Thomson.docx............................
•Download as DOCX, PDF•
0 likes•3 views
physics
Report
Share
Report
Share
Recommended
JJ THOMSAN MODEL OF ATOM
It's PPT on Thomson model of atom for class 9. everything included in ppt is in textbook of science class 9.It is very easy to understand. Hope it help's you!
J J THOMSON.pptx
- The plum pudding model proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904 modeled atoms as a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, like plums in a pudding.
- At the time it was known that atoms have no net charge, so Thomson proposed that electrons must be surrounded by an equal positive charge to balance out the negative charge of the electrons.
- Thomson published his plum pudding model in 1904 in the Philosophical Magazine based on the experimental evidence available at the time of negatively charged electrons and the need for atoms to have no overall charge.
General
This document provides an overview of general chemistry concepts related to atomic structure. It discusses several atomic models proposed over time, including Dalton's atomic theory, Thomson's "plum pudding" model, Rutherford's nuclear model, and Bohr's model. It also describes experiments like Thomson's cathode ray experiment and Rutherford's alpha scattering experiment that helped develop understanding of atomic structure. Key topics covered include the discovery of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons, isotopes, ionization, and atomic spectra.
Presentation2
- J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was modified based on evidence from experiments by Rutherford, Geiger, Marsden, and Bohr.
- In the gold foil experiment, Geiger and Marsden observed some alpha particles deflected at high angles from a thin gold foil, inconsistent with Thomson's model but evidence for a small, dense nucleus.
- Bohr incorporated Planck's quantum theory to explain the stability of atoms, suggesting electrons occupy discrete energy levels and jump between them.
Atoms And Molecules
The document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Thomson's plum pudding model to Rutherford's nuclear model to Bohr's orbital model. It describes each scientist's key contributions and experimental findings that improved the understanding of atomic structure, such as Thomson discovering the electron, Rutherford showing the small, dense nucleus, and Bohr explaining electron orbitals. The document concludes that chemistry is fundamentally concerned with understanding atomic and molecular interactions and properties.
Contributions of j.j thomas, ernst rutherford and neil bohr in the field of c...
The document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Thomson's plum pudding model to Rutherford's nuclear model to Bohr's planetary model. It describes key experiments and contributions from Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr that led to advances in understanding the structure of the atom, including Thomson discovering the electron, Rutherford showing the nucleus, and Bohr incorporating quantum theory. The models progressed from electrons distributed in a positive cloud to orbiting a dense nucleus to orbiting in discrete shells.
Modelo atómico
El conocimiento del átomo, como todo conocimiento científico, nace de la curiosidad del hombre por comprender lo que le rodea en su naturaleza y en su funcionamiento.
Por explicarse los fenómenos naturales. Los filósofos griegos discutieron mucho sobre la naturaleza de la materia y concluyeron que el mundo debía ser más sencillo de lo que parecía.
Mod+13,+History+Of+Atom+Part+A
The document traces the history and development of atomic models from ancient Greek philosophers to modern quantum theory. It describes Democritus's early idea of indivisible atoms, followed by John Dalton formalizing the first atomic theory in the early 1800s. J.J. Thomson later discovered the electron and proposed that atoms are like "plum puddings" with positive matter and embedded electrons. Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed that atoms have a small, dense positive nucleus, leading Niels Bohr to model electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed shells. Modern quantum theory describes electrons as occupying probability clouds or orbitals around the nucleus.
Recommended
JJ THOMSAN MODEL OF ATOM
It's PPT on Thomson model of atom for class 9. everything included in ppt is in textbook of science class 9.It is very easy to understand. Hope it help's you!
J J THOMSON.pptx
- The plum pudding model proposed by J.J. Thomson in 1904 modeled atoms as a sphere of positive charge with negatively charged electrons embedded within it, like plums in a pudding.
- At the time it was known that atoms have no net charge, so Thomson proposed that electrons must be surrounded by an equal positive charge to balance out the negative charge of the electrons.
- Thomson published his plum pudding model in 1904 in the Philosophical Magazine based on the experimental evidence available at the time of negatively charged electrons and the need for atoms to have no overall charge.
General
This document provides an overview of general chemistry concepts related to atomic structure. It discusses several atomic models proposed over time, including Dalton's atomic theory, Thomson's "plum pudding" model, Rutherford's nuclear model, and Bohr's model. It also describes experiments like Thomson's cathode ray experiment and Rutherford's alpha scattering experiment that helped develop understanding of atomic structure. Key topics covered include the discovery of subatomic particles like protons, neutrons, and electrons, isotopes, ionization, and atomic spectra.
Presentation2
- J.J. Thomson's plum pudding model of the atom was modified based on evidence from experiments by Rutherford, Geiger, Marsden, and Bohr.
