The Secret Sauce is the Control Plane, not the Encapsulation
Host Route Distribution decoupled from the Underlay protocol
Use MultiProtocol-BGP (MP-BGP) on the Leaf nodes to distribute internal Host/Subnet Routes and external reachability information
Route-Reflectors deployed for scaling purposes
VXLAN terminates its tunnels on VTEPs (Virtual Tunnel End Point).
Each VTEP has two interfaces, one is to provide bridging function for local hosts, the other has an IP identification in the core network for VXLAN encapsulation/decapsulation.
VXLAN Encapsulation and De-encapsulation occur on T2
Bridging and Gateway are independent of the port type (1/10/40G ports)
Encapsulation happens on the egress port
Decapsulation happens on the ingress port
Service Oriented Architecture
2 or 3 layer network to Leaf & Spine
High density and bandwidth required
Layer 3 ECMP
No oversubscription
Low and uniform delay characteristic
Wire & configure once network
Uniform network configuration
Workload Mobility
Workload Placement
Segmentation
Scale
Automation & Programmability
L2 + L3 Connectivity
Physical + Virtual
Open
Network Configuration Example: Configuring CoS to Support an MC-LAG on an FCo...Juniper Networks
This NCE provides a step-by-step procedure for configuring class of service (CoS) for Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) transit switch traffic across a multichassis link aggregation group (MC-LAG) that connects two QFX Series switches.
A novel way of creating overlay networks for OpenNebula is presented here. Using BGP Ethernet VPN (EVPN) with VXLAN data-plane encapsulation. This provides scalable Layer 2 over IP networks.
Building DataCenter networks with VXLAN BGP-EVPNCisco Canada
The session specifically covers the requirements and approaches for deploying the Underlay, Overlay as well as the inter-Fabric connectivity of Data Center Networks or Fabrics. Within the VXLAN BGP-EVPN based Overlay, we focus on the insights like forwarding and control plane functions which are critical to the simplicity operation of the architecture in achieving scale, small failure domains and consistent configuration. To complete the overlay view on VXLAN BGP-EVPN, we are going to the insides of BGP and its EVPN address-familiy and extend to about how multiple DC Fabric can be interconnected within, either as stretched Fabrics or with true DCI. The session concludes with a brief overview of manageability functions, network orchestration capabilities and multi-tenancy details. This Advanced session is intended for network, design and operation engineers from Enterprises to Service Providers.
Network Configuration Example: Configuring CoS to Support an MC-LAG on an FCo...Juniper Networks
This NCE provides a step-by-step procedure for configuring class of service (CoS) for Fibre Channel over Ethernet (FCoE) transit switch traffic across a multichassis link aggregation group (MC-LAG) that connects two QFX Series switches.
A novel way of creating overlay networks for OpenNebula is presented here. Using BGP Ethernet VPN (EVPN) with VXLAN data-plane encapsulation. This provides scalable Layer 2 over IP networks.
Building DataCenter networks with VXLAN BGP-EVPNCisco Canada
The session specifically covers the requirements and approaches for deploying the Underlay, Overlay as well as the inter-Fabric connectivity of Data Center Networks or Fabrics. Within the VXLAN BGP-EVPN based Overlay, we focus on the insights like forwarding and control plane functions which are critical to the simplicity operation of the architecture in achieving scale, small failure domains and consistent configuration. To complete the overlay view on VXLAN BGP-EVPN, we are going to the insides of BGP and its EVPN address-familiy and extend to about how multiple DC Fabric can be interconnected within, either as stretched Fabrics or with true DCI. The session concludes with a brief overview of manageability functions, network orchestration capabilities and multi-tenancy details. This Advanced session is intended for network, design and operation engineers from Enterprises to Service Providers.
An alternative to the core/aggregation/access layer network topology has emerged known as leaf-spine. In a leaf-spine architecture, a series of leaf switches form the access layer. These switches are fully meshed to a series of spine switches. One way is to create a Spine and Leaf architecture, also known as a Distributed Core. This architecture has two main components: Spine switches and Leaf switches. Intuition Systems can think of spine switches as the core, but instead of being a large, chassis-based switching platform, the spine is composed of many high-throughput Layer 3 switches with high port density. The mesh ensures that access-layer switches are no more than one hop away from one another, minimizing latency and the likelihood of bottlenecks between access-layer switches. When networking vendors speak of an Ethernet fabric, this is generally the sort of topology they have in mind.
Haven’t we spent the last few decades disaggregating datacenter architecture? And if so, what does disaggregation mean now, is it something different? Strictly speaking, to “disaggregate” means to divide
Operationalizing EVPN in the Data Center: Part 2Cumulus Networks
In the second of our two-part series on EVPN, Cumulus Networks Chief Scientist Dinesh Dutt dives into more technical details of network routing, EVPN use cases, and best practices for operationalizing EVPN in the data center.
To view the recording of this webinar, visit http://go.cumulusnetworks.com/l/32472/2017-09-23/95t7xh
Extreme is rethinking the data plane, the control plane, and the management plane. Extreme is a better mouse trap which delivers new features, advanced function, and wire-speed performance. Our switches deliver deterministic performance independent of load or what features are enabled. All Extreme Switches are based on XOS, the industries first and only truly modular operating system. Having a modular OS provides higher availability of critical network resources. By isolating each critical process in its own protected memory space, a single failed process can not take down the entire switch. Application modules can be loaded and unloaded without the need for rebooting the switch. This is the level of functionality that users expect on other technology. Reaching the twenty million port milestone is a significant achievement demonstrating how our highly effective network solutions, with rich features, innovative software and integrated support for secure convergence. VoIP/Unified Communica Fons/Infrastructure/SIP Trunking (SBC) – Because of strong ROI, investment in this segment remains on a very strong growth trajectory.
Enterprises depend on modular switching solutions for all aspects of the enterprise network: in the enterprise core and data center, the distribution layer that lies between the core and wiring closet, and in the wiring closet itself. Modular solutions provide port diversity and density that fixed solutions simply cannot match. There are also high-capacity modular solutions that only the largest of enterprises and institutions use for high-density and high-speed deployments. Modular solutions are generally much more expensive than their fixed cousins, especially in situations where density or flexibility are not required. Fixed-configuration stackable switches are typically cost- optimized, but they offer no real port diversity on an individual switch. Port diversity means the availability of different port types, such as fiber versus copper ports. Stackable switches have gotten better at offering port diversity, but they still cannot match their modular cousins. Many of these products now offer high-end features such as 802.3af PoE, QoS, and multi-layer intelligence that were only found on modular switches in the past. This is due to the proliferation of third-party merchant silicon in the fixed configuration market. Generally, a stack of fixed configuration switches can be managed as a single virtual entity. Fixed configuration switches generally cannot be used to provision an entire large enterprise, but instead are mostly used out at the edge or departmental level as a low-cost alternative to modular products.
