The document summarizes a study that formulated orodispersible tablets of amlodipine besilate using different superdisintegrants to improve patient compliance. Nine formulations of amlodipine orodispersible tablets were prepared using croscarmellose sodium, crospovidone, or sodium starch glycolate by direct compression method. The tablets were evaluated for hardness, friability, drug content, wetting time, water absorption ratio, and in vitro dispersion time. Tablets containing higher concentrations of croscarmellose sodium had shorter wetting and dispersion times, while those with sodium starch glycolate took longer to wet and disperse. Tablets with 8% croscarmellose sodium dispersed within 28 seconds and released 98.
Formulation and Evaluation of Ondansetron Oral Dispersible Tablet using Diffe...IIJSRJournal
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a simple method for manufacturing oral dispersible tablets of ondansetron hydrochloride using direct compression method and to study the effect of different types and concentration of natural disintegrant (Isabgol mucilage, fenugreek mucilage and dehydrated banana powder) on the disintegrating characteristics of the tablets.
Method: Disintegrants extracted from Isabgol, fenugreek and banana powder were used in formulation of tablet using placket burman design in minitab. Then 13 different formulations (F1- F13) were prepared varying the concentration of selected natural disintegrant (Isabgol mucilage extract 6-15%). Formulated tablets were investigated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, disintegration, drug content, friability.
Result: The result obtained from disintegration study of tablets prepared using natural disintegrant obtained from isabgol mucilage indicates that the Isabgol with concentration 11.47% shows the disintegration time of 27 seconds.
Conclusion: Orodispersible tablet of ondansetron hydrochloride was found to be effective with natural disintegrant obtained from isabgol mucilage
Formulation and evaluation of fast-disintegrating tablets of FlupirtineijperSS
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in fast-dissolving or disintegrating tablets have brought convenience in dosing to elderly and children who have trouble in swallowing tablets. The main objective of the present study was to prepare the orally disintegrating tablets of Flupirtine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) using different superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Different concentrations (4%, 8%, and 10%) of super disintegrants such as Primogel, Kollidon Cl, Lycoat were used in the formulation. Mannitol was used as a bulking agent and to enhance the mouth feel and taste. The formulated tablets were evaluated for pre-formulation and post-formulation parameters and they were found to be satisfactory and within the official limits. All the tablets shown hardness 3-4.5kg/cm2, friability of all the formulations was less than 1%, weight variation and drug content were found to be within official limits. Amongst all formulations, the optimized formulation F9 was prepared with Lycoat as a super disintegrant showed least disintegration time and faster dissolution.
Key words: Flupirtine, fast-disintegrating tablet, direct compression method, superdisintegrants.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metac...ijtsrd
Metaclopromide HCl is an Anti emetic used to treat nausea, vomiting and to increase gastric motility. The present work aimed at preparing oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl with the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl were prepared using HPMC E5, E15 polymers as film forming agents and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer by solvent casting method. FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution of prepared fast dissolving oral films of Metaclopromide HCl was performed using USP type II apparatus in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer medium at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37 0.5º C. The films prepared were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegration time, folding endurance and in vitro drug release and were showed satisfactory results. In conclusion, development of oral fast dissolving oral films using HPMC polymer gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action. Zeenath Ruhy "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metaclopromide HCL" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29702.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/29702/formulation-development-and-evaluation-of-oral-fast-dissolving-films-of-metaclopromide-hcl/zeenath-ruhy
Formulation and Evaluation of Ondansetron Oral Dispersible Tablet using Diffe...IIJSRJournal
Objective: The aim of this study was to develop a simple method for manufacturing oral dispersible tablets of ondansetron hydrochloride using direct compression method and to study the effect of different types and concentration of natural disintegrant (Isabgol mucilage, fenugreek mucilage and dehydrated banana powder) on the disintegrating characteristics of the tablets.
Method: Disintegrants extracted from Isabgol, fenugreek and banana powder were used in formulation of tablet using placket burman design in minitab. Then 13 different formulations (F1- F13) were prepared varying the concentration of selected natural disintegrant (Isabgol mucilage extract 6-15%). Formulated tablets were investigated for weight variation, hardness, thickness, disintegration, drug content, friability.
Result: The result obtained from disintegration study of tablets prepared using natural disintegrant obtained from isabgol mucilage indicates that the Isabgol with concentration 11.47% shows the disintegration time of 27 seconds.
Conclusion: Orodispersible tablet of ondansetron hydrochloride was found to be effective with natural disintegrant obtained from isabgol mucilage
Formulation and evaluation of fast-disintegrating tablets of FlupirtineijperSS
ABSTRACT
Recent developments in fast-dissolving or disintegrating tablets have brought convenience in dosing to elderly and children who have trouble in swallowing tablets. The main objective of the present study was to prepare the orally disintegrating tablets of Flupirtine, a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) using different superdisintegrants by direct compression method. Different concentrations (4%, 8%, and 10%) of super disintegrants such as Primogel, Kollidon Cl, Lycoat were used in the formulation. Mannitol was used as a bulking agent and to enhance the mouth feel and taste. The formulated tablets were evaluated for pre-formulation and post-formulation parameters and they were found to be satisfactory and within the official limits. All the tablets shown hardness 3-4.5kg/cm2, friability of all the formulations was less than 1%, weight variation and drug content were found to be within official limits. Amongst all formulations, the optimized formulation F9 was prepared with Lycoat as a super disintegrant showed least disintegration time and faster dissolution.
Key words: Flupirtine, fast-disintegrating tablet, direct compression method, superdisintegrants.
Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metac...ijtsrd
Metaclopromide HCl is an Anti emetic used to treat nausea, vomiting and to increase gastric motility. The present work aimed at preparing oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl with the purpose of developing a dosage form for a very quick onset of action, which is very convenient for administration, without the problem of swallowing and using water. Oral fast dissolving films of Metaclopromide HCl were prepared using HPMC E5, E15 polymers as film forming agents and polyethylene glycol 400 as plasticizer by solvent casting method. FTIR showed that there is no interaction between drug and excipients. Dissolution of prepared fast dissolving oral films of Metaclopromide HCl was performed using USP type II apparatus in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer medium at 50 rpm with temperature being maintained at 37 0.5º C. The films prepared were evaluated for various parameters like thickness, drug content uniformity, weight variation, disintegration time, folding endurance and in vitro drug release and were showed satisfactory results. In conclusion, development of oral fast dissolving oral films using HPMC polymer gives rapid drug delivery and rapid onset of action. Zeenath Ruhy "Formulation Development and Evaluation of Oral Fast Dissolving Films of Metaclopromide HCL" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29702.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/novel-drug-delivery-sys/29702/formulation-development-and-evaluation-of-oral-fast-dissolving-films-of-metaclopromide-hcl/zeenath-ruhy
Abstract:
The purpose of present research work was to
optimize the formulation of fast dissolving tablet
of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is one the most
prescribed antiepileptic drug. Fast dissolving
tablets of carbamazepine were prepared by using
different types of superdisintegrants like
croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch
glycolate. Fast dissolving tablet is prepared by
direct compression method. The formulations
were evaluated for wetting time, hardness,
friability, content uniformity, invitro
disintegration time, release profile. The result
revealed that the formulation F5 which containing
the 5% croscarmellose sodium as a
superdisintegrant have good dissolution profile
with shortest Disintegration time. It can be
concluded that the tablet of carbamazepine with
better pharmaceutical properties than conventional
tablets could be obtained using formulation F5.
Mouth dissolving tablets- A unique dosage form curtailed for special purpose:...IOSR Journals
The concept of mouth dissolving tablets known as MDTs has emerged with an objective to improve patient’s compliance. Methods to improve patient’s compliance have always attracted scientists towards the development of fancy oral drug delivery systems. Among them, mouth dissolving drug delivery systems (MDDDS) have obtained an important position in the market by overcoming previously encountered administration problems and contributing to extension of patent life. These dosage forms rapidly disintegrate in contact with saliva even within <60 seconds, an attribute that makes them highly attractive for paediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and in travelling may not have access to water. This special dosage form has some prerequisite criteria for formulation and this also involves the use of special techniques for large scale industrial production. The aim of this article is to review the advantages and disadvantages of MDTs, common excipients used in the formulation especially highlighting the use of superdisintegrating agents and taste masking agents in formulation and finally the popular methods used to produce large scale tablets for commercial purpose.
Formulation and Evaluation of Amlodipine Fast Dissolving Tabletsijtsrd
Fast dissolving tablet is a new era for successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide successful drug delivery. In the present study, an attempt was made to design and evaluate fast dissolving tablets of Amlodipine besylate, which is used commonly for the treatment of angina pectoris. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method followed by sublimation method using super disintegrants sodium starch glycolate, crosspovidone and croscarmellose sodium. The prepared powder blends were evaluated for preformulation parameters. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, drug content uniformity, friability and in vitro drug release studies. In vitro drug release studies were performed by using USP type II apparatus paddle method at 50 rpm in 900 ml of 0.1N HCl as dissolution medium for 30 minutes at 37±0.5°C. The formulation F9 containing Croscarmellose sodium 7 showed better disintegration and dissolution up to 30 minutes. Hence, formulation F9 was considered as optimized formulation which showed the best drug release profile up to 30 minutes. The results of mathematical model fitting of data obtained indicated that, the best fit model in all the cases the release was found to be by diffusion and fickian release. The results of FTIR analysis showed that there was no physical and chemical interaction between drug and other excipients. The study indicates that the fast dissolving tablets of Amlodipine besylate can effectively reduce the adverse effects and frequency of administration of the drug. Aparna. P | Dr. Subash Chandran M. P | Remya S B "Formulation and Evaluation of Amlodipine Fast Dissolving Tablets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29563.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/29563/formulation-and-evaluation-of-amlodipine-fast-dissolving-tablets/aparna-p
Background: The main objective of present research work is to formulate the Carbamazepine Fast Dissoving tablets. Carbamazepine, an
antiepileptic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain by
blocking use-dependent sodium channels. Methods: The Fast Dissoving tablets of Carbamazepine were prepared employing different
concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Sperdisintegrants by Direct Compression technique
using 32
factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1
and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t
50% ,t90%were selected as dependent variables. Results and Discussion:
Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, Invitro
drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro
dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) &
regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of
developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1
, C2
). According to SUPAC guidelines the
formulation (F5
) containing combination of 9.375% Crospovidone and 9.375% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor
f
2
=82.675, dissimilarity factor f1
= 2.049 & No significant difference, t= 0.041) to marketed product (TEGRETOL-100). Conclusion: The
selected formulation (F5
) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.665).
KEYWORDS: Carbamazepine, 3
2Factorial Design, Crospovidone , croscarmellose Sodium, Wetting Time, Disintegration Time.
pharmaceutical technologists have developed a novel oral dosage form known as orally disintegrating tablets (odts) which disintegrate rapidly in saliva, usually in a matter of seconds, without the need to take it water. drug dissolution and absorption as well as onset of clinical effect and drug bioavailability may be significantly greater than those observed from conventional dosage forms ,
The oral route is the most favorable route for administration of drugs because of accurate dosage, low cost of therapy, self medication, non-invasive method, and ease of administration leading to a high level of patient compliance. Of the oral Dosage forms, solid dosage form is the preferred class of product as tablet represents a unit dosage form in which one dose of drug is placed accurately.
ABSTRACT
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition which has an adverse effect on quality of life. The presence
of urgency incontinence confers significant morbidity above and beyond that of OAB sufferers who are
continent. The primary treatment for OAB and urgency incontinence is a combination of behavioral measures
and antimuscarinic drug therapy. The ideal antimuscarinic agent should effectively relieve the symptoms of
OAB, with the minimum of side effects; it should be available as a once-daily sustained release formulation
and in dosage strength that allows easy dose titration for the majority of sufferers. Solifenacin succinate was
launched in 2005 and has been shown in both short and long term clinical trials to fulfill these requirements.
Solifenacin is a competitive M3 receptor antagonist with a long half-life (45-68 hours). It is available in two
dosage strengths namely a 5 or 10 mg once-daily tablet. The efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin for the
treatment of all symptoms of OAB has been evaluated in a number of large, placebo controlled, randomized
trials. Long-term safety, efficacy, tolerability and persistence with treatment have been established in an open
label 40 week continuation study.