- In the gold foil experiment, Geiger and Marsden observed some alpha particles deflected at high angles from a thin gold foil, inconsistent with Thomson's model but evidence for a small, dense nucleus.
- Bohr incorporated Planck's quantum theory to explain the stability of atoms, suggesting electrons occupy discrete energy levels and jump between them.
Atoms And Molecules
The document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Thomson's plum pudding model to Rutherford's nuclear model to Bohr's orbital model. It describes each scientist's key contributions and experimental findings that improved the understanding of atomic structure, such as Thomson discovering the electron, Rutherford showing the small, dense nucleus, and Bohr explaining electron orbitals. The document concludes that chemistry is fundamentally concerned with understanding atomic and molecular interactions and properties.
Contributions of j.j thomas, ernst rutherford and neil bohr in the field of c...
The document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Thomson's plum pudding model to Rutherford's nuclear model to Bohr's planetary model. It describes key experiments and contributions from Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr that led to advances in understanding the structure of the atom, including Thomson discovering the electron, Rutherford showing the nucleus, and Bohr incorporating quantum theory. The models progressed from electrons distributed in a positive cloud to orbiting a dense nucleus to orbiting in discrete shells.
Modelo atómico
El conocimiento del átomo, como todo conocimiento científico, nace de la curiosidad del hombre por comprender lo que le rodea en su naturaleza y en su funcionamiento.
Por explicarse los fenómenos naturales. Los filósofos griegos discutieron mucho sobre la naturaleza de la materia y concluyeron que el mundo debía ser más sencillo de lo que parecía.
Mod+13,+History+Of+Atom+Part+A
The document traces the history and development of atomic models from ancient Greek philosophers to modern quantum theory. It describes Democritus's early idea of indivisible atoms, followed by John Dalton formalizing the first atomic theory in the early 1800s. J.J. Thomson later discovered the electron and proposed that atoms are like "plum puddings" with positive matter and embedded electrons. Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment revealed that atoms have a small, dense positive nucleus, leading Niels Bohr to model electrons orbiting the nucleus in fixed shells. Modern quantum theory describes electrons as occupying probability clouds or orbitals around the nucleus.
atomic-models.ppt
Atoms are the basic unit of matter and are composed of subatomic particles - protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, which determines the atom's mass. Electrons orbit the nucleus. An atom is neutral if it has an equal number of protons and electrons. Several models have been proposed to describe the atomic structure, from Dalton's solid sphere model to Rutherford's nuclear model to Bohr's shells model. Modern atomic theory is based on wave mechanics and electrons are described as probability distributions rather than definite orbits.
3 atomic models villa
John Dalton originally proposed that atoms were indivisible solid particles, but J.J. Thomson's discovery of electrons led him to propose a "plum pudding" model where positively charged material embedded negatively charged electrons. However, Rutherford's gold foil experiment found that most alpha particles passed through, implying atoms are mostly empty space, while some rebounded, indicating a small, dense positively charged nucleus. This led to Rutherford's model of the atom as a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons in the empty space, bringing us closer to our modern understanding.
Notes lab 04 the invisible atom
The document traces the development of atomic models from ancient Greek philosophers to modern quantum mechanics. It discusses early concepts of atoms proposed by Democritus and Aristotle. John Dalton later proposed atoms as basic indivisible units that combine in fixed ratios. J.J. Thomson's experiments led to the "plum pudding" model of atoms with a positive nucleus and negative electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed the nucleus is dense and positively charged at the center. Niels Bohr incorporated orbits and quantized energy levels. Later discoveries of the neutron, electron probability clouds, and electron configurations further refined atomic structure models.
SCI 10 HISTORY OF ATOMIC MODEL PPT 2-1.ppt
The atomic model has changed significantly over time based on new evidence and experiments. Early Greek philosophers proposed that matter was made of indivisible particles called atoms. In the early 1800s, Dalton's atomic theory established atoms as the fundamental units of matter and the building blocks of elements. Thomson's plum pudding model in the late 1800s was the first to propose atoms had internal structure, consisting of positive matter and embedded electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1908 revealed atoms had a small, dense nucleus at their center. Bohr incorporated electron shells into his 1913 model. Today's wave mechanical model depicts electrons as probability clouds around the nucleus rather than definitive orbits.
Atomic-models.pptx
The document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Democritus' idea of indivisible atoms to modern understanding. Early atomic models including Dalton's spheres and Thomson's "raisin bun" model were later replaced by Rutherford's nuclear model based on his gold foil experiment, which showed the atom's mass and positive charge are concentrated in a tiny nucleus. The modern atomic model consists of a small, dense nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons.
