The tourism industry has experienced significant growth over the past 60 years, with international tourist arrivals growing from 25 million in 1950 to over 800 million in 2005. Technology has played a key role in this growth by reducing geographical barriers through innovations in transportation and communication. Looking ahead, international tourist arrivals are projected to reach 1.8 billion by 2030. Technologies like the internet, mobile phones, and applications are increasingly important for the tourism sector and have transformed how people plan, book, and experience travel. Augmented reality in particular holds great potential to enhance tourism experiences through virtual information overlaid on the real world.
Travel technology (also called tourism technology, and hospitality automation) is the application of Information Technology (IT) or Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in the travel, tourism and hospitality industry. One form of travel technology is flight tracking.
eTourism can be defined as the analysis, design, implementation and application of IT and e-commerce solutions in the travel&tourism industry; as well as the analysis of the respective economic processes and market structures and customer relationship management.
Many travelers take some form of mobile communication device with them on the road, whether it is a tablet computer or a mobile phone. To keep customers advised of changes many tourism and hospitality businesses use mobile communication; they send delay notices, offer deals and sponsor location-based advertising. Depending on the type of business the communication might happen through emails, text messaging or GPS tagging, for example.
Travel technology (also called tourism technology, and hospitality automation) is the application of Information Technology (IT) or Information and Communications Technology (ICT) in the travel, tourism and hospitality industry. One form of travel technology is flight tracking.
eTourism can be defined as the analysis, design, implementation and application of IT and e-commerce solutions in the travel&tourism industry; as well as the analysis of the respective economic processes and market structures and customer relationship management.
Many travelers take some form of mobile communication device with them on the road, whether it is a tablet computer or a mobile phone. To keep customers advised of changes many tourism and hospitality businesses use mobile communication; they send delay notices, offer deals and sponsor location-based advertising. Depending on the type of business the communication might happen through emails, text messaging or GPS tagging, for example.
Role of technology in Travel & Tourism IndustryAxis Softech
Axis Softech is a renowned travel technology company in India, the company has its presence in market since 2005, and its head office is located in Delhi. Axis Softech offers versatile online travel products to travel agents, travel agencies, travel corporates, tour operators; holiday package provider’s etc.The business model of the company is to offer B2C, B2B, B2E, and B2B2C online travel products to these offline players to bring their business online.
This presentation covers (1) Social impact of tourism; (2) Effects of globalization on tourism development; (3) Sex tourism and exploitation of women; and (4) Trends and issues shaping tourism and hospitality development.
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismSantosConleyha
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismBenitoSumpter862
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
Role of technology in Travel & Tourism IndustryAxis Softech
Axis Softech is a renowned travel technology company in India, the company has its presence in market since 2005, and its head office is located in Delhi. Axis Softech offers versatile online travel products to travel agents, travel agencies, travel corporates, tour operators; holiday package provider’s etc.The business model of the company is to offer B2C, B2B, B2E, and B2B2C online travel products to these offline players to bring their business online.
This presentation covers (1) Social impact of tourism; (2) Effects of globalization on tourism development; (3) Sex tourism and exploitation of women; and (4) Trends and issues shaping tourism and hospitality development.
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismSantosConleyha
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
11Proposal Part One - Part 1 Influence of Internet on TourismBenitoSumpter862
11
Proposal Part One - Part 1: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Research Proposal: Influence of Internet on Tourism Industry
Introduction
The tourism industry has been among the best-valued sectors within the nation to generate massive revenue for the government. Besides, the industry is considered among the earliest since it started several decades ago. For an extended period, the industry uses Integrated Marketing Communications to promote their various products and services to the entire world. The introduction of technology in the industry leads to improvements in the sectors. Most individuals without extensive information on the tourism industry can access the data in their comfort zones. It implies that IT and internet technology play a significant role in ensuring effective strategy due to its existence globally.
Most European countries have tried to promote and implement internet technology in ensuring satisfactory delivery of products and services (Kayumovich, 2020). Since it has a custom within the tourism and hotel industry to provide intangible products and services, including but not limited to services alongside comfort, the internet has been an effective method of delivering its messages to the targeted customers. Also, through internet technology, the industry has achieved more customers in the global market, including the European market. The promotion of branding within the European tourism industry has been effective due to the introduction and implementation of internet technology. Thus, the internet is believed to significantly influence the tourism industry in various sectors, including but limited to infrastructure, travel, alongside the marketing sector. Before introducing the internet alongside the IT, travelling of customers was dangerous and unpleasant since travellers had constraint understanding of locations they were visiting.
