contains nitrogenous wastes like urea and ammonia, produced when proteins breakdown. The urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters, stored in the bladder, and exited through the urethra.
The kidney is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which contains the renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The renal corpuscle is located in the cortex and consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule contains the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. The medulla contains only straight tubules like the loop of Henle and collecting ducts.
# a breif detail about the anatomical and physiological of kidney.
# micturation reflex (the role of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerves).
# the process of urine formation "filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion".
The human excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until it is released through the urethra. Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons, the functional units that filter waste and produce urine. Nephrons are composed of a tubule and glomerulus, which work together to regulate water and eliminate waste from the body.
The document provides information about the anatomy of the upper urinary tract, including the kidneys and abdominal part of the ureters. It describes the location and structures of the kidneys, such as the superior and inferior poles, lateral and medial borders, renal artery, renal vein, and ureter. It also discusses the parts of the kidneys, including the renal cortex, pyramids, calyces, and pelvis. The covering, blood supply, nerve innervation, and relations of the kidneys are described as well.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbs essential molecules in the renal tubules. Urine is formed by glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion. The kidneys regulate water and electrolyte balance and remove nitrogenous wastes from the body through the production of urine.
The kidneys are essential excretory organs that filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The kidneys contain over 1 million tiny filtering units called nephrons. Blood enters nephrons via the glomerulus and is filtered, then most water and nutrients are reabsorbed. The loop of Henle and countercurrent mechanism allow concentration of urine. Hormones regulate water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys maintain acid-base balance and blood pressure while filtering wastes and drugs for excretion. Kidney disorders occur if filtration, reabsorption or other functions are disrupted.
The kidney is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla, and contains over 1 million functional filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron contains a renal corpuscle for blood filtration and renal tubule for modification of the filtrate. Urine is formed in 3 steps - filtration of blood plasma into the nephron, reabsorption of useful substances back into blood, and secretion of waste into the filtrate.
Excretory system and its brief discussionরেজা তানজিল
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body. The dual function of excretory systems is the elimination of the waste products of metabolism and to drain the body of used up and broken down components in a liquid and gaseous state. In humans and other amniotes (mammals, birds and reptiles) most of these substances leave the body as urine and to some degree exhalation, mammals also expel them through sweating.
Only the organs specifically used for the excretion are considered a part of the excretory system. In the narrow sense, the term refer to the urinary system. However, as excretion involves several functions that are only superficially related, it is not usually used in more formal classifications of anatomy or function.
As most healthy functioning organs produce metabolic and other wastes, the entire organism depends on the function of the system. Breaking down of one of more of the systems is a serious health condition, for example kidney failure.
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, at which point urine passes through the urethra and out of the body. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra each have distinct tissue layers including mucosa, muscularis, and serosa that allow them to perform their specialized functions within the urinary system.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons, the basic functional units that filter blood and form urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until micturition. During micturition, muscles contract to expel urine through the urethra and out of the body. Precise regulation of urine production, composition, and excretion helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
B.sc.(Micro+Biotech) II Animal & Plant Physiology Unit 2.2 Urinary SystemRai University
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance by producing urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until excretion through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine through a complex process involving filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra make up the excretory system. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, the filtering units of the kidney. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is temporarily stored until release through the urethra. Common disorders of the excretory system include kidney stones, infections like cystitis and pyelonephritis, and renal failure.
The kidney is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla, and contains over 1 million functional filtration units called nephrons. Each nephron contains a renal corpuscle for blood filtration and a renal tubule for reabsorption and secretion. Urine is formed in 3 steps - filtration of blood into nephron filtrate, reabsorption of useful substances back into blood, and secretion of waste products into filtrate. Hormones like antidiuretic hormone regulate water and electrolyte balance by controlling reabsorption in the kidney tubules.
The nephron is the functional and structural unit of the kidney that filters blood. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, each with two main components - a vascular component consisting of a glomerulus and blood vessels, and a tubular component. The tubular component filters blood and is composed of Bowman's capsule, proximal and distal tubules, and the loop of Henle. Blood enters the nephron via the afferent arteriole and is filtered in the glomerulus before exiting via the efferent arteriole. Nephrons are either cortical or juxtamedullary, depending on the location of the glomerulus within the kidney cortex or medulla.