Atomos
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomos[1]
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomos
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's model of atoms as indivisible spheres, Thomson's "plum pudding" model with electrons scattered in a positively charged substance, Rutherford's gold foil experiment showing atoms are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus like planets, and the modern wave model where electrons exist as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomos[1]
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomic Structure Ppt
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomos[1]
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Chapter 4 - The Atom
This document summarizes the history and development of the atomic theory and periodic table. It discusses early Greek philosophers' ideas about atoms, John Dalton's atomic theory in the early 1800s, J.J. Thomson's discovery of electrons in the late 1800s, Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus in 1909, and the discovery of neutrons in 1930 which completed the modern atomic model. It also explains how atoms are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons, how atomic and mass numbers are used to identify elements and isotopes, and how average atomic masses are calculated based on the relative abundances of isotopes in nature.
HISTORY OF ATOMIC MODEL grade 9 topic.pptx
The document summarizes the development of atomic models throughout history, from Democritus' early idea of indivisible atoms in 400 BC to the modern quantum mechanical model. It describes models proposed by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and others and how their work led to new understandings of the atom. A key development was Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1908 which showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus at their center. Later models incorporated the discovery of electrons and sought to explain their behavior, culminating in the current probabilistic model of electron clouds.
Atomic models Dr. vijender singh
The atomic model has changed significantly over time based on new evidence and experiments. Early philosophers proposed that atoms were indivisible spheres, while later scientists like Thomson and Rutherford provided evidence that atoms have internal structure, including a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. The current wave model depicts electrons as existing in probabilistic electron clouds rather than definite orbits, representing our most accurate understanding of atomic structure to date.
PPT FOR PHET DEMO.ppt
This document discusses two early atomic models:
1) J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model from 1897 which viewed the atom as a uniform positively charged sphere with electrons embedded inside like raisins in a pudding.
2) Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment from 1908 which found that most alpha particles passed through a gold foil with little deflection, but some bounced off at sharp angles, indicating the positive charge of atoms must be concentrated in a small, dense nucleus.
3) Rutherford concluded atoms have a small, dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons, overturning the plum pudding model - this came to be called the Rutherford model of the atom.
History of Atom: Theories and Models
The document summarizes the history of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern physics. It describes early atomic models proposed by Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, and Rutherford, and refinements made by Bohr and Schrodinger. Key developments include Thomson's discovery of the electron, Rutherford's nuclear model from his gold foil experiment, Bohr incorporating quantum theory and the concept of electron shells, and Schrodinger's probabilistic "cloud" model of electron orbits. The modern atomic model consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in energy levels.
History of Atom: Theories and Models
The document summarizes the major historical theories and models of the atom. It describes how ancient Greek philosophers first proposed the idea of indivisible atoms. In the early 1900s, scientists including J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and Erwin Schrödinger developed models of the internal structure of atoms. Thomson's plum pudding model depicted atoms as positively charged spheres containing electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment led to the planetary model with a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. Bohr added that electrons can only orbit in fixed energy levels. Later, Schrödinger developed the probabilistic cloud model still used today.
atoms ppt.pptx
J.J. Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the atom in 1904 to account for the electron. This model depicted the atom as electrons surrounded by a uniform positively charged background, like plums in pudding. However, Rutherford's experiments in 1911 showed that Thomson's model was incorrect and most of an atom's mass and positive charge must be concentrated in a small nucleus. In 1913, Bohr proposed his quantized shell model to explain the stability of electron orbits, which required that electrons orbit in fixed shells of discrete energy levels.
atomos.ppt
The document summarizes the development of atomic theory over time from Democritus' idea of indivisible atoms to the current wave model. It describes early atomic models including Democritus, Dalton, Thomson's plum pudding model, Rutherford's gold foil experiment leading to the discovery of the nucleus, and Bohr's model of electrons in orbits around the nucleus. The modern wave model views electrons as existing in electron clouds or orbitals around the nucleus rather than defined orbits.
9th e himanshu chemistry project 19
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through experiments with cathode rays. He proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom, where electrons were embedded in a uniform sphere of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment in 1909, which led him to propose the Rutherford model of the atom in 1911 - a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. Neils Bohr improved on this model in 1913 by incorporating quantum theory, explaining the Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectra. In the Bohr model, electrons orbit in discrete energy levels and jump between them, emitting or absorbing photons of specific frequencies.
More Related Content
Similar to Thomson.docx............................
atomic-models.ppt
Atoms are the basic unit of matter and are composed of subatomic particles - protons, neutrons and electrons. Protons and neutrons are found in the nucleus, which determines the atom's mass. Electrons orbit the nucleus. An atom is neutral if it has an equal number of protons and electrons. Several models have been proposed to describe the atomic structure, from Dalton's solid sphere model to Rutherford's nuclear model to Bohr's shells model. Modern atomic theory is based on wave mechanics and electrons are described as probability distributions rather than definite orbits.
