A novel way of creating overlay networks for OpenNebula is presented here. Using BGP Ethernet VPN (EVPN) with VXLAN data-plane encapsulation. This provides scalable Layer 2 over IP networks.
A novel way of creating overlay networks for OpenNebula is presented here. Using BGP Ethernet VPN (EVPN) with VXLAN data-plane encapsulation. This provides scalable Layer 2 over IP networks.
Flexible NFV WAN interconnections with Neutron BGP VPNThomas Morin
[talk given during the OpenStack Summit, May 2018 in Vancouver, BC]
Telcos use OpenStack to deploy virtualized network functions, and have specific requirements to interconnect these OpenStack deployments to their backbones and mobile backhaul networks. These interconnections, in particular, need to involve dynamic routing and interconnections with operators internal VPNs.
This talk will explain the role that the networking-bgpvpn Neutron Stadium project plays to address this need, from the basics of the BGPVPN Interconnection API, to more advanced uses made possible by evolutions of this API delivered in Queens.
The more interesting use cases will be the opportunity for a step by step demo.
We'll give a status of where the project stands today in terms of feature coverage, look at the set of SDN controllers providing an implementation for this API beyond the implementation in reference drivers, and last, look at the future of the project.
Webinar NETGEAR - Prosafe Switch - Come configurare il supporto del MulticastNetgear Italia
Una introduzione alla configurazione del supporto del traffico Multicast: IGMP Snooping / Querier e MVR (Multicast VLAN Registration). Breve demo di configurazione,..
Nicolai van der Smagt has been in the business of designing, implementing and running SP networks for over 15 years. He has worked with DOCSIS, DSL and FTTH operators. Nowadays, Nicolai is helping Infradata’s pan-European customers build better access, aggregation and core networks, but his focus is on the data center, SDN, NFV and the whitebox switching revolution. His motto: “Simplicity is sophistication”.
Topic of Presentation: SDN
Language: English
Abstract:
Open source SDN that actually works -today
OpenContrail is an open source (Apache 2.0 licensed) project that provides network virtualization in the data center, using tried and tested open standards. It provides northbound APIs, integrates in Openstack or Cloudstack and is available today!
In this slot we’ll show you the architecture and ideas behind the technology and how OpenContrail enables you to avoid the pitfalls that other (closed) SDN solutions bring. If time permits we’ll also demo the technology.
VMware Virtual SAN is a distributed object storage platform that depends on IP Network connectivity to provide access to storage resources and storage management infrastructure services. Virtual SAN requires that all of the participating hosts can communicate over an IP network and are members of the same vSphere Cluster.The locally attached storage devices from all of the hosts are pooled and presented as a single datastore to all members of the cluster once they have established IP connectivity and can communicate on the same Ethernet Layer 2 domain. Virtual SAN clusters can also be formed with hosts that are connected to different Layer 3 network segments.
VMware Virtual SAN is a distributed object storage platform that depends on IP Network connectivity to provide access to storage resources and storage management infrastructure services. Virtual SAN requires that all of the participating hosts can communicate over an IP network and are members of the same vSphere Cluster.The locally attached storage devices from all of the hosts are pooled and presented as a single datastore to all members of the cluster once they have established IP connectivity and can communicate on the same Ethernet Layer 2 domain.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Switching – A Process of using the MAC address on LAN is called Layer 2 Switching.
Layer 2 Switching is the process of using hardware address of devices on a LAN to segment a network.
Switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones and that a collision domain is a network
segment with two or more devices sharing the same bandwidth.
The Secret Sauce is the Control Plane, not the Encapsulation
Host Route Distribution decoupled from the Underlay protocol
Use MultiProtocol-BGP (MP-BGP) on the Leaf nodes to distribute internal Host/Subnet Routes and external reachability information
Route-Reflectors deployed for scaling purposes
VXLAN terminates its tunnels on VTEPs (Virtual Tunnel End Point).
