Formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving film containing antiemetic dru...siddhant thakur
The final presentation on the research topic of "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM CONTAINING ANTIEMETIC DRUG FOR THE TREATMENT OF MOTION SICKNESS"
This presentation includes the Introduction about MDFs, Literature reviews, Statement of the research problem, Objectives of the study, Plan of research work, Drug selections, Preformulation studies, Design expert 11, Preparation of MDFs and Evaluations, Optimization of formulations and final conclusion
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metac...ijtsrd
Metaclopromide HCl is an Anti emetic used to treat nausea, vomiting and to increase gastric motility. The present work aimed at preparing oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl with the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl were prepared using HPMC E5, E15 polymers as film forming agents and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer by solvent casting method. FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution of prepared fast dissolving oral films of Metaclopromide HCl was performed using USP type II apparatus in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer medium at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37 0.5º C. The films prepared were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegration time, folding endurance and in vitro drug release and were showed satisfactory results. In conclusion, development of oral fast dissolving oral films using HPMC polymer gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action. Zeenath Ruhy "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metaclopromide HCL" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29702.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/29702/formulation-development-and-evaluation-of-oral-fast-dissolving-films-of-metaclopromide-hcl/zeenath-ruhy
The oral route is the most favorable route for administration of drugs because of accurate dosage, low cost of therapy, self medication, non-invasive method, and ease of administration leading to a high level of patient compliance. Of the oral Dosage forms, solid dosage form is the preferred class of product as tablet represents a unit dosage form in which one dose of drug is placed accurately.
ABSTRACT
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition which has an adverse effect on quality of life. The presence
of urgency incontinence confers significant morbidity above and beyond that of OAB sufferers who are
continent. The primary treatment for OAB and urgency incontinence is a combination of behavioral measures
and antimuscarinic drug therapy. The ideal antimuscarinic agent should effectively relieve the symptoms of
OAB, with the minimum of side effects; it should be available as a once-daily sustained release formulation
and in dosage strength that allows easy dose titration for the majority of sufferers. Solifenacin succinate was
launched in 2005 and has been shown in both short and long term clinical trials to fulfill these requirements.
Solifenacin is a competitive M3 receptor antagonist with a long half-life (45-68 hours). It is available in two
dosage strengths namely a 5 or 10 mg once-daily tablet. The efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin for the
treatment of all symptoms of OAB has been evaluated in a number of large, placebo controlled, randomized
trials. Long-term safety, efficacy, tolerability and persistence with treatment have been established in an open
label 40 week continuation study.
KEYWORDS
Solifenacin, Urinary incontinence, Overactive bladder and Wet granulation method.
Formulation and evaluation of fast-disintegrating tablets of FlupirtineijperSS
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in fast-dissolving or disintegrating tablets have brought convenience in dosing to elderly and children who have trouble in swallowing tablets. The main objective of the present study was to prepare the orally disintegrating tablets of Flupirtine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) using different superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Different concentrations (4%, 8%, and 10%) of super disintegrants such as Primogel, Kollidon Cl, Lycoat were used in the formulation. Mannitol was used as a bulking agent and to enhance the mouth feel and taste. The formulated tablets were evaluated for pre-formulation and post-formulation parameters and they were found to be satisfactory and within the official limits. All the tablets shown hardness 3-4.5kg/cm2, friability of all the formulations was less than 1%, weight variation and drug content were found to be within official limits. Amongst all formulations, the optimized formulation F9 was prepared with Lycoat as a super disintegrant showed least disintegration time and faster dissolution.
Key words: Flupirtine, fast-disintegrating tablet, direct compression method, superdisintegrants.
Aim: This diploma thesis focused on the study of the influence of two types of high-shear
mixers as well as the effect of poly(meth)acrylate concentrations on the properties of
prepared granules and consequently matrix tablets.
Methods: Caffeine was employed as the model drug and matrix tablets were prepared via
the wet granulation process using two different high-shear mixers either Stephan UMC5 or
Rotolab mixer. Eudragit® NM 30D was used in various concentrations as a wet granulation
agent for time controlled drug release with low permeability and pH independent swelling.
In addition, lactose monohydrate was added as indifferent soluble filler, magnesium
stearate served as the antiadhesive excipient and colloidal silica was added for flowability
improvement. Matrix tablets were evaluated for mass, content and dosage uniformity,
uniformity of dosage units, friability, hardness and dissolution according to Ph. Eur.
Results - Conclusions: All prepared tablets exhibited sustained drug release. The
employment of different mixers for sustained matrix tablets preparation did not
significantly influence the release profile of caffeine (Eudragit® NM concentrations 9-
14%), except when the lower Eudragit® NM concentration (7%) was used for granulation.
Furthermore, Eudragit® NM concentrations (7 – 14% per tablet) did not significantly affect
the release profile of caffeine from matrix tablets, neither in the Stephan UMC5 nor the
Rotolab mixer.
Formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving film containing antiemetic dru...siddhant thakur
The final presentation on the research topic of "FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF MOUTH DISSOLVING FILM CONTAINING ANTIEMETIC DRUG FOR THE TREATMENT OF MOTION SICKNESS"
This presentation includes the Introduction about MDFs, Literature reviews, Statement of the research problem, Objectives of the study, Plan of research work, Drug selections, Preformulation studies, Design expert 11, Preparation of MDFs and Evaluations, Optimization of formulations and final conclusion
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metac...ijtsrd
Metaclopromide HCl is an Anti emetic used to treat nausea, vomiting and to increase gastric motility. The present work aimed at preparing oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl with the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl were prepared using HPMC E5, E15 polymers as film forming agents and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer by solvent casting method. FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution of prepared fast dissolving oral films of Metaclopromide HCl was performed using USP type II apparatus in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer medium at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37 0.5º C. The films prepared were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegration time, folding endurance and in vitro drug release and were showed satisfactory results. In conclusion, development of oral fast dissolving oral films using HPMC polymer gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action. Zeenath Ruhy "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metaclopromide HCL" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29702.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/29702/formulation-development-and-evaluation-of-oral-fast-dissolving-films-of-metaclopromide-hcl/zeenath-ruhy
The oral route is the most favorable route for administration of drugs because of accurate dosage, low cost of therapy, self medication, non-invasive method, and ease of administration leading to a high level of patient compliance. Of the oral Dosage forms, solid dosage form is the preferred class of product as tablet represents a unit dosage form in which one dose of drug is placed accurately.