As a result, the existing vacationers of time had limited knowledge of the cultures and terrain alongside the climate change and patterns necessary to stimulate the travelling issues. Therefore, tourism sectors, including but not limited to tour companies, travel agencies and other like hotels, had developed strategies necessary to promote booking and reservation processes (David-Negre et al. 2018). However, several decades ago, popular sites were visited by tourists. It implies that the tourism sectors within the local or remote area faced challenges of securing sufficient clients as people were could not define the destination. Also, shortage of information on a particular region leads to reduced travelling by visitors. The research involved the utilization of relevant literature review on the subject matter to provide factual information. Therefore, the report offers adequate information on the influence of the internet on the tourism industry. This research would give me the stage to show my finding and view and also propose how the internet can be leveraged to an extend i ...
How the Mobile Technologies and ICT-s in the Tourism Sector Affect the Social...inventionjournals
Travel today is an activity for millions of people around the world, not only directly related to tourism purposes, but for many other reasons. The past 20 years, the transport sector was significantly upgraded by providing convenience, speed and more facilities, in most cases with relatively low cost. Also, the tourism sector is heavily influenced by information technology and communication (ICT-s) as one of the tools that providers of tourism services are mainly used for marketing and sales purposes. One of the very important effects of tourism is to bring positive results in the social cohesion of the countries where is developed. But the phenomenon that is noticed nowadays is that people from different social groups like young people, elderly and people with disabilities are using ICT massively for planning their holidays, for being informed about the destination where they want to go, for bookings, reservations, payments etc. This article aims to show that the mobile technology and innovations in ICT-s in the tourism sector have positive effects on the social cohesion and the industry itself. Application producers for mobile equipments are providing innovative and practical services which have often very logical prices, attracting millions of users.
This study aimed to investigate the impact of mobile phone, land phone and internet (ICTs) on sales, market performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities in the hospitality sector of tourism in the tourist city of Livingstone in Zambia. The study used multiple regression models to find out the relationship between dependent and independent variables. The study found that there was positive impact of ICTs usage on sales, marketing performance, room occupancy, profitability and credit facilities. The study found negative relationship between internet and profitability of the firm due to higher costs of internet access. The study suggested that the firms should work together as a pool to reduce internet costs, such as, the use of trivago.co.zm; booking.co.zm; hotels.com; agoda.com; expedia.com; etc.
E Tourism A Study of Tourist Satisfaction Mr. Akshay Nain | Mr. Abhimanyu Awasthi "E-Tourism: A Study of Tourist Satisfaction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47697.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/humanities-and-the-arts/tourism/47697/etourism-a-study-of-tourist-satisfaction/mr-akshay-nain
Digital transformation in the Tourism Sector - University Of Salford ManchesterEmre Dirlik
In this report, the first phase of the digital business and entrepreneurship module within the digital business division of Salford University, Digital Business: Sector Investigation and Infographic, research will be conducted, analysis and information will be provided on the Tourism industry.
In this direction, it includes the strategic contributions to the sector by critically reviewing the tourism sector and evaluating the value and benefits of digital transformation in the sector. In addition, the report includes the infographic of the tourism sector by analyzing information from business owners and suppliers using Bloomberg, SWOT and sector reports.
In the report, the current environment required for digital transformation was reviewed in the tourism sector and the vuca technique was used to characterize leadership.
Improving the Information System of Tourist Destinations in the Context of th...ijtsrd
This article discusses how Uzbekistan may improve its smart tourism and tourism information infrastructure of tourist destinations. Because of the technological services supplied to passengers before, during, and after their journey, smart tourism is a terrific way to save not only money, but also nerves and valuable time. The authors remarks, conclusions, and recommendations are included in the paper, as well as an analysis of the pertinent data. Nosirova U. M. "Improving the Information System of Tourist Destinations in the Context of the Digitalization of the Economy" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47690.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/economics/other/47690/improving-the-information-system-of-tourist-destinations-in-the-context-of-the-digitalization-of-the-economy/nosirova-u-m
Travel agents are re-inventing themselves and dong value-add to the “new normal”. In fact, the travel agents have not only reinforced but also expanded their spectrum of offerings, having logged into the online networks’ USPs by embracing the system and adding that “extra”.
Presentation covering the subject of regions digitalisation. Regardless of, the region being: mountain valley, small Indian ocean island, or city tour destination - your guest of 21 century is digital, and you have to be ready!