Assumptions:
Ethernet is Open
Active/Active in the Fabric
Therefore:
Open at the Edge
Active/Active at the edge
Places in the network (featuring policy)Jeff Green
Networks of the Future will be about a great user experience, devices and things…
In an industry that’s already defined, Extreme Network’s recent announcement of The Automated Campus is a significant advance in networking. For the first time, all the essential technologies, products, procedures and support are gathered together and integrated. All too often, the piecemeal/piecewise growth strategy, typically applied in network evolutions, results in too many tools, procedures, and techniques. The patchwork quilt approach precludes fast responsiveness, optimal operations staff productivity, and sacrifices the accuracy and efficiency required to keep end-users productive as well.
The most important opportunity to improve efficiency for governments today is in boosting both the productivity of end-users and network operators. The automated campus must address the productivity of network planners and network operations managers and staff. The often-significant number of elements required in an installation can demand significant staff time and can, consequentially, have an adverse impact on operating expenses (OpEx). While It is possible to build traditional networks that, when running correctly and optimally get the job done, they often embody such high operating expenses that cost becomes the overriding factor controlling the evolution of the campus network. The Automated Campus will allow XYZ Account to address all these issues and concerns. A key goal must be for XYZ Account to reduce the number of “moving parts” required to build and operate any campus and introduce a level of simplicity and automation that will address your future.
Extreme’s strategy for Campus Automation begins with re-thinking the way networks are designed, deployed and managed. Extreme’s Fabric-based networks enable faster configuration and troubleshooting; As a result, there is less opportunity for misconfiguration. Several automation solutions designed to enhance security often force network managers to accept complexity and degraded resilience to secure the network to meet local policies. Should a breach occur, containment to that segment protects even more sensitive parts of the network, resulting in a true dead-end for the hacker. With Extreme’s Automated Campus services can easily be defined and provisioned on-the-fly without disruption. Network operators specify what services are allowed or prohibited across the network.
An experience is a personal and emotional event we remember. Every experience is established based upon pre-determined expectations we conceive and create in our minds. It’s personal, and therefore, remains a moving and evolving target in every scenario. When our experience concludes and the moment has passed, the outcome remains in our memory. Think about what makes you happy when connecting with your own device and then think about what makes you really upset when things are hard, complicated, and slow. If the user has a bad experience in anyone of these areas (simple, fast, and smart), they are likely to leave, share their negative experience, and potentially never return. Users might forget facts or details about their computing environment but they find it difficult to forgot the feeling behind a bad network experience. When something goes wrong with the network or an application, do you always get the blame?
Flexible Data Centre Fabric - FabricPath/TRILL, OTV, LISP and VXLANCisco Canada
This presentation will discuss the evolving Data Centre Fabric, FabricPath, VXLAN, LISP, LISP Host Mobility, OTV LAN Extension, Mobility with Extended Subnets and Nexus Fabric.
Explain the purpose of VLANs in a switched network.
1) Analyze how a switch forwards frames based on VLAN configuration in a multi-switched environment.
2) Configure a switch port to be assigned to a VLAN based on requirements.
3) Configure a trunk port on a LAN switch.
4) Configure Dynamic Trunk Protocol (DTP).
5) Troubleshoot VLAN and trunk configurations in a switched network.
6) Configure security features to mitigate attacks in a VLAN-segmented environment.
7) Explain security best practices for a VLAN-segmented environment.
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch4 - VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)Abdelkhalik Mosa
This chapter discusses in detail the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP). How the VTP manages the consistency of VLAN configurations? Understanding the different components of the VTP: VTP domain, VTP Advertisements and the different VTP Modes. A switch can be configured in one of three modes: server, client, or transparent.
VTP pruning and the anatomy of VTP advertisements. The different types of VTP advertisements: summary advertisement, subset advertisement and request advertisement. This is followed by showing VTP in action.
Finally, the VTP configuration and the troubleshooting of common VTP connections problems such as incompatible VTP versions, incorrect VTP domain name and the incorrect revision number.
Integration and Interoperation of existing Nexus networks into an ACI Archite...Cisco Canada
Mike Herbert, Principal Engineer INSBU, at Cisco Connect Toronto focused on the integration and interoperation of existing nexus networks into an ACI architecture.
OpenStack: Virtual Routers On Compute Nodesclayton_oneill
Learn the production pros and cons of operating Neutron legacy and HA routers on compute nodes in your production cloud. Not ready for DVR or third-party network overhauls? Virtual router network “hot spots” got you down? Large virtual router failure domains keeping you up late at night? Neutron reference architectures not providing a scalable routing solution? If you answered yes to any of these questions then this talk is for you.
An alternative to the core/aggregation/access layer network topology has emerged known as leaf-spine. In a leaf-spine architecture, a series of leaf switches form the access layer. These switches are fully meshed to a series of spine switches. One way is to create a Spine and Leaf architecture, also known as a Distributed Core. This architecture has two main components: Spine switches and Leaf switches. Intuition Systems can think of spine switches as the core, but instead of being a large, chassis-based switching platform, the spine is composed of many high-throughput Layer 3 switches with high port density. The mesh ensures that access-layer switches are no more than one hop away from one another, minimizing latency and the likelihood of bottlenecks between access-layer switches. When networking vendors speak of an Ethernet fabric, this is generally the sort of topology they have in mind.
Haven’t we spent the last few decades disaggregating datacenter architecture? And if so, what does disaggregation mean now, is it something different? Strictly speaking, to “disaggregate” means to divide
Operationalizing EVPN in the Data Center: Part 2Cumulus Networks
In the second of our two-part series on EVPN, Cumulus Networks Chief Scientist Dinesh Dutt dives into more technical details of network routing, EVPN use cases, and best practices for operationalizing EVPN in the data center.
