This document summarizes a research study on customer perceptions of electronic services on tourist agency websites in Albania. It provides background on internet marketing and how it has changed the tourism industry. The study analyzed 60 tourist agency websites in Albania and distributed 190 questionnaires to customers on their perceptions of 14 electronic services. Key findings from the literature review indicated that internet provides opportunities for tourism businesses to promote and distribute services globally but customers may feel less protected when purchasing from foreign agents.
E Tourism A Study of Tourist Satisfaction Mr. Akshay Nain | Mr. Abhimanyu Awasthi "E-Tourism: A Study of Tourist Satisfaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47697.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/tourism/47697/etourism-a-study-of-tourist-satisfaction/mr-akshay-nain
Guest lecture, delivered to masters students at Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Italy, covering digital marketing, social media, mobile and e-learning technologies. Prepared and delivered April 2011.
How the Mobile Technologies and ICT-s in the Tourism Sector Affect the Social...inventionjournals
Travel today is an activity for millions of people around the world, not only directly related to tourism purposes, but for many other reasons. The past 20 years, the transport sector was significantly upgraded by providing convenience, speed and more facilities, in most cases with relatively low cost. Also, the tourism sector is heavily influenced by information technology and communication (ICT-s) as one of the tools that providers of tourism services are mainly used for marketing and sales purposes. One of the very important effects of tourism is to bring positive results in the social cohesion of the countries where is developed. But the phenomenon that is noticed nowadays is that people from different social groups like young people, elderly and people with disabilities are using ICT massively for planning their holidays, for being informed about the destination where they want to go, for bookings, reservations, payments etc. This article aims to show that the mobile technology and innovations in ICT-s in the tourism sector have positive effects on the social cohesion and the industry itself. Application producers for mobile equipments are providing innovative and practical services which have often very logical prices, attracting millions of users.
E Tourism A Study of Tourist Satisfaction Mr. Akshay Nain | Mr. Abhimanyu Awasthi "E-Tourism: A Study of Tourist Satisfaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47697.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/tourism/47697/etourism-a-study-of-tourist-satisfaction/mr-akshay-nain
Guest lecture, delivered to masters students at Università Ca' Foscari Venezia, Italy, covering digital marketing, social media, mobile and e-learning technologies. Prepared and delivered April 2011.
How the Mobile Technologies and ICT-s in the Tourism Sector Affect the Social...inventionjournals
Travel today is an activity for millions of people around the world, not only directly related to tourism purposes, but for many other reasons. The past 20 years, the transport sector was significantly upgraded by providing convenience, speed and more facilities, in most cases with relatively low cost. Also, the tourism sector is heavily influenced by information technology and communication (ICT-s) as one of the tools that providers of tourism services are mainly used for marketing and sales purposes. One of the very important effects of tourism is to bring positive results in the social cohesion of the countries where is developed. But the phenomenon that is noticed nowadays is that people from different social groups like young people, elderly and people with disabilities are using ICT massively for planning their holidays, for being informed about the destination where they want to go, for bookings, reservations, payments etc. This article aims to show that the mobile technology and innovations in ICT-s in the tourism sector have positive effects on the social cohesion and the industry itself. Application producers for mobile equipments are providing innovative and practical services which have often very logical prices, attracting millions of users.
Consumer Behavior as a Determinant Factor of E-Commerce Development in CameroonDr. Amarjeet Singh
The coming of electronic commerce to Cameroon,
which is an internet way of doing transactions and provision of
goods and services to customers, has spruced up the way
people do things in this country. Businesses and people are
now entitled to get engaged into this way of doing transactions,
which is becoming more and more popular among the
Cameroonians recently. Many old firms and companies are
now trying day after day to reach their customers through this
new way of doing things. While on the other hand, there are
new businesses which are fully relying on electronic commerce
to be able to function and they gradually keep gaining
importance into the Cameroonians daily practices. On the
other hand, we were eager to find out if the Cameroonian
population, all ages, gender, profession, level of education and
more are interested in this new form of business that in some
way or the other changes their daily practices and even beliefs.
The major objective of the study was to find out how these
Cameroonians react to and take this business, if they are
already used to it and what needs to be improved. This study
was made with a survey design in order to collect data from
respondents and a random sampling procedure was used to
represent the entire population. The research established that
a good number of Cameroonians were adopting electronic
commerce for their online transactions like buying of goods
and services and an increase in the trust.