TRAVEL TO MT. RWENZORI NATIONAL PARK WITH NILE ABENTEUER SAFARIS.docxnileabenteuersafaris
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Antarctica- Icy wilderness of extremes and wondertahreemzahra82
In this presentation, we delve into the captivating realm of Antarctica, Earth's southernmost continent. This icy wilderness stands as a testament to extremes, with record-breaking cold temperatures and vast expanses of pristine ice. Antarctica's landscape is dominated by towering glaciers, colossal icebergs, and expansive ice shelves. Yet, amidst this frozen expanse, a rich tapestry of unique wildlife thrives, including penguins, seals, and seabirds, all finely attuned to survive in this harsh environment. Beyond its natural wonders, Antarctica also serves as a vital hub for scientific exploration, providing invaluable insights into climate change and the Earth's history
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How to change name on Volaris ticket? This is one of the most common questions asked by travelers flying with Volaris Airlines. The mentioned details can help you with your name rectification on the airline ticket. If you are still facing difficulties call the consolidation desk at +1-800-865-1848.
The Cherry Blossom season in Hunza begins in the second week of March and lasts until the end of April, varying with altitude. During this enchanting period, tourists from around the world flock to Hunza Valley to witness its transformation into a vibrant tapestry of white, pink, and green. The valley comes alive with cherry blossoms, creating a picturesque and mesmerizing landscape that captivates visitors.
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The Cherry Blossom season in Hunza starts in the second week of March and extends until the end of April, depending on the altitude. During this enchanting period, tourists from around the globe travel to Hunza Valley to witness its transformation into a vibrant tapestry of white, pink, and green. The valley comes alive with cherry blossoms, creating a picturesque and mesmerizing landscape that captivates all who visit. For the best experience, join Hunza Adventure Tours, the top tour company in Pakistan, and immerse yourself in this breathtaking seasonal spectacle.
2. Tourism Industry : Growth &
Prospects
Over the past six decades, tourism has experienced continued expansion and
diversification, becoming one of the largest and fastest-growing economic sectors
in the world.
The number of international arrivals shows an evolution from a mere 25 million
international arrivals in 1950 to an estimated 806 million in 2005, corresponding to
an average annual growth rate of 6.5%.
According to Tourism Towards 2030, UNWTO‟s recently updated, long-term outlook
and assessment of future tourism trends, the number of international tourist arrivals
worldwide is expected to increase by 3.3% a year on average from 2010 to 2030.
This represents some 43 million more international tourist arrivals every year,
reaching a total of 1.8 billion arrivals by 2030.
Based on the information from countries with data available, tourism‟s contribution
to worldwide gross domestic product (GDP) is estimated at some 5%. Tourism‟s
contribution to employment tends to be slightly higher and is estimated in the order
of 6-7% of the overall number of jobs worldwide (direct and indirect).
For advanced, diversified economies, the contribution of tourism to GDP ranges
from approximately 2% for countries where tourism is a comparatively small sector,
to over 10% for countries where tourism is an important pillar of the economy. For
small islands and developing countries, the weight of tourism can be even larger,
accounting for up to 25% in some destinations.
3. Technology : An indispensible
element
Technology has always had an important bearing on the growth &
prospects of this sector.
Innovations in transportation and communication technologies have
rendered geographical barriers rather meaningless.
The importance of information technology in tourism, especially of the
World Wide Web, has increased tremendously over the past years and
this trend will certainly continue.
There are currently an estimated 1.8 billion internet users globally. There
has been substantial growth in all world regions, with regions like Africa
and the Middle East both recording growth of over 1,600% in the last 9
years.
Asia and the Pacific remain in the top position with over 760 million,
representing over 40% of the total worldwide online population.
Accordingly, various high tech information and communication
technologies are in use in the tourism sector around the world. They are
used for tourism product development, marketing, distribution and
training of tourism sector personnel.
These technologies are so indispensable in order to find out and satisfy
the ever-changing demands for tourism products.
4. Tourism Industry: Components
Attraction Accommodation
Transportation Advertising
Components
Attraction sector which
comprises manmade and
natural attractions which are
developed to satisfy visitors
educational, recreational,
aesthetic needs etc.
Advertising sector, which
includes advertising through
mass media and the Internet.
Accommodation sector, all
types of establishments that
offers lodging to visitors
(Hotel, Motel, Guest houses,
caravans etc.)
Transport sector, which
includes air, water and
surface transport.
