4. Cross
media
convergence
and
synergy
exis6ng
between
my
trailer,
magazine
and
poster
I
successfully
used
a
combina6on
of
two
mediums
between
my
trailer,
magazine
and
poster
to
a
certain
extent.
Cross
media
convergence
is
used
between
the
film
and
magazine
industry
in
an
effec6ve
way,
as
the
magazine
front
cover
is
promo6ng
my
film.
Using
magazines
to
market
my
film
is
a
good
way
because
the
target
audiences
are
likely
to
buy
and
read
magazines.
The
synergy
exis6ng
between
my
trailer,
magazine
and
poster
are:
character,
colour
scheme
and
language.
5. Character
• The
same
character
has
been
used
through
the
trailer,
poster
and
magazine,
which
is
the
killer.
The
killer
has
blood
on
her
face
in
the
poster
and
magazine
and
in
a
part
of
the
trailer,
the
killer
has
blood
on
her
face.
This
clearly
shows
a
link
between
the
poster,
magazine
and
trailer.
Character
in
the
poster
Character
in
the
magazine
A
shot
from
the
trailer
6. Language
• The
language
throughout
the
poster,
trailer
and
magazine
are
all
the
same.
In
the
poster,
the
text
is
the
tagline,
which
is
also
included
in
the
magazine
and
trailer.
The
other
6tles
in
the
trailer
are
also
present
in
the
magazine,
which
is
shown
below.
Tagline
in
the
poster
Text
in
the
magazine
Text
In
the
trailer
7. Color scheme
• The
color
scheme
of
red,
white
and
black
is
applied
to
the
poster
and
magazine
more
than
the
trailer.
The
6tles
in
the
trailer
are
black
an
white
and
in
the
6tle
of
the
film,
it
is
red,
white
and
black.
In
the
poster
and
magazine,
the
colors
are
more
eye
catching.
Title
in
the
trailer
8. How
effec6ve
have
I
been
in
showing
a
link
between
the
magazine,
poster
and
trailer
The
link
between
the
three
texts,
including
trailer,
poster
and
magazine
are
effec6ve
to
a
certain
extent,
as
there
are
limita6ons
and
strengths
to
the
extent.
9. The
tagline
has
been
effec6ve
as
it
is
present
in
the
trailer,
magazine
and
poster,
even
though
it
may
not
be
as
obvious
in
the
magazine
and
trailer
than
it
is
in
the
poster.
The
tagline
in
the
poster
is
at
the
top
and
is
in
a
different
colour.
This
is
effec6ve
because
the
audience
can
clearly
iden6fy
the
tagline
and
it
will
help
them
remember
it.
The
tagline
is
important
because
it
helps
the
audience
understand
the
phrase
that
sums
up
the
story
of
the
film.
The
tagline
of
the
magazine
is
not
clear
so
the
audience
would
struggle
to
iden6fy
the
tagline
and
this
is
a
limita6on.
An
improvement
can
be
to
change
the
colour
and
the
font
so
it
is
the
same
as
the
tagline
in
the
poster.
This
would
be
beGer
in
order
to
link
the
magazine
with
the
poster
and
trailer.
The
tagline
in
the
trailer
is
also
not
clear
but
would
be
difficult
because
there
are
other
important
texts.
In
other
trailers,
all
of
the
texts
are
in
the
same
form.
How
effec6ve
have
I
been
in
showing
a
link
between
the
magazine,
poster
and
trailer?
TAGLINE
Tagline
in
the
poster
Text
in
the
magazine
10. The
poster
and
magazine
has
the
same
character
as
the
main
image
and
in
the
trailer
the
killer
is
shown
the
most.
This
helps
create
a
link
between
them
because
they
all
have
the
main
character
as
the
main
feature.
In
the
poster
and
magazine
image,
the
killer
has
blood
on
her
face
and
there
is
an
effect
being
used
and
this
creates
a
tense
atmosphere.
