Paget's disease is a condition where there is excessive and disorganized bone remodeling, leading to thickened and deformed bones. It was first described in 1877 and typically involves the pelvis, femur, skull and spine. The cause is unknown but genetic and viral factors may play a role. It progresses through lytic, mixed, and sclerotic phases with abnormal osteoclast and osteoblast activity. Complications include fractures, arthritis, and neurological or vascular issues. Diagnosis involves elevated alkaline phosphatase and imaging showing thickened bones. Treatment focuses on suppressing active disease with bisphosphonates or calcitonin to reduce pain, deformity, and complications.
Paget’s disease of bone is a condition characterized by abnormal and anarchic resorption and deposition of bone, resulting in distortion and weakening of the affected bones
Paget’s disease of bone is a condition characterized by abnormal and anarchic resorption and deposition of bone, resulting in distortion and weakening of the affected bones
Colles fracture is the fracture at the distal end of radius, at its
cortico cancellous junction(about 2cm from the distal articular
surface).
It is not just the fracture of distal radius but the fracture
dislocation of the inferior radio-ulnar joint.
Presentation on osteomyelitis for physiotherapy students
It includes the explanation along with the treatment for osteomyelitis which may be benefitial for the physiotherapy students
Thank You for watching
Colles fracture is the fracture at the distal end of radius, at its
cortico cancellous junction(about 2cm from the distal articular
surface).
It is not just the fracture of distal radius but the fracture
dislocation of the inferior radio-ulnar joint.
Presentation on osteomyelitis for physiotherapy students
It includes the explanation along with the treatment for osteomyelitis which may be benefitial for the physiotherapy students
Thank You for watching
Explore natural remedies for syphilis treatment in Singapore. Discover alternative therapies, herbal remedies, and lifestyle changes that may complement conventional treatments. Learn about holistic approaches to managing syphilis symptoms and supporting overall health.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
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2. INTRODUCTION
The condition was initially described by Dr. James Paget in 1877
Also called as Osteitis Deformans
Partial or complete involvement of a single or multiple bones by
exaggerated rates of resorptive and osteogenic activity leading to bony
thickening and deformity.
Schmorl believed that approximately 3% of everyone above 40 years had
osteitis deformans
3. INTRODUCTION (Cont)
It has a predilection for the axial skeleton
Pelvis>tibia > Femur > Skull>spine >clavicle
But any bone may be affected
Paget disease is common in Europe, North America
It is rare in Asia and Africa
4. ETIOLOGY
UNKNOWN
Occasionally hereditary influence is noted on chromosome 18q
On electron microscopy of bone biopsies has demonstrated nuclear
inclusions,
similar to those found in viral diseases (Paramyxoviridae family) are found
in the highly nucleated osteoclasts
Endocrine and metabolic disturbances are unlikely because despite
extensive involvement , many bones are free of disease
5. PATHOPHYSIOLOGY
3 Phases:
i) Lytic
ii) mixed Lytic and Blastic
iii) Sclerotic
Different skeletal lesions may progress at different rates.
At a given time, multiple stages of disease may be demonstrated in
different skeletal regions of same patient
6. LYTIC PHASE
Disease begins with lytic phase
The bone is resorbed by osteoclasts that are more numerous, larger, and
have more nuclei (upto 100)
Bone turnover rate increased as much as 20times normal
7. Mixed Lytic and Blastic phase
Rapid increase in bone formation from numerous osteoblasts
Morphologically osteoblasts are normal
The newly formed bone is abnormal with collagen fibers deposited in
haphazard fashion rather than linear
As osteoclastic and osteoblastic activity repeats, high degree of bone turn
over occurs
8. Sclerotic Phase
The bone formation dominates and has a disorganized woven pattern and
is weaker than normal bone
Woven pattern allows the bone marrow to be infiltrated by excessive
fibrous connective tissue and blood vessels leading to hyper vascular bone
state
Eventually osteoblastic activity also declines and enters a sclerotic or
burned-out phase
Continued bone resorption is minimal or absent
19. Blade of Grass or Candle flame sign:
begins as a subchondral area of lucency with advancing
tip of V-shaped osteolysis, extending towards the
diaphysis
23. TREATMENT
Inactive lesions doesn’t require any intervention
Goals of treatment:
Suppression of Active disease
Relief of Pain
Prevention of Deformity and fractures
High output cardiac dysfunction
Reducing the Sarcomatous transformation
24. Suppressive Agents
BISPHOSPHONATES
2nd generation bisphosphonates like Tiludronate, Alendronate, risendronate
produces longer remission at lower doses.
Pamidronate – 30mg IV/day over 3hours for 3days
Zolidronic Acid- 5mg IV over 5 mins
First choice where rapid mineralization is required
in neurological symptoms, severe bone pain, risk of fracture
prior to elective surgery
Vitamin D and calcium supplements
It normalizes the ALP in 6 months
Bisphosphonates should not be used in patients with renal impairment
25. Calcitonin
Dosage – 100 IU / day SC/IM for 6-18 months
reduced to 50 IU / day x 3/week
Calcitonin therapy can temporarily arrest active disease
ALP, urine Hydroxyproline is reduced
Positive Calcium balance
High output heart failure is improved
Bone pain relieved
Surgical treatment is reserved for fractures, correction of bone deformity,
THR, Spinal surgery
Preoperatively and postoperatively calcitonin therapy gives good results and
reduces bleeding