Tecnología móvil: una de las tendencias clave de los viajes de negocio Miguel Cabrera
La compañía Carlson Wagonlit Travel ha analizado las cinco tendencias clave que están transformando el mundo de los viajes corporativos: el uso de la tecnología móvil en la gestión, la personalización de los desplazamientos, la introducción de la economía colaborativa, las nuevas formas de reserva y las últimas soluciones de pago.
The Changing Face of E Commerce in Nigeria Prospects and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
While prior studies focused on the determinants of adoption of e commerce in large scale businesses and organizations, there is a few of empirical research on this issue of acceptance of e commerce in retail shops in emerging economies. This study addresses this lacuna by focusing on the changing faces of e commerce factors driving Nigerian retail shops’ adoption of online selling. A framework based on the extant literature and established model in the relevant field is critically examined in this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The results showed that there is low involvement of consumers in e commerce changes in Nigeria. Secondly, the study also found out that the availability of online shopping does not affect the number of shopping trips that consumers make to physical stores. This finding has implications for e commerce sites and the government in designing an appropriate strategy for the implementation of technological innovation that are highlighted in the study. Dr. Robinson Aristarchus Bananda | Dr. Kennedy O. Nwagwu "The Changing Face of E-Commerce in Nigeria; Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38018/the-changing-face-of-ecommerce-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges/dr-robinson-aristarchus-bananda
Effects of Online Marketing on the Behaviour of Consumers in Selected Online ...inventionjournals
The study examined the influence of efficient online marketing, effective communication, and on-time delivery on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of the three selected online stores in Owerri, Imo State. It was guided by six research questions and six hypotheses. The sample size was 300 respondents two sets of structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Mean statistics was used to analyze the responses of the research questions, while Z-test analysis was applied to test the hypotheses for this study. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study showed that online marketing is a viable marketing communication channel which has significant effect on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of online stores. Based on the findings, it was recommended that companies should ascribe to market their goods and services via online shopping stores and/or develop and launch indigenous websites where customers can make purchases. For further testing of the impact of shopping websites on behaviour of electronic devices buyers, further studies should replicate the theory and methodology used in this study, with other products and websites
Effects of Online Marketing on the Behaviour of Consumers in Selected Online ...inventionjournals
The study examined the influence of efficient online marketing, effective communication, and on-time delivery on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of the three selected online stores in Owerri, Imo State. It was guided by six research questions and six hypotheses. The sample size was 300 respondents two sets of structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Mean statistics was used to analyze the responses of the research questions, while Z-test analysis was applied to test the hypotheses for this study. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study showed that online marketing is a viable marketing communication channel which has significant effect on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of online stores. Based on the findings, it was recommended that companies should ascribe to market their goods and services via online shopping stores and/or develop and launch indigenous websites where customers can make purchases. For further testing of the impact of shopping websites on behaviour of electronic devices buyers, further studies should replicate the theory and methodology used in this study, with other products and websites.
Brochure & Order Form Africa B2C E-Commerce Report 2013_by yStats.comyStats.com
Secondary market research publisher yStats.com has released findings in its “Africa B2C E-Commerce Report – 2013” indicating that the growing Internet penetration, the spread of mobile technology and improvement of payment and delivery infrastructure are factors that can boost E-Commerce on the continent. yStats.com CEO Yücel Yelken states “E-Commerce has a high potential in Africa as the growing middle class seeks more convenient shopping and better price quality, driving local and international Internet merchants to operate in the region.”
Online reviews are an important tool that helps consumers decide regarding a purchase of a product or a service.
Today, more than ever, digital reviews are everywhere and it seems that most of the consumers read online reviews before making a purchase decision.
According to BrightLocal survey, 91% of US consumers ‘regularly’ or ‘occasionally’ read online reviews. Online reviews also increase trust in a business, as long as the reviews are positive: 74% of customers say that a positive review makes them trust a business more, while 60% say a negative review makes them question the quality of a business. Usually consumers will stop looking for another business after having read positive reviews.
Online reviews are used for various types of businesses. Restaurant / café is the most common segment in which people use online reviews before deciding, with 60% of consumers saying that they had read online reviews for this segment. Hospitality comes next, with 40%, and Medical / healthcare comes third with 31%. According to Schieber Research, these numbers are expected to rise significantly for every industry with the integration of reviews into search engines and with companies increasingly encouraging consumer to write reviews, it would be almost impossible to make a decision without reading reviews first.