3 atomic models villa
John Dalton originally proposed that atoms were indivisible solid particles, but J.J. Thomson's discovery of electrons led him to propose a "plum pudding" model where positively charged material embedded negatively charged electrons. However, Rutherford's gold foil experiment found that most alpha particles passed through, implying atoms are mostly empty space, while some rebounded, indicating a small, dense positively charged nucleus. This led to Rutherford's model of the atom as a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons in the empty space, bringing us closer to our modern understanding.
Notes lab 04 the invisible atom
The document traces the development of atomic models from ancient Greek philosophers to modern quantum mechanics. It discusses early concepts of atoms proposed by Democritus and Aristotle. John Dalton later proposed atoms as basic indivisible units that combine in fixed ratios. J.J. Thomson's experiments led to the "plum pudding" model of atoms with a positive nucleus and negative electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed the nucleus is dense and positively charged at the center. Niels Bohr incorporated orbits and quantized energy levels. Later discoveries of the neutron, electron probability clouds, and electron configurations further refined atomic structure models.
SCI 10 HISTORY OF ATOMIC MODEL PPT 2-1.ppt
The atomic model has changed significantly over time based on new evidence and experiments. Early Greek philosophers proposed that matter was made of indivisible particles called atoms. In the early 1800s, Dalton's atomic theory established atoms as the fundamental units of matter and the building blocks of elements. Thomson's plum pudding model in the late 1800s was the first to propose atoms had internal structure, consisting of positive matter and embedded electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1908 revealed atoms had a small, dense nucleus at their center. Bohr incorporated electron shells into his 1913 model. Today's wave mechanical model depicts electrons as probability clouds around the nucleus rather than definitive orbits.
Atomic-models.pptx
The document discusses the historical development of atomic models from Democritus' idea of indivisible atoms to modern understanding. Early atomic models including Dalton's spheres and Thomson's "raisin bun" model were later replaced by Rutherford's nuclear model based on his gold foil experiment, which showed the atom's mass and positive charge are concentrated in a tiny nucleus. The modern atomic model consists of a small, dense nucleus of protons and neutrons surrounded by electrons.
Atomos
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomos[1]
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomos
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's model of atoms as indivisible spheres, Thomson's "plum pudding" model with electrons scattered in a positively charged substance, Rutherford's gold foil experiment showing atoms are mostly empty space with a dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus like planets, and the modern wave model where electrons exist as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomos[1]
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomic Structure Ppt
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Atomos[1]
The document traces the development of atomic theory over time from ancient Greek philosophers to modern models. It describes Democritus' idea that matter is made of indivisible particles called "atomos", Dalton's atomic theory of elements composed of atoms, J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model showing atoms contain smaller particles, Rutherford's gold foil experiment proving atoms have a small, dense nucleus, Bohr's model of electrons in specific energy levels orbiting the nucleus, and the modern wave model showing electrons as probability clouds rather than definite orbits.
Chapter 4 - The Atom
This document summarizes the history and development of the atomic theory and periodic table. It discusses early Greek philosophers' ideas about atoms, John Dalton's atomic theory in the early 1800s, J.J. Thomson's discovery of electrons in the late 1800s, Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the nucleus in 1909, and the discovery of neutrons in 1930 which completed the modern atomic model. It also explains how atoms are composed of protons, neutrons and electrons, how atomic and mass numbers are used to identify elements and isotopes, and how average atomic masses are calculated based on the relative abundances of isotopes in nature.
HISTORY OF ATOMIC MODEL grade 9 topic.pptx
The document summarizes the development of atomic models throughout history, from Democritus' early idea of indivisible atoms in 400 BC to the modern quantum mechanical model. It describes models proposed by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, Bohr, and others and how their work led to new understandings of the atom. A key development was Rutherford's gold foil experiment in 1908 which showed that atoms have a small, dense nucleus at their center. Later models incorporated the discovery of electrons and sought to explain their behavior, culminating in the current probabilistic model of electron clouds.
Atomic models Dr. vijender singh
The atomic model has changed significantly over time based on new evidence and experiments. Early philosophers proposed that atoms were indivisible spheres, while later scientists like Thomson and Rutherford provided evidence that atoms have internal structure, including a small, dense nucleus surrounded by electrons. The current wave model depicts electrons as existing in probabilistic electron clouds rather than definite orbits, representing our most accurate understanding of atomic structure to date.
PPT FOR PHET DEMO.ppt
This document discusses two early atomic models:
1) J.J. Thomson's "plum pudding" model from 1897 which viewed the atom as a uniform positively charged sphere with electrons embedded inside like raisins in a pudding.