ABSTRACT
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition which has an adverse effect on quality of life. The presence
of urgency incontinence confers significant morbidity above and beyond that of OAB sufferers who are
continent. The primary treatment for OAB and urgency incontinence is a combination of behavioral measures
and antimuscarinic drug therapy. The ideal antimuscarinic agent should effectively relieve the symptoms of
OAB, with the minimum of side effects; it should be available as a once-daily sustained release formulation
and in dosage strength that allows easy dose titration for the majority of sufferers. Solifenacin succinate was
launched in 2005 and has been shown in both short and long term clinical trials to fulfill these requirements.
Solifenacin is a competitive M3 receptor antagonist with a long half-life (45-68 hours). It is available in two
dosage strengths namely a 5 or 10 mg once-daily tablet. The efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin for the
treatment of all symptoms of OAB has been evaluated in a number of large, placebo controlled, randomized
trials. Long-term safety, efficacy, tolerability and persistence with treatment have been established in an open
label 40 week continuation study.
KEYWORDS
Solifenacin, Urinary incontinence, Overactive bladder and Wet granulation method.
Formulation and evaluation of fast-disintegrating tablets of FlupirtineijperSS
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in fast-dissolving or disintegrating tablets have brought convenience in dosing to elderly and children who have trouble in swallowing tablets. The main objective of the present study was to prepare the orally disintegrating tablets of Flupirtine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) using different superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Different concentrations (4%, 8%, and 10%) of super disintegrants such as Primogel, Kollidon Cl, Lycoat were used in the formulation. Mannitol was used as a bulking agent and to enhance the mouth feel and taste. The formulated tablets were evaluated for pre-formulation and post-formulation parameters and they were found to be satisfactory and within the official limits. All the tablets shown hardness 3-4.5kg/cm2, friability of all the formulations was less than 1%, weight variation and drug content were found to be within official limits. Amongst all formulations, the optimized formulation F9 was prepared with Lycoat as a super disintegrant showed least disintegration time and faster dissolution.
Key words: Flupirtine, fast-disintegrating tablet, direct compression method, superdisintegrants.
Aim: This diploma thesis focused on the study of the influence of two types of high-shear
mixers as well as the effect of poly(meth)acrylate concentrations on the properties of
prepared granules and consequently matrix tablets.
Methods: Caffeine was employed as the model drug and matrix tablets were prepared via
the wet granulation process using two different high-shear mixers either Stephan UMC5 or
Rotolab mixer. Eudragit® NM 30D was used in various concentrations as a wet granulation
agent for time controlled drug release with low permeability and pH independent swelling.
In addition, lactose monohydrate was added as indifferent soluble filler, magnesium
stearate served as the antiadhesive excipient and colloidal silica was added for flowability
improvement. Matrix tablets were evaluated for mass, content and dosage uniformity,
uniformity of dosage units, friability, hardness and dissolution according to Ph. Eur.
Results - Conclusions: All prepared tablets exhibited sustained drug release. The
employment of different mixers for sustained matrix tablets preparation did not
significantly influence the release profile of caffeine (Eudragit® NM concentrations 9-
14%), except when the lower Eudragit® NM concentration (7%) was used for granulation.
Furthermore, Eudragit® NM concentrations (7 – 14% per tablet) did not significantly affect
the release profile of caffeine from matrix tablets, neither in the Stephan UMC5 nor the
Rotolab mixer.
Formulation and Evaluation of Amlodipine Fast Dissolving Tabletsijtsrd
Fast dissolving tablet is a new era for successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide successful drug delivery. In the present study, an attempt was made to design and evaluate fast dissolving tablets of Amlodipine besylate, which is used commonly for the treatment of angina pectoris. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method followed by sublimation method using super disintegrants sodium starch glycolate, crosspovidone and croscarmellose sodium. The prepared powder blends were evaluated for preformulation parameters. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, drug content uniformity, friability and in vitro drug release studies. In vitro drug release studies were performed by using USP type II apparatus paddle method at 50 rpm in 900 ml of 0.1N HCl as dissolution medium for 30 minutes at 37±0.5°C. The formulation F9 containing Croscarmellose sodium 7 showed better disintegration and dissolution up to 30 minutes. Hence, formulation F9 was considered as optimized formulation which showed the best drug release profile up to 30 minutes. The results of mathematical model fitting of data obtained indicated that, the best fit model in all the cases the release was found to be by diffusion and fickian release. The results of FTIR analysis showed that there was no physical and chemical interaction between drug and other excipients. The study indicates that the fast dissolving tablets of Amlodipine besylate can effectively reduce the adverse effects and frequency of administration of the drug. Aparna. P | Dr. Subash Chandran M. P | Remya S B "Formulation and Evaluation of Amlodipine Fast Dissolving Tablets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29563.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/29563/formulation-and-evaluation-of-amlodipine-fast-dissolving-tablets/aparna-p
The main objective of the present research work is to formulate the Clopidogrel Fast Dissolving tablets. Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet drug, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control Heart attack, Hypertension by inhibiting Platelet activation and aggregation .The Fast Dissolving tablets of Clopidogrel were prepared employing different concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Superdisintegrant by Direct Compression technique using 32 factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1 and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90% were selected as dependent variables. Totally nine formulations were designed and evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release. From the Results it was concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the in-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted into different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) and regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of developed polynomial equations was verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1, C2). According to SUPAC guidelines, the formulation (F5) containing combination of 15% Crospovidone and 15% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor f2=91.3936, dissimilarity factor f1= 1.203& No significant difference, t= -0.00062) to marketed product (PLAVIX-75). The selected formulation (F1) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release found to be Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.226).