KEYWORDS
Solifenacin, Urinary incontinence, Overactive bladder and Wet granulation method.
Formulation development and invitro evaluation of lamotrigine fast dissolving...SriramNagarajan19
The present study was to formulate and evaluate oral fast dissolving Oral tablet containing Lamotrigine. Present study reveals that all the nine formulated tablet showed satisfactory tablet parameters. It can be concluded that, Oral fast dissolving tablet -containing Lamotrigine can be prepared by direct compression method. 10% CCS (FV) tablet exhibited required disintegration time and dissolution time. The drug release was about 98.7 % in 15min. The accelerated stability studies of the optimized F5 formulation indicates that the formulated oral fast dissolving tablet were unaffected after 3 months storage under accelerated conditions as there were no signs of visually distinguishable changes in appearance, disintegration time and cumulative percentage of drug release. From the present investigation it can be concluded that oral fast dissolving tablet formulation can be a potential novel drug dosage form for pediatric, geriatric and also for general population.
Abstract:
The purpose of present research work was to
optimize the formulation of fast dissolving tablet
of carbamazepine. Carbamazepine is one the most
prescribed antiepileptic drug. Fast dissolving
tablets of carbamazepine were prepared by using
different types of superdisintegrants like
croscarmellose sodium and sodium starch
glycolate. Fast dissolving tablet is prepared by
direct compression method. The formulations
were evaluated for wetting time, hardness,
friability, content uniformity, invitro
disintegration time, release profile. The result
revealed that the formulation F5 which containing
the 5% croscarmellose sodium as a
superdisintegrant have good dissolution profile
with shortest Disintegration time. It can be
concluded that the tablet of carbamazepine with
better pharmaceutical properties than conventional
tablets could be obtained using formulation F5.
Mouth dissolving tablets- A unique dosage form curtailed for special purpose:...IOSR Journals
The concept of mouth dissolving tablets known as MDTs has emerged with an objective to improve patient’s compliance. Methods to improve patient’s compliance have always attracted scientists towards the development of fancy oral drug delivery systems. Among them, mouth dissolving drug delivery systems (MDDDS) have obtained an important position in the market by overcoming previously encountered administration problems and contributing to extension of patent life. These dosage forms rapidly disintegrate in contact with saliva even within <60 seconds, an attribute that makes them highly attractive for paediatric, geriatric, bedridden patients and for active patients who are busy and in travelling may not have access to water. This special dosage form has some prerequisite criteria for formulation and this also involves the use of special techniques for large scale industrial production. The aim of this article is to review the advantages and disadvantages of MDTs, common excipients used in the formulation especially highlighting the use of superdisintegrating agents and taste masking agents in formulation and finally the popular methods used to produce large scale tablets for commercial purpose.
Formulation and Evaluation of Amlodipine Fast Dissolving Tabletsijtsrd
Fast dissolving tablet is a new era for successful development of controlled release formulation along with various features to provide successful drug delivery. In the present study, an attempt was made to design and evaluate fast dissolving tablets of Amlodipine besylate, which is used commonly for the treatment of angina pectoris. The tablets were prepared by direct compression method followed by sublimation method using super disintegrants sodium starch glycolate, crosspovidone and croscarmellose sodium. The prepared powder blends were evaluated for preformulation parameters. The tablets were evaluated for thickness, hardness, weight variation, drug content uniformity, friability and in vitro drug release studies. In vitro drug release studies were performed by using USP type II apparatus paddle method at 50 rpm in 900 ml of 0.1N HCl as dissolution medium for 30 minutes at 37±0.5°C. The formulation F9 containing Croscarmellose sodium 7 showed better disintegration and dissolution up to 30 minutes. Hence, formulation F9 was considered as optimized formulation which showed the best drug release profile up to 30 minutes. The results of mathematical model fitting of data obtained indicated that, the best fit model in all the cases the release was found to be by diffusion and fickian release. The results of FTIR analysis showed that there was no physical and chemical interaction between drug and other excipients. The study indicates that the fast dissolving tablets of Amlodipine besylate can effectively reduce the adverse effects and frequency of administration of the drug. Aparna. P | Dr. Subash Chandran M. P | Remya S B "Formulation and Evaluation of Amlodipine Fast Dissolving Tablets" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29563.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/29563/formulation-and-evaluation-of-amlodipine-fast-dissolving-tablets/aparna-p
Background: The main objective of present research work is to formulate the Carbamazepine Fast Dissoving tablets. Carbamazepine, an
antiepileptic, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control some types of seizures in the treatment of epilepsy and Neuropathic Pain by
blocking use-dependent sodium channels. Methods: The Fast Dissoving tablets of Carbamazepine were prepared employing different
concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Sperdisintegrants by Direct Compression technique
using 32
factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1
and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t
50% ,t90%were selected as dependent variables. Results and Discussion:
Totally nine formulations were designed and are evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, Invitro
drug release. From the Results concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the In-vitro
dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted in to different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) &
regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of
developed polynomial equations were verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1
, C2
). According to SUPAC guidelines the
formulation (F5
) containing combination of 9.375% Crospovidone and 9.375% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor
f
2
=82.675, dissimilarity factor f1
= 2.049 & No significant difference, t= 0.041) to marketed product (TEGRETOL-100). Conclusion: The
selected formulation (F5
) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release was found to be Non-Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.665).
KEYWORDS: Carbamazepine, 3
2Factorial Design, Crospovidone , croscarmellose Sodium, Wetting Time, Disintegration Time.
pharmaceutical technologists have developed a novel oral dosage form known as orally disintegrating tablets (odts) which disintegrate rapidly in saliva, usually in a matter of seconds, without the need to take it water. drug dissolution and absorption as well as onset of clinical effect and drug bioavailability may be significantly greater than those observed from conventional dosage forms ,
The oral route is the most favorable route for administration of drugs because of accurate dosage, low cost of therapy, self medication, non-invasive method, and ease of administration leading to a high level of patient compliance. Of the oral Dosage forms, solid dosage form is the preferred class of product as tablet represents a unit dosage form in which one dose of drug is placed accurately.
