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Osteomyelitis ppt
Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that is commonly caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. It can be classified based on duration of symptoms, mechanism of infection such as hematogenous or contiguous spread, or type of host response. Common symptoms in children include swelling, tenderness, and irritability on movement. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging like MRI or bone scan, and tests like bloodwork. Treatment involves antibiotics to treat the infection as well as possible surgical debridement or bone grafting. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing infection recurrence, and educating on treatment compliance.
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Osteomyelitis ppt
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- 2. Introduction Nelaton (1834): coined osteomyelitis The root words are -osteon (bone) -myelo (marrow) these are combined with itis (inflammation) to define the clinical state in which bone is infected with microorganisms.
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- 4. Classification Attempts to classifyare based on: (1) the duration and type of symptoms (2)the mechanism of infection (3)the type of host response
- 5. Based on theduration and type of symptom
- 6. Classified according to mechanism 1.Hematogenous 2.Contiguous 3. Vascular insufficiency
- 7. Based on hostresponse 1.Pyogenic 2. non- pyogenic
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- 9. Causative Organisms Infants –Staph. aureus most common – Streptococcus group B – Coliform organisms 6 months to 4 years – Staph. Aureus – H. influenza
- 10. Continue Sickle celldisease – Salmonella paratyphi IV drug abusers - pseudomonas Fungal osteomyelitis
- 11. Etiology 1. Disease iscommon in active bone growth 2. Male > female 3. Poor nutrition 4. Trauma 5. Skin, dental, respiratory, GI, urinary tract infection 6. Burns 7. Iv drug abuse 8. Sickle cell anemia 9. Immuno compromised state 10.Old age, debilitated state
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- 14. Pathophysiology Entry of microbe(infection) initialresponse Inflammation Increased vascularity edema
- 15. Continue Entry of microbe(infection) after2-3 days Thrombosis of local blood vessels Ischemia with bone necrosis
- 16. Continue Infection extends intothe meduallary cavity and under the periosteium and may spread into adjacent soft tissues and joints Bone abscess formation sequestrum involucrum Chronic Osteomyelitis
- 18. Assessment Physical examination Neonates –have a thin periosteium that is easily penetrated by infection – will present with swelling at the affected site & adjacent joint and irritability on movement of the limb.
- 19. continue Older children – dueto thicker metaphyseal cortex and densely adherent periosteium – will have point tenderness In infants , elderly and immunocompro- -mised pts clinical findings may be minimal
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- 27. Medical treatment Pathogen Firstline drug Staph. Aureus (methicillin –sensitive) Oxacillin 2gm IV 6hrs or clindamycin phosphate 900mg IV 8hrs S. aureus (methicillin resistant) Vancomycin 1g IV 12hrs plus rifampicin Streptococcus pneumoniae Penicillin G, 4million units IV 6hrs Intermediate penicillin-resistant S.pneumoniae Ceftriaxone 2g IV 24hrs Enterococcus species Ampicillin 2g IV 6hrs or vancomycin 1g IV 12hrs Enteric gram-negative rods Fluoroquuionolone Pseudomonas aeruginosa Levofloxacin 500mg IV 24rs
- 28. Surgical treatment THE GOALSOF SURGERY Eradication of infection by achieving a viable & vascular environment Radical debridement Prevent recurrence
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- 33. COMPLICATIONS Growth disturbances Pathologicalfractures Muscle contractures Secondary septicemia Epithelioma Malignant changes( Squamous cell ca,Reticulum cell ca, Fibrosarcoma) Joint stiffness Amyloidosis
- 34. Nursing management Diagnosis Acutepain related to inflammation and edema Impaired physical mobility related to pain and weight bearing limitations Risk for infection :bone abscess formation Deficient knowledge related to the treatment regimen
- 35. Nursing interventions Date:20-nov-2017 Venue : room no.204 Time : 12:15 p.m