Acute osteomyelitis is a bone infection, usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus, that can progress to bone destruction. It has a bimodal age distribution in children under 5 and adults over 50. Symptoms include fever and pain at the infected bone. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone biopsy and imaging tests. Treatment is with antibiotics and sometimes surgery to drain pus. Antibiotics are given for weeks or months to prevent recurrence or progression to chronic osteomyelitis.
1. Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that can be caused by bacteria entering through the bloodstream or spreading from a contiguous infected site. It is classified based on duration, mechanism of infection, and host response.
2. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is the most common type, usually affecting the metaphysis of long bones in children. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent causative organism. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone aspiration, and imaging like x-rays and MRI.
3. Treatment of acute osteomyelitis consists of IV antibiotics and surgical drainage if abscess is present. Complications include chronic osteomyelitis, septic arthritis,
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an infection of bone tissue. It defines osteomyelitis and describes the epidemiology, sources of infection, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and treatment of both acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Acute osteomyelitis is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus spreading via the bloodstream and commonly affects the long bones of children and the vertebrae, feet and pelvis of adults. Investigations include blood tests, imaging like x-rays, CT and MRI, and bone biopsy for culture and sensitivity testing. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesia, splinting, drainage of pus if needed, and follow up to monitor for recurrence.
This document discusses and classifies acute and subacute osteomyelitis. It begins by defining osteomyelitis as a bone or bone marrow infection. It then classifies osteomyelitis based on timing of onset (acute <2 weeks, subacute 2-6 weeks, chronic >6 weeks) and method of spread (exogenous or hematogenous). Key points include: acute osteomyelitis most commonly spreads hematogenously while staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause; subacute osteomyelitis has an indolent course and is often an incidental finding on imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery if abscess or lack of response, and immobilization.
Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone that has been described since ancient times. It is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria entering the bone hematogenously. Acute osteomyelitis typically affects the metaphysis of long bones in children. Chronic osteomyelitis results from untreated acute infection and is characterized by sequestered necrotic bone. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of pus, and surgical debridement or removal of infected bone.
1) Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of bone marrow and bone predominantly seen in children. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism.
2) It typically involves the metaphysis of long bones. Presentation includes fever, pain, swelling, and elevated inflammatory markers. Diagnosis is made through imaging and biopsy.
3) Treatment involves prolonged intravenous antibiotics for 6 weeks along with surgical drainage if abscesses are present. The goal is to remove necrotic tissue and prevent complications like bone deformity, arthritis, or chronic osteomyelitis.
This document discusses bone infection, including acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis. It describes how bone infections occur due to a reduction in host defenses allowing bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus to proliferate. Symptoms include pain, fever and tenderness. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like MRI, and culture of infected tissue. Treatment requires antibiotics, debridement of infected and dead bone, and stabilization of fractures. Chronic osteomyelitis can develop if the initial infection is not fully treated.
This document discusses acute musculoskeletal infections in children. It covers various types of infections like osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyomyositis, and abscesses. Clinical presentation can be similar between conditions. Thorough history, exam, labs, imaging and aspiration/biopsy are needed to make an accurate diagnosis. Osteomyelitis most commonly affects the metaphysis of long bones in children under 2 years old. Septic arthritis is more common than osteomyelitis and usually involves a single joint like the hip or knee. Both conditions require intravenous antibiotics and may need surgical drainage of abscesses.
1. Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that can be caused by bacteria entering through the bloodstream or spreading from a contiguous infected site. It is classified based on duration, mechanism of infection, and host response.
2. Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is the most common type, usually affecting the metaphysis of long bones in children. Staphylococcus aureus is the most frequent causative organism. Diagnosis involves blood tests, bone aspiration, and imaging like x-rays and MRI.
3. Treatment of acute osteomyelitis consists of IV antibiotics and surgical drainage if abscess is present. Complications include chronic osteomyelitis, septic arthritis,
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an infection of bone tissue. It defines osteomyelitis and describes the epidemiology, sources of infection, pathogenesis, clinical features, investigations and treatment of both acute and chronic osteomyelitis. Acute osteomyelitis is usually caused by Staphylococcus aureus spreading via the bloodstream and commonly affects the long bones of children and the vertebrae, feet and pelvis of adults. Investigations include blood tests, imaging like x-rays, CT and MRI, and bone biopsy for culture and sensitivity testing. Treatment involves antibiotics, analgesia, splinting, drainage of pus if needed, and follow up to monitor for recurrence.