Consumer Behavior as a Determinant Factor of E-Commerce Development in CameroonDr. Amarjeet Singh
The coming of electronic commerce to Cameroon,
which is an internet way of doing transactions and provision of
goods and services to customers, has spruced up the way
people do things in this country. Businesses and people are
now entitled to get engaged into this way of doing transactions,
which is becoming more and more popular among the
Cameroonians recently. Many old firms and companies are
now trying day after day to reach their customers through this
new way of doing things. While on the other hand, there are
new businesses which are fully relying on electronic commerce
to be able to function and they gradually keep gaining
importance into the Cameroonians daily practices. On the
other hand, we were eager to find out if the Cameroonian
population, all ages, gender, profession, level of education and
more are interested in this new form of business that in some
way or the other changes their daily practices and even beliefs.
The major objective of the study was to find out how these
Cameroonians react to and take this business, if they are
already used to it and what needs to be improved. This study
was made with a survey design in order to collect data from
respondents and a random sampling procedure was used to
represent the entire population. The research established that
a good number of Cameroonians were adopting electronic
commerce for their online transactions like buying of goods
and services and an increase in the trust.
Tecnología móvil: una de las tendencias clave de los viajes de negocio Miguel Cabrera
La compañía Carlson Wagonlit Travel ha analizado las cinco tendencias clave que están transformando el mundo de los viajes corporativos: el uso de la tecnología móvil en la gestión, la personalización de los desplazamientos, la introducción de la economía colaborativa, las nuevas formas de reserva y las últimas soluciones de pago.
The Changing Face of E Commerce in Nigeria Prospects and ChallengesYogeshIJTSRD
While prior studies focused on the determinants of adoption of e commerce in large scale businesses and organizations, there is a few of empirical research on this issue of acceptance of e commerce in retail shops in emerging economies. This study addresses this lacuna by focusing on the changing faces of e commerce factors driving Nigerian retail shops’ adoption of online selling. A framework based on the extant literature and established model in the relevant field is critically examined in this study. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and analyzed using frequency and percentage. The results showed that there is low involvement of consumers in e commerce changes in Nigeria. Secondly, the study also found out that the availability of online shopping does not affect the number of shopping trips that consumers make to physical stores. This finding has implications for e commerce sites and the government in designing an appropriate strategy for the implementation of technological innovation that are highlighted in the study. Dr. Robinson Aristarchus Bananda | Dr. Kennedy O. Nwagwu "The Changing Face of E-Commerce in Nigeria; Prospects and Challenges" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-3 , April 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38018.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/management/marketing/38018/the-changing-face-of-ecommerce-in-nigeria-prospects-and-challenges/dr-robinson-aristarchus-bananda
Effects of Online Marketing on the Behaviour of Consumers in Selected Online ...inventionjournals
The study examined the influence of efficient online marketing, effective communication, and on-time delivery on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of the three selected online stores in Owerri, Imo State. It was guided by six research questions and six hypotheses. The sample size was 300 respondents two sets of structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Mean statistics was used to analyze the responses of the research questions, while Z-test analysis was applied to test the hypotheses for this study. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study showed that online marketing is a viable marketing communication channel which has significant effect on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of online stores. Based on the findings, it was recommended that companies should ascribe to market their goods and services via online shopping stores and/or develop and launch indigenous websites where customers can make purchases. For further testing of the impact of shopping websites on behaviour of electronic devices buyers, further studies should replicate the theory and methodology used in this study, with other products and websites
Effects of Online Marketing on the Behaviour of Consumers in Selected Online ...inventionjournals
The study examined the influence of efficient online marketing, effective communication, and on-time delivery on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of the three selected online stores in Owerri, Imo State. It was guided by six research questions and six hypotheses. The sample size was 300 respondents two sets of structured questionnaire were used for data collection. Mean statistics was used to analyze the responses of the research questions, while Z-test analysis was applied to test the hypotheses for this study. A Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software was used to analyse the data. The findings of the study showed that online marketing is a viable marketing communication channel which has significant effect on the regularity of visits and consumer patronage of online stores. Based on the findings, it was recommended that companies should ascribe to market their goods and services via online shopping stores and/or develop and launch indigenous websites where customers can make purchases. For further testing of the impact of shopping websites on behaviour of electronic devices buyers, further studies should replicate the theory and methodology used in this study, with other products and websites.
