All fisheries subjects cover in fish la iota question bank.

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ENGINEERING
1. Pumps used in aquaculture application Centrifugal and air-lift.
2. Centrifuge pumps are roto dynamic
3. Centrifugal pumps are classified depending
upon
orientation of the rotating shaft.
4. Large diffuser pumps often have efficiencies
upto
90%
5. Pump capacity (Q) L/min or m3
/S or gpm or ft 3/5 or c/s
6. Power imparted to water by the pump WHP (water Hors power)
7. WHP [ Q – capacity; H – Head;
S – spg ; K – constant ]
8. Specific gravity of water is 1 atm 200
C (680
F)
9. Efficacy of pump (Ep)
10. Pumps are never 100% efficient.
11. The greatest theoretical function lift possible in10.6 m (34 ft) (at 100
C or 500
F);
limited recommend is 705 or 7.4 m.
12. Pumps can be operated both in series and parallel.
13. Surveying where the curvature of the earth is
taken into account
Geodite surveying or trigonome -
trical surveying.
14.Surverying where the curvature of the earth is
not taken into account plane survey.
plane survey.
15. Metric chain are made in lengths of 20 m and 30 m
16. Standard specification of metric chain are
given in.
IS 1492-1956
17. Engineers chain is 100 ft.
18. Gunter’s chain ( or surveyor’s chain) was
introduced by
Edmund Gunter of England in 1620
A.D < 66 ft long>
QHS
K
WHS
BHP
output
input
=
100

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19. Levels and theodolits are usually equipped
with two horizontal cross hairs called
stadia.
20. Method used to measure step land b chain or stepping.
21. The referring point of all vertical distances or
elevation
datum/datum surface/datum plane.
22. Glass jar hatchery was first designed and
standarised at
Cuttack
23. Brood stock unit area of F.W carp Hatchery 0.3 – 0.5 ha.
24. The iron content of water should not exceed 0.2 mg/l.
25. Capacity of eco hatchery 5 m3
and 500 l (60 – 70 lakh egg).
26. Water flow rate 2.5 l/sec (initial) & 3.5 l/sec
(later)
27. The bottom width of ditch (channel) is
determined by the formula
b = 2d
28. Specification for various pond Nursery – 0.02 – 0.06 ha
Rearing – 20%
Stocking – 0.2 – 2 ha.
29. Area distribution while designing farm Nursery – 5%
Rearing – 20%
Stocking – 75%
30. For measuring the earth work which should be
removed from the pond bed
Dead mean
31. Narrow ship of land left between pond edge
and to line of pond
Bum
32. The maximum supply of water in a pond
through out the year
5C/sec/ha.
33. Best soil for fish farm Sandy loam to clay loam.
34. Percentage of slope towards drainage 2%?
35. Ideal area for extensive culture
semi-intensive
intensive culture
1 – 5 ha
0.25 – 1 ha
0.025 – 0.25
=

2
tan

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36. Amount of O2 consumed to oxidised TAN to
nitrate
4.57 g.
37. Ratio of sand, silt, clay 3 : 1: 2
38.Methods used to determine soil/texture Common field & Webber.
39. Fixed reference pt. or station of known or
assumed elevation from which relative
elevations of other stations are calculate
Bench mark.
40. Matters above 2730
K or absolute zero emit EMR.
41. Type of scatter which result in sky look blue Ray light & scatter.
42. Scatter cause by water vapour and dust present
in atmosphere
Mie
43. The termed pixel is decreased from Picture elements
44. Sensor was first used for fishery application in 1930’s
45. Geosynchronous orbits have an altitudes upto 3600 km
46.Sun-synchronons (Helio synchronous) operates
at
900 km
47. Lidar carreid on aircraft flying at an altitude
of 1700 m can defect fish at depth to
16 m.
48. Total suspended matter are also called Seston.
49. Concentration of chlorophyll which indicates
planktonic life
0.2 mg/m3
50. Accuracy of SST and in mar real time 0.50
– 20
C.
51. Changes in salinity cause significant changes
in the emissive brightness temperature of water
for frequencies less than
5 GHZ
52. No. of fishing cycle depend upon Density of fish school.
53. First mechanisation of boat Steam propulsion
54. Used of electronic equipment for fishing
started
After world war 2
55. No. of gears classified by FAQ (Von Brandt.
1957)
16 nos.