In
the
trailer,
there
are
a
couple
scene
where
the
killer
has
blood
on
her
face
and
this
shows
there
is
a
connec6on
between
the
film
poster
and
the
trailer.
Another
connec6on
is
the
fact
that
the
killer
in
the
trailer
always
wears
black
and
has
her
hair
in
front
of
her.
In
the
film
poster
and
magazine,
the
killer
wears
a
black
top
and
her
hair
covers
some
of
her
face.
How
effec6ve
have
I
been
in
showing
a
link
between
the
magazine,
poster
and
trailer?
STOCK
CHARACTERS
Character
in
the
poster
Character
in
the
magazine
A
shot
from
the
trailer
11. In
the
trailer
the
character’s
shown
are:
the
killer,
the
killer’s
daughter,
the
daughter’s
friends
when
they
were
young
and
when
they
have
grown
to
a
teenager.
In
the
poster
there
is
no
men6on
of
the
other
stock
characters,
but
in
the
magazine
the
killer’s
daughter
is
hinted
by
the
text
“when
a
mother’s
love
goes
too
far,
who
will
bare
the
pain”
and
this
suggests
there
is
a
daughter
and
mother
rela6onship
that
is
shown
in
the
trailer
when
the
mother
thinks
of
the
good
and
bad
moments.
One
of
the
bad
moments
of
their
rela6onship
is
established
in
the
trailer
by
the
use
of
shou6ng
at
each
other.
The
argument
demonstrates
that
the
mother
is
being
over
protec6ve
and
loves
her
daughter
a
lot,
which
links
with
the
text
as
they
both
show
how
much
the
mother
loves
her
daughter.
How
effec6ve
have
I
been
in
showing
a
link
between
the
magazine,
poster
and
trailer?
STOCK
CHARACTERS
Character
in
the
poster
Character
in
the
magazine
A
shot
from
the
trailer
12. The
narra6ve
is
shown
through
the
trailer,
magazine
and
poster.
TRAILER
The
narra6ve
in
the
trailer
is
shown
through
the
use
of
texts,
sounds
and
various
shots.
The
text
in
the
trailer
plays
a
role
in
understanding
the
narra6ve
because
it
helps
unfold
the
story
by
hin6ng
what
will
happen,
such
as
the
text
‘it
can
kill’
implies
that
there
would
be
killings
involved
in
the
story.
The
use
of
sound
takes
part
in
the
narra6ve
as
sounds
have
meaning,
for
instance
in
my
trailer
there
are
screaming
sounds
that
suggests
anger
and
pain.
This
links
with
the
text
of
‘6me
passes
but
pain
doesn’t’,
as
the
screaming
sound
implies
the
killers
pain
did
not
go
away.
The
sudden
sound
we
hear
when
the
audience
sees
the
killer
in
the
same
shot
as
the
vic6ms
plays
a
role
in
the
narra6ve,
as
it
implies
something
dangerous
would
occur.
This
helps
the
narra6ve
unfold
because
the
story
of
the
trailer
is
about
dangerous
behaviour.
The
shots
of
the
killings
help
unfold
the
story
because
it
suggests
that
there
would
be
killings
happening.
This
part
of
the
narra6ve
helps
the
audience
realise
that
the
film
is
a
slasher
horror.
The
audiences
link
the
texts,
sounds
and
shots
together
to
help
them
unfold
the
story.
How
effec6ve
have
I
been
in
showing
a
link
between
the
magazine,
poster
and
trailer?
NARRATIVE
13. The
narra6ve
is
shown
through
the
trailer,
magazine
and
poster.
MAGAZINE
In
the
magazine
the
image,
texts
and
colours
helps
the
story
unfold.
The
text,
such
as
‘when
a
mothers
love
goes
too
far
who
will
bare
the
pain?’,
implies
that
the
film
is
about
a
mother’s
love
and
how
she
is
overprotec6ve.
This
therefore
makes
the
audience
think
about
the
narra6ve.