ABSTRACT
Overactive bladder (OAB) is a prevalent condition which has an adverse effect on quality of life. The presence
of urgency incontinence confers significant morbidity above and beyond that of OAB sufferers who are
continent. The primary treatment for OAB and urgency incontinence is a combination of behavioral measures
and antimuscarinic drug therapy. The ideal antimuscarinic agent should effectively relieve the symptoms of
OAB, with the minimum of side effects; it should be available as a once-daily sustained release formulation
and in dosage strength that allows easy dose titration for the majority of sufferers. Solifenacin succinate was
launched in 2005 and has been shown in both short and long term clinical trials to fulfill these requirements.
Solifenacin is a competitive M3 receptor antagonist with a long half-life (45-68 hours). It is available in two
dosage strengths namely a 5 or 10 mg once-daily tablet. The efficacy and tolerability of solifenacin for the
treatment of all symptoms of OAB has been evaluated in a number of large, placebo controlled, randomized
trials. Long-term safety, efficacy, tolerability and persistence with treatment have been established in an open
label 40 week continuation study.
KEYWORDS
Solifenacin, Urinary incontinence, Overactive bladder and Wet granulation method.
Formulation development and invitro evaluation of lamotrigine fast dissolving...SriramNagarajan19
The present study was to formulate and evaluate oral fast dissolving Oral tablet containing Lamotrigine. Present study reveals that all the nine formulated tablet showed satisfactory tablet parameters. It can be concluded that, Oral fast dissolving tablet -containing Lamotrigine can be prepared by direct compression method. 10% CCS (FV) tablet exhibited required disintegration time and dissolution time. The drug release was about 98.7 % in 15min. The accelerated stability studies of the optimized F5 formulation indicates that the formulated oral fast dissolving tablet were unaffected after 3 months storage under accelerated conditions as there were no signs of visually distinguishable changes in appearance, disintegration time and cumulative percentage of drug release. From the present investigation it can be concluded that oral fast dissolving tablet formulation can be a potential novel drug dosage form for pediatric, geriatric and also for general population.
Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinateijtsrd
The aim of the present work is Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate. Metoprolol Succinate is a BCS class I drug used in the treatment of Angina pectoric, Heart attack, Hypertension and has short half life 3 7hours. In the present study it was planned to prepare sustained release floating tablets of Metoprolol succinate by using HPMC E5 and Gum Karaya excipients. The procured sample of drug was authenticated by pre formulation study like melting point, IR spectra, UV analysis were done. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Prior to compression, the powder blend were evaluated for angle of repose, bulk density, tapped density, compressibility index, Hausners ratio. Results of pre formulation studies show that Metoprolol Succinate was pure and complies with standard. Formulations were evaluated for various evaluation parameters like hardness, thickness, weight variation, friability, drug content, floating lag time, floating time, swelling index and in vitro drug release. From the results of evaluation parameters it was observed that formulation F6 shows best results for floating lag time 4min floating time up to 12 hours and consistent drug release 96.15 as compared to other formulations. So formulation F6 was finalized as a optimized formulation for further study. On the basic of above finding it was concluded that sustained release floating drug delivery system was successfully achieved. Neeta. V. Jadhav | Prof. Mr. Prashant Khade | Dr. Ashok Bhosale "Formulation and Evaluation of Floating Tablet of Metoprolol Succinate" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50409.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50409/formulation-and-evaluation-of-floating-tablet-of-metoprolol-succinate/neeta-v-jadhav
International Journal of Pharmaceutical Science Invention (IJPSI) is an international journal intended for professionals and researchers in all fields of Pahrmaceutical Science. IJPSI publishes research articles and reviews within the whole field Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Science, new teaching methods, assessment, validation and the impact of new technologies and it will continue to provide information on the latest trends and developments in this ever-expanding subject. The publications of papers are selected through double peer reviewed to ensure originality, relevance, and readability. The articles published in our journal can be accessed online.
The main objective of the present research work is to formulate the Clopidogrel Fast Dissolving tablets. Clopidogrel, an antiplatelet drug, belongs to BCS Class-II and used to control Heart attack, Hypertension by inhibiting Platelet activation and aggregation .The Fast Dissolving tablets of Clopidogrel were prepared employing different concentrations of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium in different combinations as a Superdisintegrant by Direct Compression technique using 32 factorial design. The concentration of Crospovidone and Croscarmellose sodium was selected as independent variables, X1 and X2 respectively whereas, wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90% were selected as dependent variables. Totally nine formulations were designed and evaluated for hardness, friability, thickness, Assay, Wetting time, Disintegration time, and in-vitro drug release. From the Results it was concluded that all the formulation were found to be with in the Pharmacopoeial limits and the in-vitro dissolution profiles of all formulations were fitted into different Kinetic models, the statistical parameters like intercept (a), slope (b) and regression coefficient (r) were calculated. Polynomial equations were developed for Wetting time, Disintegration time, t50%, t90%. Validity of developed polynomial equations was verified by designing 2 check point formulations (C1, C2). According to SUPAC guidelines, the formulation (F5) containing combination of 15% Crospovidone and 15% Croscarmellose, is the most similar formulation (similarity factor f2=91.3936, dissimilarity factor f1= 1.203& No significant difference, t= -0.00062) to marketed product (PLAVIX-75). The selected formulation (F1) follows First order, Higuchi’s kinetics, mechanism of drug release found to be Fickian Diffusion (n= 0.226).
Preparation and evaluation of deferasirox effervescent release tabletsSriramNagarajan19
Deferasirox is an oral iron chelater used to reduce chronic iron over load in patients who are receiving long term blood transfusion for condition such as beta-thalassemia. In this study deferasirox drug were formulated by direct compression. Six formulations of effervescent tablets were prepared by using different concentrations of effervescent agents to get desired release profile of reference product. Drug - Exciepient compatibility was studied by FT-IR spectral analysis. Effervescent tablets of deferasirox drug were prepared by using various excipients .Pre compressive parameters like carr’s index of all formulations between 22.54 ± 0.1 to 11.68 ±0.19, indicates passable compressibility index. Angle of repose of formulations from 37.34±0.04 to 33.50 ±0.14 i.e.., it declares that all are possessing good flow properties and hausners ratio of all formulations was 1.29±0.09 to 1.12±0.10 which satisfies the limits of compressibility. Post compressive parameters like weight are within limits .Hardness test of all the formulations from 9.3± 0.13 to 10.3 ±0.45 kg/cm2 .All the evaluation parameters were under acceptable ranges. The in vitro drug dissolution studies were carried out for the formulations in pH6.8 phosphate buffer .Dissolution profiles of all trials were done among all the formulations F6 better release. Stability studies were carried out for optimized formulation as per ICH guidelines.
Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Solid Dispersion ...ijtsrd
The aim of the present work is Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Solid Dispersion of Carvedilol. The solid dispersions of Carvedilol were prepared with PEG6000 and PVP K30 in 1 1, 1 2, 1 3 by using Kneading method. The prepared solid dispersions were analyzed for FTIR. Solid dispersions showed a better dissolution compared to the pure drugs and among all the other formulations. The F3 formulation shows high percentage drug release i.e. 96.61 in 40 min and selected as an optimized formulation for the preparation of fast disintegrating tablets of Carvedilol. Crosscarmellose sodium and Crospovidone used in the preparation of fast disintegrating tablets prepared by direct compression method. The post compression parameters of all the prepared tablets were within the limits. FD6 was selected as optimized formulation based on its highest disintegration time 48 sec and drug release 94.87 in 40 min. Hence it concluded that solid dispersions incorporated fast disintegrating tablets is very useful approach for fast disintegration of Carvedilol to treat high blood pressure. Akshada Gavhane | Prof. Mr. Prashant Khade | Dr. Ashok Bhosale "Formulation and Evaluation of Fast Disintegrating Tablet of Solid Dispersion of Carvedilol - A Research" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-5 , August 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50379.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/pharmacy/pharmaceutics/50379/formulation-and-evaluation-of-fast-disintegrating-tablet-of-solid-dispersion-of-carvedilol--a-research/akshada-gavhane
Formulation and Evaluation of Mouth Dissolving Tablets in MirtazapineSriramNagarajan15
The present study was undertaken with an aim to development of formulation and evaluation of mouth dissolving tablets in mirtazapine. Mirtazapine, Gelatin, Cross Caramellose Sodium, Mannitol, aerosil, magnesium stearate, aspartame, mango flavor and microcrystalline cellulose were used for the preparation of tablets. The tablets were prepared by wet granulation method and evaluated for tablets thickness, weight variation, tablet hardness, friability, and in vitro drug release. Formulation F6 can be considered as an ideal or optimized formulation for mouth dissolving tablets of mirtazapine. It can be concluded that mouth dissolving tablet of mirtazapine. Can be successfully formulated and improving its bio availability.
ABSTRACT
The aim of the present research work was to enhance the solubility of
Carvedilol by solid dispersion method and to formulate a mouth
dissolving tablet. Drugs are more frequently taken by oral
administration. The solubility of Carvedilol enhanced with different
ratios of PVP by the solvent evaporation method .In-vitro release
profile of solid dispersion obtained in SGF without enzymes and Ph
6.8 phosphate buffer indicate that 100% drug release found within 20
min. These solid dispersion were directly compressed into tablets using
Crospovidone, sodium starch glycol ate, croscarmellose sodium and
polyacrylic potassium in different concentrations as a super
disintegrants. The prepared tablets containing the solid dispersion of
Carvedilol having sufficient strength of 2.5-4 kg/cm2. The
disintegrated in the oral cavity with in 21 sec. contain Crospovidone
(5%) as super disintegrant.
KEYWORDS: Carvedilol, PVP, Super Disintegrants, Mouth Dissolving Tablet.
Similar to FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF AMLODIPINE BESILATEIjprsonline004 (20)
Abstract:
The present study was done with the aim to evaluate anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of Cassia occidentalis Linn using adult earthworm Pheritima posthuma. Various concentrations (25, 50, 75 mg/ml) of all extracts were tested and results were expressed in terms of time for paralysis and time for death of worms. Albendazole was used as a reference standard and gum acacia in saline as a control group. Dose dependent activity was observed in all extracts Cassia occidentalis Linn.
Abstract
A total ten strains of Pseudomonas spp. were isolated frompaddy soil. Among isolated strains three Pseudomonasisolates P1, P2 and P3were shown siderophore production on succinic acid medium and chromo azural S agarplate medium.The ability of Pseudomonas to grow and to produce siderophores is dependent on the iron content and the type of carbon sources in the medium. Four basal media, supplemented with different concentration of iron, were employed to study the effectof iron and different organic carbon sources on siderophore production in Pseudomonas isolates.Cell growth reached a maximal value with150µ/ml Fe3+ siderophore production was maximum at this iron concentration. The optimal iron concentration for high siderophore production was in the succinate medium.The cultures under study, growth of cultures increasing with the increased concentration of iron up to 60µM, where as siderophore production repressed at high concentration of iron. Maximum siderophore production was 94, 88, 83 units for P1, P2 and P3 isolates respectively. All three isolates have shown both type of siderophore production i.e. wine red color formation in supernatant indicated production of hydroxamate type (pyoverdine) while yellow color formation in supernatant showed presence of catecholate or phenolate type (pyochelin) siderophore.
Abstract
A rapid advance of nanotechnology has the potential approach for significant improvements in disease prevention, diagnosis and treatment. In this article, we report a simple and eco-friendly biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles (Ag-NPs) using silver nitrate as metal precursor in Curcuma longa. These Ag-NPs were characterized by UV–vis spectroscopy, and Transmission electron microscopy (TEM). These nanoparticles exhibited maximum absorbance in specific nano meter range in UV–vis spectroscopy. TEM micrographs revealed the formation of well-dispersed Ag-NPs with its size and morphology. Microbiology assay founds that Ag-NPs are effective against V.cholera bacteria. These developments raise exciting opportunities to diagnose and treat pathogenic mode of infection based on the various profiles to target diseases.
Abstract:
Hyperlipidemia is a major risk factor in the
initiation and progression of atherosclerotic lesions,
conditions such as coronary heart disease, ischemic
cerebrovascular disease and peripheral vascular
disease. This leads to high mortality and morbidity
rate in developed countries. This is mainly due to
altered lipoprotein metabolism. Standard treatments
for Hyperlipidemia & dyslipidemia with statins and
with the other available agents have adverse effects.
