Project communications management involves identifying stakeholders, planning communications, distributing information, managing stakeholder expectations, and reporting performance. Effective communication is key, as project managers spend most of their time communicating. The communication process includes encoding messages, transmitting messages through a medium which can include noise, and decoding the message. Planning communications involves analyzing requirements, selecting communication methods and models. Information is then distributed according to the plan using various written and verbal techniques. Stakeholder expectations are managed through applying communication and interpersonal skills. Performance is reported using tools like Gantt charts and S-curves.
2. Communications Management
• The processes required to ensure
timely and appropriate generation,
collection, distribution, storage,
recovery, and ultimate disposition of
project information
3. Why Do We Manage Communications?
• Project Managers spend most of their time
communicating
• Communication is complex; requiring
choices between:
– Sender-Receiver models
– Choice of media
– Writing style
– Presentation techniques
– Meeting management
4. Communication Model
• Encode – Translate thought to language
• Message – Output of encoding
• Medium – Method to convey message
• Noise – Interference with transmission/understanding
• Decode – Translation back to thought/idea
Encode
Sender
Decode
Decode
Receive
rEncode
Message
Feedback -
Message
MEDIUM
Noise
Noise
5. Communication Model
• Communications model implies feedback
required
• Key Terms
– Nonverbal – 55% of Communication
– Paralingual – Pitch and tone of voice
– Active listening – Receiver confirms message
and asks for clarification
– Effective listening – Receiver pays attention,
thoughtfully responds, and provides feedback
6. How Do We Manage Communications?
• Five processes
– Identify Stakeholders
– Plan Communications
– Distribute Information
– Manage Stakeholder Expectations
– Report Performance
Plan
Communication
s
Distribute
Information
Report
Performance
Manage
Stakeholder
Expectations
Identify
Stakeholders
9. Com Requirement Analysis
• Who needs to know and how much?
• Communicate good and bad, but not too
much to affect the team
• Communication channels grows
exponentially not linearly as team members
are added!
# of Com Channels = N(N-1)/2
Where N = # of Stakeholders
10. Communications Mgmt Plan
• Who, what, when, and how information is to be
distributed
Information
Type
D
istribution
Frequency
C
ham
pion
Project
M
anager
R
&D
D
istribution
Sales
and
M
arketing
File
Charter Revision
Project Plan Revision
Launch Plan Revision
Product Specifications Revision
Schedule Monthly
Weekly Updates Weekly
Project Minutes Weekly
Project emails As-Appropriate
Project Memos As-Appropriate
Vendor Info As-Appropriate
Progress Update Quarterly
Contractor Info
11. Distribute Information
Organizational
Process Assets
Updates
Communications methods
Information distribution toolsInputs
Outputs
Tools & Techniques
Project
Management Plan
Performance
Reports
Organizational
Process Assets
Plan
Communications
Distribute
Information
Report
Performance
Manage
Stakeholder
Expectations
Identify
Stakeholders
12. Distribution Techniques - Written
• PM Sort and Distribute
– Small projects only, issues with timely delivery of info
• Document Control Sort & Distribute
– Mid sized projects, issues with retention of staff
qualified to sort info
• Document Control Notification
– Daily list of all docs received emailed to team, who
are directed to central location for document review
13. Distribution Techniques - Verbal
• Where do team members get their information?
– 7% from words
– 38% from tone
– 55% non-verbal signals
• Your presentation style is extremely important
14. Manage Stakeholder Expectations
Stakeholder Register
Stakeholder
Management Strategy
Project Management
Plan
Issue Log
Change Log
Organizational
Process Assets
Communications methods
Interpersonal skills
Management skills
Inputs Outputs
Tools & Techniques
Organizational
Process Assets
Updates
Change Requests
Project
Management Plan
Updates
Project Document
Updates
Plan
Communications
Distribute
Information
Report
Performance
Manage
Stakeholder
Expectations
Identify
Stakeholders
15. Why Manage Stakeholders?
• We Retain
– 10% from reading
– 20% hearing
– 30% read and hear
– 50% that we discuss
– 80% of experiences
– 90% that we teach
Agreements without documentation will come
back to haunt you!
16. Report Performance
Variance analysis
Forecasting methods
Communications methods
Reporting systems
Inputs
Outputs
Tools & Techniques
Project Management
Plan
Work Performance
Information
Work Performance
Measures
Budget Forecasts
Organizational
Process Maps
Performance
reports
Change
Requests
Organizational
Process Assets
Plan
Communications
Distribute
Information
Report
Performance
Manage
Stakeholder
Expectations
Identify
Stakeholders