The
image
is
similar
to
the
poster’s
image
so
has
the
same
narra6ve
hint,
including
the
facial
expression
and
blood.
The
main
colour
used
is
black,
which
connotes
danger.
By
this,
the
audience
would
know
that
the
film
is
horror.
How
effec6ve
have
I
been
in
showing
a
link
between
the
magazine,
poster
and
trailer?
NARRATIVE
14. The
narra6ve
is
shown
through
the
trailer,
magazine
and
poster.
POSTER
In
the
poster
the
use
of
colours,
image
and
texts
helps
the
narra6ve.
The
main
colour
used
in
the
poster
is
red,
which
implies
danger
and
threat
and
this
helps
the
story
unfold
because
the
audiences
are
aware
that
the
story
would
about
death
and
pain.
The
colour
red
makes
the
poster
appear
horrific
and
builds
a
tense
atmosphere
as
red
connotes
blood.
The
image
helps
unfold
the
story
because
the
character’s
facial
expression
implies
that
the
story
is
about
something
serious,
such
as
death.
Even
though
the
image
has
effects
on
it,
it
is
clear
that
the
character
has
blood
on
her
face
and
this
implies
the
story
will
be
about
death.
The
texts
in
the
poster
help
unfold
the
story
because
they
give
hints
about
what
the
film
will
be
about,
such
as
the
tagline,
“6me
passes
but
pain
doesn’t”
suggests
the
story
will
be
about
a
pain
will
remain
for
the
rest
of
someone’s
life.
How
effec6ve
have
I
been
in
showing
a
link
between
the
magazine,
poster
and
trailer?
NARRATIVE
15. Narra6ve
Narra6ve
is
significant
in
a
film
campaign
because
it
helps
the
audience
understand
what
is
going
on,
as
it
is
an
effec6ve
way
of
showing
how
the
story
is
unfolded.
There
are
three
major
terms
of
narra6ve,
which
are:
plot,
which
are
the
events
of
the
story,
theme,
which
is
what
the
story
is
about
and
discourse
are
the
things
being
discussed.
These
terms
of
narra6ve
are
important
because
it
helps
the
audience
create
a
meaningful
story
so
they
can
interpret
it
the
way
they
like.
16. Narra6ve
The
narra6ve
structure
is
also
significant
as
it
determines
whether
the
audiences
understand
what
is
going
on
and
it
allows
them
to
create
different
meanings
as
they
would
interpret
it
differently.
Narra6ve
differs
between
two
structures
that
are
open
and
closed.
Open
and
closed
narra6ve
is
different
at
the
end,
where
open
narra6ve
has
an
unfinished
story
or
cli[anger
and
this
therefore
leads
to
a
franchise,
as
there
are
more
to
the
story
being
told.
The
audiences
are
more
likely
to
have
more
ques6ons
in
an
open
narra6ve
than
closed,
as
the
way
they
view
open
and
closed
would
be
different.
On
the
other
hand,
closed
narra6ve
has
a
finished
story,
for
instance
the
enemies
are
overcame
and
normality
is
restored.
There
are
a
variety
of
successful
film
campaigns
that
have
open
and
closed
narra6ves.
My
trailer
is
closed
because
the
story
is
finished
and
there
are
no
cli[angers.
Even
though
closed
and
open
narra6ve
film
campaign
are
both
successful,
it
has
been
argued
that
open
narra6ve
may
be
more
effec6ve
than
closed
narra6ve.
This
is
because
the
target
audiences
for
open
narra6ves
are
broader
as
there
is
a
new
audience
for
each
film
in
the
franchise.
17. Narra6ve
Narra6ve
is
important
because
it
helps
us
understand
how
to
behave;
as
there
are
moral
guidelines
and
can
differ
according
to
the
genre.
Depending
on
the
genre,
narra6ves
can
almost
be
predictable,
such
as
the
plots
and
stock
situa6ons.
In
a
typical
horror
film,
a
character
goes
to
the
kitchen
and
gets
killed.