5. Technology: The underlying
thread
The attraction owners particularly the national tourist offices discharge their
duty of promoting their country‟s tourist attractions using the information
technology products. Information through promotional videos, Internet web
Sites, television advertisements and travel documentaries are the main
information dissemination tools.
Any individual or group wishing to travel to any part of the world now has an
easy access to the accommodation service providers. A visitor can access
information about the kind of hotels at the destination, their ranges of product,
the price and other relevant information without leaving his/her office or home.
The information can be obtained aided by still or moving pictures in order to
give an exact feature of an accommodation, facilities and services of ones
choice. At a destination also visitors are at ease during their stay in every
respect, in getting information about their business, family or other information
back home. They are also at ease to relax with the videos and television
entertainment programs, which nowadays are part and parcel of many
accommodation units.
Travel and tourism fit especially well with interactive media because they are
an information intensive industry where transactions can be made online, and
current Web users are heavy users of travel and tourism products and
services. Interactive media calls for interactive marketing. “The essence of
interactive marketing is the use of information from the customer rather than
about the customers”. It differs from traditional marketing since it is based on a
dialogue instead of a one-way communication, and it deals with individual
consumers instead of mass markets.
6. Technology: The underlying
thread
Transport provides the essential link between tourism origin and
destination areas and facilitates the movement of travellers. An
Airplane flies with the help of modern information technology
equipment, which provides information ranging from weather,
altitude and other information to the pilot to communication made
during emergency by the pilot with other airplanes and air traffic
control stations.
In-flight entertainment is also a product of information technology,
video games, video films are examples. In the case of
buses/coaches and taxis, in many countries with developed tourism
business, they are equipped with radio communication systems for
various uses. This communication ensures the safety of tourists.
Fast and easy information flow is of paramount importance to build
confidence in the traveling public. In recent years, the confidence
built due to the use of modern IT has been demonstrated by a
tremendous increase in the number of travelers worldwide.
7. Recent advances in mobile computing, computer
graphics, wireless and sensor technologies are rapidly
changing the face of tourism industry by enhancing the
existing infrastructure.
Further, globalization of technologies has ensured fast
spread of innovations to farthest corners of the world.
Increased interconnectivity and technology revolution
have meant consolidation of fragmented tourism
products, cost effectiveness and enhancement of
forecasting techniques for tourism product sellers. For
consumers it has meant ease of purchase and
availability of quantity & quality of organized information.
For example, mobile phones & related technologies are
fast becoming an inseparable part of human life. And
for travellers these technologies by having transformed
the search for information into a more interactive and
fast process, have become an indispensible companion
in travel plans.
9. New & Innovative
Technologies
• A data mining type of software
• Uses the power of customer databases to identify customers who
have similar profiles like preferences, interests, and travel patterns,
etc. based on previously accumulated customer knowledge.
• The findings are used for direct marketing. E.g.: Amazon.com
Collaborative
Filtering
• Also a form of data mining.
• This software rests on the belief that people live busy lives and
want other people to look after their needs.
• This type of software tracks and monitors the preferences and
purchasing behaviors of consumers.
• Thus, it can customize products/services based on needs and
preferences and perform direct marketing accordingly.
Personalization
Software/Profiling
• Based on the belief that people want more choices but they just do
not want to be burdened with those choices.
• This type of software takes criteria set by customers and goes into
digital databases. It then gets available choices for the customers.
• This type of software not only automatically finds information for
customers but also narrows down the choices and lets customers
find the best deal.
Knowledge-Based
Software
10. New & Innovative
Technologies
• Enables electronic transactions.
• Simplifies a very complex buying-payment process, bypasses
intermediaries, lowers the entry barriers into the tourism industry and
increases competition.
• Assists in monitoring causal relationships to understand the
relationship between the effect of ads and purchase patterns.
Electronic
Payment
• Virtual reality displays three-dimensional worlds.
• Web casting provides online live videos and events
• People obtain an accurate view of the destination before they visit it.
• Well formulated expectations of what they will see at their travel
destination.
Computer
Reservation
System
• The technology works by using computers of special kind and leased
telephone lines. The travel agent is connected on line to the central
host computer system or CRS.
• In this system it is possible that airliners, Hotels and car rental
companies can talk to the travel agent and vise versa.
• This system contributes to a great extent in increasing sales volume
and giving precise information on the availability and selling the
products efficiently ensuring substantial profit gain.
Virtual Reality
& Web
Casting
11. New & Innovative
Technologies
• Distribute reservation, and information services to sales outlets
around the world.
