1. 105SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
viuh lkjh miyfC/k;ksa ds ckotwn blesa dksbZ lUnsg ugha gS
fd fganh dfork esa le; chrus ds lkFk lgtrk dk {kj.k gqvk
gSA fu'p; gh ;g dfork vc izkS<+ gS( cgqvkkeh gS vkSj ,d
lhek ls vf/kd ckSf)d HkhA fdUrq jpukdkj ds tfVy
vUrekZul ds lekukarj dfork ls og lgtrk xk;c gksrh x;h
gS ftlls dfork O;kid :i ls vFkZoku curh gSA ;fn dgha
lgtrk dks egRo feyk Hkh gS rks og dfo ds lgt vUrekZul
ls mHkjh gS ;k ugha] dguk dfBu gSA bl n`f"V ls ns[ksa rks
Hkokuh HkkbZ tulk/kkj.k ds cksys vkSj vius fy[ks esa de ls
de Qklyk j[kus okys vafre jpukdkj gSaA
feJ th ds O;fDrRo dks ;fn ge ,d 'kCn esa ck¡/kuk
pkgsa rks og gS&lgtrkA ;g lgtrk u rks vks<+h gqbZ gS vkSj
u gh muds O;fDrRo dk vyadj.k gSA ;g lgtrk viuh
vfdapurk ds ,glkl ls izk.kjl xzg.k djrh gSA viuk ifjp;
nsrs gq, os bl vfdapurk ls gh vius O;fDrRo dks laiq"V djrs
nh[krs gSa& ^^NksVh lh txg esa jgrk Fkk] NksVh lh unh ueZnk
ds fdukjs] NksVs ls igkM+ foa/;kpy ds vk¡py esa NksVs&NksVs
lk/kkj.k yksxksa ds chpA ,dne ?kVuk&foghu] vfofp= esjs
thou dh dFkk gSA**1
fdUrq ;g vfdapurk nhurk ugha gSA bl
vfdapurk esa Hkh ,d csykx csykSl QDdM+iu gS tks mudh
lgtrk dks izkekf.kd cukrk gSA bl lgtrk dk ,d vR;Ur
egRoiw.kZ lzksr gS& muds lkekftd ljksdkjA
os O;fDr ds vdsysiu mldh fofPNUurk dks fujFkZd
ekurs gSaA lkekftdrk dks os O;fDr dh ÅtkZ vkSj vFkZoRrk
ekurs gSaA JhdkUr tks'kh ds iz'u dk mRrj nsrs gq, Hkokuh HkkbZ
fy[krs gSa] ^tSls cw¡n X X X /kkjk ls vyx gksdj dksbZ vFkZ ugha
j[krh vFkok mruk vFkZ ugha j[krh] ftruk /kkjk j[krh gSA
og ,d fujh cw¡n gS tks oSlk dksbZ dke ugha dj ldrh tks
/kkjk djrh gSA u fdlh dks gjk ldrh gS] u Mqck ldrh gSA**2
viuh deZ&lk/kuk esa tks lgtrk vkSj lknxh gesa izsepan esa
feyrh gS] ogh lgtrk vkSj lknxh deZ&lk/kuk ls Nurs gq,
Hkokuh HkkbZ ds O;fDrRo esa ekStwn gSA
izk;% yksx vius O;fDrRo ds oSf'k"V~; dks ¼oks u gks
rc Hkh½ xys esa <ksy dh rjg p<+h lgtrk vkSj fouezrk dk
izn'kZu vkSj fn[kkok djrs feyrs gSaA fdUrq Hkokuh HkkbZ izd`R;k
Lo;a dks ,d ,slk lk/kkj.k O;fDr ekurs vkSj eglwl djrs
gSa tks ?kj esa] ckt+kj esa] n¶rj esa] ;k=k esa viuh Hkwfedk vkSj
nkf;Ro ds izfr csgn laosnu'khy gSA og iRuh ls ukjkt gksus
December ,2013
'kks/k i= & fgUnh
MkW- ehuk{kh pkSgku
Hkokuh izlkn feJ ds dkO; dk oSf'k"V~;
ij lCth pyk nsus vkSj fy[kus ds chp dksbZ Hksn ugha djrkA3
,d vke Hkkjrh; ftl izdkj uSfrdrk vkSj vuSfrdrk ds izfr
lgt laosnu'khy gksrk gS oSls gh gSa Hkokuh HkkbZA& ^^dksbZ xyr