However,
it
can
be
argued
that
real
life
is
not
like
what
we
see
in
the
movies,
so
should
not
be
taken
seriously
so
cannot
teach
us
human
behavior.
The
audiences
would
interpret
what
they
see
differently
and
they
decide
whether
they
are
a
passive
or
ac6ve
audience.
18. Narra6ve
Barthes
puts
forward
that
there
are
enigma
and
ac6on
codes
that
helps
the
story
unfold.
Ac6on
codes
are
the
character’s
movement
that
helps
the
story
move
on
and
usually
hints
something
and
enigma
codes
are
the
puzzles
that
are
le_
with
the
audience
to
ac6vely
work
out.
The
audiences
may
interpret
meanings
differently,
so
for
each
audience
there
would
a
different
experience
with
different
ques6ons
and
problems
to
be
solved.
Barthes
theory
can
be
applied
to
my
film
campaign
because
my
trailer
contains
enigma
and
ac6on
codes,
an
example
of
an
ac6on
code
is
when
the
knife
drops
on
the
floor
because
it
suggests
someone
is
being
killed.
This
links
with
enigma
codes
because
the
knife
dropping
le_
answers
for
the
audience,
such
as
the
purpose
of
the
killing.
Another
ac6on
codes
that
leads
to
enigma
codes
is
when
the
killer
stabs
the
image
with
a
knife.
This
ac6on
implies
that
the
killer
is
angry
with
the
people
in
the
image
and
leads
the
audience
to
ques6on
the
reason
and
who
the
people
in
the
image
are.
An
enigma
code
that
is
le_
with
the
audience
is
the
ques6on
of
who
survives,
which
persuades
them
to
watch
the
film
because
they
would
want
answers
for
their
ques6ons.
19. Narra6ve
Levi-‐Strauss
put
forward
the
idea
that
narra6ves
are
built
around
binary
opposites
that
keep
the
story
moving
forward
and
is
useful,
as
it
links
with
my
trailer.
In
my
trailer,
there
are
ranges
of
binary
opposites,
such
as
young
and
old.
This
is
shown
through
the
use
of
video
effects
between
the
shot
of
the
young
children
walking
down
the
stairs
and
then
the
teenagers
walking
down
the
same
stairs.
The
video
effect
was
effec6ve
because
it
juxtaposes
the
shots
and
shows
how
6me
passes.
Another
binary
opposite
in
my
trailer
is
life
and
death.
Life
is
shown
when
the
vic6ms
are
not
aware
they
are
going
to
be
killed
and
death
is
shown
when
the
audiences
see
the
knife,
which
shows
that
they
are
dead.
20. Narra6ve
Unlike
Barthes
and
Levi-‐Strauss,
there
are
theories
that
are
less
likely
to
apply
to
my
trailer,
such
as
Todorov.
Todorov’s
theory
is
the
idea
that
there
is
an
order
of
narra6ve,
which
is
all
narra6ves
start
with
a
balance
then
there
are
opposing
forces
which
is
then
disrupted.
The
problem
is
being
solved
and
there
is
a
new
but
different
equilibrium.
In
my
trailer,
I
can
iden6fy
the
balance,
which
is
when
the
killer
is
calmly
thinking
of
the
good
memories
of
her
daughter,
as
every
one
would
want
to
remember
someone
they
love
in
a
posi6ve
way.
In
my
trailer,
it
is
difficult
to
iden6fy
the
new
but
different
equilibrium
because
the
ending
of
my
trailer
is
the
event
of
a
killing.
This
therefore
means
Todorov’s
theory
of
narra6ve
does
not
apply
to
my
trailer.
Perhaps
it
is
because
the
narra6ve
of
the
film
would
be
clearer
as
the
trailer
is
le_
with
ques6ons
and
does
not
show
the
ending.
21. Genre
There
are
a
variety
of
strengths
and
weaknesses
of
genre
in
films
to
both
the
ins6tu6ons
and
audiences.