Development and Evaluation of Enteric Coated Herbal Drug Delivery System for ...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Abstract:
The purpose of present research work was to
optimize the formulation of fast dissolving tablet
of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is one the most
prescribed antiepileptic drug. Fast dissolving
tablets of carbamazepine were prepared by using
different types of superdisintegrants like
croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch
glycolate. Fast dissolving tablet is prepared by
direct compression method. The formulations
were evaluated for wetting time, hardness,
friability, content uniformity, invitro
disintegration time, release profile. The result
revealed that the formulation F5 which containing
the 5% croscarmellose sodium as a
superdisintegrant have good dissolution profile
with shortest Disintegration time. It can be
concluded that the tablet of carbamazepine with
better pharmaceutical properties than conventional
tablets could be obtained using formulation F5.
Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tabletsSURYAKANTVERMA2
The concept of mouth dissolving drug delivery systems (MDDDS) or fast dissolving tablets emerged with an objective to improve patient’s compliance.
These dosage forms rapidly disintegrate and/or dissolve to release the drug as soon as they come in contact with saliva, thus obviating the need for water during administration, an attribute that makes them highly attractive for pediatric and geriatric patients.
Design and in vitro evaluation of bilayer tablets of Tramadol hydrochloride f...ijperSS
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present work was to design bilayer tablet of Tramadol hydrochloride for biphasic release and its in vitro evaluation. Bilayer tablets comprises of two layers, i.e., immediate release and sustained release layer. The immediate release layer comprised of various superdisintegrants and the sustained release layer comprised HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M as the release retarding polymers. The bilayer tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The seven different formulations (F1-F7) were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out for the optimized formulation (F6). It has found that the release of drug from the sustained release layer by 99.5% in 12 h. FT-IR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers used in the study. The release of Tramadol hydrochloride was found to follow a pattern of Korsmeyer-Peppas, with Quasi-Fickian diffusion. Accelerated stability studies were carried out on the prepared tablets in accordance with ICH guidelines. There were no changes observed in physicochemical properties and drug release pattern of tablets. Biphasic drug release pattern was successfully achieved through the formulation of bilayer tablets in this study.
Key words: Tramadol hydrochloride, bilayer tablet, direct compression, carmellose sodium, cross povidone, HPMC K4M.
Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets in MirtazapineSriramNagarajan15
The present study was undertaken with an aim to development of formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets in mirtazapine. Mirtazapine, Gelatin, Cross Caramellose Sodium, Mannitol, aerosil, magnesium stearate, aspartame, mango flavor and microcrystalline cellulose were used for the preparation of tablets. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated for tablets thickness, weight variation, tablet hardness, friability, and in vitro drug release. Formulation F6 can be considered as an ideal or optimized formulation for mouth dissolving tablets of mirtazapine. It can be concluded that mouth dissolving tablet of mirtazapine. Can be successfully formulated and improving its bio availability.
Medicated Chewing Gum (MCG) is a novel drug delivery system containing masticatory gum base with pharmacologically active ingredient and intended to use for local treatment of mouth diseases or systemic absorption through oral mucosa.
In the present study an attempt will be made to design oral disintegrating tablets of Sumatriptan succinate (anti migraine) by using treated agar and Croscarmellose sodium as a superdisintigrants with a view to provide a convenient means of administration to those patients suffering from difficulties in swallowing such as pediatric and geriatric patients and uncooperative mentally ill patients.
Purpose
Most oral dosage forms such as tablets and capsules are not suitable for older people with swallowing difficulties. Capsules opening and tablet crushing are commonly used to overcome this problem. In addition to safety and legal concerns, this approach cannot be applied to sustained release products because of the loss of their functionality, consequently causing dose dumping and, undesirable side effects and even toxicity. The number of appropriate medicines for older patients with swallowing difficulties is limited because of the absence of appropriate oral dosage forms. One of the most appropriate forms of medicines for patients with swallowing difficulties are liquid formulations.
To overcome the described issues in older patients with dysphagia, the present study aimed at the development of film-coated sustained release microparticles for use in redispersible multi-dose oral suspensions to ensure facilitated swallowing and acceptable shelf life.
Background: The main aim of present research investigation is to formulate the Risperidone Fast Dissolving tablets. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used for treating schizophrenia, bipolar mania and autism by blocking D2 and 5-HT2A receptors. Methods: The Fast Dissolving tablets of Risperidone were prepared employing different concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Superdisintegrants by Direct Compression technique using 32 factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1 and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t50% ,t90%were selected as dependent variables. Results and Discussion:
Totally nine formulations were designed, preapred and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, In-vitro drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) & regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1, C2). According to SUPAC guidelines the formulation (F5) containing combination of 10% Crospovidone and 10% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor f2= 93.556, dissimilarity factor f1= 0.976& No significant difference, t= 0.022) to marketed product (RISPERDAL-4). Conclusion: The selected formulation (F5) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release was found to be Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.383).