Brochure & Order Form Africa B2C E-Commerce Report 2013_by yStats.comyStats.com
Secondary market research publisher yStats.com has released findings in its “Africa B2C E-Commerce Report – 2013” indicating that the growing Internet penetration, the spread of mobile technology and improvement of payment and delivery infrastructure are factors that can boost E-Commerce on the continent. yStats.com CEO Yücel Yelken states “E-Commerce has a high potential in Africa as the growing middle class seeks more convenient shopping and better price quality, driving local and international Internet merchants to operate in the region.”
Online reviews are an important tool that helps consumers decide regarding a purchase of a product or a service.
Today, more than ever, digital reviews are everywhere and it seems that most of the consumers read online reviews before making a purchase decision.
According to BrightLocal survey, 91% of US consumers ‘regularly’ or ‘occasionally’ read online reviews. Online reviews also increase trust in a business, as long as the reviews are positive: 74% of customers say that a positive review makes them trust a business more, while 60% say a negative review makes them question the quality of a business. Usually consumers will stop looking for another business after having read positive reviews.
Online reviews are used for various types of businesses. Restaurant / café is the most common segment in which people use online reviews before deciding, with 60% of consumers saying that they had read online reviews for this segment. Hospitality comes next, with 40%, and Medical / healthcare comes third with 31%. According to Schieber Research, these numbers are expected to rise significantly for every industry with the integration of reviews into search engines and with companies increasingly encouraging consumer to write reviews, it would be almost impossible to make a decision without reading reviews first.
Hamilton King - Flood Safety Tips - It's important to know what to do before, during and after a storm to stay safe and minimise the damage to your property. In the UK, flooding has become such a problem that the government has had to step in so that residents can find affordable flood insurance. To learn more about the flood problems and the new 'Flood Re' scheme visit http://www.hamiltonkingmanagement.org.uk/new-scheme-promises-to-increase-access-to-flood-insurance/
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismSantosConleyha
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismBenitoSumpter862
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
Improving the Information System of Tourist Destinations in the Context of th...ijtsrd
This article discusses how Uzbekistan may improve its smart tourism and tourism information infrastructure of tourist destinations. Because of the technological services supplied to passengers before, during, and after their journey, smart tourism is a terrific way to save not only money, but also nerves and valuable time. The authors remarks, conclusions, and recommendations are included in the paper, as well as an analysis of the pertinent data. Nosirova U. M. "Improving the Information System of Tourist Destinations in the Context of the Digitalization of the Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47690.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47690/improving-the-information-system-of-tourist-destinations-in-the-context-of-the-digitalization-of-the-economy/nosirova-u-m
Digital transformation in the Tourism Sector - University Of Salford ManchesterEmre Dirlik
In this report, the first phase of the digital business and entrepreneurship module within the digital business division of Salford University, Digital Business: Sector Investigation and Infographic, research will be conducted, analysis and information will be provided on the Tourism industry.
In this direction, it includes the strategic contributions to the sector by critically reviewing the tourism sector and evaluating the value and benefits of digital transformation in the sector. In addition, the report includes the infographic of the tourism sector by analyzing information from business owners and suppliers using Bloomberg, SWOT and sector reports.
In the report, the current environment required for digital transformation was reviewed in the tourism sector and the vuca technique was used to characterize leadership.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of mobile phone, land phone and internet (ICTs) on sales, market performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities in the hospitality sector of tourism in the tourist city of Livingstone in Zambia. The study used multiple regression models to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study found that there was positive impact of ICTs usage on sales, marketing performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities. The study found negative relationship between internet and profitability of the firm due to higher costs of internet access. The study suggested that the firms should work together as a pool to reduce internet costs, such as, the use of trivago.co.zm; booking.co.zm; hotels.com; agoda.com; expedia.com; etc.
UNWTO Report: Online guest reviews and hotel classification sytemsDavid Vicent
Very nice report about the relationship between online reputation and the classic hotel classification system perception nowadays. Are the 3* Hotels where 3* Experiences happen? . The main importance of demand perception among our offer.
