Medicated chewing gums (MCGs) are innovative oral drug delivery systems that provide therapeutic benefits such as pain relief and smoking cessation. These gums release active ingredients through chewing, offering advantages like rapid onset of action and high bioavailability. The future of MCGs appears promising as they gain acceptance for treating various conditions due to their convenience and effectiveness.

1. medicated chewing gums
PRESENTED BY
BHAVSAR SHWETA H.
(M.PHARM FIRST YEAR SECOND SEM.)
GUIDED BY
Dr. G.D.BASARKAR
M.PHARM, Ph.D.
DEPARTMENT OF PHARMACEUTICS
SNJB’ S S.S.D.J.COLLEGE OF PHARMACY, NEMINAGAR,
CHANDWAD
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2. Introduction
Advantages
Disadvantages
Composition of mcg
Methods & Limitations for manufacturing
packaging
Factors affecting on drug release
Evaluation
Application
Marketed Formulations
Future trends
Conclusion
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3.  Chewing gum has been used worldwide since ancient times when
man experienced the pleasure of chewing a variety of substances.
 In recent years chewing gums are considered to be friendly oral
mucosal drug delivery systems .
 Commercially available medicated chewing gums are currently
available for ,
 pain relief,
 Smoking cessation
 travel illness and freshening of breath.
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 Medicated chewing gum is solid, single-dose preparations that
have to be chewed & not swallowed; chewing gums contain one
or more active ingredient that is released by chewing.
 A medicated chewing gum is intended to be chewed for a
certain period of time, required to deliver the dose, after which
the remaining mass is discarded.
 During the chewing process the drug contained in the gum
product is released from the mass into saliva & could be
absorbed through the oral mucosa or swallowed reaching
stomach for gastro-intestinal absorption.
 Chewable tablets and Chewing gum permits more rapid
therapeutic action compared to per-oral dosage forms .

5. DefinationDefination
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6. The first medicated chewing gum was introduced
in the USA in 1924 with the brand name
Aspergum for Analgesic Activity.
In 1848, the first commercial chewing gum
named State of Maine Pure Spruce Gum
appeared in the market whereas the first patent
was issued to Dr. W.F. Semple who was a
dentist at Ohio in 1869.
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history

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9. Fast onset of
action
High
bioavailability
Pleasant
taste
Higher
compliance
Ready for
use
High
acceptance by
children
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10. Water insoluble
chewing gum base
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11. Water insoluble chewing gum base Water soluble bulk portion
Elastomers
Plasticizer
Fillers
Resins
Sweeteners
Colorants and whiteners
Flavoring agents
Anti caking agent
Grinding agent
Anti oxidant
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12. COMPONENT ROLE EXAMPLES
ELASTOMERS They provide elasticity, gummy
texture and cohesion to the chewing gum.
Natural elastomers
Natural rubbers like Latex or
Natural gums such as , Lechi Caspi, Perillo, and
Chicle.
Synthetic elastomers
Poly isobutylene and
butyl rubber.
PLASTICIZERS These are used to regulate
cohesiveness of product.
Natural Plasticizers
Glycerol Esters or Partially hydrogenated
Resin, Glycerol Esters of Polymerized Esters
Synthetic Plastisizers
include Terpene Resins
derived from α-pinene and or d-limonene.
FILLERS They provide the right
texture, improve chewability
Magnesium and Calcium Carbonate, Ground
Limestone, Magnesium and Aluminum Silicate,
Clay, Alumina, Talc, Titanium Oxide & Mono/ di/ tri
Calcium Phosphate.
RESINS They serve two functions. One, as
mastication substance and other as binding
agent between elastomers and fillers. They
contribute to the balance between the
properties of elasticity and plasticity.
Natural resin
Glycerol esters from pine resins
Synthetic resin
polyvinyl acetate can be used. It reduces the
tendency of the gum to adhere to the teeth.
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13. COMPONENT ROLE EXAMPLES
SWEETENERS
(AQUEOUS & BULK)
To mask the bitter taste.
Aqueous Sweeteners can be used as
softeners to blend the ingredients
and retain moisture.
Aqueous Sweeteners
Sorbitol, hydrogenated Starch
hydrolysates
and Corn Syrups.