Formulation and Evaluation of Amlodipine Fast Dissolving Tabletsijtsrd
Fast dissolving tablet is a new era for successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide successful drug delivery. In the present study, an attempt was made to design and evaluate fast dissolving tablets of Amlodipine besylate, which is used commonly for the treatment of angina pectoris. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method followed by sublimation method using super disintegrants sodium starch glycolate, crosspovidone and croscarmellose sodium. The prepared powder blends were evaluated for preformulation parameters. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, drug content uniformity, friability and in vitro drug release studies. In vitro drug release studies were performed by using USP type II apparatus paddle method at 50 rpm in 900 ml of 0.1N HCl as dissolution medium for 30 minutes at 37±0.5°C. The formulation F9 containing Croscarmellose sodium 7 showed better disintegration and dissolution up to 30 minutes. Hence, formulation F9 was considered as optimized formulation which showed the best drug release profile up to 30 minutes. The results of mathematical model fitting of data obtained indicated that, the best fit model in all the cases the release was found to be by diffusion and fickian release. The results of FTIR analysis showed that there was no physical and chemical interaction between drug and other excipients. The study indicates that the fast dissolving tablets of Amlodipine besylate can effectively reduce the adverse effects and frequency of administration of the drug. Aparna. P | Dr. Subash Chandran M. P | Remya S B "Formulation and Evaluation of Amlodipine Fast Dissolving Tablets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29563.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/29563/formulation-and-evaluation-of-amlodipine-fast-dissolving-tablets/aparna-p
The main objective of the present research work is to formulate the Clopidogrel Fast Dissolving tablets. Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet drug, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control Heart attack, Hypertension by inhibiting Platelet activation and aggregation .The Fast Dissolving tablets of Clopidogrel were prepared employing different concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Superdisintegrant by Direct Compression technique using 32 factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1 and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90% were selected as dependent variables. Totally nine formulations were designed and evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release. From the Results it was concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the in-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted into different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) and regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of developed polynomial equations was verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1, C2). According to SUPAC guidelines, the formulation (F5) containing combination of 15% Crospovidone and 15% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor f2=91.3936, dissimilarity factor f1= 1.203& No significant difference, t= -0.00062) to marketed product (PLAVIX-75). The selected formulation (F1) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release found to be Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.226).
Development and Evaluation of Enteric Coated Herbal Drug Delivery System for ...iosrphr_editor
The IOSR Journal of Pharmacy (IOSRPHR) is an open access online & offline peer reviewed international journal, which publishes innovative research papers, reviews, mini-reviews, short communications and notes dealing with Pharmaceutical Sciences( Pharmaceutical Technology, Pharmaceutics, Biopharmaceutics, Pharmacokinetics, Pharmaceutical/Medicinal Chemistry, Computational Chemistry and Molecular Drug Design, Pharmacognosy & Phytochemistry, Pharmacology, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Pharmacy Practice, Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, Cell Biology, Genomics and Proteomics, Pharmacogenomics, Bioinformatics and Biotechnology of Pharmaceutical Interest........more details on Aim & Scope).
Abstract:
The purpose of present research work was to
optimize the formulation of fast dissolving tablet
of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is one the most
prescribed antiepileptic drug. Fast dissolving
tablets of carbamazepine were prepared by using
different types of superdisintegrants like
croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch
glycolate. Fast dissolving tablet is prepared by
direct compression method. The formulations
were evaluated for wetting time, hardness,
friability, content uniformity, invitro
disintegration time, release profile. The result
revealed that the formulation F5 which containing
the 5% croscarmellose sodium as a
superdisintegrant have good dissolution profile
with shortest Disintegration time. It can be
concluded that the tablet of carbamazepine with
better pharmaceutical properties than conventional
tablets could be obtained using formulation F5.
Formulation and evaluation of fast dissolving tabletsSURYAKANTVERMA2
The concept of mouth dissolving drug delivery systems (MDDDS) or fast dissolving tablets emerged with an objective to improve patient’s compliance.
These dosage forms rapidly disintegrate and/or dissolve to release the drug as soon as they come in contact with saliva, thus obviating the need for water during administration, an attribute that makes them highly attractive for pediatric and geriatric patients.
Design and in vitro evaluation of bilayer tablets of Tramadol hydrochloride f...ijperSS
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present work was to design bilayer tablet of Tramadol hydrochloride for biphasic release and its in vitro evaluation. Bilayer tablets comprises of two layers, i.e., immediate release and sustained release layer. The immediate release layer comprised of various superdisintegrants and the sustained release layer comprised HPMC K4M, HPMC K15M, and HPMC K100M as the release retarding polymers. The bilayer tablets were prepared by direct compression method. The seven different formulations (F1-F7) were evaluated for pre- and post-compression parameters. In vitro dissolution studies were carried out for the optimized formulation (F6). It has found that the release of drug from the sustained release layer by 99.5% in 12 h. FT-IR studies revealed that there was no interaction between the drug and polymers used in the study. The release of Tramadol hydrochloride was found to follow a pattern of Korsmeyer-Peppas, with Quasi-Fickian diffusion. Accelerated stability studies were carried out on the prepared tablets in accordance with ICH guidelines. There were no changes observed in physicochemical properties and drug release pattern of tablets. Biphasic drug release pattern was successfully achieved through the formulation of bilayer tablets in this study.
Key words: Tramadol hydrochloride, bilayer tablet, direct compression, carmellose sodium, cross povidone, HPMC K4M.
Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets in MirtazapineSriramNagarajan15
The present study was undertaken with an aim to development of formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets in mirtazapine. Mirtazapine, Gelatin, Cross Caramellose Sodium, Mannitol, aerosil, magnesium stearate, aspartame, mango flavor and microcrystalline cellulose were used for the preparation of tablets. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated for tablets thickness, weight variation, tablet hardness, friability, and in vitro drug release. Formulation F6 can be considered as an ideal or optimized formulation for mouth dissolving tablets of mirtazapine. It can be concluded that mouth dissolving tablet of mirtazapine. Can be successfully formulated and improving its bio availability.
Medicated Chewing Gum (MCG) is a novel drug delivery system containing masticatory gum base with pharmacologically active ingredient and intended to use for local treatment of mouth diseases or systemic absorption through oral mucosa.