To view the recording of this webinar, visit http://go.cumulusnetworks.com/l/32472/2017-09-23/95t7xh
Extreme is rethinking the data plane, the control plane, and the management plane. Extreme is a better mouse trap which delivers new features, advanced function, and wire-speed performance. Our switches deliver deterministic performance independent of load or what features are enabled. All Extreme Switches are based on XOS, the industries first and only truly modular operating system. Having a modular OS provides higher availability of critical network resources. By isolating each critical process in its own protected memory space, a single failed process can not take down the entire switch. Application modules can be loaded and unloaded without the need for rebooting the switch. This is the level of functionality that users expect on other technology. Reaching the twenty million port milestone is a significant achievement demonstrating how our highly effective network solutions, with rich features, innovative software and integrated support for secure convergence. VoIP/Unified Communica Fons/Infrastructure/SIP Trunking (SBC) – Because of strong ROI, investment in this segment remains on a very strong growth trajectory.
Enterprises depend on modular switching solutions for all aspects of the enterprise network: in the enterprise core and data center, the distribution layer that lies between the core and wiring closet, and in the wiring closet itself. Modular solutions provide port diversity and density that fixed solutions simply cannot match. There are also high-capacity modular solutions that only the largest of enterprises and institutions use for high-density and high-speed deployments. Modular solutions are generally much more expensive than their fixed cousins, especially in situations where density or flexibility are not required. Fixed-configuration stackable switches are typically cost- optimized, but they offer no real port diversity on an individual switch. Port diversity means the availability of different port types, such as fiber versus copper ports. Stackable switches have gotten better at offering port diversity, but they still cannot match their modular cousins. Many of these products now offer high-end features such as 802.3af PoE, QoS, and multi-layer intelligence that were only found on modular switches in the past. This is due to the proliferation of third-party merchant silicon in the fixed configuration market. Generally, a stack of fixed configuration switches can be managed as a single virtual entity. Fixed configuration switches generally cannot be used to provision an entire large enterprise, but instead are mostly used out at the edge or departmental level as a low-cost alternative to modular products.
Assumptions:
Ethernet is Open
Active/Active in the Fabric
Therefore:
Open at the Edge
Active/Active at the edge
Places in the network (featuring policy)Jeff Green
Networks of the Future will be about a great user experience, devices and things…
In an industry that’s already defined, Extreme Network’s recent announcement of The Automated Campus is a significant advance in networking. For the first time, all the essential technologies, products, procedures and support are gathered together and integrated. All too often, the piecemeal/piecewise growth strategy, typically applied in network evolutions, results in too many tools, procedures, and techniques. The patchwork quilt approach precludes fast responsiveness, optimal operations staff productivity, and sacrifices the accuracy and efficiency required to keep end-users productive as well.
The most important opportunity to improve efficiency for governments today is in boosting both the productivity of end-users and network operators. The automated campus must address the productivity of network planners and network operations managers and staff. The often-significant number of elements required in an installation can demand significant staff time and can, consequentially, have an adverse impact on operating expenses (OpEx). While It is possible to build traditional networks that, when running correctly and optimally get the job done, they often embody such high operating expenses that cost becomes the overriding factor controlling the evolution of the campus network. The Automated Campus will allow XYZ Account to address all these issues and concerns. A key goal must be for XYZ Account to reduce the number of “moving parts” required to build and operate any campus and introduce a level of simplicity and automation that will address your future.
Extreme’s strategy for Campus Automation begins with re-thinking the way networks are designed, deployed and managed. Extreme’s Fabric-based networks enable faster configuration and troubleshooting; As a result, there is less opportunity for misconfiguration. Several automation solutions designed to enhance security often force network managers to accept complexity and degraded resilience to secure the network to meet local policies. Should a breach occur, containment to that segment protects even more sensitive parts of the network, resulting in a true dead-end for the hacker. With Extreme’s Automated Campus services can easily be defined and provisioned on-the-fly without disruption. Network operators specify what services are allowed or prohibited across the network.
An experience is a personal and emotional event we remember. Every experience is established based upon pre-determined expectations we conceive and create in our minds. It’s personal, and therefore, remains a moving and evolving target in every scenario. When our experience concludes and the moment has passed, the outcome remains in our memory. Think about what makes you happy when connecting with your own device and then think about what makes you really upset when things are hard, complicated, and slow. If the user has a bad experience in anyone of these areas (simple, fast, and smart), they are likely to leave, share their negative experience, and potentially never return. Users might forget facts or details about their computing environment but they find it difficult to forgot the feeling behind a bad network experience. When something goes wrong with the network or an application, do you always get the blame?
Flexible Data Centre Fabric - FabricPath/TRILL, OTV, LISP and VXLANCisco Canada
This presentation will discuss the evolving Data Centre Fabric, FabricPath, VXLAN, LISP, LISP Host Mobility, OTV LAN Extension, Mobility with Extended Subnets and Nexus Fabric.
Explain the purpose of VLANs in a switched network.
1) Analyze how a switch forwards frames based on VLAN configuration in a multi-switched environment.
2) Configure a switch port to be assigned to a VLAN based on requirements.
3) Configure a trunk port on a LAN switch.
4) Configure Dynamic Trunk Protocol (DTP).
5) Troubleshoot VLAN and trunk configurations in a switched network.
6) Configure security features to mitigate attacks in a VLAN-segmented environment.
7) Explain security best practices for a VLAN-segmented environment.
LAN Switching and Wireless: Ch4 - VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP)Abdelkhalik Mosa
This chapter discusses in detail the VLAN Trunking Protocol (VTP). How the VTP manages the consistency of VLAN configurations? Understanding the different components of the VTP: VTP domain, VTP Advertisements and the different VTP Modes. A switch can be configured in one of three modes: server, client, or transparent.
VTP pruning and the anatomy of VTP advertisements. The different types of VTP advertisements: summary advertisement, subset advertisement and request advertisement. This is followed by showing VTP in action.
Finally, the VTP configuration and the troubleshooting of common VTP connections problems such as incompatible VTP versions, incorrect VTP domain name and the incorrect revision number.
Integration and Interoperation of existing Nexus networks into an ACI Archite...Cisco Canada
Mike Herbert, Principal Engineer INSBU, at Cisco Connect Toronto focused on the integration and interoperation of existing nexus networks into an ACI architecture.