The Importance of Digital Technologies and Virtual Systems in the World of Mo...ijtsrd
This article provides information on the role of innovation in tourism development, the reliance of the tourism business on modern scientific developments and technological solutions, innovative initiatives in the tourism industry, processes, exploration and development of new markets. Ergashev R. X. | Zuhra Jabbarova "The Importance of Digital Technologies and Virtual Systems in the World of Modern Tourism" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49551.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/other-scientific-research-area/other/49551/the-importance-of-digital-technologies-and-virtual-systems-in-the-world-of-modern-tourism/ergashev-r-x
Digital Marketing Mix Strategies in the Tourism Industry in Zimbabwe: A Masvi...Dr. Amarjeet Singh
Digitalization is considered as the veritable vehicle
of transformation for the tourism industry marketing in this
age of the internet economy. It influences all business
marketing processes before, during and after a tourism trip
in a profoundly revolutionary way. Information distribution
is quicker, better, and cheaper regardless of geographical and
time limitation due to digitalization. The digital marketing
mix, which consists of eproduct, eprice, eplace, epromotion,
eprocess, epeople, and ephysical evidence, is a powerful tool
in revolutionizing tourism marketing management globally
including in Zimbabwe. The aim of the study was to examine
the level of use and adoption of digital marketing mix
strategies in the tourism industry’s accommodation sector in
Masvingo, Zimbabwe. This study adopted a qualitative
research design approach with twenty purposively selected
key informants from the tourism industry in and around
Masvingo Urban. The sample had managers and marketing
managers of hotels and lodges who were respondents in the
study. Interviews and analysis of digital platforms were the
data collection methods. Data was thematically analyzed. The
major finding is that the level of adoption and use of digital
marketing mix strategies is varied and generally low. Most
players still rely more on the traditional analogue marketing
mix strategies. The paper recommends the tourism industry
in Masvingo to fully adopt and utilize digital marketing mix
strategies for them to achieve customer satisfaction and
profitability.
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.
Falcon stands out as a top-tier P2P Invoice Discounting platform in India, bridging esteemed blue-chip companies and eager investors. Our goal is to transform the investment landscape in India by establishing a comprehensive destination for borrowers and investors with diverse profiles and needs, all while minimizing risk. What sets Falcon apart is the elimination of intermediaries such as commercial banks and depository institutions, allowing investors to enjoy higher yields.
India Orthopedic Devices Market: Unlocking Growth Secrets, Trends and Develop...Kumar Satyam
According to TechSci Research report, “India Orthopedic Devices Market -Industry Size, Share, Trends, Competition Forecast & Opportunities, 2030”, the India Orthopedic Devices Market stood at USD 1,280.54 Million in 2024 and is anticipated to grow with a CAGR of 7.84% in the forecast period, 2026-2030F. The India Orthopedic Devices Market is being driven by several factors. The most prominent ones include an increase in the elderly population, who are more prone to orthopedic conditions such as osteoporosis and arthritis. Moreover, the rise in sports injuries and road accidents are also contributing to the demand for orthopedic devices. Advances in technology and the introduction of innovative implants and prosthetics have further propelled the market growth. Additionally, government initiatives aimed at improving healthcare infrastructure and the increasing prevalence of lifestyle diseases have led to an upward trend in orthopedic surgeries, thereby fueling the market demand for these devices.
Premium MEAN Stack Development Solutions for Modern BusinessesSynapseIndia
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Enterprise Excellence is Inclusive Excellence.pdfKaiNexus
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Enterprise Excellence is a holistic approach that's aimed at achieving world-class performance across all aspects of the organization.
What might I learn?
A way to engage all in creating Inclusive Excellence. Lessons from the US military and their parallels to the story of Harry Potter. How belt systems and CI teams can destroy inclusive practices. How leadership language invites people to the party. There are three things leaders can do to engage everyone every day: maximizing psychological safety to create environments where folks learn, contribute, and challenge the status quo.
Who might benefit? Anyone and everyone leading folks from the shop floor to top floor.
Dr. William Harvey is a seasoned Operations Leader with extensive experience in chemical processing, manufacturing, and operations management. At Michelman, he currently oversees multiple sites, leading teams in strategic planning and coaching/practicing continuous improvement. William is set to start his eighth year of teaching at the University of Cincinnati where he teaches marketing, finance, and management. William holds various certifications in change management, quality, leadership, operational excellence, team building, and DiSC, among others.
Remote sensing and monitoring are changing the mining industry for the better. These are providing innovative solutions to long-standing challenges. Those related to exploration, extraction, and overall environmental management by mining technology companies Odisha. These technologies make use of satellite imaging, aerial photography and sensors to collect data that might be inaccessible or from hazardous locations. With the use of this technology, mining operations are becoming increasingly efficient. Let us gain more insight into the key aspects associated with remote sensing and monitoring when it comes to mining.