• Link several airlines and travel principals into a complex network of
PCs, telecommunications and large mainframe computers.
• The end users comprise travel agents with a single reservation
system to support the sale of airline seats and related travel products
such as hotel and car hire, via Personal Computer.
Global
Distribution
Systems
• GIS applications in tourism have been confined to recreational facility
inventory, tourism-based land management, visitor impact
assessment, and recreation-wildlife conflict.
• Site-specific information about sources of visitors origin and
destination, travel motivation, spatial patterns of recreation and
tourism use, visitor expenditure patterns, levels of use and impacts,
and suitability of sites for recreation/tourism development
Geographic
Information
Systems
13. Virtual Reality to Augmented
Reality
Until recently, Virtual Reality (VR) technologies were one of the most
outstanding technologies.
The basic idea was the total immersion of the user in a virtual world
generated by a computer.
Although this concept is currently one of the most popular with multiple
application domains, the main disadvantage of VR is that there is no
relationship between the user and the real world.
Therefore, Augmented Reality technologies are becoming increasingly
popular, not only among the scientific community but also for the general
public.
Recent advances in mobile computing, computer graphics, wireless and
sensor technologies allow for the fast development of Augmented Reality
(AR) applications on smartphones.
A visual AR system enhances or augments the surroundings of the user
with virtual information that is registered in 3D space and seems to co-
exist with the real world.
Unlike traditional AR devices, such as head-mounted displays (HMDs)
and mobile laptops, smartphones combine all necessary technologies for
augmentation in one small device. This is also the first medium to
introduce AR to the mass market which has enormous potential for
14. In a typical GPS-based smartphone AR application
for outdoor use, the user points the device towards
physical objects in her surroundings.
She is then able to see additional virtual information
overlaid on top of the real-world camera view through
virtual annotations.
The type of content and amount of information within
the virtual annotations varies amongst applications
and can include video, images, text or symbols for
different types of landmarks.
Available data includes descriptions of tourist
attractions, restaurants and monuments. Other useful
information, such as Wi-Fi spots, ATMs, car parks,
transportation, local news items, and weather can
also be displayed in AR-view. Several available
applications allow access to geo-coded user-
generated content, such as tweets, videos and
photos, as well as comments and recommendations
16. Compared with Virtual Reality, Augmented Reality enhances the
real world instead of replacing it. The user can view the real world
enhanced with additional 3D graphics superimposed to his/her
field of view.
Museums and art galleries already use digital technologies for the
collection, preservation, exploration and diffusion of Arts and
Cultural Heritage.
However, parallel to the development of the concept of cultural
park, Augmented Reality technologies are gaining a great
importance on the virtual reconstruction of historical monuments,
helping curators, archaeologists or historians to reproduce on site
historical places as they were in their golden period.
It is obvious that applications within the Arts and Cultural Heritage
should fulfill different requirements, such as the attractiveness and
user-friendliness for the user, an educational value, the reusability
of the data and the global availability.
In the future, it will be possible to walk without a human guide
through an exhibition, museum or historical site, exploring the
environment and getting personalized information about the profile
of each visitor.
17. Conclusion
Among the cyclical succession of symbolic terms that have become part of global tourism
discourse, „innovation‟ and „technological change‟ have started to occupy a privileged place
and it is highly likely that they are here to stay.
As technology is evolving faster than ever before, it has made most travellers around the
world much more technology-savvy than in the past.
The internet has revolutionized the tourism industry more than any other factor in the last few
decades.
Also, as more people are connected to each other, with access to the vast pool of
information available online, an increasing number of travelers are seeking information via
the internet prior to making any travel decisions.
The advances in connectivity and processing power that have been made in ICT in recent
years are undeniable.
At the same time the „smart world‟ in which we live whose landscape –albeit in a permanent
process of evolution is becoming friendlier, offering clearer, solutions which serve to reduce
time and money and opening new paths towards the personalization of products and
services.
Today, tourism activity is increasingly being shaped by price comparison and combination
technology; new applications for mobiles that offer a wide range of opportunities are being
developed; social networks are consolidating themselves within a more transparent market
in which citizens are able to provide services together; changes in the concept of the value
chain are producing new business models.
AR view in commercial smartphone applications: (A) Annotation connected to sidebar, showing additional information about POI in mTrip (upper left), (B) Several POIs in mobeedo’s AR view (upper right), (C) Augmented Reality UK, showing annotation about the zoo in Bournemouth (down left), and (D) Displaying YouTube video in AcrossAir (down right).