Bulk Sweeteners
Sucrose, Dextrose, Maltose,
Dextrin, Fructose, Galactose, Corn
Syrup.
COLORANTS &
WHITENERS
To give required color . FD & C
type dyes, fruit and vegetable
extracts,
Titanium Dioxide.
FLAVORING AGENTS To improve flavour in chewing gum . Essential oils, such as Citrus oil,
fruit essences, Peppermint oil,
Spearmint oil, Mint oil,
Clove oil & Oil of Wintergreen.
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14. CONT.,
COMPONENT ROLE EXAMPLES
ANTI-CAKING AGENT To prevent
agglomeration of the
subsequently ground chewing
gum particles.
Precipitated silicon dioxide can
be mixed with
chewing gum composition and
solid carbon dioxide
prior to grinding.
GRINDING AGENTS To prevent the gum from
sticking to the grinding
apparatus.
2-8% w/w of
grinding aid such as alkaline
metal phosphate, an
alkaline earth metal phosphate
or malto dextrin.
ANTIOXIDANTS To protect the
gum base and flavors from
oxidation.
Ascorbic
acid, tocopherol, butyl
hydroxy toluene (BHT)
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19. Conventional Or
Traditional Method
Freezing, Drying &
Tableting Method
Freezing, Drying &
Tableting Method
Direct Compression
Method
 Manufacturing of thermolabile
may become challenging as
elevated temperature is required
during melting;
 If the gum is highly viscous,
accurate dosing is not possible;
Lack of precise form, shape,
weight of dosage form;
 Grinding and compression
difficult to formulate chewing gum
as tablets due to high moisture
content.
High-technology,
expensive equipments are
required.
 Careful monitoring of
humidity during
manufacturing process
become a challenge.
The main disadvantage is its
sticking effect to the punches
of the tableting equipment. The
effect is due to the adhesive
nature of the gum, for this
reason, the procedure is
difficult and needs slower
production speed and cooling
operations to prevent the
tableting machine damage.
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20. Plastic container
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21. Factors
affecting
release of
API
Physicochemical
properties of API
Inter
individual
variability
Contact
Time
Formulation
Factor
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22. Physicochemical properties of active ingredient plays very important role in
release of drug from MCG. The saliva soluble ingredients will be
immediately released within few minutes whereas lipid soluble drugs are
released first into the gum base and then released slowly.
The local or systemic effect is dependent on time of contact
of MCG in oral cavity. In clinical trial chewing time of 30minutes was considered close to ordinary use.
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23. The chewing frequency and chewing intensity which affect the drug
release from MCG may vary from person to person. In-vitro study
prescribed by European Pharmacopoeia suggest 60 cycles per
minute chewing rate for proper release of active ingredient.
Composition and amount of gum base affect rate of release of
active ingredient. If lipophilic fraction of gum is increased, the
release rate is decreased.
Inter
individual
variability
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24. Weight variation
Ten chewing gums of each formulation are weighed. The average
weight and standard deviation are calculated.
Uniformity of content
Ten gums are elected randomly. Each gum is first dissolved in 50
ml suitable solvent. The amount of active ingredient is determined
by measuring UV absorbance. The experiment is repeated three
times.
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25. In vitro drug release
A mastication device which simulates the mastication of
chewing gum in human is used to perform the drug release
study. The device consisted of a piston which strokes the
gum (60 strokes/min) at different points on a random base
and a chamber which holds the gum and the release
medium (pH 6.8 phosphate buffer). Water (37°C) was
circulated through a jacket around the receiver chamber to
simulate the in vivo temperature. Sample taken at different
time interval are analyzed by UV spectroscopy.
Others
Color, shape, fragrance, taste etc are observed.
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26. Ideal
CharacteristicsCharacteristics
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27. The MCGs can also be used as an alternative tool to buccal and
sublingual tablets which are intended to act systemically because
active ingredient is released more uniformly and cover greater area of
absorption in oral cavity.
Oral diseases are prevented or cured with MCG.
MCGs can be used for systemic effect in conditions like vitamin C
deficiency, pain & fever, alertness, motion sickness, smoking
cessation, as well as for local effect in conditions like fresh breath,
dental caries, antiplaque, fungal, and bacterial infections
Prevention and cure of oral diseases is a prime target for chewing
gum formulations.