This document discusses and classifies acute and subacute osteomyelitis. It begins by defining osteomyelitis as a bone or bone marrow infection. It then classifies osteomyelitis based on timing of onset (acute <2 weeks, subacute 2-6 weeks, chronic >6 weeks) and method of spread (exogenous or hematogenous). Key points include: acute osteomyelitis most commonly spreads hematogenously while staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause; subacute osteomyelitis has an indolent course and is often an incidental finding on imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery if abscess or lack of response, and immobilization.
Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone that has been described since ancient times. It is commonly caused by Staphylococcus aureus bacteria entering the bone hematogenously. Acute osteomyelitis typically affects the metaphysis of long bones in children. Chronic osteomyelitis results from untreated acute infection and is characterized by sequestered necrotic bone. Treatment involves antibiotics, drainage of pus, and surgical debridement or removal of infected bone.
1) Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of bone marrow and bone predominantly seen in children. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism.
2) It typically involves the metaphysis of long bones. Presentation includes fever, pain, swelling, and elevated inflammatory markers. Diagnosis is made through imaging and biopsy.
3) Treatment involves prolonged intravenous antibiotics for 6 weeks along with surgical drainage if abscesses are present. The goal is to remove necrotic tissue and prevent complications like bone deformity, arthritis, or chronic osteomyelitis.
This document discusses bone infection, including acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis. It describes how bone infections occur due to a reduction in host defenses allowing bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus to proliferate. Symptoms include pain, fever and tenderness. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like MRI, and culture of infected tissue. Treatment requires antibiotics, debridement of infected and dead bone, and stabilization of fractures. Chronic osteomyelitis can develop if the initial infection is not fully treated.
This document discusses acute musculoskeletal infections in children. It covers various types of infections like osteomyelitis, septic arthritis, pyomyositis, and abscesses. Clinical presentation can be similar between conditions. Thorough history, exam, labs, imaging and aspiration/biopsy are needed to make an accurate diagnosis. Osteomyelitis most commonly affects the metaphysis of long bones in children under 2 years old. Septic arthritis is more common than osteomyelitis and usually involves a single joint like the hip or knee. Both conditions require intravenous antibiotics and may need surgical drainage of abscesses.
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an infection of bone. It describes the classification systems of Waldvogel and Cierny-Mader, which categorize osteomyelitis based on duration, pathogenesis, anatomical involvement, and host physiology. Common types include hematogenous osteomyelitis from bacteremia and contiguous osteomyelitis from a nearby soft tissue infection. Diagnosis involves imaging, labs, and bone biopsy for culture and pathology. Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent pathogen.
This document discusses septic arthritis, which is a joint inflammation caused by an infection. It most commonly affects children under 5 and joints like the knee, hip, elbow and shoulder. Common causes are bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Symptoms include fever, pain and reluctance to move the joint. Diagnosis involves blood tests, joint aspiration and imaging. Treatment requires antibiotics, joint drainage if needed, and several weeks of immobilization. Complications can include joint destruction if left untreated. It also describes Tom Smith arthritis, a type of septic arthritis of the hip that destroys the femoral head in infants.
This document discusses septic arthritis, which is a joint inflammation caused by infection. It most commonly affects children under 5 and joints like the knee, hip, elbow and shoulder. Common causes are bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Symptoms include fever, pain and reluctance to move the joint. Diagnosis involves blood tests, joint aspiration and imaging. Treatment requires antibiotics, joint drainage if needed, and several weeks of immobilization. Complications can include joint destruction and osteomyelitis if not treated promptly.
Presentation on osteomyelitis for physiotherapy students
It includes the explanation along with the treatment for osteomyelitis which may be benefitial for the physiotherapy students
Thank You for watching
Bone infections in children can cause permanent damage if not treated promptly. Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bone and joint infections in children. Symptoms may be subtle at first but can include fever and localized bone tenderness. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays, and bone aspiration for culture. Treatment involves antibiotics for several weeks and sometimes surgery to drain abscesses. Proper treatment aims to minimize long-term effects on bone growth and function.
Septicarthritis is an inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause in adults. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling, warmth and limited range of motion in the infected joint. Diagnosis involves joint fluid analysis showing purulent material and inflammatory markers. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pus, and sometimes surgery. Without rapid treatment, joint destruction and long-term disability can occur.