2) Ernest Rutherford's gold foil experiment from 1908 which found that most alpha particles passed through a gold foil with little deflection, but some bounced off at sharp angles, indicating the positive charge of atoms must be concentrated in a small, dense nucleus.
3) Rutherford concluded atoms have a small, dense positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons, overturning the plum pudding model - this came to be called the Rutherford model of the atom.
History of Atom: Theories and Models
The document summarizes the history of atomic theory from ancient Greek philosophers to modern physics. It describes early atomic models proposed by Democritus, Dalton, Thomson, and Rutherford, and refinements made by Bohr and Schrodinger. Key developments include Thomson's discovery of the electron, Rutherford's nuclear model from his gold foil experiment, Bohr incorporating quantum theory and the concept of electron shells, and Schrodinger's probabilistic "cloud" model of electron orbits. The modern atomic model consists of a small, positively charged nucleus surrounded by electrons in energy levels.
History of Atom: Theories and Models
The document summarizes the major historical theories and models of the atom. It describes how ancient Greek philosophers first proposed the idea of indivisible atoms. In the early 1900s, scientists including J.J. Thomson, Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr, and Erwin Schrödinger developed models of the internal structure of atoms. Thomson's plum pudding model depicted atoms as positively charged spheres containing electrons. Rutherford's gold foil experiment led to the planetary model with a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. Bohr added that electrons can only orbit in fixed energy levels. Later, Schrödinger developed the probabilistic cloud model still used today.
atoms ppt.pptx
J.J. Thomson proposed the plum pudding model of the atom in 1904 to account for the electron. This model depicted the atom as electrons surrounded by a uniform positively charged background, like plums in pudding. However, Rutherford's experiments in 1911 showed that Thomson's model was incorrect and most of an atom's mass and positive charge must be concentrated in a small nucleus. In 1913, Bohr proposed his quantized shell model to explain the stability of electron orbits, which required that electrons orbit in fixed shells of discrete energy levels.
atomos.ppt
The document summarizes the development of atomic theory over time from Democritus' idea of indivisible atoms to the current wave model. It describes early atomic models including Democritus, Dalton, Thomson's plum pudding model, Rutherford's gold foil experiment leading to the discovery of the nucleus, and Bohr's model of electrons in orbits around the nucleus. The modern wave model views electrons as existing in electron clouds or orbitals around the nucleus rather than defined orbits.
9th e himanshu chemistry project 19
J.J. Thomson discovered the electron in 1897 through experiments with cathode rays. He proposed the "plum pudding" model of the atom, where electrons were embedded in a uniform sphere of positive charge. Ernest Rutherford performed the gold foil experiment in 1909, which led him to propose the Rutherford model of the atom in 1911 - a small, dense nucleus surrounded by orbiting electrons. Neils Bohr improved on this model in 1913 by incorporating quantum theory, explaining the Rydberg formula for hydrogen spectra. In the Bohr model, electrons orbit in discrete energy levels and jump between them, emitting or absorbing photons of specific frequencies.
Similar to Thomson.docx............................ (20)
More from hend49
More from hend49 (12)
Ch1___Importance of Computers in Physics The Nature of Computer Simulations -...
Ch1___Importance of Computers in Physics The Nature of Computer Simulations -...
Recently uploaded
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
Although Artemia has been known to man for centuries, its use as a food for the culture of larval organisms apparently began only in the 1930s, when several investigators found that it made an excellent food for newly hatched fish larvae (Litvinenko et al., 2023). As aquaculture developed in the 1960s and ‘70s, the use of Artemia also became more widespread, due both to its convenience and to its nutritional value for larval organisms (Arenas-Pardo et al., 2024). The fact that Artemia dormant cysts can be stored for long periods in cans, and then used as an off-the-shelf food requiring only 24 h of incubation makes them the most convenient, least labor-intensive, live food available for aquaculture (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021). The nutritional value of Artemia, especially for marine organisms, is not constant, but varies both geographically and temporally. During the last decade, however, both the causes of Artemia nutritional variability and methods to improve poorquality Artemia have been identified (Loufi et al., 2024).
Brine shrimp (Artemia spp.) are used in marine aquaculture worldwide. Annually, more than 2,000 metric tons of dry cysts are used for cultivation of fish, crustacean, and shellfish larva. Brine shrimp are important to aquaculture because newly hatched brine shrimp nauplii (larvae) provide a food source for many fish fry (Mozanzadeh et al., 2021). Culture and harvesting of brine shrimp eggs represents another aspect of the aquaculture industry. Nauplii and metanauplii of Artemia, commonly known as brine shrimp, play a crucial role in aquaculture due to their nutritional value and suitability as live feed for many aquatic species, particularly in larval stages (Sorgeloos & Roubach, 2021).