Each VTEP has two interfaces, one is to provide bridging function for local hosts, the other has an IP identification in the core network for VXLAN encapsulation/decapsulation.
VXLAN Encapsulation and De-encapsulation occur on T2
Bridging and Gateway are independent of the port type (1/10/40G ports)
Encapsulation happens on the egress port
Decapsulation happens on the ingress port
Service Oriented Architecture
2 or 3 layer network to Leaf & Spine
High density and bandwidth required
Layer 3 ECMP
No oversubscription
Low and uniform delay characteristic
Wire & configure once network
Uniform network configuration
Workload Mobility
Workload Placement
Segmentation
Scale
Automation & Programmability
L2 + L3 Connectivity
Physical + Virtual
Open
MPLS VPN is a family of methods for using multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) to create virtual private networks (VPNs). MPLS VPN is a flexible method to transport and route several types of network traffic using an MPLS backbone.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Flexible NFV WAN interconnections with Neutron BGP VPNThomas Morin
[talk given during the OpenStack Summit, May 2018 in Vancouver, BC]
Telcos use OpenStack to deploy virtualized network functions, and have specific requirements to interconnect these OpenStack deployments to their backbones and mobile backhaul networks. These interconnections, in particular, need to involve dynamic routing and interconnections with operators internal VPNs.
This talk will explain the role that the networking-bgpvpn Neutron Stadium project plays to address this need, from the basics of the BGPVPN Interconnection API, to more advanced uses made possible by evolutions of this API delivered in Queens.
The more interesting use cases will be the opportunity for a step by step demo.
We'll give a status of where the project stands today in terms of feature coverage, look at the set of SDN controllers providing an implementation for this API beyond the implementation in reference drivers, and last, look at the future of the project.
Webinar NETGEAR - Prosafe Switch - Come configurare il supporto del MulticastNetgear Italia
Una introduzione alla configurazione del supporto del traffico Multicast: IGMP Snooping / Querier e MVR (Multicast VLAN Registration). Breve demo di configurazione,..
Nicolai van der Smagt has been in the business of designing, implementing and running SP networks for over 15 years. He has worked with DOCSIS, DSL and FTTH operators. Nowadays, Nicolai is helping Infradata’s pan-European customers build better access, aggregation and core networks, but his focus is on the data center, SDN, NFV and the whitebox switching revolution. His motto: “Simplicity is sophistication”.
Topic of Presentation: SDN
Language: English
Abstract:
Open source SDN that actually works -today
OpenContrail is an open source (Apache 2.0 licensed) project that provides network virtualization in the data center, using tried and tested open standards. It provides northbound APIs, integrates in Openstack or Cloudstack and is available today!
In this slot we’ll show you the architecture and ideas behind the technology and how OpenContrail enables you to avoid the pitfalls that other (closed) SDN solutions bring. If time permits we’ll also demo the technology.
VMware Virtual SAN is a distributed object storage platform that depends on IP Network connectivity to provide access to storage resources and storage management infrastructure services. Virtual SAN requires that all of the participating hosts can communicate over an IP network and are members of the same vSphere Cluster.The locally attached storage devices from all of the hosts are pooled and presented as a single datastore to all members of the cluster once they have established IP connectivity and can communicate on the same Ethernet Layer 2 domain. Virtual SAN clusters can also be formed with hosts that are connected to different Layer 3 network segments.