OpenStack: Virtual Routers On Compute Nodesclayton_oneill
Learn the production pros and cons of operating Neutron legacy and HA routers on compute nodes in your production cloud. Not ready for DVR or third-party network overhauls? Virtual router network “hot spots” got you down? Large virtual router failure domains keeping you up late at night? Neutron reference architectures not providing a scalable routing solution? If you answered yes to any of these questions then this talk is for you.
VMworld 2015: The Future of Network Virtualization with VMware NSXVMworld
Since launch, VMware has seen a steady expansion in the use cases that are addressed by network virtualization. So what is next for NSX and network virtualization? This session answers this question, taking a look at how NSX is expanding beyond a single data center. It also reviews the technical state of NSX and looks forward to where network virtualization will head in the coming years.
It's neither a standard nor a protocol, but everyone's doing it.
In this presentation, we'll begin by describing the use cases where Multi-Chassis Link Aggregation, or MLAG, can be used to improve the reliability of your network. This will lead into a detailed discussion of how MLAG works as well as what pitfalls you'll need to avoid. Then, we'll explore the interactions with other system components such as LACP, Spanning Tree, and IGMP. Finally, we'll present about how to configure and monitor MLAG in Cumulus Linux.
Next Generation Nexus 9000 ArchitectureCisco Canada
In the upcoming year, 2016, the industry will see a significant capacity, capability and cost point shift in Data Center switching. The introduction of 25/100G supplementing the previous standard of 10/40G at the same cost points and power efficiency which represents a 250% increase in capacity for roughly the same capital costs is just one example of the scope of the change. These changes are occurring due to the introduction of new generations of ASICs leveraging improvements in semiconductor fabrication combined with innovative developments in network algorithms, SerDes capabilities and ASIC design approaches. This session will take a deep dive look at the technology changes enabling this shift and the architecture of the next generation nexus 9000 Data Center switches enabled due to these changes. Topics will include a discussion of the introduction of 25/50/100G to compliment existing 10/40G, why next generation fabrication techniques enable much larger forwarding scale, more intelligent buffering and queuing algorithms and embedded telemetry enabling big data analytics based on network traffic
Get a technical understanding of the components of NSX, including how switching, routing, firewalling, load-balancing and other services work within NSX.
Starting with Docker 1.12, Docker has added features to the core Docker Engine to make multi-host and multi-container orchestration extremely simple to use and accessible to everyone. Docker 1.12 Networking plays a key role in enabling these orchestration features.
In this online meetup, we learned all the new and exciting networking features introduced in Docker 1.12:
Swarm-mode networking
Routing Mesh
Ingress and Internal Load-Balancing
Service Discovery
Encrypted Network Control-Plane and Data-Plane
Multi-host networking without external KV-Store
MACVLAN Driver
Docker has created enormous buzz in the last few years. Docker is a open-source software containerization platform. It provides an ability to package software into standardised units on Docker for software development. In this hands-on introductory session, I introduce the concept of containers, provide an overview of Docker, and take the participants through the steps for installing Docker. The main session involves using Docker CLI (Command Line Interface) - all the concepts such as images, managing containers, and getting useful work done is illustrated step-by-step by running commands.
SR-IOV ixgbe Driver Limitations and ImprovementLF Events
SR-IOV is a device virtualization technology, it’s mainly used for improving network performance of virtual machines. However, SR-IOV has some limitations which come from hardware and/or driver implementation. For certain use case, such as Network Function Virtualization(NFV), those limitations are critical to provide services. Intel 10Gb NIC, Niantic(82599), has such limitations(e.g. VLAN filtering, multicast promiscuous) for NFV use case.
This presentation will show the limitations and issues and how they are being addressed, then explain how implements VF multicast promiscuous mode support in ixgbe driver and VF trust, iproute2 functionality enhancement.
This presentation was delivered at LinuxCon Japan 2016 by Hiroshi Shimamoto
Flexible NFV WAN interconnections with Neutron BGP VPNThomas Morin
[talk given during the OpenStack Summit, May 2018 in Vancouver, BC]
Telcos use OpenStack to deploy virtualized network functions, and have specific requirements to interconnect these OpenStack deployments to their backbones and mobile backhaul networks. These interconnections, in particular, need to involve dynamic routing and interconnections with operators internal VPNs.
This talk will explain the role that the networking-bgpvpn Neutron Stadium project plays to address this need, from the basics of the BGPVPN Interconnection API, to more advanced uses made possible by evolutions of this API delivered in Queens.
The more interesting use cases will be the opportunity for a step by step demo.
We'll give a status of where the project stands today in terms of feature coverage, look at the set of SDN controllers providing an implementation for this API beyond the implementation in reference drivers, and last, look at the future of the project.
The popularity of Virtual SAN is growing daily. Server admins are finally free to aggregate storage in their servers to create a shared storage system that scales with their compute needs. The underlying key to making it all work is networking. All Virtual SAN data flows through it, and correct selection and configuration of networking components will mean the difference between disruptive success or dramatic failure. This session will give deep insight in the do's and don'ts of Virtual SAN networking. Best practices for physical and virtual switch configuration and performance testing will be discussed. Virtual SAN 5.5 and 6.0 will be covered, and the networking differences discussed. Methods of troubleshooting network issues will be covered. For those configuring a Virtual SAN network for the first time, for labs or enterprise scale, this session is a must-see.
What's New in Cumulus Linux 2.5.5?
Cumulus Linux 2.5.5 supports these new features:
- netshow has been moved to the main repository in Cumulus Linux
- Integration with Nutanix Prism: View basic Cumulus Linux status information from your Prism GUI
- Stability enhancements to BGP, MLAG and VXLAN
PLNOG 13: Emil Gągała: EVPN – rozwiązanie nie tylko dla Data CenterPROIDEA
Emil Gągała – network consultant. Since 2006 Emil has been working as Senior Systems Engineer in Polish entity of Juniper Networks. He is responsible for network solutions for mobile, cable and alternative Service Providers. In 2000 he started work in Ericsson Poland in the Network Solution team where he took active role in design and implementation of first IP/MPLS networks in Poland. He participated in projects in area of backbone, peering, fixed and mobile broadband access and network security. Emil holds JNCIE certificate.
Topic of Presentation: EVPN – rozwiązanie nie tylko dla Data Center
Language: Polish
Abstract: TBD
Where is the 6 GHz beef?