Structure and function of kidney , structure of nephron and urine formation UrvishaVarsani
This ppt contain full presentation about structure and function of Kidney, structure of nephron, and urine formation with proper image and more understanding way . This ppt includes very short information about the above topic , it helps medical, paramedical students to understand well about the physiology.
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance. They remove wastes via nephrons that filter blood and form urine which drains through the ureters into the bladder. The bladder stores urine which is then emptied via the urethra. Together these organs regulate waste elimination, fluid balance, and blood pressure.
The kidneys and urinary system remove waste from the body through urine. The kidneys contain over a million nephrons that filter blood to form urine. Urine regulates water, salt, and pH levels in the blood. It contains nitrogenous wastes like urea and ammonia, produced when proteins breakdown. The urine is transported from the kidneys to the bladder via ureters, stored in the bladder, and exited through the urethra.
The kidney is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla. The basic functional unit of the kidney is the nephron, which contains the renal corpuscle and renal tubule. The renal corpuscle is located in the cortex and consists of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule. The renal tubule contains the proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, and distal convoluted tubule. The medulla contains only straight tubules like the loop of Henle and collecting ducts.
# a breif detail about the anatomical and physiological of kidney.
# micturation reflex (the role of sympathetic, parasympathetic, and somatic nerves).
# the process of urine formation "filtration, reabsorption, secretion, and excretion".
The human excretory system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood and produce urine, which travels through the ureters to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until it is released through the urethra. Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons, the functional units that filter waste and produce urine. Nephrons are composed of a tubule and glomerulus, which work together to regulate water and eliminate waste from the body.
The document provides information about the anatomy of the upper urinary tract, including the kidneys and abdominal part of the ureters. It describes the location and structures of the kidneys, such as the superior and inferior poles, lateral and medial borders, renal artery, renal vein, and ureter. It also discusses the parts of the kidneys, including the renal cortex, pyramids, calyces, and pelvis. The covering, blood supply, nerve innervation, and relations of the kidneys are described as well.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine. The nephron is the functional unit of the kidney that filters blood in the glomerulus and reabsorbs essential molecules in the renal tubules. Urine is formed by glomerular filtration, tubular reabsorption and secretion. The kidneys regulate water and electrolyte balance and remove nitrogenous wastes from the body through the production of urine.
The kidneys are essential excretory organs that filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The kidneys contain over 1 million tiny filtering units called nephrons. Blood enters nephrons via the glomerulus and is filtered, then most water and nutrients are reabsorbed. The loop of Henle and countercurrent mechanism allow concentration of urine. Hormones regulate water and electrolyte balance. The kidneys maintain acid-base balance and blood pressure while filtering wastes and drugs for excretion. Kidney disorders occur if filtration, reabsorption or other functions are disrupted.
The kidney is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla, and contains over 1 million functional filtering units called nephrons. Each nephron contains a renal corpuscle for blood filtration and renal tubule for modification of the filtrate. Urine is formed in 3 steps - filtration of blood plasma into the nephron, reabsorption of useful substances back into blood, and secretion of waste into the filtrate.
Excretory system and its brief discussionরেজা তানজিল
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body. The dual function of excretory systems is the elimination of the waste products of metabolism and to drain the body of used up and broken down components in a liquid and gaseous state. In humans and other amniotes (mammals, birds and reptiles) most of these substances leave the body as urine and to some degree exhalation, mammals also expel them through sweating.
Only the organs specifically used for the excretion are considered a part of the excretory system. In the narrow sense, the term refer to the urinary system. However, as excretion involves several functions that are only superficially related, it is not usually used in more formal classifications of anatomy or function.
As most healthy functioning organs produce metabolic and other wastes, the entire organism depends on the function of the system. Breaking down of one of more of the systems is a serious health condition, for example kidney failure.
The urinary system includes the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. The ureters carry urine from the kidneys to the bladder. The bladder stores urine until urination, at which point urine passes through the urethra and out of the body. The kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra each have distinct tissue layers including mucosa, muscularis, and serosa that allow them to perform their specialized functions within the urinary system.