VMware Virtual SAN is a distributed object storage platform that depends on IP Network connectivity to provide access to storage resources and storage management infrastructure services. Virtual SAN requires that all of the participating hosts can communicate over an IP network and are members of the same vSphere Cluster.The locally attached storage devices from all of the hosts are pooled and presented as a single datastore to all members of the cluster once they have established IP connectivity and can communicate on the same Ethernet Layer 2 domain.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Development (IJERD)IJERD Editor
call for paper 2012, hard copy of journal, research paper publishing, where to publish research paper,
journal publishing, how to publish research paper, Call For research paper, international journal, publishing a paper, IJERD, journal of science and technology, how to get a research paper published, publishing a paper, publishing of journal, publishing of research paper, reserach and review articles, IJERD Journal, How to publish your research paper, publish research paper, open access engineering journal, Engineering journal, Mathemetics journal, Physics journal, Chemistry journal, Computer Engineering, Computer Science journal, how to submit your paper, peer reviw journal, indexed journal, reserach and review articles, engineering journal, www.ijerd.com, research journals,
yahoo journals, bing journals, International Journal of Engineering Research and Development, google journals, hard copy of journal
Switching – A Process of using the MAC address on LAN is called Layer 2 Switching.
Layer 2 Switching is the process of using hardware address of devices on a LAN to segment a network.
Switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller ones and that a collision domain is a network
segment with two or more devices sharing the same bandwidth.
The Secret Sauce is the Control Plane, not the Encapsulation
Host Route Distribution decoupled from the Underlay protocol
Use MultiProtocol-BGP (MP-BGP) on the Leaf nodes to distribute internal Host/Subnet Routes and external reachability information
Route-Reflectors deployed for scaling purposes
VXLAN terminates its tunnels on VTEPs (Virtual Tunnel End Point).
Each VTEP has two interfaces, one is to provide bridging function for local hosts, the other has an IP identification in the core network for VXLAN encapsulation/decapsulation.
VXLAN Encapsulation and De-encapsulation occur on T2
Bridging and Gateway are independent of the port type (1/10/40G ports)
Encapsulation happens on the egress port
Decapsulation happens on the ingress port
Service Oriented Architecture
2 or 3 layer network to Leaf & Spine
High density and bandwidth required
Layer 3 ECMP
No oversubscription
Low and uniform delay characteristic
Wire & configure once network
Uniform network configuration
Workload Mobility
Workload Placement
Segmentation
Scale
Automation & Programmability
L2 + L3 Connectivity
Physical + Virtual
Open
MPLS VPN is a family of methods for using multiprotocol label switching (MPLS) to create virtual private networks (VPNs). MPLS VPN is a flexible method to transport and route several types of network traffic using an MPLS backbone.
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniquesambekarshweta25
An Approach to Detecting Writing Styles Based on Clustering Techniques
Authors:
-Devkinandan Jagtap
-Shweta Ambekar
-Harshit Singh
-Nakul Sharma (Assistant Professor)
Institution:
VIIT Pune, India
Abstract:
This paper proposes a system to differentiate between human-generated and AI-generated texts using stylometric analysis. The system analyzes text files and classifies writing styles by employing various clustering algorithms, such as k-means, k-means++, hierarchical, and DBSCAN. The effectiveness of these algorithms is measured using silhouette scores. The system successfully identifies distinct writing styles within documents, demonstrating its potential for plagiarism detection.
Introduction:
Stylometry, the study of linguistic and structural features in texts, is used for tasks like plagiarism detection, genre separation, and author verification. This paper leverages stylometric analysis to identify different writing styles and improve plagiarism detection methods.
Methodology:
The system includes data collection, preprocessing, feature extraction, dimensional reduction, machine learning models for clustering, and performance comparison using silhouette scores. Feature extraction focuses on lexical features, vocabulary richness, and readability scores. The study uses a small dataset of texts from various authors and employs algorithms like k-means, k-means++, hierarchical clustering, and DBSCAN for clustering.
Results:
Experiments show that the system effectively identifies writing styles, with silhouette scores indicating reasonable to strong clustering when k=2. As the number of clusters increases, the silhouette scores decrease, indicating a drop in accuracy. K-means and k-means++ perform similarly, while hierarchical clustering is less optimized.