The low number of channels available today forces users to share available bandwidth and creates congestion. As each client station waits to transmit (or receive) data, congestion is caused by devices, Access Points and Stations, sharing the same channel. To better describe the impact of 6GHZ wifi, let us borrow the catchphrase "Where is the beef?". As a visual aid, begin with a hamburger bun with a 2.4GHz and 5GHz spectrum in the middle. The picture below may exaggerate a 20 years spectrum limitation. However, the visual expresses the potential of the 6GHz range to deliver the spectrum beef.
Where is the 6 GHz beef?
The low number of channels available today forces users to share available bandwidth and creates congestion. As each client station waits to transmit (or receive) data, congestion is caused by devices, Access Points and Stations, sharing the same channel. To better describe the impact of 6GHZ wifi, let us borrow the catchphrase "Where is the beef?". As a visual aid, begin with a hamburger bun with a 2.4GHz and 5GHz spectrum in the middle. The picture below may exaggerate a 20 years spectrum limitation. However, the visual expresses the potential of the 6GHz range to deliver the spectrum beef.
Where is the 6 GHz beef?
The low number of channels available today forces users to share available bandwidth and creates congestion. As each client station waits to transmit (or receive) data, congestion is caused by devices, Access Points and Stations, sharing the same channel. To better describe the impact of 6GHZ wifi, let us borrow the catchphrase "Where is the beef?". As a visual aid, begin with a hamburger bun with a 2.4GHz and 5GHz spectrum in the middle. The picture below may exaggerate a 20 years spectrum limitation. However, the visual expresses the potential of the 6GHz range to deliver the spectrum beef.
The next generation ethernet gangster (part 3)Jeff Green
The original competitors in the Ethernet market remind me of gang members who each had their unique advantages to win over their turf. Over the past few years, Extreme assembled seven gangers from a variety of backgrounds with their strengths to perform a mission and deliver a new level of value to our customers. Extreme has adopted a gangster strategy going against the grain of the market leader. So far, the gangster strategy has been a winning strategy. When market leaders are proposing proprietary solutions, Extreme went open Linux with “superspec.” When they pushed DNA and its additional complexity, Extreme responded by re-thinking the way networks are designed, deployed, and managed without vendor lock-in. Final-ly, when they tied to service and to licensing together with Cisco One, Extreme responded with added flexibility in both licensing, services, and Extreme-as-a-service.
The next generation ethernet gangster (part 2)Jeff Green
The original competitors in the Ethernet market remind me of gang members who each had their unique advantages to win over their turf. Over the past few years, Extreme assembled seven gangers from a variety of backgrounds with their strengths to perform a mission and deliver a new level of value to our customers. Extreme has adopted a gangster strategy going against the grain of the market leader. So far, the gangster strategy has been a winning strategy. When market leaders are proposing proprietary solutions, Extreme went open Linux with “superspec.” When they pushed DNA and its additional complexity, Extreme responded by re-thinking the way networks are designed, deployed, and managed without vendor lock-in. Final-ly, when they tied to service and to licensing together with Cisco One, Extreme responded with added flexibility in both licensing, services, and Extreme-as-a-service.
The next generation ethernet gangster (part 1)Jeff Green
The original competitors in the Ethernet market remind me of gang members who each had their unique advantages to win over their turf. Over the past few years, Extreme assembled seven gangers from a variety of backgrounds with their strengths to perform a mission and deliver a new level of value to our customers. Extreme has adopted a gangster strategy going against the grain of the market leader. So far, the gangster strategy has been a winning strategy. When market leaders are proposing proprietary solutions, Extreme went open Linux with “superspec.” When they pushed DNA and its additional complexity, Extreme responded by re-thinking the way networks are designed, deployed, and managed without vendor lock-in. Final-ly, when they tied to service and to licensing together with Cisco One, Extreme responded with added flexibility in both licensing, services, and Extreme-as-a-service.
The next generation ethernet gangster (part 3)Jeff Green
Today Extreme can be more aggressive, with confidence in knowing we can compete with anyone in the market. As the #1 market alternative, there are three critical reasons for including Extreme in your technology considerations: our end-to-end portfolio, our fabric, and our customer service. We are moving Extreme from a reactive, tactical vendor to a pro-active, strategic partner. When Extreme gets a seat at the table, and we bring our unique “sizzle,” we are the customer’s choice. Our customer retention rate is unmatched in the industry, according to Gartner.
Jeff Green
Extreme Networks
jgreen@extremenetworks.com
Mobile (772) 925-2345
https://prezi.com/view/BFLC71PVkoYVKBOffPAv/
The next generation ethernet gangster (part 2)Jeff Green
Today Extreme can be more aggressive, with confidence in knowing we can compete with anyone in the market. As the #1 market alternative, there are three critical reasons for including Extreme in your technology considerations: our end-to-end portfolio, our fabric, and our customer service. We are moving Extreme from a reactive, tactical vendor to a pro-active, strategic partner. When Extreme gets a seat at the table, and we bring our unique “sizzle,” we are the customer’s choice. Our customer retention rate is unmatched in the industry, according to Gartner.
Jeff Green
Extreme Networks
jgreen@extremenetworks.com
Mobile (772) 925-2345
https://prezi.com/view/BFLC71PVkoYVKBOffPAv/
The ubiquitous heavy-tailed distributions in the Internet im-plies an interesting feature of the Internet traffic: most (e.g. 80%) of the traffic is actually carried by only a small number of connections (elephants), while the remaining large amount of connections are very small in size or lifetime (mice). In a fair network environment, short connections expect rela-tively fast service than long connections. For these reasons, short TCP flows are generally more con-servative than long flows and thus tend to get less than their fair share when they compete for the bottleneck bandwidth. In this paper, we propose to give preferential treatment to short flows2 with help from an Active Queue Management (AQM) policy inside the network. We also rely on the pro-posed Differentiated Services (Diffserv) architecture [3] to classify flows into short and long at the edge of the network. More specifically, we maintain the length of each active flow (in packets3) at the edge routers and use it to classify incoming packets.