Thus, there is more need for development of newer
pharmacological agents which are more efficient in
lowering LDL Cholesterol and Triglycerides. The
hypolipidemic activity of Nathaichoori Chooranam
was studied on high fat diet induced
hyperlipidemic rats. Hyperlipidemia in experimental
rats was evidenced by an enhancement in the levels
of Cholesterols, Triglycerides, LDL and VLDL.
The trial drug showed significant hypolipidemic
effect by lowering the serum levels of biochemical
parameters, such as significant reduction in the level
of serum Cholesterol, TGL, LDL, VLDL and
increase in HDL level which was similar to the
standard drug atorvastatin. So, it is concluded that
the Nathaichoori chooranam can be used in the
treatment of Hyperlipidemia and Obesity.
Abstract
The compounds of the invention are solid crystallines stable to the light and heat. They show an interesting activity in preventing the depression from reserpine at doses which do not cause any untoward side efiects of the parameters considered. The study of the examined products shows a slight calming action. The first symptoms of toxicity are observed at about 1000-12000 rug/kg. by oral route. At the tested doses, the compounds are without anticonvulsive and antitremorin activity. At higher doses they potentiate barbituric hypnosis. The following table illustrates the antidepressing activity of 4H-3-carboxamidomethyl-l,3-benzoxazine-2-one to reserpine in comparison with the antidepressing activity of imipramine. 1.4H-3-carboxamidomethyl-1,3-benzoxazine- 2-one 37.9 grams of ethyl glyciuate hydrochloride were dissolved in 400 cc. of ethanol and 33.5 g. of salicylic aldehyde were added. It is refluxed for half an hour and cooled. 38 cc. of triethylamine and g. of Raney nickel are then added whereafter hydrogenation is carried out at room temperature and under atmospheric pressure. After hydrogen adsorption was complete, the mixture was filtered and the alcohol evaporated 01f. The residue was taken up with acidified water, extracted with ether to eliminate part of the byproducts, consisting mainly of o.cresol, then made alkaline with ammonia and extracted with ethyl acetate. The solvent was removed in vacuo and the residue crystallized from ether/ petroleum ether. 36.7 g. of o-hydroxybenzyl-aminoacetic acid ethyl ester melting at 47 C. are obtained.
Abstract
A simple and accurate UV method has been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Hamycin and Ketoconazole cream formulation using SHIMADZU UV-Visible 1700 spectrophotometer by simultaneous equation method, with Acetonitrile: 0.5% w/v Ammonium acetate (80:20v/v) as a solvent. The absorbance maxima were found to be 381.5 nm for Hamycin and 243.5 nm for Ketoconazole. The percentage purity of cream formulation was found to be 99.08% for Hamycin and 98.22% for Ketoconazole. This method was also validated by checking the accuracy, precision, LOQ, LOD and Ruggedness. The %RSD shows within specification limits. The linearity profile shows coefficient of variation 0.99 for both drugs.
Abstract:
The present study was done with the aim to
evaluate anthelmintic activity of ethanolic extract of
Cassia occidentalis Linn using adult earthworm
Pheritima posthuma. Various concentrations
Abstract:
A reduction of hemoglobin concentration in blood
is termed as anemia. Especially women’s are
suffering from anemia due to loss of blood in
menstrual cycle, poor nutrition foods and in
postpartum females and different types of diseases
in humans which causes anemia. To treat this
there is no specific medicine is available except
iron tablets though they are not safe and may
cause serious health problems. That’s why in this
particular review article I will emphasis on the
naturally occurring products which may be
beneficial in anemia.
Abstract:
Aloe Vera has been used medicinally for a few
thousand years. It was sufficiently in demand that
Hannibal was known to have gone to war over it in
order to obtain control over its growing area
Abstract
Calotropis genera comprise of two species, with 90% inhabiting southern Asian country and are most endemic to the India, Indonesia, Malaysia, Thailand, and Srilanka, China. Calotropis gigantea is a weed plant commonly known as giant milk weed. The plant is belonging to Apocynaceae family which includes latex bearing plants. C. gigantea is known for various
medicinal properties in traditional medicinal system and use to cure a variety of diseases. In last few decades, C. gigantea is extensively studied for its medicinal properties by advanced scientific techniques and a variety of bioactive compounds have been isolated from the different parts of the plant and were analysed pharmacologically. The plant is reported for analgesic activity, antimicrobial activity, antioxidant activity, anti-pyretic activity, insecticidal activity, cytotoxicity activity, hepatoprotective activity, pregnancy interceptive properties, purgative properties, procoagulant activity and wound healing activity. The medicinal properties of this plant represent it as a valuable source of medicinal compound. This study is collective information concerning the ethnobotany, pharmacology, phytochemistry and biological activities of the C. gigantea.
Abstract:
Oral hygiene plays a very important role in
generalized health of body that is sadly
overlooked by most doctorsand the patients.Oral
health status profoundly impacts diseases ranging
from type 2 diabetes and cancer to rheumatoid
arthritis and atherosclerosis.Recent scientific
studies show that many of the natural nutrients
confers benefits when topically applied in the
mouth.Acting as powerful allies in the fight
against periodontal disease, these natural
compounds can help safeguard against lethal agerelated
diseases that emanate from our mouths.
A new simple, sensitive, rapid, accurate,
precise and economical Derivative
Spectrophotometric method for the
simultaneous determination of Quinapril
HCl
ABSTRACT
Aim: The aim of present work was to
formulate rapid disintegrating tablet of
Fluoxetine HCLwith pleasant taste and
better mouth feel by sublimation technique.
Materials and Methods: The fast
disintegrating tablet is formulated by
sublimation technique. The super
disintegrant used in present formulation was
crospovidone the other excipient used was
mannitol, Ammonium bicarbonate and
camphor. Result and Discussion: The
cumulative % of drug release of F7 batch of
wet granulation method was found to be
99.26% at the end of 4 min. Formulation F7
prepared by direct compression method
showed 99.71 % drug release at the end of 1
min while formulation F7 prepared by wet
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FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS OF AMLODIPINE BESILATEIjprsonline004
1. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Sci., 2013, 01(1), 26-32.
ISSN: 2348 –0882
FORMULATION AND EVALUATION OF ORODISPERSIBLE TABLETS
OF AMLODIPINE BESILATE.
Udgirkar D.B, Bhalsing M.D*, Rao K.S, Gawali V.B.