dke dksbZ vfu"V u gks tk,**4
bldks ysdj os csgn ltx
gSaA cgqr cM+h fMfxz;k¡ vkSj mikf/k;k¡ muds fgLls esa ugha vkbZa
fdUrq bldk mUgsa dksbZ eyky ugha D;ksafd lkFkZd dfork dHkh
cqf) vkSj rdZ ds flj ij p<+dj ugha cksyrhA
mlds fy;s ekuoh; laosnuk dh iw¡th gh i;kZIr gSA
blfy;s mudk ;g eku ysuk vdkj.k ugha fd ^^X X X T;knk
i<+us ls dfork [kjkc gks tkrh gSA**5
xk¡/kh vkSj xk¡/khokn dks
Hkokuh HkkbZ us ekuork dk Hkko le> dj viuk;k vkSj ml
ij vafre lk¡l rd vfMx vkLFkk j[khA xk¡/kh ys'kek= Hkh muds
O;fDrRo ij ugha ynrs] mlesa lgt vkSj LokHkkfod :i eas
?kqyrs tkrs gSaA mUgksaus vius vfdapu vkSj lgt O;fDrRo dks
dHkh cM+h&cM+h egRodka{kkvksa ls mf)Xu ugha gksus fn;k fdUrq
vius bl vlarks"k dks ysdj cspSu Fks fd mUgsa&^^XXXthfodk
dk lzksr ys[ku dks cukuk iM+k vkSj 'kgj esa gh ,MtLV djuk
iM+kA**6
fdUrq ;g vlUrks"k mudh 'kjhj&Je ij vfMx fu"Bk
dk thrk&tkxrk izek.k gSA
lexzr% Hkokuh HkkbZ dk O;fDrRo ,d vke Hkkjrh;
dh izo`fRr;ksa ls la?kfVr gqvk gSA lgtrk] fouezrk] vfMx
vkLFkk&Hkko] thou dks ns[kus dh ikjn'khZ fdUrq ldjkRed
n`f"V Hkkjrh; tu dks iwjs fo'o esa fof'k"V cukrh gSA lpeqp
Hkokuh HkkbZ dk O;fDrRo fganh ds vk/kqfud dfo;ksa esa xk¡/kh ds
O;fDrRo dk lkfgfR;d laLdj.k dgk tk ldrk gSA
Hkokuh HkkbZ ds O;fDrRo vkSj mudh ekU;rkvksa ds chp ,d
lq[kn rknkRE; ns[kus dks feyrk gSA ftl izdkj os vius
O;fDrRo esa lgt] lqyHk vkSj lk/kkj.k gS] oSls gh os dfo&de
dks Hkh dksbZ vfrfjDr oSf'k"V~; u ekurs gq, mls vke vkneh
ds dk;Z&O;kikj ds leku gh lgt vkSj LoHkkfod ekurs gSaA
dfork mudh n`f"V esa tulk/kkj.k dh gh ok.kh gSA7
mudh ,d dfork ^dfo ls* esa mUgksaus fy[kk& ^^ftl
rjg ge cksyrs gSa@ml rjg rw fy[k@vkSj mlds ckn
Hkh@ge ls cM+k rw fn[kA**8
bu iafDr;ksa esa Hkokuh HkkbZ dk lEiw.kZ
dkO;&n'kZu LifUnr gksrk gSA lk/kkj.krk esa vlk/kkj.krk]
lgtrk esa xfjek vkSj vfdapurk esa gh fojkV dh flf) gh
dfork dh vFkZDrk dk vk/kkj gSA ;g mudh dkO;&;k=k dk
izLFkku&fcUnq Hkh gS vkSj pjeflf) HkhA mudh n`f"V esa vius
* C&103B] lsDVj&39] uks,Mk ¼m-iz-½

2. 106 SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
le; dk lk{kh gksuk egRoiw.kZ gS fdUrq ijEijk dh vis{kk ls
os lger ugha] ^^gekjk dky egRoiw.kZ gks ldrk gS vkSj gekjk
fy[kuk HkhA ysfdu tks fy[kk tk pqdk gS] mldh vksj ihB
nsdj [kM+k gks tkuk u vkèkqfud ds i{k esa gS] u Hkfo"; dsA**
Hkokuh HkkbZ dk dfo&deZ dHkh vfHkO;fDr&dsfUnzr ugha jgkA
bl n`f"V ls vkReltxrk dh vis{kk os vius ^dfo* dks eqDr
dj nsrs gSaA bl eqfDr dh ifj.kfr gS& mudh dforkA dfork