Fortinet Firewall Integration - User to IP Mapping and Distributed Threat Response
oAccurate User ID to IP mapping eliminates potential attacks and provides reliable, out of the box User Information to firewalls
oImproves security by blocking/limiting user access at the point of entry without impacting other users
oMore accurate network mapping for dynamic policy enforcement and reporting
In an industry that’s already defined, Extreme Network’s recent announcement of The Automated Branch is a significant advance in networking. For the first time, all the essential technologies, products, procedures and support are gathered together and integrated. All too often, the piecemeal/piecewise growth strategy typically historically applied in organizational network evolution results in too many tools, procedures, and techniques at work, precluding fast responsiveness, optimal operations staff productivity, and the degree of accuracy and efficiency required to keep end-users productive as well.
This reference design helps organizations design and configure a small to midsize data center (be¬tween 2 and 60 server racks) at headquarters or a server room at a remote site. You will learn how to configure the data center core, aggregation and access switches for connectivity to the servers and the campus network.
The Avaya Fabric Connect data center design supports high-speed 10 Gbps Ethernet connect-ed servers. The design can easily scale server bandwidth with link aggregation and servers can be connected to one or more switches in order to provide the level of availability required for the services delivered by the host. The design also supports legacy and low traffic servers that need 1 Gbps Ethernet connectivity,
The reference design presented in this guide is based on common network requirements and pro¬vides a tested starting point for network engineers to design and deploy an Avaya data center net¬work. This guide does not document every possible option and feature used to design and deploy networks but instead presents the tested and recommended options that will meet the majority of customer needs.
This design uses Avaya Fabric Connect in order to provide benefits over traditional data center design.
IT departments face several challenges in today’s data center:
· Data center traffic flow is not the same as campus traffic flow. Over 80% of the traffic is east-west, server-to-server, vs. north-south, client-to-server, like in a campus.
· Server virtualization allows a virtual machine or workload to be located anywhere in the physi¬cal data center. Data center networks can make it difficult to extend virtual local area networks (VLANs) and subnets anywhere in the data center.
· Server virtualization means that new services can be brought online in minutes or migrated in real time. Reconfiguring the network to support this is difficult because it can interrupt other services.
· Server virtualization means that the load on a physical box is much higher. Physical servers regularly host 10-50 workloads, driving network utilization well past 1 Gbps.
LANs are constantly evolving, build your XYZ Account Network with that baked-in…
Extreme Networks brings XYZ Account simplicity, agility, and optimized performance to your most strategic business asset. The data center is critically important to business operations in the enterprise, but often organizations have difficulty leveraging their data centers as a strategic business asset. At Extreme Networks, we focus on providing an Intelligent Enterprise Data Center Network that’s purpose-built for enterprise requirements. Our OneFabric Data Center Solution:
XoS “can be like an elastic Fabric” for XYZ Account Network…
Demand for application availability has changed how applications are hosted in today’s datacenter. Evolutionary changes have occurred throughout the various elements of the data center, starting with server and storage virtualization and network virtualization. Motivations for server virtualization were initially associated with massive cost reduction and redundancy but have now evolved to focus on greater scalability and agility within the data center. Data center focused LAN technologies have taken a similar path; with a goal of redundancy and then to create a more scalable fabric within and between data centers.
As vendors continue to tout networking architectures that decouple software from hardware, bare-metal switches are moving into the spotlight. These switches are built on merchant silicon deliver a lower-cost and more flexible switching alternative. Extreme Purple Metal switches are open enough to allow our customers to choose their network architecture based on their specific needs without going all the way to bare metal. We believe in the disaggregation of traditional enterprise networking. Extreme uses merchant silicon versus custom ASICs. Custom ASICs have fallen behind. Unless a vendor can build and compete against merchant silicon, there's no point in doing custom ASICs.
Audio video ethernet (avb cobra net dante)Jeff Green
AVB fits low-cost, small-form-factor products such as this microphone. The overall trend is that music no longer lives on shelves or in CD racks, but in hard drives in home computers, and increasingly in the cloud. This brings about its own unique problems, not in the encoding system used, or the storage technology, but in distributing the audio from the storage media to the speakers. AVB features are all enabled by a global and port level configuration. Connecting these elements is the AVB-enabled switch (in the graphic above, the Extreme Networks® Summit® X440.) The role of the switch is to provide support for the control protocols: AVB is Ethernet’s next stage of convergence, delivering pitch perfect audio and crystal clear video seamlessly over the network
IP/Ethernet is bringing simplicity and features to audio and video as it has brought to services like VoIP, Storage and many more
High quality, perfectly synchronized A/V until now has been difficult to maintain
Standards work by the IEEE and the AVB standard changes everything, creating interoperability and mass-marketing equipment pricing
Benefits of AVB - Delivers predictable latency and precise synchronization, maximizing the functionality of AV – time synchronization and quality or service
Reduced complexity and Ease of use through interoperability between devices
Streamlines complex network set-up and management, the Infrastructure negotiates and manages the network for optimal prioritized media transport
AV traffic can co-exist with non-AV traffic on same Ethernet infrastructure
Role based control at the XYZ Account - XYZ Account can identify devices and apply policies based on device type all the way down to the port and or the AP. Policies can dynamically change based on the device a user is connecting with and where that user is located. Extreme Networks provides infrastructure to deliver customizable prioritization and scalable capacity via configurable and built-in intelligence, ensuring a comprehensive, superior quality experience. Furthermore, when deployed with Extreme Wireless XYZ Account can configure the network to ensure applications receive the bandwidth they require, while still limiting or preventing high speed streaming of music of video or even games.
The Pug is a breed of dog with a wrinkly, short-muzzled face, and curled tail. The breed has a fine, glossy coat that comes in a variety of colours, most often fawn or black, and a compact square body with well-developed muscles.
Pugs were brought from China to Europe in the sixteenth century and were popularized in Western Europe by the House of Orange of the Netherlands, and the House of Stuart.In the United Kingdom, in the nineteenth century, Queen Victoria developed a passion for pugs which she passed on to other members of the Royal family. Pugs are known for being sociable and gentle companion dogs.[3] The breed remains popular into the twenty-first century, with some famous celebrity owners. A pug was judged Best in Show at the World Dog Show in 2004.
Donald J. Trump For President, Inc. –– Why Now?
On November 8, 2016, the American People delivered a historic victory and took our country back. This victory was the result of a Movement to put America first, to save the American economy, and to make America once again a shining city on the hill. But our Movement cannot stop now - we still have much work to do.
This is why our Campaign Committee, Donald J. Trump for President, Inc., is still here.