RRKS College of Pharmacy,Bidar,Karnatka, India
======================================================
ABSTRACT:
In the present study an attempt was made to
formulate
Orodispersible
tablets
of
amlodipine besilate with a view to provide a
convenient mean of administration to those
patients suffering from isolated systolic
hypertension and Angina. Orodispersible
tablets of Amlodipine Besilate using
different superdisintegrants were prepared
by direct compression method. The
Superdisintegrants used in this study were
Croscarmellose
sodium
(CCS),
Crospovidone (CP) and Sodium Starch
Glycolate (SSG) in varying concentrations
(4%, 6% & 8%). The prepared tablets were
evaluated for post compressional parameters
such as hardness, friability, thickness, invitro dispersion time, wetting time, and
water
absorption
ratio.
Effect
of
superdisintegrants [such as croscarmellose
sodium,
sodium
starch
glycolate,
crospovidone] on wetting time, in-vitro
dispersion time and stability parameter has
been studied. In-vitro dispersion time
decreases with increase in the concentration
of croscarmellose sodium and in-vitro
dispersion time increases with increase in
concentration of sodium starch glycolate.
However in-vitro dispersion time value did
not reflect major change with increase in the
concentration of crospovidone. The tablets
prepared by direct compression method
containing 8 % of croscarmellose sodium
showed highest in vitro drug release of
98.23 % within 30 min. From this study it is
concluded that Orodispersible tablets could
be prepared by direct compression method
using different superdisintegrants enhanced
dissolution will lead
to
improved
bioavailability, improved effectiveness of
Amlodipine besilate.
Keywords: Orodispersible tablets,
Amlodipine Besilate, Croscarmellose
sodium, Crospovidone and Sodium Starch
Glycolate
INTRODUCTION:
Amlodipine Besilate, is 3-Ethyl 5methyl 2- (2-aminomethoxymethyl) -4- (2chlorophenyl)-1,4-dihydro-6methylpyridine3, 5-dicarboxylate monobenzene sulphonate.
Calcium channel blocker used in treatment
Corresponding Author: Bhalsing MD
RRKS College of Pharmacy,Bidar,Karnatka,
India
Email: dattubu@yahoo.co.in
Received: 17.11.2013
Revised: 09.12.2013
Accepted: 16.12.2013
26
2. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Sci., 2013, 01(1), 26-32.
ISSN: 2348 –0882
of hypertension and angina (chronic, stable
or vasopastic).1,2
Solid dosage forms like tablet and
capsule are most popular and preferred drug
delivery system because they have high
patient compliance, relatively easy to
produce, easy to market, accurate dosing,
and good physical and chemical stability.3
However, many patient groups such as the
elderly, children, and patients who are
mentally retarded, uncooperative, nauseated,
or on reduced liquid-intake/ diets have
difficulties swallowing these dosage forms.
Those who are traveling or have little access
to water are similarly affected.4 For these
reasons, tablets which can rapidly dissolve
or disintegrate in the oral cavity have
attracted a great deal of attention. Rapidly
dissolving or disintegrating tablets are not
only indicated for people who have
swallowing difficulties, but also are ideal for
active people.5
Many patient find difficulties to
swallow tablet and hard gelatin capsule,
consequently they do not take medication as
prescribed. It is estimated that 50% of the
population is affected
by this problem
which result high incident of incompliance
and ineffective therapy. 6 This disorder is
also associated with number of
medical
conditions including stroke, Parkinson’s
disease, AIDS, head and neck radiation
therapy and other neurological disorders
including cerebral palsy. Recent advances in
novel drug delivery system aim to enhance
safety and efficacy of drug molecule by
formulating a convenient dosage form for
better patient compliance.7
The growing importance of mouth
dissolving tablet was underlined recently
when European Pharmacopoeia adopted the
term “Orodispersible Tablet” as a tablet that
to be placed in the mouth where it disperses
rapidly before swallowing. Suitable drug
candidates for such systems include
neuroleptics,
cardiovascular
agents,
analgesics, antiallergics and drugs for
erectile dysfunction.8 To overcome this
weakness,
scientist
have
developed
innovative drug delivery system known as
fast dissolving “melt in mouth” or mouth
dissolve (MD) tablet. These are novel type
of tablet that disintegrate dissolve / disperse
in saliva.9
MATERIAL & METHODS:
Amlodipine besilate was obtained as
a gift sample from Emcure pharma. Ltd.,
Pune. croscarmellose sodium (CCS) &
crospovidone (CP) obtained as a gift sample
from cipla , sodium starch glycolate (SSG)
& aspartame procured from Himedia labs,
mumbai.
Directly
compressible
microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) and
mannitol (directly compressible) were
procured from SD fine chem. Other reagents
were of analytical grade.
Method:
Preparation of orodispersible tablets of
Amlodipine
besilate
by
direct
compression method:
Orodispersible tablets of Amlodipine
besilate
were
prepared
by
direct
compression. All the ingredients were
passed through 60-mesh separately. Then
the ingredients were weighed and mixed in
geometrical order and compressed into
tablets of 150mg using 8mm round flat
punches on multi station rotary punch tablet
compression machine. (Clit Pilot press
Chamnnda Gujarat) A batch of 30 tablets of
each formulation was prepared for all the
designed
formulations.
Different
formulations compositions are given in
(Table 1).
27
4. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Sci., 2013, 01(1), 26-32.
F9
151 0.18
ISSN: 2348 –0882
3.9 0.10
65 1.0
0.64
71 1.73
97.22
34 1.28
% Drug Release
* Average of three determinations.
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
F1
F2
F3
0
10
20
30
40
Time in min.
Fig 1: Release profile of Amlodipine besilate tablets containing croscarmellose sodium
% Drug Release
120
100
80
60
F4
40
F5
20
F6
0
0
10
20
30
40
Time in min.
Fig 2: Release profile of Amlodipine besilate tablets containing sodium starch glycolate.
120
% Drug Release
100
80
60
F7
40
F8
20
F9
0
0
5
10
15
20
Time in min.
29
25
30
35
5. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Sci., 2013, 01(1), 26-32.
ISSN: 2348 –0882
Fig 3: Release profile of Amlodipine besilate tablets containing crospovidone.
Wb is weight of tablet after water
absorption.
The results are shown in Table 2.
