This case study examines George, a prosperous lawyer who is diagnosed with ALS in his mid-50s. The diagnosis leaves George feeling disappointed and thinking about how the disease will affect his lifestyle, as he sees himself becoming a burden in a wheelchair, unable to talk or live independently. The student discusses how suffering has become part of human existence, but in the Christian view, God and Jesus Christ offer healing and restoration. The student argues that while God did not intend for suffering in his creation, it entered the world as a result of sin by Adam and Eve. Christians see suffering as ultimately permitted by God to draw people closer to him and help them appreciate health and life.

1. Measurement and Instrumentation Lab
Learning Objectives
· Define the International System of Units (measurement
system).
· Define a unit of measurement and demonstrate the ability to
convert measurements.
· Define length, temperature, time, volume, mass, density, and
concentration.
· Define significant figures and describe measurement
techniques.
Introduction
Just like you and your friend communicate using the same
language, scientists all over the world need to use the same
language when reporting the measurements they make. This
language is called the metric system. In this lesson we will
cover the metric units for length, mass, density, volume and
temperature, and also discuss how to convert among
them.Metric Measurement
What do all of these words have in common: thermometer,
barometer, diameter, odometer and parameter? All of these
words end in -meter. You have probably heard this word before,
but what does it mean? Meter at the end of a word
means measure. You use all kinds of measurements each day.
How much sugar is needed in the cookies you are baking? Will
it be warm enough to leave your jacket at home? How fast are
you driving? How much will a bag of apples cost? How much
time will it take you to get home from work?
The units of measure in the English and metric systems
Most Americans are taught the English or standard system of
measurement, but never get a good dose of the metric system.
Lucky for you, it is a much easier system to learn than the
English system because all the measurements are base 10 -

2. meaning that when you are converting from one to another, you
will always be multiplying or dividing by a multiple of 10. This
is much easier than trying to do calculations between ounces
and pounds, and feet and miles.
Because you may not be used to thinking metrically, it may take
a little practice using and working with the metric system
before you gain a better understanding of it and become more
fluent in the measurement language of scientists (and most non-
Americans). I challenge you to sprinkle a little more metric in
your life. Maybe read the milliliter measurement on your soda
can or glance at the kilometer reading on your speedometer.
Being able to picture metric quantities will really help with the
rest of this course.Length
We are going to start with the units of length so we can get back
to this word meter that we started out with. The meter is the
basic unit of length in the metric system. A meter is a tiny bit
longer than a yard. For distances much longer than a meter, you
would add the prefix kilo- to make the measurement kilometer.
A kilometer is the metric version of our mile, even though it is
a bit shorter than our mile. A kilometer is equivalent to exactly
1,000 meters. Any unit that has the word kilo- in front of it is
equivalent to 1,000 units. You can attach the prefix kilo- to just
about anything. If something takes 1,000 seconds, it takes a
kilosecond. If a forest has 1,000 trees, it has a kilotree. You get
the idea.
The balance measures mass in grams.
For distances much shorter than a meter, we would use either
a centimeter or a millimeter. A centimeter is about the width of
your pinky. There are exactly 100 centimeters in a meter. In
fact, anything that has the prefix centi- is one-hundredth the
size of that base unit. This should be very easy to remember,
because there are 100 cents in a dollar. One cent is one-
hundredth of a dollar!
The last prefix you should be familiar with is milli-. There are
exactly 1,000 millimeters in a meter. Anything that has the

3. prefix milli- is 1,000th the size of its base unit. This one is a bit
more difficult to remember, but it is definitely the prefix you
would use the most in a chemistry class.Mass
Next on our list of important metric quantities is mass. This is
one of the most important measurements a chemist
makes. Mass is how much of something you have, or the amount
of matter in an object. Do not confuse this with volume; volume
is a derived unit It is derived by multiplying the length times
the width times the height of an object. Mass is measured using
a balance, and the basic unit for mass is the gram. To give you
an idea of the relative size of a gram, the mass of a penny is
about 2.50 grams.
Sometimes people get confused with the difference between
mass and weight. They end up being quite similar because
everything you and I do takes place on Earth. But, mass and
weight differ because mass is how much of something you have
and weight is the force of gravity on an object. Take a look at
this example. Both of these blocks have the same mass (one
kilogram, or 1,000 grams), but one is on Earth and the other is
on the moon. Because the Earth has more mass than the moon, it
is going to pull the block with more force. This is why things on
Earth have more weight than things on the moon, even though
both have the same mass. This may be difficult to imagine
because it is not like you are going to the moon on a daily basis
to check this out.
Pre-Lab Questions
1. The SI system unit for the amount of a substance
is_____________.
2. The International System of Units (SI) is
___________________________________________. (provide a
definition)