We will provide a beacon for this historic Movement as our lights continue to shine brightly for you - the hardworking patriots who have paid the price for our freedom. While Washington flourished, our American jobs were shipped overseas, our families struggled, and our factories closed - that all ended on January 20, 2017.
This Campaign will be a voice for all Americans, in every city near and far, who support a more prosperous, safe and strong America. That’s why our Campaign cannot stop now - our Movement is just getting started.
Together, we will Make America Great Again!
In an industry that’s already defined, Extreme Network’s recent announcement of The Automated Campus is a significant advance in networking. For the first time, all the essential technologies, products, procedures and support are gathered together and integrated. All too often, the piecemeal/piecewise growth strategy typically historically applied in organizational network evolution results in too many tools, procedures, and techniques at work, precluding fast responsiveness, optimal operations staff productivity, and the degree of accuracy and efficiency required to keep end-users productive as well.
The most important opportunity today is in boosting both productivity of end-users and network operators. The automated campus must address the productivity of network planners and network operations managers and staff. The often-significant number of elements required in an installation can demand significant staff time and can consequentially have an adverse impact on operating expenses (OpEx). While It is possible to build traditional networks that, when running correctly and optimally, get the job done – unfortunately, they often embody such high operating expenses that cost becomes the overriding factor controlling the evolution of the campus network overall. The Automated Campus will allow XYZ Account to address all these issues and concerns. A key goal here must be, of course, to reduce the number of “moving parts” required to build and operate any campus.
Extreme’s strategy for Campus Automation begins with re-thinking the way networks are designed, deployed and managed. Extreme’s Fabric-based networks enable faster configuration and troubleshooting; As a result, there is less opportunity for misconfiguration. Several automation solutions designed to enhance security often force network managers to accept complexity and degraded resilience to secure the network to meet local policies. Should a breach occur, containment to that segment protects even more sensitive parts of the network, resulting in a true dead-end for the hacker. With Extreme’s Automated Campus services can easily be defined and provisioned on-the-fly without disruption. Network operators specify what services are allowed or prohibited across the network.
XoS Performance - Separation between control and forwarding planes - The "SDN Classic" model, as illustrated by this graphic from the Open Networking Foundation, offers many potential benefits:
In the forwarding plane all switching, and feature implementation such as deep packet inspection , QoS scheduling, MAC learning and filtering, etc are performed in dedicated ASIC hardware
Wire speed performance across entire product line (Backplane resources, packet /frame forwarding rate, Bits per second throughput) Local switching on all line cards at no additional cost ,increasing throughput and reducing latency. Dedicated stacking interfaces, and stacking over fiber.
Low latency with Exceptional QoS
We build networks to deliver on today’s Experience Economy. Extreme Networks combines high performance wired and wireless hardware with a software-defined architecture that makes it simple, fast and smart for the user to connect with their device of choice. We provide a comprehensive portfolio, including Campus Mobility and Data Center solutions, which allow our customers to deliver a positive and consistent experience to each and every user in their environment. As SDN excitement grew, the term software-defined was adopted by marketers and applied liberally to all kinds of products and technologies: software-defined storage, software-defined security, software-defined data center.
What technologies allow me to do this today?
Key Features: Loop free load balancing, density, L2 overlays
VXLAN fabric in EXOS / EOS
MLAG: L2 Leaf/Spine with two spine members
VPLS: L2 Leaf/Spine for HPC deployments
SPB-V: S/K-Series for small enterprise data center
Evolution ExtremeFabric: fully automated
Why VxLAN? It’s a really easy L2 over L3 transport
MLAG technology Leaf/Spine Fabric
MLAG is a special case of Leaf/Spine with only two spine members and everything on L2 (We kill the spanning tree and maintain state between the spines) – We’ve been leading in MLAG for a while
VPLS technology Leaf/Spine Fabric
We have successfully built VPLS mesh Leaf/Spine networks for HPC deployments
Key Features: Loop free load balancing, density, L2 overlays
We need more scale!
21.x / 22.x bring some interesting new features that fix this
NEW with 21.1: The Scalable Layer 2 Fabric with VxLAN Technology
VXLAN – Overlay on routing for efficient load balancing and reachability
OSPF extensions massively simplify deployment
The Layer 2 traffic tunnels over any Layer 3 network
Can be used in any topology, but highest performance is Leaf/Spine
Removes the limitation on transit overlay in the spine
Easy setup, small configuration
X670-G2 and X770, S and K, and will be available on X870 at launch
Scale to 2592 10G ports (X670-G2-72, 1:1), 512 40G (X770, 1:1)
Available on EOS and EXOS NOW
NEW with EXOS 22.x and EOS 8.81: Future Fabric Technology
Where Does Networking Fit In? To gain the full benefits of cloud computing and virtualization and achieve a business agile IT infrastructure, organizations need a reliable, high-performance data center networking infrastructure with built-in investment protection. Several technology inflection points are coming together that are fundamentally changing the way networks are architected, deployed and operated both in the public cloud as well as the private cloud. From performance, to scale, to virtualization support and automation to simplified orchestration, the requirements are rapidly changing and driving new approaches to building data center networks.
With Extreme Networks, IT can manage more with less. Automated intelligence and analytics for compliance, forensics, and traffic patterns translates into reduced help desk calls. Businesses can predict costs and return on investment, and increase employee productivity by securely onboarding BYOD, increasing both customer and employee satisfaction. A constant risk to the network, and ultimately the hospital, are unapproved applications and rogue devices that may appear on the network and either permit unauthorized access or interfere with other devices. A means to monitor all devices and applications that operate across the network is vital. Just as important are the audit and reporting capabilities necessary to report on who, what, where, when, and how patient data is accessed.
What is SDN? What software-defined networking really means has evolved dramatically and now includes automation and virtualization. Hardware is still a critical component in data center networking equipment, but the influence of switch software shouldn’t be overlooked. When everyone began to get excited about SDN a few years ago, we thought of it as only one thing: the separation of network control from network data packet handling. Traditional networks had already started down this path, with the addition of controller cards to manage line cards in scalable chassis-based switches, and with various data center fabric technologies. SDN took the idea to its logical end, removing the need for the controller and the packet handlers to be on the same backplane or even from the same vendor.