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It is crucial for the taxpayers to understand about the TDS Return Filing Due Date, so that they can fulfill your TDS obligations efficiently. Taxpayers can avoid penalties by sticking to the deadlines and by accurate filing of TDS. Timely filing of TDS will make sure about the availability of tax credits. You can also seek the professional guidance of experts like Legal Pillers for timely filing of the TDS Return.
2. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
agencies in Albania. The findings of the study will contribute to a better understanding of electronic
services on touristic agencies websites and confirm in general the usefulness, with suggestions for
improving websites according to customer needs. In addition, this research provides
recommendations for touristic agencies and professionals on how to build well-constructed and
effective websites in order to have a powerful tool for marketing.
2. STUDY METHODOLOGY
2.1 Sampling Procedure
For the purpose of this study, was used the directory of the travel agencies published in the
website of Tourism National Agency in Albania, (http://www.akt.gov.al). The directory contains the
top 125 touristic agencies in Albania, with different level of operational capabilities. Some touristic
agencies operate within Albania while others are registered for both domestic and international
travel. Out of the 125 travel agencies, we select a total sample of 60 agencies which had developed
their website. Search engines, Google and (http://www.akt.gov.al) were used to find the
corresponding websites. As the site performance may be influenced by the type of browser, computer
speed, internet speed, and time of a day, these external factors were controlled when conducting the
content analyses of the sites.
Special attention was paid to primary research conducted with final customer through the
Internet which is a novelty for this study. In order to get answers from the consumer 190
questionnaires' were distributed to consumers of touristic agencies. The questionnaires contain four
sections within 28 questions in total. The main aim of questions of first section was to provide
consumer demographic information: age, gender, profession, incomes, education. The aim of the
second section was to provide computer and Internet usage information. The third section of
questionnaires was design to provide information about customer perception towards 14 electronic
services offered by websites of touristic agencies using a five point Likert scale.
3. LITERATURE REVIEW
3.1. The definition of internet marketing.
Studies on the role and impact of the Internet have been conducted in recent years,
particularly in the area of advertising and marketing. The Internet has proven to be an effective
means of marketing, advertising, distributing goods, and information services. The Web is both the
biggest challenge and the biggest opportunity for touristic agencies in a long time. The aggressive
global growth of e-commerce is captivating. Although media attention has been more squarely
focused on social media, the rapid growth of e-commerce is truly remarkable. Over 86% of all Web
users worldwide have made at least one online purchase. That represents a 40% increase in the past
two years, and it includes a staggering 93% of all Web users in Europe and 92% of Web users in
North America. SOURCE: Nielsen Global Online Survey, Nielsen, Jan. 2008.
Internet marketing is a process of building and maintaining customer relationship through online
activities to facilitate the exchange of ideas, products, and services that satisfy the goals of both
parties. (Internet marketing. Building advantages in networked economy. Rafi.Mohammed; Robert J.
Fisher; Bernard J. Jaworski; Gordon J. Paddison, p.4, 2004)
E-commerce is the buying and selling of services through any electronic medium. For our purposes,
we focus on e-commerce as it exists on the Web, where sites provide the ability to shop for, research,
and purchase products via electronic payment transaction (either directly through their site or
through a third-party payment processing site). Principles of Internet Marketing, New Tools and
Methods for web Developers, Jason Miletsky, p.299, 2009)
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3. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
Tourism industry is a very fragmented and an information-rich business, which makes it especially
receptive for the benefits that the internet offers. One of the characteristics of tourism products is that
it is intangible, in other words, they can’t be sampled before the purchase decision is made. The
information-based nature of the tourism products means that the Internet, which offers global reach
and multimedia capability, is an ideal communication vehicle for promoting and distributing tourism
products and services.
3.2 The modern features of the European tourist market.
The most important modern features of the European tourist market as a result of the
development of electronic technologies,- could be systematized as follows:
• increasing the level of complexity the competition on the market;
• offering products simplified to the most, because the only determining element is their price;
• increasing the sales of two-component travel in the net (airplane ticket and accommodation;
accommodation and rent-a-car);
• increased number of buyers who purchase from foreign intermediaries;
• tourists are less protected, especially when they buy from foreign agents, because of the differences
in national legislations.
There are few studies about, how Internet had changed traditional tourism industry in developed
countries. Furthermore there are only a few researches into the classification of electronic services in
websites of tourism agencies in Albania. Some publications of results do exist but they do not
specifically address tourism websites.