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Fluoride containing gums have been useful
in preventing dental caries in children and
in adults with. Xerostomia(dry mouth)
 Chlorhexidine chewing gum can be used to
treat gingivitis, periodontitis, oral and
pharyngeal infections.
 It can also be used for inhibition of plaque
growth.
Chlorhexidine chewing gum offers large flexibility
in its formulation as it gives less staining of the
teeth and is distributed evenly in the oral cavity.[42]
 The bitter taste of chlorhexidine can be
masked quite well in a chewing gum
formulation.
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Xerostomia, Allergy, Motion sickness, Acidity, etc are all indications for
which chewing gum is a means of drug delivery.
 Pain- chewing gum can be used in treatment of minor pains,
headache and muscular aches.
 Smoking cessation- Chewing gum formulation containing nicotine
and lobeline have been clinically tested as aids to smoking
cessation
Obesity- Active substances like chromium, guaran(guar gum)and
caffeine are proved to be efficient in treating obesity. Chromium is
claimed to reduce craving for food due to an improved blood-
glucose balance.
Caffeine and guaran stimulate lipolysis and have a thermogenic
effect (increased energy expenditure) and reduce feeling of hunger.
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30. NICOTINE GUMNICOTINE GUMNICOTINE GUMNICOTINE GUM
Nicotine gum is a type of chewing gum that delivers nicotine toNicotine gum is a type of chewing gum that delivers nicotine to
the body. It is used as an aid inthe body. It is used as an aid in Nicotine Replacement TherapyNicotine Replacement Therapy
(NRT), a process for smoking cessation .The nicotine is(NRT), a process for smoking cessation .The nicotine is
delivered to the bloodstream via absorption by the tissues of thedelivered to the bloodstream via absorption by the tissues of the
mouth.mouth.
It is currently available .The pieces are usually available inIt is currently available .The pieces are usually available in
individual foil packages and come in various flavors. Nicotineindividual foil packages and come in various flavors. Nicotine
content is usually either 2 or 4 mg of nicotine, roughly thecontent is usually either 2 or 4 mg of nicotine, roughly the
nicotine content of 1 or 2 cigarettes, with the appropriate contentnicotine content of 1 or 2 cigarettes, with the appropriate content
and dosage depending on the smoking habits of the user.and dosage depending on the smoking habits of the user.
Nicotine gum is a type of chewing gum that delivers nicotine toNicotine gum is a type of chewing gum that delivers nicotine to
the body. It is used as an aid inthe body. It is used as an aid in Nicotine Replacement TherapyNicotine Replacement Therapy
(NRT), a process for smoking cessation .The nicotine is(NRT), a process for smoking cessation .The nicotine is
delivered to the bloodstream via absorption by the tissues of thedelivered to the bloodstream via absorption by the tissues of the
mouth.mouth.
It is currently available .The pieces are usually available inIt is currently available .The pieces are usually available in
individual foil packages and come in various flavors. Nicotineindividual foil packages and come in various flavors. Nicotine
content is usually either 2 or 4 mg of nicotine, roughly thecontent is usually either 2 or 4 mg of nicotine, roughly the
nicotine content of 1 or 2 cigarettes, with the appropriate contentnicotine content of 1 or 2 cigarettes, with the appropriate content
and dosage depending on the smoking habits of the user.and dosage depending on the smoking habits of the user.
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33.  Nowadays more and more disease can be treated with NDDS.
 Generally it takes time for a new drug delivery system to establish
itself in the market.
 But MCG is believed to manifest its position as a convenient and
advantageous drug delivery system as it meets the high quality
standards of Pharmaceutical Industry and can be formulated to
obtain different release profiles of active substances.
 In the future we may see that more and more drugs formulated
into chewing gum in preference to other delivery systems.
 The reason is simple that the chewing gum delivery system is
convenient , easy to administer anywhere, anytime and its
pleasant taste increases the product acceptability and patient
compliance.
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34. Finally it is concluded that chewing gum is an excellent
drug delivery system for self medication and having its
own merits.
So in forth coming years it will be a much more common
and popular drug delivery system.
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CONCLUSION

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