Iron deficiency anemia is a microcytic anemia caused by a lack of iron to produce adequate heme. It is usually a chronic condition resulting from decreased iron intake, absorption, or increased iron requirements or loss. Diagnosis involves a low MCV, MCH and Hb on CBC along with low serum iron, ferritin and transferrin saturation on iron profile tests. Peripheral smear shows microcytic hypochromic red blood cells that are sometimes pencil-shaped or pear-shaped. Bone marrow iron staining will be absent in iron deficiency anemia.

1. 1-Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
Developed by-Dr.Abdulrazzaq Othman Alagbare
M.D M.S.c C.P - Lecturer of Hematology and Immunohematology
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2. Definition: Lack of iron to make adequate heme
is the most common cause of anemia in the world especially in
poor countries
It is chronic case usually
IDA is microcytic anemia (Low MCV)
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1-Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)

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1-Iron deficiency anemia (IDA)
Anemia is a late
manifestation of
iron deficiency.
marrow iron stores
will be totally
consumed before the
hemoglobin begins
to decrease.
First drop the Hb
and second the MCV

4. Causes of iron deficiency anemia :
1-Decreased Iron Intake
2-Decreased Iron Absorption
3-Increased Iron Loss (GI bleeding-parasites)
4-Increased Iron Requirements
• Infancy
• Pregnancy
• Lactation
5-Lack of adequate iron at birth
Low birth weight
Low Hb at birth6/8/2020
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5. Laboratory diagnosis of IDA - CBC- Result
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AnemiaLow• Hb, RBCc and PCV
MicrocyticLow• MCV
Hypochromiclow• MCH
anoisocytosisHigh• RDW
WBC: normal count
PLT: slight increase
Reticulocyte count low

6. Pencil shape cell, and Pear cells
Peripheral Smear the RBC described
as
Microcytic,hypochromic
Occasional target cell.
Pencil shape cell,
Pear cells
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The most indicative morphological
changes are
 Pencil shape cell,
 Pear cells

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Chemistry Iron profile tests for IDA
1-Serum iron
• Measure the iron combined with transferrin
2-Serum ferritin:
• measure the protein which storage iron
3-Total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
• Measure the transferrin protein , not the iron
4-Transfeerin Saturation %:
• mathematical relation (serum iron/TIBC ) ( the normal is 33%)

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1-Serum iron Low
2-serum ferreting Low The Confirmatory test
3-Total iron binding capacity (TIBC) High
4-Transferring Saturation Low

9. Diagnosis of iron deficiency anaemia
CBC result • PBS Chemistry analysis Bone marrow iron
staining
• Low Hb and
PCV
• Low MCV, MCH,
• High RDW
• Microcytic
hypochromic red cells on
blood smear
• long, pencil-shaped
red cells, typically seen
in iron deficiency
• Low serum ferritin
• Low serum iron
• Low transferrin
saturation,
• Increased TIBC
absence of stainable
iron
Platelets ..increase The raised platelet count is also a recognized feature of
iron deficiency anaemia.
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10. ‫رب‬ ‫هلل‬ ‫الحمد‬
‫العالمين‬
‫مرضات‬ ‫ابتغاء‬ ‫هذا‬
‫هللا‬
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