4. THE ONLINE PRESENCE OF TOURISTIC AGENCIES IN ALBANIA.
Evaluation of websites has been the focus of many empirical studies. Despite of this results of
research and researchers vary according to different studies. Most of them emphasize the presence of
more than a billion pages on the Internet. Websites are become part of the market space and
communication. They offer great opportunities for companies round the world. However,
organizations today have to balanced opportunities and constraints offered by the internet. According
to Sterne, the company's online presence results for two main reasons: First, the perceived need to be
in touch with customers or competitors, in terms of image design and provision of services. Second,
Internet is a vital tool for marketing activities of the organization. Touristic agencies use a variety of
published and computer-based sources for information on departure and arrival times, fares, hotels
accommodations, different kind of offers or promotions. Touristic agencies who primarily work for
tour operators and other travel arrangers may help develop, arrange, and sell the company's own
package tours and travel services. They may promote these services, using telemarketing, direct mail,
and the Internet. Things have changed dramatically over the past several years in terms of website
design and electronic services in it. Today some touristic agency websites are starting to find other
uses of their websites, such as providing interactive functions and personalizing and customizing its
contents based on the characteristics of their target markets. Touristic agencies have come to realize
that their websites serve as extended office to their customers and represent the quality of their
products and services as well as their reputation. Agencies are trying to introduce new electronic
services to attract and maintain the consumers. The Albanian tourism industry has developed its
online services and obtained some initial experience. Albania has a different tourism ecommerce
development environment in which barriers and challenges are still present. This also applies for
Albania and was clearly shown in the results of the internet user’s field research, where 52 % of the
respondents said that they have used the internet to find information about tourist services. In the
beginning, touristic agency websites were simply used as an ‘online brochure’, in other words,
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4. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
providing static information for the online consumers to view. The National Agency of Tourism of
Albania, has started its activity since the year 2005 and serve as main online directory for touristic
agencies, hotels, restaurants, night club, guesthouse, etc. At the beginning of 2013 there were 125
touristic agencies in Albania. According to content analyze, the number of agencies who had built
their presence on line is growing up. The number of agencies is growing up during 2010-2013. The
touristic agencies are focus towards online presence. From 2011 to 2013 the number of agencies who
has built their presence online is growing about 10%.
Years
Agencies number
Website& e-Mail
Only E-mail
None of them
Table 1. Albanian Touristic Agencies
2010
2011
2012
104
113
120
38%
43 %
45%
58%
53%
51 %
15%
12 %
12 %
2013 (July)
125
48%
43%
9%
5. CONSUMER PERCEPTIONS TOWARDS ELECTRONIC SERVICES.
5.1 Consumer Profile. As mentioned above the number of Internet users has grown enormously
recently. This growing trend is also evident in Albania. This trend is accompanied by increasing
people's confidence in doing business online. Table 2 shows the customer profile by age, sex,
educational level, nationality and frequency of e-services. The characteristics of these respondents
were similar to Internet user profiles gathered in other studies.
Table 2. Demographic Data
Demographic Data
AGE Younger than 20 years
20-35 years
36-50 years
More than 50 years
GENDER Male
Female
EDUCATION Secondary School
High School
Professional Education
University Bachelor
University Master
Higher than Master (PhD candidate, PhD, other)
Other
INCOMES
Under 300$
301 – 500$
Over 500$
Frequently of use e-services of touristic agencies
Less than a year
13 years
4- 6 years
More than 6 years
NATIONALITY Albanian, Macedonia, Greece, Kosovo.
European nationalities (e.g., French, German, British, Italian, etc.)
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Percentage of respondents
9.2%
29%
33.6%
28.2%
42%
58%
4.9%
27.2%
6.0%
40.8%
15.4%
3.5%
2.2%
15%
46%
39%
14%
42%
34%
10%
92%
8.0%
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Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
5.2 Customer perception towards electronic services
The third section of questionnaires was design to provide information about what are the
most influential e-service in websites of touristic agencies by the customer perspective using a five
point Likert scale. Table 3 presents the most important electronic services listed by respondents. The
results of web-based survey with customer of touristic agencies found that 14 selected electronic
services in the study constitute a reliable profile of electronic services offered by websites of tourist
agencies. Information, purchase and reservation online are the most important features of a website.
As it seen from the table, the electronic services that are perceived more important by respondents
with higher average are informative aspects of the website, so information for the agency, products
and tourist destinations as well as the opportunity for online transactions and payments, than
interactive features. Consumers are aware that all touristic agencies make every effort to provide
secure transactions through their websites. They have increased and diversified their electronic
services to meet customer needs as well as possible. The quality of the presence of a destination in
the internet (easiness to find and access content, structure, design etc.) is nowadays of crucial
importance and constitutes a selection criterion.