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to form urine. Each kidney contains over 1 million nephrons, the basic functional units that filter blood and form urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is stored until micturition. During micturition, muscles contract to expel urine through the urethra and out of the body. Precise regulation of urine production, composition, and excretion helps maintain fluid and electrolyte balance in the body.
B.sc.(Micro+Biotech) II Animal & Plant Physiology Unit 2.2 Urinary SystemRai University
The urinary system consists of the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra. The kidneys filter waste and regulate fluid and electrolyte balance by producing urine. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the bladder, where it is stored until excretion through the urethra. The kidneys contain nephrons, which filter the blood to remove wastes and produce urine through a complex process involving filtration, reabsorption, and secretion.
The kidneys, ureters, urinary bladder, and urethra make up the excretory system. The kidneys filter waste from the blood to produce urine. Each kidney contains millions of nephrons, the filtering units of the kidney. Urine travels from the kidneys through the ureters to the urinary bladder, where it is temporarily stored until release through the urethra. Common disorders of the excretory system include kidney stones, infections like cystitis and pyelonephritis, and renal failure.
The kidney is composed of an outer cortex and inner medulla, and contains over 1 million functional filtration units called nephrons. Each nephron contains a renal corpuscle for blood filtration and a renal tubule for reabsorption and secretion. Urine is formed in 3 steps - filtration of blood into nephron filtrate, reabsorption of useful substances back into blood, and secretion of waste products into filtrate. Hormones like antidiuretic hormone regulate water and electrolyte balance by controlling reabsorption in the kidney tubules.
The nephron is the functional and structural unit of the kidney that filters blood. Each kidney contains approximately one million nephrons, each with two main components - a vascular component consisting of a glomerulus and blood vessels, and a tubular component. The tubular component filters blood and is composed of Bowman's capsule, proximal and distal tubules, and the loop of Henle. Blood enters the nephron via the afferent arteriole and is filtered in the glomerulus before exiting via the efferent arteriole. Nephrons are either cortical or juxtamedullary, depending on the location of the glomerulus within the kidney cortex or medulla.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptxMAGOTI ERNEST
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
Current Ms word generated power point presentation covers major details about the micronuclei test. It's significance and assays to conduct it. It is used to detect the micronuclei formation inside the cells of nearly every multicellular organism. It's formation takes place during chromosomal sepration at metaphase.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvementIshaGoswami9
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defectsSérgio Sacani
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Describing and Interpreting an Immersive Learning Case with the Immersion Cub...Leonel Morgado
Current descriptions of immersive learning cases are often difficult or impossible to compare. This is due to a myriad of different options on what details to include, which aspects are relevant, and on the descriptive approaches employed. Also, these aspects often combine very specific details with more general guidelines or indicate intents and rationales without clarifying their implementation. In this paper we provide a method to describe immersive learning cases that is structured to enable comparisons, yet flexible enough to allow researchers and practitioners to decide which aspects to include. This method leverages a taxonomy that classifies educational aspects at three levels (uses, practices, and strategies) and then utilizes two frameworks, the Immersive Learning Brain and the Immersion Cube, to enable a structured description and interpretation of immersive learning cases. The method is then demonstrated on a published immersive learning case on training for wind turbine maintenance using virtual reality. Applying the method results in a structured artifact, the Immersive Learning Case Sheet, that tags the case with its proximal uses, practices, and strategies, and refines the free text case description to ensure that matching details are included. This contribution is thus a case description method in support of future comparative research of immersive learning cases. We then discuss how the resulting description and interpretation can be leveraged to change immersion learning cases, by enriching them (considering low-effort changes or additions) or innovating (exploring more challenging avenues of transformation). The method holds significant promise to support better-grounded research in immersive learning.