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an inflammation of bone caused by an infecting organism. It begins by providing the etymology and definition of osteomyelitis. It then discusses various classifications of osteomyelitis including acute vs chronic duration, and classifications based on mechanism (hematogenous, contiguous) and host response (pyogenic, non-pyogenic). The document provides details on the presentation, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis as well as chronic osteomyelitis. It also briefly discusses other types such as Brodie's abscess and tuberculous osteomyelitis.
This document discusses septic arthritis of the knee. It begins with an introduction and overview of pathogenesis. Septic arthritis is caused by bacterial infection of the synovial membrane, usually by Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical features include pain, swelling and limited movement of the infected joint. Investigations may include blood tests, synovial fluid analysis, x-rays and ultrasound. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery drainage and splinting the joint to promote healing. Complications can include bone and cartilage destruction, joint dislocation, growth disturbances or secondary osteoarthritis.
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is the most common type of bone infection seen in children. It typically involves the metaphysis of long bones. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism. Symptoms include fever and local swelling and tenderness. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays and MRI, and abscess aspiration if present. Treatment consists of IV antibiotics with surgical drainage if abscess is identified, along with supportive care and monitoring for complications like pathological fractures or chronic osteomyelitis.
The document discusses osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. It begins by defining osteomyelitis as a condition where pathogens multiply in body tissues, causing inflammation. Signs include pain, redness, swelling, heat and loss of function. Causative organisms typically spread through direct introduction, contact, or bloodstream transmission. Treatment involves supportive care, rest, antibiotics, surgery to remove dead tissues, and bone stabilization if fractured. Complications can include joint damage, fractures, and chronic osteomyelitis if not properly treated.
Acute osteomyelitis - A short Review
Acute osteomyelitis is the clinical term for a new infection in bone. This infection occurs predominantly in children and is often seeded hematogenously. In adults, osteomyelitis is usually a subacute or chronic infection that develops secondary to an open injury to bone and surrounding soft tissue
1. The document discusses bone infections (osteomyelitis), including epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. It provides details on the different types of bone infections like acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis.
2. Key points include that Staph aureus is the most common cause in all ages except neonates. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays, CT, MRI and bone scans. Treatment involves IV antibiotics for 4-6 weeks and sometimes surgical debridement.
3. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by infected dead bone within compromised soft tissue. Treatment requires extensive surgical debridement and long-term antibiotics.
1. Hematogenous osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of the bone that most commonly affects the metaphysis of long bones in children. Staphylococcus aureus is the primary cause in 70-90% of cases.
2. Infection typically begins in the vascular metaphyseal region of bones and can spread to the joint space in young children. Symptoms include fever, bone pain, and local swelling. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and bone aspiration to confirm bacteria.
3. Treatment involves IV antibiotics targeting S. aureus for 2-4 weeks, followed by oral antibiotics if the child improves. Surgery to drain abscesses may be needed
Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that is commonly caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. It can be classified based on duration of symptoms, mechanism of infection such as hematogenous or contiguous spread, or type of host response. Common symptoms in children include swelling, tenderness, and irritability on movement. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging like MRI or bone scan, and tests like bloodwork. Treatment involves antibiotics to treat the infection as well as possible surgical debridement or bone grafting. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing infection recurrence, and educating on treatment compliance.
Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis is mainly a disease of children that results from bacteria entering the bloodstream and infecting bone tissue, most commonly in the metaphysis of long bones. Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like MRI, and bone aspiration. Treatment requires intravenous antibiotics targeting the likely pathogens, with coverage for S. aureus as well as occasionally gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic therapy aims to eliminate the infection while preserving bone stock and function.
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by bacterial infection. It can be acute (<2 weeks), subacute (2-6 weeks), or chronic (>6 weeks) depending on duration and symptoms. Common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and other staph species. In children, S. aureus and group B streptococcus are frequent causes. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by necrotic bone (sequestrum) surrounded by inflammatory tissue (involucrum). Symptoms include pain, swelling, and draining sinuses. The metaphysis of long bones is a common site due to its vascular anatomy.
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by a bacterial infection. It can be classified based on duration of symptoms (acute, subacute, chronic), mechanism of infection (hematogenous, contiguous), or host response. Common causative organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative rods. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays, CT, MRI and bone scans, and bone biopsy. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgical debridement of infected bone, and management of any dead space to prevent ongoing infection.