A
problem
of
genre
is
that
it
does
not
fit
in
neatly
into
one
category,
which
is
a
problem
because
the
audiences
may
be
confused
what
genre
it
is.
However,
subgenres
help
films
to
fit
in
the
correct
category.
An
advantage
for
ins6tu6ons
is
that
it
is
less
of
a
risk
as
the
audiences
has
consumed
it
before.
They
would
know
what
genres
are
in
trend
and
produce
films
according
to
this.
An
advantage
of
genre
to
audiences
is
that
they
have
certain
expecta6ons
in
each
genre,
for
example
in
horror
films
the
audiences
would
expect
to
see
blood
and
gore.
Even
though
the
audiences
interprets
meaning
differently,
the
basic
codes
and
conven6ons
must
be
present
in
order
for
the
audiences
to
understand
what
genre
the
film
is.
These
expecta6ons
are
also
demonstrated
by
the
use
of
trailers,
magazines
and
posters.
In
my
film
campaign,
I
have
included
codes
and
conven6on
appropriate
to
the
horror
genre
and
an
example
is
the
use
of
blood
in
the
magazine,
poster
and
trailer
that
implies
that
the
film
is
horror.
Codes
and
conven6ons
are
significant
because
it
helps
the
audience
understand
what
type
of
film
it
is
but
according
to
Neale,
there
must
be
repe66on
and
varia6on
in
order
for
the
audience
to
enjoy
the
film.
22. Genre
Neale
puts
forward
that
the
codes
and
conven6ons
must
repeat
and
vary
to
a
certain
extent
because
if
there
is
too
much
or
too
liGle
of
varia6on
or
repe66on
then
the
film
would
bore
the
audience.
The
unbalanced
codes
and
conven6ons
would
be
a
success
because
the
audiences
would
take
pleasure
in
finding
out
informa6on
for
themselves.
In
slasher
horror
films,
the
audiences
would
take
pleasure
in
figuring
out
who
the
killer
is.
The
audiences
would
have
different
experiences
with
the
film
as
they
interpret
meaning
differently.
In
my
film
campaign,
I
have
repeated
and
varied
some
codes
and
conven6ons
so
it
does
not
bore
my
audience,
such
as
I
repeated
the
idea
of
an
overprotec6ve
mother
and
this
is
shown
when
there
is
a
voiceover
at
the
start,
which
is
the
conversa6on
of
the
mother
and
daughter.
At
first,
the
audience
think
the
mother
loves
her
daughter
like
every
mother
does
but
when
she
starts
shou6ng
at
her
daughter
about
not
loving
her
and
spending
6me
with
her,
they
realise
her
love
is
a
lot
and
is
becoming
selfish
with
it.
In
typical
slasher
horror
films,
people
die
as
a
result
of
doing
wrong
ac6ons,
such
as
drug
taking
and
lying
to
parents.
However
in
my
film,
the
people
die
as
a
consequence
of
being
friends
with
the
killer’s
daughter
and
this
is
different
to
other
horror
films.
This
is
shown
when
the
group
of
friends,
including
the
daughter,
are
playing
ringa-‐ringa-‐roses
and
then
them
coming
down
the
stairs
with
a
transi6on
of
them
grown
up.
Neale
is
useful
in
explaining
the
unbalanced
codes
and
conven6on
while
Burton
is
useful
in
explaining
the
key
elements
need
in
films.
23. Genre
Burton
defines
the
key
elements
of
genre
with
the
formula:
protagonist,
stock
characters,
plots
and
stock
situa6on,
iconography,
background
and
décor
and
themes.
This
formula
is
useful
because
I
can
apply
it
to
my
own,
for
example
in
my
trailer,
the
protagonist
is
the
killer/mother
and
this
is
demonstrated
as
she
is
shown
most
of
the
6me
and
is
the
main
image
on
the
magazine
and
poster.