4. 3. Convert 15.00oF to oC.
4. Convert 5.00 miles to kilometers
5. A_______________ is the curve that forms between the
liquid and the surface of the container as the result of the
following properties of liquids: _______________________,
_________________, and _________________.
6. ____________________ is defined as mass per unit of
measure.
7. The definition of % m/V is
________________________. (provide the formula)
8. Explain why significant figures include only the certain
digits of a measurement.
9. When reading a graduated cylinder made of glass, one must
read the volume at eye level from the
_________________________ of the meniscus.
10. A volumetric flask contains 25.0 mL of a 14% m/V sugar
solution. If 2.5 mL of this solution is added to 22.5 mL of
distilled water, what is the % m/V of the new solution. (use the
formula from question 7 to calculate this answer).
11. Calculate experimental error (aka percent error) using the
following data: the measured value equals 1.4 cm; the accepted
value equals 1.2 cm.
12. What is the volume of an irregularly shaped object that has
a mass 3.0 grams and a density of 6.0 g/mL
Procedure:
I. Length Measurements
Materials you will need:
· Metric ruler
· CD or DVD
· Key
· Spoon
· Fork
1. Gather the metric ruler, CD or DVD, key, spoon, and fork.
2. Look at the calibration marks on your ruler to determine the
degree of uncertainty and number of significant figures that can
be made when measuring objects with the ruler.

5. Note: Record every measurement you make with this ruler to the
same decimal place. Remember to do this any time you use this
ruler throughout the experiment.
1. Measure the length of each of the following objects (CD or
DVD, Key, Spoon, Fork) with the ruler in centimeters (cm) to
the correct level of precision and record in Data Table 1.
2. Convert the measurements for each of the objects from
centimeters to millimeters and record in Data Table 1.
3. Convert the measurements for each of the objects from
millimeters to meters and record in Data Table 1.
II. Temperature Measurements
Materials you will need:
· Pyrex one-cup measuring cup
· Thermometer (Fahrenheit OK, Celsius would be best)
· Safety glasses
· Potholder
· Plastic cup
· Ice cubes
· Tap water (hot and cold)
1. Gather the 1 cup Pyrex measuring cup, cup (plastic or
drinking), and thermometer.
Note: Your thermometer is probably going to be in Fahrenheit
scale, and you will have to convert to Celsius and Kelvin.
1. Look at the calibration marks on the thermometer to
determine the degree of uncertainty and number of significant
figures that can be made when measuring temperature.
Note: Record every measurement you make with this
thermometer to the same decimal place. Remember to do this
any time you use this measuring device throughout the
experiment.
1. Turn on the tap water to hot. Let the water run as hot as
possible for approximately 15 seconds.
2. Fill the 1-cup measuring cup to the 1/3 cup mark with hot tap
water.
3. Measure the temperature of the hot tap water with the

6. thermometer and convert to degrees Celsius (°C) to the correct
precision of the thermometer. Record the measurement in Data
Table 2.
Note: When measuring the temperatures place the thermometer
into the water so that the silver bulb is fully submerged, but not
touching the sides or bottom of the glass beaker. The
measurement is complete when the thermometer remains the
same temperature without changing.
1. Put on safety glasses.
2. Place Pyrex measuring cup in the microwave and heat until
you see bubbles breaking the surface of the water. The time it
takes differs for different microwaves.
3. Allow the water to heat unit it comes to a full boil. As soon
as the water is boiling fully, measure the temperature with the
thermometer and record the measurement to the correct level of
precision. Record the measurement in Data Table 2.
4. Allow the water to continue boiling for approximately 5
minutes. After 5 minutes, measure the temperature with the
thermometer and record the measurement to the correct level of
precision. Record the measurement in Data Table 2.
5. Once you are done with this experiment, carefully remove the
measuring cup from the microwave using a potholder and set
aside to cool.
6. Turn on the tap water to cold. Let the water run as cold as
possible for approximately 15 seconds.
7. Fill the cup (plastic or drinking) approximately half-full with
cold tap water.
8. Measure the temperature of the cold tap water with the
thermometer and record the measurement to the correct level of
precision. Record the measurement in Data Table 2.
9. Add a handful of ice cubes to the cup of cold tap water and
allow them to sit in the cold water for approximately 1 minute.
10. After 1 minute stir the ice water with the thermometer.
11. the temperature of the ice water after 1 minute with the
thermometer and record the measurement to the correct level of
precision. Record the measurement in Data Table 2.