The document discusses different types of bone and joint infections including acute pyogenic osteomyelitis, subacute osteomyelitis, chronic osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. It covers the classification, causative organisms, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and complications of each type of infection.
Infection of bone and joints can occur through direct introduction via injury, direct spread from nearby infection, or indirect hematogenous spread from a distant site. Acute osteomyelitis presents with fever, pain, swelling, and inability to use the infected limb. Diagnosis is confirmed through aspiration of pus from the bone or surrounding soft tissues, which is positive in over 60% of cases. X-rays may not show changes for 10-21 days as at least 30-50% bone loss is needed to appear abnormal on imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgical debridement if needed, and management of any complications.
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an infection of bone. It describes the classification systems of Waldvogel and Cierny-Mader, which categorize osteomyelitis based on duration, pathogenesis, anatomical involvement, and host physiology. Common types include hematogenous osteomyelitis from bacteremia and contiguous osteomyelitis from a nearby soft tissue infection. Diagnosis involves imaging, labs, and bone biopsy for culture and pathology. Staphylococcus aureus is a frequent pathogen.
This document discusses septic arthritis, which is a joint inflammation caused by an infection. It most commonly affects children under 5 and joints like the knee, hip, elbow and shoulder. Common causes are bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Symptoms include fever, pain and reluctance to move the joint. Diagnosis involves blood tests, joint aspiration and imaging. Treatment requires antibiotics, joint drainage if needed, and several weeks of immobilization. Complications can include joint destruction if left untreated. It also describes Tom Smith arthritis, a type of septic arthritis of the hip that destroys the femoral head in infants.
This document discusses septic arthritis, which is a joint inflammation caused by infection. It most commonly affects children under 5 and joints like the knee, hip, elbow and shoulder. Common causes are bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus. Symptoms include fever, pain and reluctance to move the joint. Diagnosis involves blood tests, joint aspiration and imaging. Treatment requires antibiotics, joint drainage if needed, and several weeks of immobilization. Complications can include joint destruction and osteomyelitis if not treated promptly.
Presentation on osteomyelitis for physiotherapy students
It includes the explanation along with the treatment for osteomyelitis which may be benefitial for the physiotherapy students
Thank You for watching
Bone infections in children can cause permanent damage if not treated promptly. Staphylococcus aureus is a common cause of bone and joint infections in children. Symptoms may be subtle at first but can include fever and localized bone tenderness. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays, and bone aspiration for culture. Treatment involves antibiotics for several weeks and sometimes surgery to drain abscesses. Proper treatment aims to minimize long-term effects on bone growth and function.
Septicarthritis is an inflammation of the synovial membrane of a joint caused by bacterial, viral, or fungal infection. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common cause in adults. Symptoms include severe pain, swelling, warmth and limited range of motion in the infected joint. Diagnosis involves joint fluid analysis showing purulent material and inflammatory markers. Treatment requires antibiotics, drainage of pus, and sometimes surgery. Without rapid treatment, joint destruction and long-term disability can occur.
This document discusses osteomyelitis, an inflammation of bone caused by an infecting organism. It begins by providing the etymology and definition of osteomyelitis. It then discusses various classifications of osteomyelitis including acute vs chronic duration, and classifications based on mechanism (hematogenous, contiguous) and host response (pyogenic, non-pyogenic). The document provides details on the presentation, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, and treatment of acute hematogenous osteomyelitis as well as chronic osteomyelitis. It also briefly discusses other types such as Brodie's abscess and tuberculous osteomyelitis.
This document discusses septic arthritis of the knee. It begins with an introduction and overview of pathogenesis. Septic arthritis is caused by bacterial infection of the synovial membrane, usually by Staphylococcus aureus. Clinical features include pain, swelling and limited movement of the infected joint. Investigations may include blood tests, synovial fluid analysis, x-rays and ultrasound. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgery drainage and splinting the joint to promote healing. Complications can include bone and cartilage destruction, joint dislocation, growth disturbances or secondary osteoarthritis.
Acute hematogenous osteomyelitis is the most common type of bone infection seen in children. It typically involves the metaphysis of long bones. Staphylococcus aureus is the most common causative organism. Symptoms include fever and local swelling and tenderness. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays and MRI, and abscess aspiration if present. Treatment consists of IV antibiotics with surgical drainage if abscess is identified, along with supportive care and monitoring for complications like pathological fractures or chronic osteomyelitis.