The
stock
characters
are
not
present
in
the
poster
and
magazine
but
they
are
in
the
trailer,
and
the
stock
characters
in
my
trailer
are
the
daughter,
and
her
three
friends
when
they
were
young
and
teenagers.
The
plots
and
stock
situa6on
is
when
the
killer
stabs
the
image
of
the
friends
with
a
knife,
implying
that
she
is
going
to
do
something
dangerous
to
them.
The
icons
present
in
my
trailer
are
the
blood,
black
clothing
and
knife,
which
are
all
conven6ons
of
horror.
The
blood
and
black
clothing
is
also
present
in
the
poster
and
magazine,
which
helps
the
audience
recognise
the
genre
is
horror.
-‐-‐The
themes
in
my
trailer
are
love
vs.
hate
and
young
vs.
old.
The
theme
of
love
and
hate
is
demonstrated
in
the
use
of
sound,
as
the
mother
and
daughter
have
a
normal
conversa6on
then
another
conversa6on
where
the
mother
shouts
at
her
daughter.
The
young
vs.
old
theme
is
demonstrated
when
the
young
friends
of
the
daughter
walks
down
the
stairs
then
them
grown
up.
25. Comparing
my
promo6onal
package
FRIDAY
THE
13th
Magazine
front
cover
Film
poster
In
the
‘Friday
the
13th’
promo6onal
package,
the
main
character
is
used
in
the
magazine
cover
and
film
poster.
In
my
promo6onal
package,
the
main
character
in
the
film
is
also
as
the
main
image.
The
characters
are
the
same
but
are
in
different
shots
and
the
posi6on
of
the
knife
is
different.
In
my
magazine
and
poster,
there
are
a
few
things
that
differen6ate
between
the
two
images,
such
as
in
the
film
poster
the
character’s
shot
is
eye
level
but
in
the
magazine,
it
is
low
angle.
My
film
poster
My
magazine
front
cover
26. Comparing
my
promo6onal
package
FRIDAY
THE
13th
Magazine
front
cover
Film
poster
Shot
from
the
trailer
My
film
poster
My
magazine
front
cover
Shot
from
my
trailer
In
Friday
the
13th,
there
are
shots
of
the
character
that
was
in
the
poster
and
magazine.
Similarly,
there
are
shots
of
the
killer
in
the
trailer
as
well
as
in
the
poster
and
magazine.
This
helps
build
the
connec6on
between
my
promo6onal
package.
Both
characters
are
shown
with
low
key
ligh6ng,
which
creates
a
tense
atmosphere.
27. Comparing
my
promo6onal
package
FRIDAY
THE
13th
Magazine
front
cover
Film
poster
Shot
from
the
trailer
My
film
poster
My
magazine
front
cover
Shot
from
my
trailer
The
text
in
the
trailer
has
a
similar
font
to
the
film
name
on
the
film
poster.
This
therefore
makes
the
two
products
link
together.
Likewise,
the
6tle
in
the
trailer
has
a
similar
font
to
the
film
name
in
the
poster.
This
helps
create
a
promo6onal
package
because
they
link
with
each
other.
28. The
strengths
and
weaknesses
of
my
promo6onal
package
Strengths
Weaknesses
§ The
font
of
the
6tle
in
the
magazine
should
be
the
same
as
the
font
used
for
the
poster
§ The
tagline
should
be
clearer
on
the
magazine
§ The
fonts
used
in
the
poster
could
also
be
used
in
the
trailer
6tles
§ The
color
scheme
used
throughout
the
promo6onal
package
was
effec6ve,
as
it
links
with
horror
§ The
main
character
is
involved
in
the
poster,
magazine
and
trailer
§ The
character
has
blood
on
her
face
in
the
trailer,
magazine
and
poster
§ The
images
used
for
the
poster
and
magazine
is
not
too
similar,
as
there
is
an
effect
used
for
the
poster
§ The
main
character
wears
black
clothes
throughout
the
trailer
and
in
the
images
taken
for
the
poster
and
magazine