dh pje&flf) mudh n`f"V esa ;g gS fd ^^XXX dfork rjy
vkSj ljy vkSj izkaty gksA mlesa ekuork dk Hkko gksA
og nq:g vkSj izpkjkRed u gksA mlesa dfo dk
fopkj gkoh u gks] cfYd mlesa vkRek ds Loj xqaFks gksaA**10
lkfgR; dks ysdj mudh vo/kkj.kk Hkko&l`f"V vkSj Hkko&n`f"V
dk leUo; gSA 'kCn dks czg~e ekurs gq, lekt ls feys 'kCnksa
dks ekatrs gq, mlesa u, vFkZ dh izfrifRr dj lekt dks
ykSVkuk os jpkukdkj dh ftEesnkjh ekurs gSaA11
Nk;koknh
dfork ls mudk rkyesy blfy;s u cSB ldk D;ksafd ^^X X
X bl dfork esa ,d chekj O;fDrokn Fkk& nek ihfM+r
'kCn&tky Fkk& ;g peRdkjksa dh dfork Fkh&X X X**12
os u;s lkfgR; dk Loj uSfrd rks ekurs gSa ij
lEizs"k.kh;rk ds vHkko us muds 'kCnksa esa ^ok.kh dk ladV* iSnk
dj fn;k gS ftlls dfo f?kls&fiVs eqgkojksa esa vius dks
nksgjkrk gSA13
vUrr%mudh n`f"VesamudhdforkouLifr&txr
dh laosnuk ls cuh jph dfork gSA14
lexzr% dgsa rks Hkokuh
HkkbZ lR;] f'ko vkSj lqUnj dks ,d fcUnq ij laØfer dj ysus
dks dfork dh pje flf) ekurs gSaA
Hkokuh izlkn feJ dh dfork dks lkfgR;sfrgkl esa
izpfyr vk/kqfud lkfgR; ds :f<+c) ukedj.kksa ds vk/kkj ij
ugha le>k tk ldrkA mudh dfork esa Lor% LQwfrZ dh tks
ÅtkZ gS og mls okn ;k fopkj/kkjk dh lhekvksa esa ca/kus ugha
nsrhA ^^;g vkdfLed ugha gS fd fganh esa u;s <ax dh ;k
rFkkdfFkr ubZ dfork fy[kus okyksa esa Hkokuh izlkn feJ 'kk;n
vdsys ,sls dfo gSa tks fganh ds ltx ikBdksa ds chp gh ugha]
cfYd lkekU; ikBdksa ds chp Hkh [kkls yksdfiz; gSaA**15
bldk
dkj.k ;g gS fd mudh dfork esa ,d vkReh; ckrwuhiu] ,d
thoUr laokn&rRo izk;% ?kqyk&feyk jgrk gS& ^;s dey ds
Qwy@ysfdu ekulj ds gSa@bUgsa gw¡ chp ls yk;k@u le>ks
rhj ij ds gSaA**16
dfo ekulj ds chp ls yk;s bu Qwyksa dks
vfiZr djus esa laokn dh ftl 'kfDr dk m;ksx djrk gS] mldh
ltZukRedrk ns[krs gh curh gS& ^^Qwy yk;k gw¡ dey ds@D;k
d:¡ budk@ilkjsa vki vk¡py@NksM+ nw¡(@gks tk; th
gYdkA**17
;gk¡ laokn dk ;g rRo viZ.k vkSj foltZu dk ,d
lEiw.kZ fcEc jprk gSA laokn vkSj fcEc dh ;g ?kqyu'khyrk
^xhrQjks'k* dfork esa vius mRd"kZ fcUnq ij igq¡p tkrh gS&
^^th gk¡ gqtwj eSa xhr csprk gw¡@th] eky nsf[k, nke
crkšxk@csdke ugha gSa dke crkšxk@dqN xhr fy[ksa gSa
eLrh esa eSaus@dqN xhr fy[ksa gSa iLrh esa eSaus( ;g xhr l[r
ljnnZ Hkqyk,xk(@;g xhr fi;k dks ikl cqyk,xk@th] igys
dqN fnu 'keZ yxh eq>dks@ij ihNs&ihNs vDy txh
eq>dks(@th] yksxksa us rks csp Mkys bZeku@th] vki u gksa lqu
dj T;knk gSjku@eSa lksp&le> vkf[kj@vius xhr csprk
gw¡(@th gk¡] gqtwj eSa xhr csprk gw¡A**18
lp iwfN, rks Hkokuh