The document discusses osteomyelitis and septic arthritis. It begins by defining osteomyelitis as a condition where pathogens multiply in body tissues, causing inflammation. Signs include pain, redness, swelling, heat and loss of function. Causative organisms typically spread through direct introduction, contact, or bloodstream transmission. Treatment involves supportive care, rest, antibiotics, surgery to remove dead tissues, and bone stabilization if fractured. Complications can include joint damage, fractures, and chronic osteomyelitis if not properly treated.
Acute osteomyelitis - A short Review
Acute osteomyelitis is the clinical term for a new infection in bone. This infection occurs predominantly in children and is often seeded hematogenously. In adults, osteomyelitis is usually a subacute or chronic infection that develops secondary to an open injury to bone and surrounding soft tissue
1. The document discusses bone infections (osteomyelitis), including epidemiology, clinical features, diagnosis, and management. It provides details on the different types of bone infections like acute hematogenous osteomyelitis and chronic osteomyelitis.
2. Key points include that Staph aureus is the most common cause in all ages except neonates. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays, CT, MRI and bone scans. Treatment involves IV antibiotics for 4-6 weeks and sometimes surgical debridement.
3. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by infected dead bone within compromised soft tissue. Treatment requires extensive surgical debridement and long-term antibiotics.
1. Hematogenous osteomyelitis is a bacterial infection of the bone that most commonly affects the metaphysis of long bones in children. Staphylococcus aureus is the primary cause in 70-90% of cases.
2. Infection typically begins in the vascular metaphyseal region of bones and can spread to the joint space in young children. Symptoms include fever, bone pain, and local swelling. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging, and bone aspiration to confirm bacteria.
3. Treatment involves IV antibiotics targeting S. aureus for 2-4 weeks, followed by oral antibiotics if the child improves. Surgery to drain abscesses may be needed
Osteomyelitis is an infection of bone tissue that is commonly caused by bacteria such as Staphylococcus aureus. It can be classified based on duration of symptoms, mechanism of infection such as hematogenous or contiguous spread, or type of host response. Common symptoms in children include swelling, tenderness, and irritability on movement. Diagnosis involves physical exam, imaging like MRI or bone scan, and tests like bloodwork. Treatment involves antibiotics to treat the infection as well as possible surgical debridement or bone grafting. Nursing care focuses on pain management, preventing infection recurrence, and educating on treatment compliance.
Acute haematogenous osteomyelitis is mainly a disease of children that results from bacteria entering the bloodstream and infecting bone tissue, most commonly in the metaphysis of long bones. Staphylococcus aureus is the leading cause. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like MRI, and bone aspiration. Treatment requires intravenous antibiotics targeting the likely pathogens, with coverage for S. aureus as well as occasionally gram-negative bacteria. Antibiotic therapy aims to eliminate the infection while preserving bone stock and function.
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by bacterial infection. It can be acute (<2 weeks), subacute (2-6 weeks), or chronic (>6 weeks) depending on duration and symptoms. Common causative organisms are Staphylococcus aureus and other staph species. In children, S. aureus and group B streptococcus are frequent causes. Chronic osteomyelitis is characterized by necrotic bone (sequestrum) surrounded by inflammatory tissue (involucrum). Symptoms include pain, swelling, and draining sinuses. The metaphysis of long bones is a common site due to its vascular anatomy.
Osteomyelitis is an inflammation of bone caused by a bacterial infection. It can be classified based on duration of symptoms (acute, subacute, chronic), mechanism of infection (hematogenous, contiguous), or host response. Common causative organisms include Staphylococcus aureus and gram-negative rods. Diagnosis involves blood tests, imaging like x-rays, CT, MRI and bone scans, and bone biopsy. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgical debridement of infected bone, and management of any dead space to prevent ongoing infection.
The document discusses different types of bone and joint infections including acute pyogenic osteomyelitis, subacute osteomyelitis, chronic osteomyelitis, and septic arthritis. It covers the classification, causative organisms, clinical presentation, investigations, treatment, and complications of each type of infection.
Infection of bone and joints can occur through direct introduction via injury, direct spread from nearby infection, or indirect hematogenous spread from a distant site. Acute osteomyelitis presents with fever, pain, swelling, and inability to use the infected limb. Diagnosis is confirmed through aspiration of pus from the bone or surrounding soft tissues, which is positive in over 60% of cases. X-rays may not show changes for 10-21 days as at least 30-50% bone loss is needed to appear abnormal on imaging. Treatment involves antibiotics, surgical debridement if needed, and management of any complications.