5. In-vitro disintegration time:12 One tablet
each was placed in each of the six tubes
basket. Add a disc to each tube and run the
apparatus using pH 7.4 maintained at
37±2C as the immersion liquid. The
assembly should be raised and lowered
between 30 cycles per minute in the pH 7.4
maintained at 37±2C. The time in seconds
taken for complete disintegration of the
tablet with no palpable mass remaining in
the apparatus was measured and recorded.
6. Dissolution Studies:13 Dissolution rate
was studied by using USP type-II apparatus
(USP XXIII Dissolution Test Apparatus at
50 rpm) using 900ml of phosphate buffer pH
(7.4) as dissolution medium. Temperature of
the dissolution medium was maintained at
370.5°C, aliquot of dissolution medium
was withdrawn at every 5 min interval and
filtered. The absorbance of filtered solution
was measured by UV spectrophotometric
method at 237.5 nm and concentration of the
drug was determined from standard
calibration curve.
Evaluation of Amlodipine besilate
Orodispersible tablets:
1. Average Weight :10 Twenty tablets were
selected at a random and average weight
was calculated. Then individual tablets were
weighed and the individual weight was
compared with an average weight.
2. Hardness and Friability:10 Tablets were
evaluated for hardness and friability test
using Monsanto hardness tester and Roche
friabilator respectively. The percentage
friability was then calculated by,
Winitial - Wfinal
x100
F=
Winitial
3. Content uniformity test:11 Four tablets
weighted and crushed in a mortar then
weighed powder contain equivalent to 10
mg of drug was taken and dissolved in 100
ml methanol, from this solution 1 ml of
solution was diluted to 10 ml methanol
again 1 ml solution from this diluted upto 10
ml with methanol
and assayed for drug
content at 237.5 nm
4. Wetting Time and water absorption
ratio:10 Wetting time and water absorption
ratio is intimately related to the
hydrophilicity of the excipient and to the
pore size of tablets. A piece of tissue paper
folded twice was placed in a small Petri‐dish
(internal diameter of 6.5 cm) containing 10
ml of water. A tablet was placed on the
paper and the time required for complete
wetting was measured. The wetted tablet
was then weighed. Water absorption ratio
‘R’ was determined using the equation,
R=100{(Wa‐Wa)/Wa}
Where, Wa is weight of tablet before water
absorption,
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
In this study total nine formulation of
amlodipine orodispersible tablets were
formulated direct compression technique
using croscarmllose sodium, Crospovidone
and
Sodium
starch
glycolate
as
superdisntegrants. The post‐compression
parameters such as hardness, friability,
weight variation, amount of drug content;
in‐vitro wetting time and in‐vitro
disintegration time were evaluated which are
shown in table 2.
1. Average Weight: The weight variation of
all the tablets tested was within the
pharmacopoeial limits. The weights of
tablets of various batches were between 148151 mg.
30
6. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Sci., 2013, 01(1), 26-32.
ISSN: 2348 –0882
2. Hardness and Friability: It is well
known that the hardness of the tablet can
markedly affect the release rate of drug. The
hardness was found to be in the range of
3.10 to 3.90 kg/cm2. It indicates good
mechanical strength with a capability to
resist physical and perfunctory stress
conditions during handling.The friability
values of all the formulations are less than
1% and they meet the pharmacopoeial
standards
3. Content uniformity test:. The
percentages drug contents of all the tablets
were found to be between 96.11 to 99.44
which was within the acceptable limits as
mentioned for normal amlodipine tablets
mentioned in USP
4. Wetting Time and water absorption
ratio: The results of in‐vitro wetting time
and water absorption ratio were found to be
within the prescribe limits and satisfy the
criteria of orodispersible tablets. Wetting
time for all formulation batches prepared by
direct compression method showed wide
variation in the range of 61 and 76 seconds.
This wide variation range was observed due
to developmental changes in formulation.
Wetting time for all
these
formulation batches varied in the following
increasing order: Croscarmellose sodium <
Crospovidone < Sodium starch glycolate.
The formulations prepared by direct
compression
technique
shows
water
absorption ratio in the range 56 to 78 %
formulations containing only 4% of
superdisintegrant shows lower water
absorption ratio when compared to
formulations 8% of superdisintegrant, the
water absorption ratio also decreases due to
less swelling property. It was observed that
as concentrations of CCS increases water
absorption ratio increases due to CCS is
made by cross- linking reaction of sodium
CMC. This cross linking greatly reduced
water solubility of sodium CMC while
permitting material to swell and absorbs
water many times of its weight.
5. Invitro disintegration time: The
formulation showed ideal characteristic of a
dispersible type tablet. The rate of
disintegration of formulations increased with
variation in concentration of various
disintegrants. Batch F3, containing a higher
amount
of
croscarmellose
sodium,
disintegrates rapidly than other batches and
showed increased disintegration time.
6. Dissolution Studies: The invitro
dissolution profile indicate the faster and
maximum of 97.56 % drug release within 30
min from formulation F3 proving the
disintegrating property of Croscarmellose
sodium. It was observed that when
preparation
containing
Croscarmellose
sodium comes in contact with water, it gets
exaggerated immediately causing a quick
rupture there by releasing the entire drug
within the small time lap. The utmost raise
in the dissolution rate with various
superdisintegrants was found to be
Croscarmellose sodium> Crospovidone >
SSG shown in fig1, 2, 3.
CONCLUSION
In the present study the disintegrating
properties of the croscarmellose sodium,
Crospovidone and Sodium starch glycolate
had been studied. All the disintegrants
showed a rapidly disintegration, which is
required for faster drug dissolution and
improved bioavailability. Croscarmellose
sodium has the lead over others, thus
proving its future prospects as a
superdisntegrants in orodispersible tablets
for rapid absorption, effective therapy and
patient compliance. The batch F3 containing
croscarmellose sodium 8% was found to be
the best as compare to other formulations as
this formulation has optimum hardness (3.9
kg/cm2), friability (0.31), wetting time (61
sec.) and disintegration time of (28 sec). By
an appropriate combination of excipients it
31
7. Int. J. Pharm. Res. Sci., 2013, 01(1), 26-32.
ISSN: 2348 –0882
was thus possible to obtain orally
disintegrating tablets of Amlodipine besilate
using simple and conventional techniques.
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