HkkbZ us viuh 'kSyh dks dqN bl <ax ls fodflr fd;k gS fd
mudh vfHkO;fDr ds miknku ,d [kkl rjg dh ^crdgh* eas
cny tkrs gSaA
izd`fr ls Hkokuh HkkbZ dk vVwV lEcU/k gSA lp iwfN;s
rks izd`fr mudh dfork dh lk¡l gSA ^^izd`fr muds fy, dfork
;k dyk dk fo"k;&ek= ugha gS cfYd mudh viuh Le`fr dk
vfoHkkT; fgLlk gSA os mls vDlj gh egt ^:i* dh rjg
ugha ns[krs] ;k fd egt Le`fr&pkj.k dh rjg Hkh ugha ns[krs]
cfYd mls vius eu esa ns[krs gq, viuh eu%fLFkfr ls] viuh
fopkj&izfØ;k ls] viuh ewY;&psruk vkSj viuh lkSUn;Z&psruk
ls tksM+rs gSaA**19
mudk xzkeh.k eu gh izd`fr dks vius <ax ls
mdsjrk vkSj vfHkO;fDr nsrk gSA
^lriqM+k ds taxy* dfork esa izd`fr ds js'ks&js'ks dks
vfHkO;fDr nsrs le; dfo tSls ifjos'k esa viuh lRrk dks iwjh
rjg y; dj ysrk gS& ^^lM+s iRrs] xys iRrs@ gjs iRrs tys
iRrs@oU; iFk dks <¡d jgs ls@iad ny esa iys iRrs@pyks
bu ij py ldks rks@nyks budks ny ldks rks]@;s f?kukSus
?kus taxy@Å¡[krs vueus taxyA**20
izd`fr ds vkyEcuxr]
mn~nhiuxr :iksa ls i`Fkd mudk izd`fr&txr ftl izdkj
izHkko ds fHkUu&fHkUu Lrjksa dks mn~?kkfVr djrk gS] og Li`g.kh;
gS& ^^cw¡n Vidh ,d uHk ls]@fdlh us >qddj >jks[ks ls@fd
tSls g¡l fn;k gks@g¡l jgh lh vk¡[k us tSls fdlh dks dl
fn;k gks(@Bxk lk dksbZ fdlh dh vk¡[k@ns[ks jg x;k
gks]@ml cgqr ls :i dks] jksekap jksds lg x;k gksA**21
izd`fr ds lkSUn;Z dks mdsjrs gq, dfo izk;% mls
vius ewY;&cks/k esa ?kqyrk gqvk ns[kk tk ldrk gSA lp iwfN,
rks lkSUn;Z pkgs izd`fr dk gks ;k euq"; dk] og lR; vkSj f'ko
dh vksj gh mUeq[k gSA viuh ^izy;* dfork esa os izy; ds
ftl Hk;kog :i dh l`f"V djrs gSa og gesa dgha Hkhrj rd
FkjFkjk nsrh gSA fdUrq e`R;q dks ijkftr djus ds fy, dfo
tks fodYi izLrqr djrk gS] og tSls gesa ,d u;h ÅtkZ ls
nhIr dj nsrk gS& ^^bl nq[kh lalkj esa ftruk@cus ge lq[k
yqVk nsa(@cu lds rks fu"dV e`nq gkl ds@nks du tqVk
nsa(@nnZ dh Tokyk txk,¡] usg@Hkhxs xhr xk;sa(@pkgrs gSa xhr
gh xkrs jgsa@fQj jhr tk,¡(@fd rc iNrk;sxh viuh@foo'krk
ij izy; Hkh@er jgs rc >ksiM+h@feV tk; fQj uhye fuy;
HkhA**22
fuLlUnsg dfo us ;gk¡ euq"; vkSj mldh ekuoh;
laosnuk dh loksZifjrk dks js[kkafdr fd;k gS ftlds vkxs izy;
Hkh foo'k gSA
vius le; ls laokn Hkokuh HkkbZ dh dfork esa Hkh
ekStwn gS fdUrq ;gk¡ mudk ijEijk'khy ltx Hkkjrh; ekul

3. 107SHODH, SAMIKSHA AUR MULYANKAN
International Indexed & Refereed Research Journal, ISSN 0974-2832,(Print) E- ISSN-2320-5474, December,2013, VOL-V * ISSUE- 59
cjkcj bl laokn dks lkFkZd cukrk gSA ^^dqy feykdj dqN