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan,kP,Pakistan
hematic appreciation test is a psychological assessment tool used to measure an individual's appreciation and understanding of specific themes or topics. This test helps to evaluate an individual's ability to connect different ideas and concepts within a given theme, as well as their overall comprehension and interpretation skills. The results of the test can provide valuable insights into an individual's cognitive abilities, creativity, and critical thinking skillsTravis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills of Minnesota developed a method to convert waste into high-value dry fertilizer, significantly enriching soil quality. By providing farmers with a valuable resource derived from waste, Travis Hills helps enhance farm profitability while promoting environmental stewardship. Travis Hills' sustainable practices lead to cost savings and increased revenue for farmers by improving resource efficiency and reducing waste.
SAR of Medicinal Chemistry 1st by dk.pdf
In this presentation include the prototype drug SAR on thus or with their examples .
Syllabus of Second Year B. Pharmacy
2019 PATTERN.
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
With increasing population, people need to rely on packaged food stuffs. Packaging of food materials requires the preservation of food. There are various methods for the treatment of food to preserve them and irradiation treatment of food is one of them. It is the most common and the most harmless method for the food preservation as it does not alter the necessary micronutrients of food materials. Although irradiated food doesn’t cause any harm to the human health but still the quality assessment of food is required to provide consumers with necessary information about the food. ESR spectroscopy is the most sophisticated way to investigate the quality of the food and the free radicals induced during the processing of the food. ESR spin trapping technique is useful for the detection of highly unstable radicals in the food. The antioxidant capability of liquid food and beverages in mainly performed by spin trapping technique.
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...University of Maribor
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intelligent Systems.
11th International Conference on Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering (IcETRAN), Niš, 3-6 June 2024
Inter-Society Networking Panel GRSS/MTT-S/CIS Panel Session: Promoting Connection and Cooperation
https://www.etran.rs/2024/en/home-english/EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Context. With a mass exceeding several 104 M⊙ and a rich and dense population of massive stars, supermassive young star clusters
represent the most massive star-forming environment that is dominated by the feedback from massive stars and gravitational interactions
among stars.
Aims. In this paper we present the Extended Westerlund 1 and 2 Open Clusters Survey (EWOCS) project, which aims to investigate
the influence of the starburst environment on the formation of stars and planets, and on the evolution of both low and high mass stars.
The primary targets of this project are Westerlund 1 and 2, the closest supermassive star clusters to the Sun.
Methods. The project is based primarily on recent observations conducted with the Chandra and JWST observatories. Specifically,
the Chandra survey of Westerlund 1 consists of 36 new ACIS-I observations, nearly co-pointed, for a total exposure time of 1 Msec.
Additionally, we included 8 archival Chandra/ACIS-S observations. This paper presents the resulting catalog of X-ray sources within
and around Westerlund 1. Sources were detected by combining various existing methods, and photon extraction and source validation
were carried out using the ACIS-Extract software.
Results. The EWOCS X-ray catalog comprises 5963 validated sources out of the 9420 initially provided to ACIS-Extract, reaching a
photon flux threshold of approximately 2 × 10−8 photons cm−2
s
−1
. The X-ray sources exhibit a highly concentrated spatial distribution,
with 1075 sources located within the central 1 arcmin. We have successfully detected X-ray emissions from 126 out of the 166 known
massive stars of the cluster, and we have collected over 71 000 photons from the magnetar CXO J164710.20-455217.
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Thematic analysis in qualitative research is a time-consuming and systematic task, typically done using teams. Team members must ground their activities on common understandings of the major concepts underlying the thematic analysis, and define criteria for its development. However, conceptual misunderstandings, equivocations, and lack of adherence to criteria are challenges to the quality and speed of this process. Given the distributed and uncertain nature of this process, we wondered if the tasks in thematic analysis could be supported by readily available artificial intelligence chatbots. Our early efforts point to potential benefits: not just saving time in the coding process but better adherence to criteria and grounding, by increasing triangulation between humans and artificial intelligence. This tutorial will provide a description and demonstration of the process we followed, as two academic researchers, to develop a custom ChatGPT to assist with qualitative coding in the thematic data analysis process of immersive learning accounts in a survey of the academic literature: QUAL-E Immersive Learning Thematic Analysis Helper. In the hands-on time, participants will try out QUAL-E and develop their ideas for their own qualitative coding ChatGPT. Participants that have the paid ChatGPT Plus subscription can create a draft of their assistants. The organizers will provide course materials and slide deck that participants will be able to utilize to continue development of their custom GPT. The paid subscription to ChatGPT Plus is not required to participate in this workshop, just for trying out personal GPTs during it.