Implementing ELDs or Electronic Logging Devices is slowly but surely becoming the norm in fleet management. Why? Well, integrating ELDs and associated connected vehicle solutions like fleet tracking devices lets businesses and their in-house fleet managers reap several benefits. Check out the post below to learn more.
What Could Be Behind Your Mercedes Sprinter's Power Loss on Uphill RoadsSprinter Gurus
Unlock the secrets behind your Mercedes Sprinter's uphill power loss with our comprehensive presentation. From fuel filter blockages to turbocharger troubles, we uncover the culprits and empower you to reclaim your vehicle's peak performance. Conquer every ascent with confidence and ensure a thrilling journey every time.
Understanding Catalytic Converter Theft:
What is a Catalytic Converter?: Learn about the function of catalytic converters in vehicles and why they are targeted by thieves.
Why are They Stolen?: Discover the valuable metals inside catalytic converters (such as platinum, palladium, and rhodium) that make them attractive to criminals.
Steps to Prevent Catalytic Converter Theft:
Parking Strategies: Tips on where and how to park your vehicle to reduce the risk of theft, such as parking in well-lit areas or secure garages.
Protective Devices: Overview of various anti-theft devices available, including catalytic converter locks, shields, and alarms.
Etching and Marking: The benefits of etching your vehicle’s VIN on the catalytic converter or using a catalytic converter marking kit to make it traceable and less appealing to thieves.
Surveillance and Monitoring: Recommendations for using security cameras and motion-sensor lights to deter thieves.
Statistics and Insights:
Theft Rates by Borough: Analysis of data to determine which borough in NYC experiences the highest rate of catalytic converter thefts.
Recent Trends: Current trends and patterns in catalytic converter thefts to help you stay aware of emerging hotspots and tactics used by thieves.
Benefits of This Presentation:
Awareness: Increase your awareness about catalytic converter theft and its impact on vehicle owners.
Practical Tips: Gain actionable insights and tips to effectively prevent catalytic converter theft.
Local Insights: Understand the specific risks in different NYC boroughs, helping you take targeted preventive measures.
This presentation aims to equip you with the knowledge and tools needed to protect your vehicle from catalytic converter theft, ensuring you are prepared and proactive in safeguarding your property.
Welcome to ASP Cranes, your trusted partner for crane solutions in Raipur, Chhattisgarh! With years of experience and a commitment to excellence, we offer a comprehensive range of crane services tailored to meet your lifting and material handling needs.
At ASP Cranes, we understand the importance of reliable and efficient crane operations in various industries, from construction and manufacturing to logistics and infrastructure development. That's why we strive to deliver top-notch solutions that enhance productivity, safety, and cost-effectiveness for our clients.
Our services include:
Crane Rental: Whether you need a crawler crane for heavy lifting or a hydraulic crane for versatile operations, we have a diverse fleet of well-maintained cranes available for rent. Our rental options are flexible and can be customized to suit your project requirements.
Crane Sales: Looking to invest in a crane for your business? We offer a wide selection of new and used cranes from leading manufacturers, ensuring you find the perfect equipment to match your needs and budget.
Crane Maintenance and Repair: To ensure optimal performance and safety, regular maintenance and timely repairs are essential for cranes. Our team of skilled technicians provides comprehensive maintenance and repair services to keep your equipment running smoothly and minimize downtime.
Crane Operator Training: Proper training is crucial for safe and efficient crane operation. We offer specialized training programs conducted by certified instructors to equip operators with the skills and knowledge they need to handle cranes effectively.
Custom Solutions: We understand that every project is unique, which is why we offer custom crane solutions tailored to your specific requirements. Whether you need modifications, attachments, or specialized equipment, we can design and implement solutions that meet your needs.
At ASP Cranes, customer satisfaction is our top priority. We are dedicated to delivering reliable, cost-effective, and innovative crane solutions that exceed expectations. Contact us today to learn more about our services and how we can support your project in Raipur, Chhattisgarh, and beyond. Let ASP Cranes be your trusted partner for all your crane needs!
Expanding Access to Affordable At-Home EV Charging by Vanessa WarheitForth
Vanessa Warheit, Co-Founder of EV Charging for All, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
EV Charging at MFH Properties by Whitaker JamiesonForth
Whitaker Jamieson, Senior Specialist at Forth, gave this presentation at the Forth Addressing The Challenges of Charging at Multi-Family Housing webinar on June 11, 2024.