Table 3. Electronic Services
Electronic Services
Rank
Average of importance
1
Information for touristic destination
4.8
2
Safety and security
4.8
3
4
Information for touristic agencies
Online payment
4.6
4.6
5
Online order tracking and reservation
4.6
6
Products catalog
4.4
7
Product personalization
4.4
8
Location features
4.2
9
10
Website-s map
Direct links with other site-s
4.0
4.0
11
Direct links with other sites
3.9
12
Website Customization
3.8
13
Search engine (browser)
3.8
14
Visual aspects
3.7
15
FAQ-s, Chat room, guest book, etc
3.5
If we summarize these services to broad category we can say that the information, transaction
and interaction categories are estimated as most important for the consumer. The information
category, in other words, this is an additional channel of marketing strategies, offering the
company’s information online. The transaction and interaction categories are the broadest and most
complex ecommerce application since they enables the company to process multiple tasks such as
online sales, online orders, online delivery (especially for digital products) and online payment. The
technical and design categories are considered less important by the consumer but they are estimated
positively too.
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6. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
The broad category
Information Category
Transaction Category
Interaction Category
Technical Category
Design Category
Mean
Standard deviation
4.5093
4.4352
4.4092
4.0133
3.7878
0.43568
0.52161
0.54568
0.63154
0.75207
6. KEY FINDINGS
The number of websites continues to grow up and the touristic agencies are looking for the
better ways in order to satisfy the consumer’s needs. The ability of websites to attract customers will
become increasingly critical for business survival.
The results show that online touristic agencies in Albania have mainly moderate level of
website development. The content of the websites sometimes is not well designed. Generally, the
designers of the websites will take in account some critical details such as what are the customer’s
needs and how can attract them to our sites. The pages are so filled with massive duties and
sometime are poor of information or online service which customer really expect to get.
Some websites are not update. This is a big problem for the websites users.
Some touristic agencies have used heavy videos as their front-page, but sometime this is not a
good choice due of the technical problems in loading the page.
The key factor for developing a successful website is to correctly define user needs or
requirements. Some touristic agencies websites are not satisfactory. Therefore, as obtaining
information is still the main aim of web users so improving the quality and level of web information
are major tasks for touristic agencies.
About 10% of touristic agencies websites are constantly under construction, or even inactive,
as mentioned in the focus groups discussions and also confirmed during the field research. On the
contrary, the others (professional websites) show much better results, mainly due to their personal
involvement and close following up of technological developments.
7. CONCLUSIONS
Tourism is characterized by a large amount of data so travel agencies can benefit from the use
of internet marketing techniques to reach their target market.
The intensity and pressure of competition both domestically and abroad appeal for
differentiation through electronic services to provide competitive advantages. The main purpose of
online touristic agencies is to provide, communicate and deliver value to their customers. This will
be accomplished through differentiation strategies, thus providing a high value on customer activities
on the website. Touristic agencies sector already understands the role and importance of electronic
service distribution for their customers. By improving the quality of electronic services touristic
agencies are able to obtain competitive advantages and differentiate their offerings in the market.
The field of electronic services in touristic agencies websites remains subject to study and this will
be reflected in the knowledge and practice of their managers. The most important electronic services
for the customers ( as perceived by them) are : information about the product / service , booking and
online payments, security of transactions and after sales services. As online consumers are not able
to see or touch characteristics of tourism products or services, agencies must provide superior value
for their electronic services. However, it is important to mention the reputation of the agency or the
prices of products / services.
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7. International Journal of Management (IJM), ISSN 0976 – 6502(Print), ISSN 0976 - 6510(Online),
Volume 4, Issue 5, September - October (2013)
8. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE RESEARCH DIRECTIONS
There are some limitations to the current study. First, of all the sample of respondents was
focused mainly on website users in Albania. The participants in this study may possess attributes and
behaviors that differ from the potential users. The level of respondents, satisfy the inquiries of SPSS
program. In the future the number of respondent will be dublicate.
Next, as mentioned earlier in the data collection section, it was impossible to send follow-up surveys.
In this research we focus on respondents who used a vary actions on internet. In future research we
will focus on specific service quality dimensions. Their perception about services quality may differ
from the other part of consumer who takes different actions like, gathering information or “take a
look”. These are more interested about the information, website configuration and easy of
navigation.
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