Conclusion and Future Work:
The system works well for distinguishing writing styles with two clusters but becomes less accurate as the number of clusters increases. Future research could focus on adding more parameters and optimizing the methodology to improve accuracy with higher cluster values. This system can enhance existing plagiarism detection tools, especially in academic settings.
Understanding Inductive Bias in Machine LearningSUTEJAS
This presentation explores the concept of inductive bias in machine learning. It explains how algorithms come with built-in assumptions and preferences that guide the learning process. You'll learn about the different types of inductive bias and how they can impact the performance and generalizability of machine learning models.
The presentation also covers the positive and negative aspects of inductive bias, along with strategies for mitigating potential drawbacks. We'll explore examples of how bias manifests in algorithms like neural networks and decision trees.
By understanding inductive bias, you can gain valuable insights into how machine learning models work and make informed decisions when building and deploying them.
Student information management system project report ii.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project explains about the student management. This project mainly explains the various actions related to student details. This project shows some ease in adding, editing and deleting the student details. It also provides a less time consuming process for viewing, adding, editing and deleting the marks of the students.
Water billing management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Our project entitled “Water Billing Management System” aims is to generate Water bill with all the charges and penalty. Manual system that is employed is extremely laborious and quite inadequate. It only makes the process more difficult and hard.
The aim of our project is to develop a system that is meant to partially computerize the work performed in the Water Board like generating monthly Water bill, record of consuming unit of water, store record of the customer and previous unpaid record.
We used HTML/PHP as front end and MYSQL as back end for developing our project. HTML is primarily a visual design environment. We can create a android application by designing the form and that make up the user interface. Adding android application code to the form and the objects such as buttons and text boxes on them and adding any required support code in additional modular.
MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software. It is a stable ,reliable and the powerful solution with the advanced features and advantages which are as follows: Data Security.MySQL is free open source database that facilitates the effective management of the databases by connecting them to the software.
HEAP SORT ILLUSTRATED WITH HEAPIFY, BUILD HEAP FOR DYNAMIC ARRAYS.
Heap sort is a comparison-based sorting technique based on Binary Heap data structure. It is similar to the selection sort where we first find the minimum element and place the minimum element at the beginning. Repeat the same process for the remaining elements.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
KuberTENes Birthday Bash Guadalajara - K8sGPT first impressionsVictor Morales
K8sGPT is a tool that analyzes and diagnoses Kubernetes clusters. This presentation was used to share the requirements and dependencies to deploy K8sGPT in a local environment.
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
2. VXLAN demystified!
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
2
➡️ VXLAN is in simple terms switching over routing. VXLAN allows you to
create an L2 network on top of an L3 network. Using underlay and overlay
networks.
➡️ Similar to what MPLS VPNs do. PE routers know the endpoint
destinations. But the core P routers along the path have no knowledge
about the overlay networks. They only route based on external MPLS label.
➡️ The difference is MPLS VPNs provide logical layer 3 networks, whereas
VXLAN provides layer 2 overlay networks over existing layer 3 IP networks.
4. How VXLAN works?
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
4
So, to understand how VXLAN is implemented, we need to know how underlay
network is built. VXLAN utilizes this underlay network to build its overlay network.
5. The essential questions to ask are:
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
5
📌 How is the underlay network built?
📌 Once reachability is established between VTEPs using any IGP or BGP, how they
establish overlay VXLAN tunnels?
📌 How does a VTEP forward layer 2 frames from a locally connected source to a
remote destination mac address behind another VTEP?
📌 How unicast mac addresses are learnt over the VTEP cloud?
6. The essential questions to ask are:
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
6
📌 How broadcast, unknown unicast and multicast (BUM) traffic is sent across the
VTEP cloud?
📌 How to make sure there are no loops?
📌 How to best utilize the bandwidth of the underlay network using ECMP?
📌 How to adapt to dynamic changes to endpoint mac addresses? Think of VM
mobility.