iqjkuk lk t¡prk Hkokuh HkkbZ dk BkB Qjd+ fn[kkbZ nsxk] ij
os bls ysdj ,dne lgt vkSj vdqaB Hkko esa fn[ksaxsA**23
ftthfo"kk muds O;fDrRo dh Hkh 'kfDr gS vkSj dfork dh HkhA
os VwV tkus] NwV tkus] QwV tkus ij O;fFkr ugha gksrs cfYd
,sls esa ,d vkarfjd lq[k dk vuqHko djrs gq, dg mBrs gSa&
^^;s fdlh fuf'pr fu;eØe dh ljklj lhf<+;k¡ gSa@ik¡o
j[kdj c<+ jgh ftl ij fd viuh ihf<+;k¡ gSa@fcuk lh<+h
ds c<+saxs rhj ds tSls c<+saxsA24
Hkokuh HkkbZ vius dfo&deZ dks Hkh vfdapurk dh
vka[kksa ls ns[krs gSaA os viuh ok.kh dh nhurk dks HkyhHkkafr phUgrs
Hkh gSa vkSj eglwl Hkh djrs gSaA ,slk dfo gh ok.kh ds cquus
vkSj dadM+ ds pquus esa u fdlh ghurk dk vuqHko djrk gS
1 Hkokuh izlkn feJ lapf;rk] la- MkW- fot; cgknqj flag] JhdkUr tks'kh ds iz'uksa
ds mRrj] i`- 519&20
2 ogh] v'kksd vks>k ls ckrphr] i`- 523
3 ogh] i`- 523
4 ogh] i`- 524
5 ogh] i`- 527
6 nwljk lIrd] la- v/;sjk] oDrO;] i`- 4
7 dfo ls] i`-
8 ogh] i`- 519
9 ogh] i`- 524
10 vUrjax lk{kkRdkj] MkW- d`".knRr ikyhoky] i`- 15&16
11 ogh] i`- 19
12 Hkokuh izlkn feJ lapf;rk] la- MkW- fot; cgknqj flag] JhdkUr tks'kh ds iz'uksa
ds mRrj] i`- 526
u fdlh mRd"kZ dkA25
muds fy;s dfork djuk bruk lgt
gS ftruk lkal ysukA blfy, mldk izHkko Hkh lgt vkSj
eeZLi'khZ gksrk gSA
èoU;kRedrk] y; vkSj xfr dks os vkeaf=r ugha
djrs] os muds jpuk&deZ ds fy, Lo;afl) gSa& ^^fQlyh lh
ixMaMh] f[klyh vk¡[k ythyh jh]@banz/kuq"k jax&jaxh] vkt
eSa lgt j¡xhyh jh@#u>qu fcfN;k vkt fgykMqy esjh csuh
jh]@Å¡ps&Å¡ps isax] fgaMksyk ljx ulSuh jhA**26
muds fcEc vkSj izrhd iqjkus gks ldrs gSa fdUrq
vankts+ c;ka bruk thoUr] vkReh; vkSj ÅtkZoku gS fd og
dfork dks vkSj u;k djrk tkrk gSA dPph xjh lh&f'k'kq dh
g¡lrh vk¡[kksa lh mudh mYyflr ekuoh; laosnuk mudh
dfork dks fo'oluh; Hkh cuk, j[krh gS vkSj iwjh eeZLif'kZrk
ds lkFk laizs"k.kh; HkhA
13 vUrjax lk{kkRdkj MkW- d`".knRr ikyhoky] i`- 10
14 Hkokuh izlkn feJ lapf;rk] la- MkW- fot; cgknqj flag] ^Hkwfedk*] izHkkr f=ikBh]
i`- 7
15 nwljk lIrd] la- vKs;] ^dey ds Qwy*] i`- 6
16 ogh] i`- 6
17 nwljk lIrd] la- vKs;] ^xhr Qjks'k* dfork] i`- 23
18 Hkokuh izlkn feJ lapf;rk] la- MkW- fot; cgknqj flag] ^Hkwfedk* izHkkr f=ikBh]
i`- 8
19 nwljk lIrd] la- vKs;] ^lriqM+k ds taxy*] i`- 7
20 ogh] ^cw¡n Vidh ,d uHk ls* dfork] i`- 13
21 nwljk lIrd] la- vKs;] ^izy;* dfork] i`- 18
22 fganh lkfgR; vkSj laosnuk dk fodkl] MkW- jkeLo:i prqosZnh] i`- 209
23 nwljk lIrd] la- vKs;] ^VwVus dk lq[k*] dfork] i`- 15
24 ogh] ^ok.kh dh nhurk* dfork] i`- 26
25 ogh] ^eaxy o"kkZ*] i`- 14