In the present study an attempt will be made to design oral disintegrating tablets of Sumatriptan succinate (anti migraine) by using treated agar and Croscarmellose sodium as a superdisintigrants with a view to provide a convenient means of administration to those patients suffering from difficulties in swallowing such as pediatric and geriatric patients and uncooperative mentally ill patients.
Purpose
Most oral dosage forms such as tablets and capsules are not suitable for older people with swallowing difficulties. Capsules opening and tablet crushing are commonly used to overcome this problem. In addition to safety and legal concerns, this approach cannot be applied to sustained release products because of the loss of their functionality, consequently causing dose dumping and, undesirable side effects and even toxicity. The number of appropriate medicines for older patients with swallowing difficulties is limited because of the absence of appropriate oral dosage forms. One of the most appropriate forms of medicines for patients with swallowing difficulties are liquid formulations.
To overcome the described issues in older patients with dysphagia, the present study aimed at the development of film-coated sustained release microparticles for use in redispersible multi-dose oral suspensions to ensure facilitated swallowing and acceptable shelf life.
Background: The main aim of present research investigation is to formulate the Risperidone Fast Dissolving tablets. Risperidone, an atypical antipsychotic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used for treating schizophrenia, bipolar mania and autism by blocking D2 and 5-HT2A receptors. Methods: The Fast Dissolving tablets of Risperidone were prepared employing different concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Superdisintegrants by Direct Compression technique using 32 factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1 and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t50% ,t90%were selected as dependent variables. Results and Discussion:
Totally nine formulations were designed, preapred and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, In-vitro drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) & regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1, C2). According to SUPAC guidelines the formulation (F5) containing combination of 10% Crospovidone and 10% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor f2= 93.556, dissimilarity factor f1= 0.976& No significant difference, t= 0.022) to marketed product (RISPERDAL-4). Conclusion: The selected formulation (F5) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release was found to be Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.383).
Background: The main objective of present research work is to formulate the Carbamazepine Fast Dissoving tablets. Carbamazepine, an
antiepileptic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain by
blocking use-dependent sodium channels. Methods: The Fast Dissoving tablets of Carbamazepine were prepared employing different
concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Sperdisintegrants by Direct Compression technique
using 32
factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1
and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t
50% ,t90%were selected as dependent variables. Results and Discussion:
Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, Invitro
drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro
dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) &
regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of
developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1
, C2
). According to SUPAC guidelines the
formulation (F5
) containing combination of 9.375% Crospovidone and 9.375% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor
f
2
=82.675, dissimilarity factor f1
= 2.049 & No significant difference, t= 0.041) to marketed product (TEGRETOL-100). Conclusion: The
selected formulation (F5
) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.665).
KEYWORDS: Carbamazepine, 3
2Factorial Design, Crospovidone , croscarmellose Sodium, Wetting Time, Disintegration Time.
Formulation development and invitro evaluation of lamotrigine fast dissolving...SriramNagarajan19
The present study was to formulate and evaluate oral fast dissolving Oral tablet containing Lamotrigine. Present study reveals that all the nine formulated tablet showed satisfactory tablet parameters. It can be concluded that, Oral fast dissolving tablet -containing Lamotrigine can be prepared by direct compression method. 10% CCS (FV) tablet exhibited required disintegration time and dissolution time. The drug release was about 98.7 % in 15min. The accelerated stability studies of the optimized F5 formulation indicates that the formulated oral fast dissolving tablet were unaffected after 3 months storage under accelerated conditions as there were no signs of visually distinguishable changes in appearance, disintegration time and cumulative percentage of drug release. From the present investigation it can be concluded that oral fast dissolving tablet formulation can be a potential novel drug dosage form for pediatric, geriatric and also for general population.
Mouth dissolving tablets- A unique dosage form curtailed for special purpose:...IOSR Journals
The concept of mouth dissolving tablets known as MDTs has emerged with an objective to improve patient’s compliance. Methods to improve patient’s compliance have always attracted scientists towards the development of fancy oral drug delivery systems. Among them, mouth dissolving drug delivery systems (MDDDS) have obtained an important position in the market by overcoming previously encountered administration problems and contributing to extension of patent life. These dosage forms rapidly disintegrate in contact with saliva even within <60 seconds, an attribute that makes them highly attractive for paediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and in travelling may not have access to water. This special dosage form has some prerequisite criteria for formulation and this also involves the use of special techniques for large scale industrial production. The aim of this article is to review the advantages and disadvantages of MDTs, common excipients used in the formulation especially highlighting the use of superdisintegrating agents and taste masking agents in formulation and finally the popular methods used to produce large scale tablets for commercial purpose.
Oral Dispersible Film is a Novel Drug Delivery System intended to bypass the hepatic first pass metabolism and also many other benefits over the conventional oral dosage forms. It provides the user to administer the drug without the use of water and without ant expertise in administration.
Investigations were carried out to see the effect of pesticide 'companion' on the proximal composition and enzyme namely amylase, GOT and GPT of whole green gram in the early stages of germination. The findings revealed that the pesticides increase the enzyme activity in the early stages of germination and thus increase the metabolic rate. The Vitamin-C content was also enhanced with the use of pesticide, but there was a decrease in the proximal composition of the gram when treated with pesticide.
Afghanistan as a landlocked country occupies crucial geo-strategic
location connecting East & west Asia. This work is also the sincere effort to highlight the
factors which can bring sustainable development and peace in Afghanistan & also those
negative factors which are encouraging extremism of Taliban, terrorism and undue interference
by some countries. Generally it has been seen that the regional powers are also vary in action.
I also highlight the role of regional and trans- regional actors which are creating obstacles
in the construction of peaceful Afghanistan. I have also try to highlights the suggestions and
recommendation for the establishment of sustainable development & peace in afghanistan
through the collective support of major powers.