7. 12. Allow the ice to remain in the water for an additional 4
minutes.
13. After the additional 4 minutes stir the ice water with the
thermometer.
14. the temperature of the ice water after 4 minutes with the
thermometer and record the measurement to the correct level of
precision. Record the measurement in Data Table 2.
15. Convert the temperature measurements for each of the 6
water samples from °F to °C and K. Record the converted
temperatures in Data Table 2.
III. Mass Measurements (Conversions)
1. Review the different object(s) listed in Data Table 3.
1. Use the masses provided for each of the object(s) in grams
and record in Data Table 3.
2. Decide which pennies (before or after 1982) you are using for
your calculations and stick with the choice throughout the
conversions and indicate your choice.
3. Decide if you are using a pen or a pencil and stay with that
choice throughout the entire conversion exercise and indicate
your choice.
*Since we cannot accurately measure mass at home, I have
provided you with the mass of the objects:
Penny after 1982
Penny before 1982
Dime
Quarter
Pen
Pencil
2.50 g
3.10 g
2.268 g
5.670 g
16.00 g
4.40 g

8. Experimental Results
Data Table 1: Length Measurements
Object
Length in cm
Length in mm
Length in m
CD/DVD
Spoon
Fork
Key
Data Table 2: Temperature Measurements
Temperature in oF
Temperature in oC
Temperature in K
Hot from Tap
Boiling

9. Boiling for 5 min
Cold from Tap
Ice Water – 1 min
Ice Water – 5 min
Data Table 3: Mass Measurements (Conversions)
Mass
Mass in Grams (g)
Mass in Milligrams (mg)
Mass in Kilograms (Kg)
Pen or Pencil
3 pennies
1 quarter

10. 2 quarters + 3 dimes
4 dimes + 5 pennies
3 quarters + 1 dime + 5 pennies
key
Key + 1 quarter + 4 pennies
Post-Lab Questions
1. Water boils at 100°C at sea level. If the water in this
experiment did not boil at 100°C, what could be the reason?
2. While heating two different samples of water at sea level, one
boils at 102°C and one boils at 99.2°C. Calculate the percent
error for each sample from the theoretical 100.0°C.
3. In the movie, "Raiders of the Lost Ark", Indiana Jones takes
a gold idol from a cave. The statue is resting on a table which is
rigged with a weight sensor. The weight sensor can detect when
the weight is removed and will set off a series of unfortunate
accidents. To prevent this from happening, Indiana replaces the
gold idol with a bag of sand. The volume of the gold idol is
approximately 1.0 L. The density of gold is 19.3 g/mL and the
density of sand is 2.3 g/mL.
a. Assuming the idol is pure gold, what volume would the bag

11. of sand have to be in order to weigh exactly the same as the idol
and not set off the booby-traps?
b. Let us assume that Indiana is successful in removing the idol
and returning with it to his laboratory. He decides to determine
if it is pure gold. He weighs the idol and measures the volume
by a water displacement method. The results are mass = 16.5 kg
and volume of water displaced = 954 mL. Is the idol made of
pure gold? Explain your answer based on the experimental
results
4. An unknown, rectangular substance measures 3.60 cm high,
4.21 cm long, and 1.17 cm wide. If the mass is 21.3 g, what is
this substance’s density (in grams per milliliter)?
5.A sample of gold (Au) has a mass of 26.15 g. Given that the
theoretical density is 19.30 g/mL, what is the volume of the
gold sample?
6. A student was given an unknown metal. The
student determined that the mass of the metal was 30.2 g. The
student placed the metal in a graduated cylinder filled with 20.0
mL of water. The metal increased the volume of water to
22.9 mL. Calculate the density of the metal and determine the
identity of the metal using the table below.
Densities of Metals in g/mL
Lead
11.3
Silver
10.5
Nickel
9.90
Zinc
7.14

12. Submission Ide: e45a3aa1-d9e0-45e7-b8c7-24618c878bba
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Beri Sunjo
CASESTUDY WK4.docx
Summary
Running Head: CASE STUDY 1
CASE STUDY 2
CASE STUDY
Grand Canyon University
BERI SUNJO
PHI 413V
06/12/2020
Abstract

13. CASE STUDY 3
udent: Submitted to Grand Canyon University
According to the case study, George is a very prosperous
advocate in his mid-fifties.
He is disappointed after discovering the early signs and
symptoms of amyotrophic lateral
sclerosis (ALS). This diagnosis left George thinking about his
life and how the illness will
affect his lifestyle. He saw himself as a burden, having to live
in a wheelchair, unable to talk,
and live independently. The world that we live in is full of
uncertainty and suffering. Nobody