Immersive Learning That Works: Research Grounding and Paths ForwardLeonel Morgado
We will metaverse into the essence of immersive learning, into its three dimensions and conceptual models. This approach encompasses elements from teaching methodologies to social involvement, through organizational concerns and technologies. Challenging the perception of learning as knowledge transfer, we introduce a 'Uses, Practices & Strategies' model operationalized by the 'Immersive Learning Brain' and ‘Immersion Cube’ frameworks. This approach offers a comprehensive guide through the intricacies of immersive educational experiences and spotlighting research frontiers, along the immersion dimensions of system, narrative, and agency. Our discourse extends to stakeholders beyond the academic sphere, addressing the interests of technologists, instructional designers, and policymakers. We span various contexts, from formal education to organizational transformation to the new horizon of an AI-pervasive society. This keynote aims to unite the iLRN community in a collaborative journey towards a future where immersive learning research and practice coalesce, paving the way for innovative educational research and practice landscapes.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...AbdullaAlAsif1
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
When I was asked to give a companion lecture in support of ‘The Philosophy of Science’ (https://shorturl.at/4pUXz) I decided not to walk through the detail of the many methodologies in order of use. Instead, I chose to employ a long standing, and ongoing, scientific development as an exemplar. And so, I chose the ever evolving story of Thermodynamics as a scientific investigation at its best.
Conducted over a period of >200 years, Thermodynamics R&D, and application, benefitted from the highest levels of professionalism, collaboration, and technical thoroughness. New layers of application, methodology, and practice were made possible by the progressive advance of technology. In turn, this has seen measurement and modelling accuracy continually improved at a micro and macro level.
Perhaps most importantly, Thermodynamics rapidly became a primary tool in the advance of applied science/engineering/technology, spanning micro-tech, to aerospace and cosmology. I can think of no better a story to illustrate the breadth of scientific methodologies and applications at their best.
The technology uses reclaimed CO₂ as the dyeing medium in a closed loop process. When pressurized, CO₂ becomes supercritical (SC-CO₂). In this state CO₂ has a very high solvent power, allowing the dye to dissolve easily.
6. The Nephrons
• Definition:- It is the functional unit of the
kidney.
• Site:-in the cortex
• Number: one million nephrons.
• Structure: it consists of-
1. Renal corpuscle
2. Renal tubule
7. Structure of nephron
Renal corpuscle:-
– It is the filtering part of the nephron.
– It consists of:-
• glomerulus
• Glomerular capsule
Renal tubule:-
– It is formed of the following parts:-
• Proximal convoluted tubule.
• Loop of Henle
• Distal convoluted tubule
8.
9.
10. I) Word parts related to Urinary
system:-
Meaning
Word
Meaning
Word
stone
lith/o
bladder
cyst/o
kidney
nephr/o,
ren/o
meatus (opening)
meat/o
scanty
olig/o
night
noct/i
urine
urin/o, ur/o
renal pelvis
pyel/o
fixation
-pexy
surgical crushing
-tripsy
11. II) Vocabulary related to urinary system and its
pathology
definition
Vocabulary
urination
micturation
Inflammation of the urinary bladder
cystitis
painful micturation
dysuria
Presence of blood in the urine
hematuria
passage of small amounts of urine
oliguria
presence of pus in urine
pyuria
Radiating pain in the region of the kidney
renal colic
a kidney stone
Nephrolith
getting up and urinating during the night
Nocturia
failure of the kidneys to maintain volume and composition of
body fluids with normal dietary intake
chronic renal
failure
12. III) Vocabulary related to diagnostic procedures
of urinary system
definition
Vocabulary
Introduction of a tube into a passage, such as
through the urethra into the bladder for
withdrawal of urine
catheterization
Endoscopy of the urinary bladder
cystoscopy
tests performed on a urine specimen, including
physical observation, chemical tests, and
microscopic evaluation
urinalysis (UA)
X-ray imaging of kidney, ureter and bladder
kidney, ureter, bladder
(KUB) radiography
Radiographic visualization of the urinary tract
after intravenous administration of a contrast
medium
Intravenous urogram
(IVU)
13.
14. III) Vocabulary related to therapeutic procedures
of urinary system:-
definition
Vocabulary
cleansing the blood of waste products in
individuals with complete kidney failure
Types: 1-hemodialysis
2-peritoneal dialysis
Dialysis
stone crushing with sound waves as
(Extracorporeal Shock Wave Lithotripsy)
(ESWL)
lithotripsy
surgical incision to remove kidney stones
lithotomy
surgical placement of donor kidney
renal
transplant