Ever been troubled by the blinking sign and didn’t know what to do?
Here’s a handy guide to dashboard symbols so that you’ll never be confused again!
Save them for later and save the trouble!
2. INTRODUCTION
Infection of bone and bone marrow
Can progress to osteonecrosis, bone destruction and septic arthritis
Bimodal age distribution:
Children under 5 years old
Adults over 50 years of age
Risk factors:
Recent trauma or surgery
Immunocompromised patients
Illicit IV drug use
Poor vascular supply
Systemic conditions such as diabetes and sickle cells
Peripheral neuropathy
3. CLASSIFICATION
I. Acute
within 2 weeks
II. Subacute
2 – 6 weeks
III. Chronic
after 6 weeks
Incidence of infection increases with increase in grade of open fracture:
Type I – II : 2%
Type III : 10 – 50%
based on duration, mechanism, and host response
DURAT I ON
4. CLASSIFICATION
I. Hematogenous
Originated or transported by blood
Etiology of 20% of osteomyelitis
Vertebrae most common site; and metaphysis of long bone
S. aureus is most common organism
II. Contiguous factor
Associated with previous surgery, trauma, wounds or poor vascularity
Can be bacterial (most common), mycobacterial or fungal in nature
III. Direct inoculation
Penetrating injuries
Surgical contamination
based on duration, mechanism, and host response
MECHANI SM
5. CLASSIFICATION
based on duration, mechanism, and host response
HOST RESPONSE
SY S T E M I C LO C A L
Malnutrition Vascular compromise
Renal failure, hepatic failure Chronic lymphodema
Diabetes Extensive scarring
Autoimmune disease Radiation fibrosis
Malignancy Neuropathy
Extreme age
Immunosuppression drugs
Immunodeficiency
Smoking
6. CIERNY-MADER STAGING
Medullary OM
Infection confined to medullary cavity
Superficial OM
Contiguous type of infection. Confined to surface of bone
Localized OM
Full-thickness cortical sequestration which can easily be
removed surgically
Diffuse OM
Loss of bone stability, even after surgical debridement
A N AT O M I C P H Y S I O L O G I C
Stage I: Medullary A. Host, good systemic defense and local vascularity
Stage II: Superficial B. Host, good systemic and local compromise
Stage III: Localized C. Host, non-candidate for surgery with treatment
more problematic than disease process
Stage IV: Diffuse
7. ORGANISM
OST EOMYEL I T I S ORGANI SM TAB L E
A G E G R O U P M O S T C O M M O N O R G A N I S M S
Newborns
(younger than 4 mo)
S. Aureus
Enterobacter species
Group A & B streptococcus species
Children
(aged 4 mo to 4 y)
S. Aureus
Group A streptococcus species
Kingella kingae
Enterobacter species
Children, adolescents
(aged 4 y to adult)
S. Aureus (80%)
Group A streptococcus species
H. Influenzae
Enterobacter species
Adult S. Aureus
Occasionally Enterobacter or
Streptococcus species
Sickle Cell Anemia Patients S. Aureus is typically most common
But Salmonella species is pathognomonic
8. ACUTE
OSTEOMYELITIS
Mainly a disease of children
Occurs after an episode of bacteremia
Trauma may determine the site of infection
Possibly by causing small haematoma of fluid
collection in the bone
Most common organism in both children and adult
is Staphyloccocus aureus (70%)
9. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Affects metaphyseal region of
long bones; femur (27%), tibia
(22%), fibula (5%) more than
upper extremity
Bacteremia is the common
event in childhood,
consequence of other infections
such as otitis media, pharyngitis
and sinusitis
Its presumed that bacteria gain
access to metaphyseal location
via nutrient arteries.
10. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
Staphylococcus aureus:
Surface antigen plays key role
in bacterial adherence to type
1 collagen and endotoxins
that suppress local immune
response
Glycocalyx: may form around
bacteria and enhance
adherence to other bacteria
and metallic implants
11. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CAUSES OF METAPHYSEAL OST EOMYL I T I S
Hair pin bend vessels
Increased vascularity causes pooling of
blood also called as “lake of blood”
Immature cells in metaphysis due to
high cell turnover
Relative lack of phagocytosis
Presence of degenerative cartilage cells
End arteries in metaphysis
Prone for trauma
Single endothelial lining in metaphyseal
arteries
12. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CASCADE OF EV ENTS
Infective embolus enters nutrient artery trapped in vessels of small caliber
Blocks vessels, area of bone become necrotic
Active hyperemia in vicinity with infiltration of PMN cells which is poured as
exudate
Increased intraosseous pressure due to exudate and debris (intense pain)
13. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
CASCADE OF EV ENTS
Vessels compressed, further necrosis occurs
Exudate follow path of least resistance
Gets accumulated in sub-periosteal spaces to form abscess and damage the blood
supply
If perforates, can spread to soft tissue
14. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
SECOND ROUT E OF SPREAD OF I NF EC T I ON
Exudate into medullary cavity destroying marrow elements, blood supply
In advanced stages cortex may be surrounded by pus, depriving blood
supply
Diaphyseal sequestration
T HI RD ROUT E OF SPREAD OF I NF EC T I ON
Through the physis into joints
16. CLINICAL FEATURE
infant, children and adult
I NFANT
Failure to thrive
Metaphyseal tenderness, restricted joint movement
CHI L DREN
Fever (high grade)
Child refuse to use limb (pseudoparalysis)
Local redness, swelling, warmth, odema
17. CLINICAL FEATURE
infant, children and adult
ADULT
Commonest site is thoracolumbar spine
History of urological procedure
Followed by mild fever and backache
Local tenderness
18. PHYSICAL EXAMINATION
Ill looking
Increase temperature and pulse
Limb is held still
Local redness, swelling and warmth
Tenderness at near one of the larger joint
Restricted joint movement – pseudoparalysis
Edema
Lymphadenopathy
19. INVESTIGATIONS
A physical examination may shows bone tenderness and possibly swelling and redness
Tests may include:
Blood cultures
Bone biopsy
Bone scan
Bone x-ray
Full blood count
C-reactive protein (CRP)
Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR)
MRI of the bone
Needle aspiration of the area around affected bone
20. INVESTIGATION
B LOOD & F LUI D
Leukocytosis
Elevated CRP & ESR
Anti-staphylococcal antibody titre may be elevated
Positive fluid or tissue aspiration
Blood culture at the peak of fever may yield the causative organism
X-RAY
Earliest abnormality detected after first week of the onset of symptom
Extra cortical outline (periosteal new bone formation at metaphysis)
21. INVESTIGATION
ULT RASONOGRAPHY
May detect a sub-periosteal
collection of fluid in the early stages
But it cannot distinguish between
hematoma or pus
B ONE SCAN (RADI ONUCL I DE
SCANNI NG)
Technetium – 99
Increased activity in both perfusion and bone phase
Highly sensitive investigation even in the very early stages
22. INVESTIGATION
MAGNET I C RESONANCE I MAGI NG (MRI )
Helpful in cases of doubtful diagnosis
Best method of demonstrating bone marrow inflammation
24. TREATMENT
I. Supportive treatment for pain and dehydration
Analgesic
IV fluid
II. Splintage for comfort and prevent joint contracture
III. Antibiotic therapy
Bactericidal drugs are important to:
a. Stop the spread of infection to healthy bone
b. Control acute flares
Oral therapy followed by IV route for 10 – 14 days
Antibiotics used in treating OM :
a. Amoxicillin
b. Ciprofloxacin plus clindamycin
c. Levofloxacin plus clindamycin
Antibiotics is continued for another 6 weeks (min) but usually more than 6 months
25. TREATMENT
IV. Surgical drainage
If antibiotics are given early (within first 48 hours) it is often unnecessary
But if clinical features do not improve within 36 hours of starting treatment, or even
earlier and there is sign of deep pus, drainage is required
Debridement of infected tissues
WHEN ANTIBIOTICS CAN BE STOPPED?
CLINICALLY : Signs of healing, reduction of pain, no fever, can walk, no
discharging sinus
INFLAMMATORY PARAMETERS : normalizes
SERIAL X-RAY : bone healing, no new OM changes
27. DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS
I. Rheumatic fever
Gradual, poly-joint swelling
II. Ewing’s sarcoma
Radiological signs
III. Acute suppurative arthritis
Muscle spasm more marked, limited movements, effusions
IV. Cellulitis
No intense pain
V. Erysipelas
Raised red margin
28. COMPLICATIONS
I. Epiphyseal damage and altered bone growth
II. Suppurative arthritis
III. Metastatic infection
IV. Pathological fracture
V. Chronic osteomyelitis