Key words : Afghanistan, Taliban, Great Game, Durand line,Russia ,Caspian sea,WTC
The research paper focuses on the Indian immigrant's experiences of immigration, nostalgia, language,
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and in her diasporic works; she has highlighted Indian immigrants' cultural displacement in the adopted country,
Canada. In the present book, she has explored the immigrant life of Indians especially immigrated women in their
adopted country. Her characters are always live in confusion to accept the culture of the native country or host
country and express their socio-cultural ties towards their homeland.
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Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
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2024.06.01 Introducing a competency framework for languag learning materials ...Sandy Millin
http://sandymillin.wordpress.com/iateflwebinar2024
Published classroom materials form the basis of syllabuses, drive teacher professional development, and have a potentially huge influence on learners, teachers and education systems. All teachers also create their own materials, whether a few sentences on a blackboard, a highly-structured fully-realised online course, or anything in between. Despite this, the knowledge and skills needed to create effective language learning materials are rarely part of teacher training, and are mostly learnt by trial and error.
Knowledge and skills frameworks, generally called competency frameworks, for ELT teachers, trainers and managers have existed for a few years now. However, until I created one for my MA dissertation, there wasn’t one drawing together what we need to know and do to be able to effectively produce language learning materials.
This webinar will introduce you to my framework, highlighting the key competencies I identified from my research. It will also show how anybody involved in language teaching (any language, not just English!), teacher training, managing schools or developing language learning materials can benefit from using the framework.
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1. 1SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
Introduction
The concept of Mouth Dissolving Drug
Delivery System emerged from the desire to provide
patient with more conventional means of taking their
medication. It is difficult formanypatients to swallow
tablets and hard gelatin capsules. Hence they do not
comply with prescription, which results in high
incidence of non-compliance and ineffective therapy.
In some cases such as motion sickness, sudden
episodes of allergic attacks or coughing and
unavailabilityofwater,swallowingconventionaltablets
maybedifficult.Particularlythedifficultyisexperienced
by pediatric and geriatric patients. Such problems can
be resolved by means of Mouth Dissolving Tablet.
When put on tongue, this tablet disintegrates
instantaneously, releasing the drug, which dissolves
or disperses in the saliva. Some drugs are absorbed
from the mouth, pharynx and esophagus as the saliva
passes down into the stomach. In such cases,
bioavailabilityofdrugissignificantlygreaterthanthose
observed from conventional tablet dosage form.
MDTsdisintegrate and/ordissolve rapidlyin
the saliva without the need for water. Some tablets are
designed to dissolve in saliva remarkably fast, within
a few seconds, and are true fast-dissolving tablets.
Others contain agents to enhance the rate of tablet
disintegration in the oral cavity, and are more
appropriatelytermedfast-disintegratingtablets,asthey
may take up to a minute to completely disintegrate.
When put on tongue, this tablet disintegrates
instantaneously, releasing the drug, which dissolves
or disperses in the saliva. Some drugs are absorbed
from the mouth, pharynx and esophagus as the saliva
passes down into the stomach. In such cases,
bioavailabilityofdrugissignificantlygreaterthanthose
observedfromconventionaltabletdosageform.MDTs,
as a novel dosageform, have several characteristics to
Research Paper -Pharmaceutical Science
December , 2013
Formulation andEvaluationofMouthDissolving
Tablets of Ondansetron HCL.
* Rohit Singh Parihar
*InstituteofPharmaceuticalscienceandresearchcentre,BhagwantUniversity,Ajmer,India
A B S T R A C T
Ondansetron used in the treatment of prevention of nausea and vomiting associated with emetogenic cancers chemotherapy,
postoperation, and radiation. It shows low bioavailability due to high hepatic first pass metabolism and protein binding.
Hence the present work was undertaken to formulate mouth dissolving tablets of Ondansetron with an objective -
* To Improve and enhance bioavailability.
* To avoid first pass effect by administering the drug through mouth.
* To improve therapeutic efficacy and patient compliance.
distinguishthemfromthemoretraditionaldosageforms.
Taste-maskingisofcriticalimportanceintheformulation
of an acceptable MDT. Traditional tablet formulations
generally do not address the issue of taste masking,
because it is assumed that the dosage form will not
dissolve until passing the oral cavity. Many oral
suspensions, syrups, and chewable tablets simply
contain flavors, sugars and other sweeteners to
overwhelm or complement the bitter taste of the drug.
Current methods of taste masking in fast dissolving/
drug particles.
MDTs are the disintegrating tablets include
sweeteners and flavors; however, these are not a
sufficient means for taste-masking many bitter drugs.
Most of the MDT technologies incorporate unique
formsoftastemaskingaswell.Theprimarymethodsof
taste-maskingincludeadsorptionontoorcomplexation
with carriers and spray coating of solid dosage forms,
whichincreaseconsumerchoice,forthereasonofrapid
disintegrate/dissolve in oral cavity within seconds and
swallowed without the need of water or chewing. As
tablet disintegrates in mouth this could enhance the
clinical effect of the drug through pre-gastric absorp-
tion from the mouth, pharynx and esophagus. This
leads to an increase in bioavailability by avoiding first
pass metabolism.
DifficultiesWithExisting OralDosageForm
1) Patient may suffer from tremors therefore they have
difficulty to take powder and liquids. In dysphasia
physical obstacles and adherence to an esophagus
may cause gastrointestinal ulceration.
2) Swallowing of solid dosage forms like tablet and
capsules and produce difficulty for young adult of
incomplete development of muscular and nervous
system and elderly patients suffer from dysphasia.
3) Liquid medicaments (suspension and emulsion) are
packed in multidose container; therefore achieve
2. 2 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
ment of uniformity in the content of each dose may
bedifficult.
4) Buccalandsublingualformationmaycauseirritation
to oral mucosa, so patients refused to use such
medications
5) Cost of products is main factor as parenteral formu
lations are most costly and discomfort.