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Assuming spherical symmetry and weak field, it is shown that if one solves the Poisson equation or the Einstein field
equations sourced by a topological defect, i.e. a singularity of a very specific form, the result is a localized gravitational
field capable of driving flat rotation (i.e. Keplerian circular orbits at a constant speed for all radii) of test masses on a thin
spherical shell without any underlying mass. Moreover, a large-scale structure which exploits this solution by assembling
concentrically a number of such topological defects can establish a flat stellar or galactic rotation curve, and can also deflect
light in the same manner as an equipotential (isothermal) sphere. Thus, the need for dark matter or modified gravity theory is
mitigated, at least in part.
Bob Reedy - Nitrate in Texas Groundwater.pdf
Presented at June 6-7 Texas Alliance of Groundwater Districts Business Meeting
原版制作(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证硕士文凭原版一模一样
原版纸张【微信：741003700 】【(carleton毕业证书)卡尔顿大学毕业证】【微信：741003700 】学位证，留信认证（真实可查，永久存档）offer、雅思、外壳等材料/诚信可靠,可直接看成品样本，帮您解决无法毕业带来的各种难题！外壳，原版制作，诚信可靠，可直接看成品样本。行业标杆！精益求精，诚心合作，真诚制作！多年品质 ,按需精细制作，24小时接单,全套进口原装设备。十五年致力于帮助留学生解决难题，包您满意。
本公司拥有海外各大学样板无数，能完美还原海外各大学 Bachelor Diploma degree, Master Degree Diploma
1:1完美还原海外各大学毕业材料上的工艺：水印，阴影底纹，钢印LOGO烫金烫银，LOGO烫金烫银复合重叠。文字图案浮雕、激光镭射、紫外荧光、温感、复印防伪等防伪工艺。材料咨询办理、认证咨询办理请加学历顾问Q/微741003700
留信网认证的作用:
1:该专业认证可证明留学生真实身份
2:同时对留学生所学专业登记给予评定
3:国家专业人才认证中心颁发入库证书
4:这个认证书并且可以归档倒地方
5:凡事获得留信网入网的信息将会逐步更新到个人身份内，将在公安局网内查询个人身份证信息后，同步读取人才网入库信息
6:个人职称评审加20分
7:个人信誉贷款加10分
8:在国家人才网主办的国家网络招聘大会中纳入资料，供国家高端企业选择人才
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Classification
Metal ion ion indicators
Masking and demasking reagents
Estimation of Magnisium sulphate
Calcium gluconate
Complexometric Titration/ chelatometry titration/chelating titration, introduction, Types-
1.Direct Titration
2.Back Titration
3.Replacement Titration
4.Indirect Titration
Masking agent, Demasking agents
formation of complex
comparition between masking and demasking agents,
Indicators/Metal ion indicators/ Metallochromic indicators/pM indicators,
Visual Technique,PM indicators (metallochromic), Indicators of pH, Redox Indicators
Instrumental Techniques-Photometry
Potentiometry
Miscellaneous methods.
Complex titration with EDTA.
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
The pygmy halfbeak Dermogenys colletei, is known for its viviparous nature, this presents an intriguing case of relatively low fecundity, raising questions about potential compensatory reproductive strategies employed by this species. Our study delves into the examination of fecundity and the Gonadosomatic Index (GSI) in the Pygmy Halfbeak, D. colletei (Meisner, 2001), an intriguing viviparous fish indigenous to Sarawak, Borneo. We hypothesize that the Pygmy halfbeak, D. colletei, may exhibit unique reproductive adaptations to offset its low fecundity, thus enhancing its survival and fitness. To address this, we conducted a comprehensive study utilizing 28 mature female specimens of D. colletei, carefully measuring fecundity and GSI to shed light on the reproductive adaptations of this species. Our findings reveal that D. colletei indeed exhibits low fecundity, with a mean of 16.76 ± 2.01, and a mean GSI of 12.83 ± 1.27, providing crucial insights into the reproductive mechanisms at play in this species. These results underscore the existence of unique reproductive strategies in D. colletei, enabling its adaptation and persistence in Borneo's diverse aquatic ecosystems, and call for further ecological research to elucidate these mechanisms. This study lends to a better understanding of viviparous fish in Borneo and contributes to the broader field of aquatic ecology, enhancing our knowledge of species adaptations to unique ecological challenges.