14. can be safe and completely free from pain. Suffering has
become a part of human existence.
It draws us closer to our creator. In addition, it enables us to
appreciate good health and life.
In Christian worldwide, God through the Lord Jesus Christ is a
source of healing and
restoration. In this paper, I will discuss George suffering in
light of the Christian narrative
and Christian viewpoint.
Question 1
When God created the earth and Heaven sin as well as suffering
was not thought of in
his creation. Sin has become a part of human beings. As a result
of sin by Adam and Even
suffering befell the world based on the holy bible teaching on
creation in the book of Genesis.
Although Christians see sin as a result of sin. It is not in God’s
will for human beings to
undergo suffering. The book of Genesis states that man was
created in the image and
likelihood of God. This shows that it is not God's original
thought for a man to suffer.
George's suffering is a result of the great fall of man and not

15. exactly the result of his
actual sin. Christians all over the world inspire, encourage, and
give Christians hope with the
thought of life after death. George's suffering is a test of faith.
Therefore, putting faith and
belief in God is very important since he is the only source of
restoration and healing.
Fallenness as well as suffering experiences in the world that are
inescapable. Adam and Eve
lived in the garden of Eden and they were responsible for taking
care of God’s creation. After
they ate the forbidden fruit they were chased out of the garden
and from that moment God
distanced himself from human beings due to their sins. Human
beings were cursed.
They were made to toil hard for food. This confirms the misery
that human beings
CASE STUDY 4
CASE STUDY 5
intentionally discontinue his life for him not to experience the
suffering and pain that awaits
him, (Liégeois & De Schrijver, 2018) .

16. From the Christian perspective, he does not have any
appreciation of life which is
given to humans by God. Christians believe that it is only God
who has the power to provide
and take away life. George does not have the value of life which
is the reason that he is ready
and willing to proceed with euthanasia. Christians believe that
life is precious and a gift from
d Canyon University
versity
experience in their lives. As a Christian George is likely to

17. interpret his health as suffering
based on the idea that he is a sinner and that human beings
experience different forms of
suffering due to their sinful actions against God. Most of the
time human beings tend to
engage in sinful activities without their knowledge. Since
George is human he is in one way
or another bond to commit sin. Therefore, his validation of
suffering can be based on the fact
that every person is a sinner and this has led to the more people
falling short of God’s glory.
Question 2
The fall of man is the root of despair, suffering, the distraught
and troubled world we
live. The suffering and resurrection of Jesus provide hope to the
human race since it is
through his plight of Jesus that we find restoration and healing.
The bible confirms that Jesus
died and suffered in the hands of people he had come to save.
Jesus later resurrected. This
narrative continues to provide Christians with the hope that they
have the capability to endure
suffering which in turn they are able to remain faithful and
trustful to God. The resurrection

18. and death of Jesus Christ is a vital approach to offering hope to
the people who are suffering,
(Soomro, 2016). Jesus being crucified has significantly
provided a crucial representation of
Jesus' suffering. However, the most essential part is the
resurrection on the third day where
suffering and hope were brought out as an essential platform of
the Christian faith. A similar
scenario that George can relate to is the narrative of Job. The
story of Job provides hope since
Job loses all his property, children and also persevered pain,
and later on due faith all the
property that he had lost was restored.
Question 3
According to the situation, George would envision to remain
alive if he was in good
health. However, based on his health status he is not expected to
attain back his health status.
He does not want to depend on the people around him to
conduct his daily activities. He is
also worried that his health condition will make him captive of
his body. George is also
worried about the suffering and pain that he would experience if

19. he continues to live with his
health condition. In addition, being a prominent figure in the
community he is worried about
losing his dignity and power. He was not quite prepared to find
himself in that state of life
and that is the reason why he prefers to go through voluntary
euthanasia where he would
God. George thought of having to live his life disabled is
troubling him. The value of life is
inherent since it is deriving from God who created man in His
own image and likeness. The
Christian worldview in this case should emphasize the value of
life despite being diagnosed
with ALS. Christians should treasure and view life as precious
since God sees every life as
valuable too.
Question 4
Life is a gift from God. Therefore, it should be protected,
sustained, and treasured.
George's condition makes him consider euthanasia as the final
option for his problem. The
fall of man brought with it problems facing mankind. As a