Cost. Reducing costs in the data center and contributing to corporate profitability is an increasingly important trend in today’s economic climate. For example, energy costs for the data center are increasing at 12% a year. Moreover, increased application requirements such as 100% availability necessitate additional hardware and services to manage storage and performance thus raising total cost of ownership.
Data Center Aggregation/Core Switch
The proposed solution must provide a high-density chassis based switch solution that meets the requirements provided below. Your response should describe how your offering would meet these requirements. Vendors must provide clear and concise responses, illustrations can be provided where appropriate. Any additional feature descriptions for your offering can be provided, if applicable.
• Must offer a chassis-based switch solution that provides eight I/O module slots, two management module slots and four fabric module slots. Must support a variety of I/O modules providing support for 1GbE, 10GbE, 40GbE and 100GbE interfaces. Please describe the recommended switching solution and the available I/O modules.
• Switch must offer switching capacity up to 20.48 Tbps. Please describe the performance levels for the recommended switching solution.
• Switch system must support high availability for the hardware preventing single points of failure. Please describe the high availability features.
• It is preferred that the 10 Gigabit Ethernet modules will also be able to accept standard Gigabit SFP transceivers. Please describe the capability of your switch.
• Must support an N+1 redundant power supplies
• Must support N+1 redundant fan trays
• Must support a modular operating system that is common across the entire switching profile. Please describe the OS and advantages.
If the number of spine switches were to be merely doubled, the effect of a single switch failure is halved. With 8 spine switches, the effect of a single switch failure only causes a 12% reduction in available bandwidth. So, in modern data centers, people build networks with anywhere from 4 to 32 spine switches. With a leaf-spine network, every server on the network is exactly the same distance away from all other servers – three port hops, to be precise. The benefit of this architecture is that you can just add more spines and leaves as you expand the cluster and you don't have to do any recabling. Intuition Systems will also get more predictable latency between the nodes.
As a trend, disaggregation seems to be most useful for very large companies like Facebook and Google, or cloud providers. The technology does not necessarily have significant implications for small or medium sized businesses. Historically, however, technology has a way of trickling down from the pioneering phases of existing only within large companies with tremendous resources, to becoming more standardized across the board.
APNIC Foundation, presented by Ellisha Heppner at the PNG DNS Forum 2024APNIC
Ellisha Heppner, Grant Management Lead, presented an update on APNIC Foundation to the PNG DNS Forum held from 6 to 10 May, 2024 in Port Moresby, Papua New Guinea.
1.Wireless Communication System_Wireless communication is a broad term that i...JeyaPerumal1
Wireless communication involves the transmission of information over a distance without the help of wires, cables or any other forms of electrical conductors.
Wireless communication is a broad term that incorporates all procedures and forms of connecting and communicating between two or more devices using a wireless signal through wireless communication technologies and devices.
Features of Wireless Communication
The evolution of wireless technology has brought many advancements with its effective features.
The transmitted distance can be anywhere between a few meters (for example, a television's remote control) and thousands of kilometers (for example, radio communication).
Wireless communication can be used for cellular telephony, wireless access to the internet, wireless home networking, and so on.
# Internet Security: Safeguarding Your Digital World
In the contemporary digital age, the internet is a cornerstone of our daily lives. It connects us to vast amounts of information, provides platforms for communication, enables commerce, and offers endless entertainment. However, with these conveniences come significant security challenges. Internet security is essential to protect our digital identities, sensitive data, and overall online experience. This comprehensive guide explores the multifaceted world of internet security, providing insights into its importance, common threats, and effective strategies to safeguard your digital world.
## Understanding Internet Security
Internet security encompasses the measures and protocols used to protect information, devices, and networks from unauthorized access, attacks, and damage. It involves a wide range of practices designed to safeguard data confidentiality, integrity, and availability. Effective internet security is crucial for individuals, businesses, and governments alike, as cyber threats continue to evolve in complexity and scale.
### Key Components of Internet Security
1. **Confidentiality**: Ensuring that information is accessible only to those authorized to access it.
2. **Integrity**: Protecting information from being altered or tampered with by unauthorized parties.
3. **Availability**: Ensuring that authorized users have reliable access to information and resources when needed.
## Common Internet Security Threats
Cyber threats are numerous and constantly evolving. Understanding these threats is the first step in protecting against them. Some of the most common internet security threats include:
### Malware
Malware, or malicious software, is designed to harm, exploit, or otherwise compromise a device, network, or service. Common types of malware include:
- **Viruses**: Programs that attach themselves to legitimate software and replicate, spreading to other programs and files.
- **Worms**: Standalone malware that replicates itself to spread to other computers.
- **Trojan Horses**: Malicious software disguised as legitimate software.
- **Ransomware**: Malware that encrypts a user's files and demands a ransom for the decryption key.
- **Spyware**: Software that secretly monitors and collects user information.
### Phishing
Phishing is a social engineering attack that aims to steal sensitive information such as usernames, passwords, and credit card details. Attackers often masquerade as trusted entities in email or other communication channels, tricking victims into providing their information.
### Man-in-the-Middle (MitM) Attacks
MitM attacks occur when an attacker intercepts and potentially alters communication between two parties without their knowledge. This can lead to the unauthorized acquisition of sensitive information.
### Denial-of-Service (DoS) and Distributed Denial-of-Service (DDoS) Attacks
This 7-second Brain Wave Ritual Attracts Money To You.!nirahealhty
Discover the power of a simple 7-second brain wave ritual that can attract wealth and abundance into your life. By tapping into specific brain frequencies, this technique helps you manifest financial success effortlessly. Ready to transform your financial future? Try this powerful ritual and start attracting money today!
Bridging the Digital Gap Brad Spiegel Macon, GA Initiative.pptxBrad Spiegel Macon GA
Brad Spiegel Macon GA’s journey exemplifies the profound impact that one individual can have on their community. Through his unwavering dedication to digital inclusion, he’s not only bridging the gap in Macon but also setting an example for others to follow.
Multi-cluster Kubernetes Networking- Patterns, Projects and GuidelinesSanjeev Rampal
Talk presented at Kubernetes Community Day, New York, May 2024.
Technical summary of Multi-Cluster Kubernetes Networking architectures with focus on 4 key topics.
1) Key patterns for Multi-cluster architectures
2) Architectural comparison of several OSS/ CNCF projects to address these patterns
3) Evolution trends for the APIs of these projects
4) Some design recommendations & guidelines for adopting/ deploying these solutions.