Phenomics assisted breeding in crop improvement
As the population is increasing and will reach about 9 billion upto 2050. Also due to climate change, it is difficult to meet the food requirement of such a large population. Facing the challenges presented by resource shortages, climate
change, and increasing global population, crop yield and quality need to be improved in a sustainable way over the coming decades. Genetic improvement by breeding is the best way to increase crop productivity. With the rapid progression of functional
genomics, an increasing number of crop genomes have been sequenced and dozens of genes influencing key agronomic traits have been identified. However, current genome sequence information has not been adequately exploited for understanding
the complex characteristics of multiple gene, owing to a lack of crop phenotypic data. Efficient, automatic, and accurate technologies and platforms that can capture phenotypic data that can
be linked to genomics information for crop improvement at all growth stages have become as important as genotyping. Thus,
high-throughput phenotyping has become the major bottleneck restricting crop breeding. Plant phenomics has been defined as the high-throughput, accurate acquisition and analysis of multi-dimensional phenotypes
during crop growing stages at the organism level, including the cell, tissue, organ, individual plant, plot, and field levels. With the rapid development of novel sensors, imaging technology,
and analysis methods, numerous infrastructure platforms have been developed for phenotyping.
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Evaporation step counter work. I have done a physical experiment.
(Work in progress.)
Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE
Slides from talk:
Aleš Zamuda: Randomised Optimisation Algorithms in DAPHNE .
Austrian-Slovenian HPC Meeting 2024 – ASHPC24, Seeblickhotel Grundlsee in Austria, 10–13 June 2024
https://ashpc.eu/
Recently uploaded (20)
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
The use of Nauplii and metanauplii artemia in aquaculture (brine shrimp).pptx
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
THEMATIC APPERCEPTION TEST(TAT) cognitive abilities, creativity, and critic...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
Travis Hills' Endeavors in Minnesota: Fostering Environmental and Economic Pr...
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
ESR spectroscopy in liquid food and beverages.pptx
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
Remote Sensing and Computational, Evolutionary, Supercomputing, and Intellige...
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
aziz sancar nobel prize winner: from mardin to nobel
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
EWOCS-I: The catalog of X-ray sources in Westerlund 1 from the Extended Weste...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
Authoring a personal GPT for your research and practice: How we created the Q...
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
The binding of cosmological structures by massless topological defects
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Compexometric titration/Chelatorphy titration/chelating titration
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
Unlocking the mysteries of reproduction: Exploring fecundity and gonadosomati...
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
20240520 Planning a Circuit Simulator in JavaScript.pptx
Thomson.docx............................
- 1. Thomson’s atomic model Prepared by: Tahani Hazazi
- 2. Thomson model Introduction William Thomson proposed Thomson's atomic model in 1900. The model described the inner structure of the atom theoretically. An earlier discovery of the electron was strongly supported by Sir Joseph Thomson. A negatively charged particle was discovered during a cathode ray tube experiment by James Thomas. In 1897, this experiment was conducted. Vacuum tubes are cathode ray tubes. An electron is a negative particle. Thomson believed that an atom is composed of thousands of electrons and that an electron is two thousand times lighter than a proton. A cloud of positive and negative charges surrounded the atoms in this atomic structure model. Together with Rutherford, he also demonstrated the ionization of air by X-ray. It was the first time it had been demonstrated. A plum pudding is Thomson's model of an atom. Plum Pudding Atomic Theory It has been proposed by Thomson that the shape of an atom is similar to that of a sphere with a radius of 10-10 meters. Atoms are electrostatically stable because positively charged particles are uniformly distributed and electrons are arranged in a uniform manner. According to Thomson, his atomic model is also known as a plum pudding model or a watermelon model. An electron embedded in the
- 3. seed of a watermelon represents a positive charge distribution, while the red mass of the watermelon represents the seed. According to plum pudding atomic theory, atoms have uniform mass distribution. Postulates of Thomson’s atomic model Thomson's atomic model holds that an atom is made up of electrons (negatively charged particles) inside a positive charge sphere. Atoms are electrically neutral because their positive and negative charges are equal in magnitude. In addition to resembling a spherical plum pudding, Thomson's atomic model also resembles a watermelon. As with a spherical plum pudding,
- 4. the electrons in the model look like dry fruits embedded in a sphere of positive charge. A watermelon has also been compared to the model because the red edible part is like the sphere with a positive charge, and the black seeds fill the watermelon are like the electrons. Limitations of Thomson’s atomic model It failed to explain how an atom's negatively charged electrons are held together by a positive charge, which is the reason why it was unable to explain the stability of an atom. Due to this, this theory did not account for the nucleus' position within an atom. The scattering of alpha particles by thin metal foils cannot be explained by Thomson's model Neither experimental nor theoretical evidence supports it Conclusion The Thomson atomic model provided the basis for several other models of atomic structure afterward, although it was inaccurate and had a few drawbacks. A foundation model for later significant and revolutionary inventions, it is one of the most important models.