20. result, physical death is
unavoidable in the human race. Euthanasia is one of the ways
that has been used to get rid of
human suffering. According to the Christian worldview active
euthanasia is forbidden by the
sixth commandment irrespective of the ailing patient request. In
the bible, King Saul orders
his armor-bearer to end his life in order to escape humiliation
from his opponents. After the
armor-bearer struck and killed him. David was angry and when
he learned this he executed
Amalekite for ending the life of Saul. Suffering in itself is not
good but it is a result of the fall
of man. When considering whether or not George should opt for
euthanasia the will of good
and the meaning of suffering in the Christian perspective should
be considered and evaluated.
Based on the Christian perspective, George is considered to
proceed with a sinful act by
CASE STUDY 6
preferring to go on with the euthanasia, ( Anthony & Sterkens,
2019). Even if he lives a
quality of life that he regards as low it does not warrant an
adequate reason for him to

21. undergo euthanasia. It is God’s responsibility to give and take
away life. Even in sorrows,
George should look for a reason why he is alive since
euthanasia cannot be justified in
Christianity.
Question 5
According to the Christian worldview George needs to be
placed under the care of
nurses, friends as well as family members who have the ability
to take care of him and
provide him with what he needs. In addition, George should
read the bible and pray since this
will provide guidance on the best way to live his life. He should
also enroll for guidance and
counseling sessions to enable him to cope with his new life by
preparing him
psychologically.
Question 6
It is quite easy to establish a verdict based on the Christian
worldwide view in
comparison to the worldwide view. Based on the Christian
perspective despite George's

22. suffering, no one has a right to take away his life. Christian in
the world value life. They
believe that it is a precious gift from God. The value of life is
inherent since it is deriving
from God who created man in His own image and likeness. On
the other hand, based on the
worldview an individual has a right to choose to proceed with
euthanasia or continue with the
medication. Most people choose euthanasia since they are afraid
of suffering, losing their
nd Canyon University

23. anyon University
power as well as dignity. Patient autonomy should be esteemed
and what he or she desires
should be rendered.
CASE STUDY 7
CASE STUDY 8

24. After analyzing and reviewing the situation of George’s health.
Their stand a noble
reason as to why he should proceed with euthanasia. Euthanasia
is an action that enables a
person to be able to escape pain and suffering. For example, if
George cannot eat properly
and breathe and indicates that the probability of survival is
limited. At some point, George
may be fed through the usage of other devices and he may live
in a life-supporting machine.
There stands no chance of assurance that he will be well and
that his situation will change.
For this reason, it is appropriate to undergo euthanasia.
References
Anthony, F. V., & Sterkens, C. (2019). Religion and the right to
(dispose of) life: A study of
the attitude of Christian, Muslim and Hindu students in India
concerning death
penalty, euthanasia and abortion. In Euthanasia, Abortion,
Death Penalty and
Religion-The Right to Life and its Limitations (pp. 13-63).
Springer, Cham.
Liégeois, A., & De Schrijver, S. (2018). Christian ethical
boundaries of suicide

25. prevention. Religions, 9(1), 30.
Soomro, S. A. (2016). A Comparative Study of Religious
Perspective on Euthanasia: Mercy
Killing. Bayan-ul-Hikmah, 2(1), 48-48.
Case Study: End of Life Decisions
George is a successful attorney in his mid-fifties. He is also a
legal scholar, holding a teaching post at the local university law
school in Oregon. George is also actively involved in his
teenage son’s basketball league, coaching regularly for their
team. Recently, George has experienced muscle weakness and
unresponsive muscle coordination. He was forced to seek
medical attention after he fell and injured his hip. After an
examination at the local hospital following his fall, the
attending physician suspected that George may be showing early
symptoms for amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), a
degenerative disease affecting the nerve cells in the brain and
spinal cord. The week following the initial examination, further
testing revealed a positive diagnosis of ALS.
ALS is progressive and gradually causes motor neuron
deterioration and muscle atrophy to the point of complete
muscle control loss. There is currently no cure for ALS, and the
median life expectancy is between 3 and 4 years, though it is
not uncommon for some to live 10 or more years. The

26. progressive muscle atrophy and deterioration of motor neurons
leads to the loss of the ability to speak, move, eat, and breathe.
However, sight, touch, hearing, taste, and smell are not
affected. Patients will be wheelchair bound and eventually need
permanent ventilator support to assist with breathing.
George and his family are devastated by the diagnosis. George
knows that treatment options only attempt to slow down the
degeneration, but the symptoms will eventually come. He will
eventually be wheelchair bound and be unable to move, eat,
speak, or even breathe on his own.
In contemplating his future life with ALS, George begins to
dread the prospect of losing his mobility and even speech. He
imagines his life in complete dependence upon others for basic
everyday functions and perceives the possibility of eventually
degenerating to the point at which he is a prisoner in his own
body. Would he be willing to undergo such torture, such loss of
his own dignity and power? George thus begins inquiring about
the possibility of voluntary euthanasia.
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