Advantages of Fast Dissolving Drug Delivery System
FDDTs
Fast dissolving technology offers:
1) Improved compliance/added convenience.
2) No water needed.
3) No chewing needs.
4) Better taste.
5) Improved stability.
6) Suitableforcontrolled/sustainedreleaseactives.
7) Allows high drug loading.
8) Ability to provide advantages of liquid medica
tion in the form of solid preparation.
Drug Profile
Ondansetron Hydrochloride Dihydrate Proprietary
name: Zofran; Zophren. IUPAC Name: 1,2,3,9-
Tetrahydro-9-methyl-3-[(2-methyl-1H-imidazol-1-
yl)methyl]4Hcarbazol-4-onehydrochloridedehydrate
Molecularformula:C18H19N3O,HCl,2H2O
Molecularweight:365.9
Structure:
Volumeofdistribution
Approx. 140 to 160 L; also reported as 1.3 to 2.9 L/kg.
3.05L/kg(mildliverdisease);
3.36 L/kg (moderate); 3.86 L/kg (severe); 2.5 L/kg
(healthy individuals).
Clearance
16.6 L/h (patients with mild liver disease); 15.9 L/h
(moderate liver disease); 11.6 L/h
(severe); 28.3 L/h (healthy volunteers).
Distributioninblood
Blood:plasma ratio is 0.83. It distributes into erythro-
cytes and circulates bound
within.
Protein binding
70 to 75%.
Dose
Adult:8mg(orally)beforetreatmentfollowedby8 mg
every12h.16mgdaily(byrectumadministration)or32
mg(intravenously).Children:5mg/m2(intravenously)
immediatelybeforetreatmentandthen4mgorallyevery
12 h.Alternatively, 100 g/kg (maximum 4 mg) (over 2
years old).
MechanismofAction:
Ondansetron is a selective serotonin 5-HT3
receptorantagonist.Theantiemeticactivityofthedrug
is brought about through the inhibition of 5-HT3 re-
ceptors present both centrally (medullary chemore-
ceptorzone)andperipherally(GItract).Thisinhibition
of5-HT3receptorsinturninhibitsthevisceralafferent
stimulation of the vomiting center, likely indirectly at
the level ofthe areapostrema, aswellas through direct
inhibitionofserotoninactivitywithintheareapostrema
and the chemoreceptor trigger zone
Evaluation of Fast Mouth Dissolving Tablets of
Ondansetron Hydrochloride:-
A) Precompression Parameters.
a) Percentage yield.
b) Carr's Index & hausner's ratio.
c) bulk Density.
d) Angle of repose.
(B) Post compression Parameters
a) Thickness of Tablets
b) Taste, Colour, Odour of Tablets
c) Hardness and Friability of Tablets
d) Wetting time of Tablets
e) Moisture Uptake by Tablets
(C) DrugcontentandReleasestudies
a) Assay of Pooled Sample of Tablets
Description
A white crystalline solid from water/isopro-
panolwithm.p.178.5°to 179.5°.Itis
soluble in aqueous solutions but solubility decreases
withpH>5.7.
Dissociation Constant.
Hydrochloride dihydrate; pKa7.4.
Bioavailability
60% (young healthy subjects), 65% (elderly); 85%
(patients with cancer) and 100%
(severe hepatic impairment).
Half-life
3 hour (young healthysubjects), 5 h (elderly)
and 15 to 32 h (severe hepatic impairment).
Evaluation Of Mdt Of Ondansetron Hydrochloride Precompression Parameters:-
S.no Parameters F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
1) Bulk Density 0.47 ± 0.01 0.453 ± 0.01 0.456 ± 0.05 0.436 ± 0.02 0.463 ± 0.01
2) Tapped Density 0.58 ± 2.6 0.556 ±0.01 0.543 ± 0.01 0.536 ± 0.03 0.53 ± 0.02
3) Carr's Index 18.68 ± 2.6 18.41 ± 3.83 16.5 ±1.38 14.2 ± 3.23 12.56 ± 0.73
4) Hausner Ratio 1.118 ± 0.004 1.227 ± 0.05 1.19 ± 0.022 1.07 ± 0.04 1.14 ± 0.01
3. 3SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
Evaluation of Thickness of MDT Formulations of Ondansetron
Hydrochloride.
S.no Formulation Thickness In Mm ± Sd
1) F1 3.0 ± 0.225
2) F2 2.9 ± 0.321
3) F3 3.1 ± 0.214
4) F4 3.0 ± 0.521
5) F5 3.0 ± 0.331
* Each value is an average of 6 determinations
Table : Results of Evaluation of Hardness and Friability of
MDT Formulations of Ondansetron Hydrochloride.
S.no Formulation Hardness Friability
1) F1 2.830 ± 0.258 0.2819 ± 0.023%
2) F2 2.710 ± 0.248 0.139 ± 0.012%
3) F3 2.580 ± 0.258 0.205 ± 0.0134%
4) F4 2.630 ± 0.288 0.067 ± 0.0312%
5) F5 2.460 ± 0.197 0.139 ± 0.0243%
* Each value is an average of 6 determinations
Table : Results of Evaluation of Wetting time of MDT
Formulations of Ondansetron Hydrochloride.
S.no Formulation Wetting Time ± Sd
1) F1 40
2) F2 50
3) F3 36
4) F4 30
5) F5 85
* Each value is an average of 6 determinations
Table 10 : Results of Evaluation for Assay of MDT of Ondansetron Hydrochloride
S.no Parameters F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
1) Drug contents 100.34% 102.45% 103.50% 102.41% 102.87%
b) Weightvariation and UniformityofDrugcontent
c) In vitro Disintegration Time
e) In-vitro Dissolution Studies
Result
See Table 1
Table : Results of Evaluation for Weight Variation of MDT Formulations of Ondansetron Hydrochloride.