7. Below is a primer for implementation steps
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
7
➡️ VXLAN adds 50+ bytes of overhead to the layer 2 frame. So be prepared to
increase the default MTU along the path.
➡️ A loopback interface to be used as Network Virtualization Endpoint (NVE)
interface on all VTEPs. This will be the source of VTEP through which other VTEPs
will be reachable.
8. Below is a primer for implementation steps
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
8
9. Below is a primer for implementation steps
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
9
➡️ An interior gateway protocol (IGP) such as OSPF or BGP can be used as the
underlay routing protocol for VTEP reachability through NVE.
➡️ Multicast group to VNI mapping on the VTEP external interfaces.
➡️ VNI to VLAN mapping on the VTEP internal interfaces.
11. Intra-VXLAN communication
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
11
➡️ Intra-VXLAN communication also referred to as L2 VNI communication is
packet transfer between two hosts in same VXLAN across the Layer 3
network between two VTEPs. In this demonstration implementation EVPN is
used to carry MAC addresses between VTEPs.
➡️ EVPN is an extension to BGP that allows the network to carry endpoint
reachability information such as Layer 2 MAC addresses (L2 VNI) and Layer 3
IP addresses (L3 VNI). This control plane technology uses MP-BGP for MAC
and IP address endpoint distribution, where MAC addresses are treated as
routes. Without EVPN, VXLAN overlay networks operate in the flood-and-
learn mode.
12. Underlay Network – Building the foundation. It is
also called transport network.
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
12
➡️ IP reachability between VTEPs can be achieved using any IGP like OSPF or even
BGP which will enable loopback interface on each VTEP to be reachable from other
VTEPs.
➡️ Multicast routing is required to process BUM (broadcast, unknown unicast and
multicast) traffic over the VTEP cloud. VTEPs join a particular multicast group for
each VNI. Each VNI is mapped to a multicast address so that only VTEPs that host a
particular VNI will receive BUM traffic and not flooded to all VTEPs. Think of
ethernet broadcast domains! Without multicast, there is unnecessary flooding.
14. Overlay network – That is VXLAN.
Tunneling the frames!
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
14
➡️ Configure VLAN to VNI mappings to identify packets at the source VTEPs.
➡️ Configure NVE interface on each VTEP and assign the local loopback interface
as the source. Also configured under NVE interface is the mapping between
multicast group and VNI.
15. Overlay network – VXLAN.
Tunneling the frames!
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
15
➡️ Configure MP-BGP EVPN neighborships between VTEPs to advertise mac-
addresses reachable between VTEPs. It is like each VTEP telling other VTEPs what
all mac-addresses are reachable through it or residing behind it. Do remember we
are configuring this for known unicast mac-addresses.
➡️ MP-BGP uses route targets to import and export L2 VNI routes containing mac-
addresses similar to how MPLS VPNs work.
16. Overlay network – VXLAN.
Tunneling the frames!
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
16
17. Host A to Host B Communication
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
17
18. Host A to Host B Communication
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
18
For two hosts in same VXLAN to communicate across the VXLAN overlay network,
below steps happen.
1️⃣ Host A sends ARP request for Host B mac-address which is behind remote
VTEP.
2️⃣ Local VTEP will identify the correct VNI and send the ARP broadcast request to
the multicast group address for that VNI. It will learn Host A mac-address and VNI
mapping.
19. Host A to Host B Communication
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
19
3️⃣ Remote VTEP will receive the ARP broadcast request and forward it on its local
L2 interface towards the destination host. It will record the source VTEP, VNI and
Host A mac-address.
4️⃣ Once reply is received from the destination host, remote VTEP will learn the
mac-address of Host B and reply to source VTEP with IP to MAC binding in ARP
response.
5️⃣ Host A can communicate with Host B over the VXLAN overlay network as if
they are connected to same switch!
20. Let's understand the technologies in a simple way!
linkedin.com/in/mohsinccie
MOHAMMED MOHSIN
CCIE#35485
20