S.no Formulation Average Weight of One Tablet % Weight Variation Range
1) F1 152 mg 161.25 - 138.75 mg
2) F2 150 mg 161.25 - 138.75 mg
3) F3 152 mg 161.25 - 138.75 mg
4) F4 145 mg 161.25 - 138.75 mg
5) F5 150 mg 161.25 - 138.75 mg
S.no Formulation Sample %Drug Content (W/W) Complies With I.p Limits
1) F1 5 tablets 100 - 102% 90 -110%
2) F2 5 tablets 100 -103% 90 -110%
3) F3 5 tablets 100 - 103% 90 -110%
4) F4 5 tablets 98 - 103% 90 -110%
5) F5 5 tablets 98 - 103% 90 -110%
Table : Results of Evaluation for Uniformity of Content of FMDT Formulations of Ondansetron Hydrochloride.
see table 1
Table : Results of Evaluation of in vitro Disintegration Time MDT of Ondansetron Hydrochloride.
S.no Parameter F1 F2 F3 F4 F5
1) Disintegration time 25 sec 45 sec 19 sec 17 sec 60 sec
* Each value is an average of 6 determination
Post Compression Parameters:-
See Table 2 ,Table -3
See Table 4
See Table 10
See Table
Discussion
In the present study, a total of five formu-
lations of Mouth Dissolving Tablets of Ondansetron
HydrochloridewerepreparedusingSuperdisintegrant
Addition Method.
In order to select the best formulation,
various parameters were checked and subjected to
in vitro dissolution studies, and their release profile
was observed and compared. Evaluation forGen-
eral appearance, Physical parameters, Drug content
and Release studies were performed according to
official methods and also with modified official
methods.All the above tests were described in Meth-
odology Section.
Conclusion
The Mouth Dissolving Tablets of
Ondansetron Hydrochloride were prepared by Direct
compression method by using superdisintegrant addi-
tion.Atotalof5batcheswereprepared.Differentbatch
having different disintegrating agent.
All the Mouth Dissolving Tablets formula-
tion prepared were evaluated for general appearance
and physical parameters, Drug content and release
studies.Thetablettingpropertiesofalltheformulation
were found to be within the standard limits. All the
Mouth Dissolving Tablets formulations get dispersed
withinatimeperiodof3minuteswhentestedforinvitro
4. 4 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
disintegration. All the physical characterstics of the
formulationslikethickness, Hardness,Friability,Wet-
ting time, Assay value, Drug content, In vitro release
property after disintegration and during in vitro disso-
lutionstudywerefound to be wellwithin thelimits and
1) Seager H.., Drug delivery products and zydis fast dissolvingdosage form, J. Pharm. Phamacol., 1998, 50,375-382.
2) Renon J.P., Corveleyn S., Freeze-dried rapidly disintegratingtablets, US Patent No. 6,010,719, 2000.
3) Gregory G. k. E. and Hod, pharmaceutical dosage formpackage, US patent, 1981, 4, 305,502.
4) Kuchekar B.S., Badhan A.C.and Mahajan H.S. "Mouth Dissolving Tablets: A Novel Drug Delivery System",Pharma Times,
2003,35, Page-7-9
5) Wilson C.G., Washington N., Peach J., Murray G.R. andKennerley J.; "The behavior Indurwade N.H. , Rajyaguru T.H. and
Nakhat P.D.;"Novel approach- Fast Dissolving Tablets", Indian Drugs, 2002,39(8), PP 405-409
6) Jain, N.K.; "Advances in controlled and Novel drug Delivery", First Edition, PP 290-306, 2001
7) Kuchekar BS, Atul BC, Mahajan HS. Mouth dissolving tablets: A novel drug control system. Pharma Times 2003;35:7-9.
8) Dorfner , K. " Ion Exchanger Properties and Ap-R.Margret chandira et al.: Formulation and Evaluation of Taste masked
Fast Dissolving Tablets of ondansetron Hcl.206Journal of Pharmacy Research Vol.1.Issue 2.Oct-December 2008 publi
cations" Third Edition, An Arbor Science Publisher,2, 197
R E F E R E N C E
Table: Results of Evaluation for in vitro Drug Release afte r Dispersion of
MDT Formulations of Ondansetron Hydrochloride.
S.no Formulation In Vitro Disintegration % DR% Drug Release After Dissolution
1) F1 25 seconds 90.0315 ± 2.1131%
2) F2 45 seconds 88.0564 ± 3.211%
3) F3 19 seconds 92.0215 ± 1.892%
4) F4 17 seconds 94.0340 ± 2.189%
5) F5 60 seconds 85.650 ± 2.168%
* Each value is an average of 6 determinations.
official standards. Mouth Dissolving Tablets prepara-
tion requires specialized packing aqnd storage in con-
trolled humidity condition.
Table: In vitro Dissolution Profile Data for FMDT Formulations of Ondansetron Hydrochloride.
Formulation code Percentage Drug release* ±SD of FMDT of Terbutaline Sulphate at the following time intervals
Formulation code 3 minutes 6 minutes 9 minutes 12 minutes
F1 79.6671 ± 2.8130% 81.5828 ± 1.1129% 86.6740 ± 1.1029% 90.0315 ± 2.1131%
F2 76.6602 ± 0.9895% 80.6694 ± 2.9613% 84.6786 ± 4.1994% 89.5034 ± 3.2110%
F3 76.6860 ± 1.4248% 82.6186 ± 3.2416% 88.8064 ± 4.1428% 92.0215 ± 1.8923%
F4 79.2582 ± 2.2614% 86.6832 ± 3.1020% 90.6924 ± 4.9184% 94.0340 ± 2.1894%
F5 75.2582 ± 2.2614% 79.6832 ± 3.1020% 81.6924 ± 4.9184% 85.6580 ± 2.1680%