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56. Harpoons are mainly used to catch Sword fish
57. Harpoon gun can subdue a whole within 15
seconds
It weighs 8 – 10 kg & 8 –30 on line
58. Cover pot or plunge barbed used in Jaisamand
lake
Tapar
59. Cover pot or plunge based used in Kerala,
Madras, Mysore
Ootha or ottal
60. Highest percentage of total world fish landing
contribution
Purse seines
61. The hanging ratio of head rope and lead line 0.5 to 0.9
62. The length of purse line to purse sine is 1.5 tonnes longer
63. Total bouyancy maintained for the floats to
under water weight of the pure seine net is
1.5 to 3.5 times.
64. Sinking speed of purse seine vary from 40 to 260 mm/sec.
65. Seine operating from boat Boat seine/ Bawish or Scottish
seine/Burojal/Kollivala
(K)/karagaval (Ap) Thoorivala (TN).
66. Seine operating on the shore Shore seine/beach seine /Maha jal
(WB) lcambavala (K).
67. Trawl gear classification based on
construction of net
2 seam flat fish trawl/wing/Box
Butterfly/Ballon/A-panel.
68. Indirect method of yarn cont : British system (Ne)768.1 m 840
yard with 1 lb
Metric system (Nm) – 1 km with 1
kg
Runnage system – m/kg,
Yds/11b,/ft/11b

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69. Direct method of yarn count: Denier system (D, Den, Tol) 9000
m has 1 gm Tex system (Tex)1000
m has 1 gm
70. System of yarn count proposed by
International standard organisation (ISO)
Tex
71. Daimeter more than 4 mm
less than 4 mm
Rope
Ttwine
72. Relationship between Tex, Ne, Nm, D Tex =
73. From left to the top right Z twist (central position of Z parallel
to the ray of the strand.)
74. From right to the top left S twist (central portion of S parallel
to the lay of the strand).
75. Both fibres and yarns are given in same
direction of twist *Yarn S stand S
Z – single twist.
76. Fibres and yarns are twisted in opposite
direction (Yarn S Z – S)
Double twist.
77. Nylon is specified as 210/6/3
78. Cotton twine is specified as 20/0/3
79. Specific gauzy of cotton is 1.54
80. Instrument used to determine the break
strength of a netting material
Breaking strength ** or
dynamometer
81. Breaking load per unit denier Tenacity
82. Breaking length  fibre density Tensile strength
83. Preservative (tannin)for net available in
market
Cutch
84. Optimum concentration of tannin is 4 to 6%
590.5
Ne
=
1000
Nm
= 0.111 D

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85. Tannin fixation is done by oxidation Dutch method, using copper sulphate
and sodium or potassium dichromatic
(Japanese method)
86. P.C. of copper sulphate concentration 1% (f/w) and 3% (S/W)
87. Net coloring is done to increase Catching efficiency
88. Way caught by gill net – Wedged (around the body)
– Gilled (operculum)
– Tangled (other than the above
2)
89. Material used for gill net Polyamid monofilament (0.1 to 1
mm) multi-monofilament
90. Gill net bared on the process of capture &
retention
Trammel nets
91. The smallest hook size No. 20
92. Species caught by handline fishing Sea bream ,jackmackeral.
93. Species caught by pole & line fishing Tuna
94. Species caught by jig line fishing Squid
95.Automatic jigging machine reduces man power
upto
50%
96. Branch line connected to mainline of long line Snoods or Gangions
97. Long line fishing can extend upto 170 km
98. Secondary leader connected to branch line Sekiyama
99. Leader wire connected to sekiyama Snood wire
100. Colour of flag pots used in line fishing Red or yellow
101. In vertical long line branch line are connected
for every
2 m interval
102. In bottom vertical long line, branch line are
hung at interval of
20 – 25 m

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103. Set nets are used in the migratory path at
depth
25 to 45 m.
104. Species caught by pound net Bass, herring, (flatfishes, cat fishes,
croakers)
105. Pots used can go as high as 500 in series
106. Tendency of fishes to be closed to solid
object
Thigmotropism
107. Fyke nets are used in Shallow water
108. Stow nets are used in Tidal currents
109. Serial traps are used for catching Mullets, flying fish
110. Ex. of aerial trap Veranda nets
111. One pod of cotton seed contain 10,000 fibres.
112. Length and dia of cotton fibre 10 mm to 70 mm/ 0.01 to 0.02 mm
113. Material used for filling life jacket Kapok
114. The other name of china grass Ramie
115. Manila is obtain from plant call Abaca
116. Method of polymerisation was invested by German chemist H. Staudinger, 19
117. Phenol is extracted from Coal tar
118. Length of staple fibres varies from 40 to 120 mm.
119. Vessel which has wind on the port side shall
keep out of the way of the other vessel
120. Fishing trip in minor fishing Habour 12 to 24 lens
121. Fishing trip in inshore/offshore Habour 1 to 15 days
122. Fishing trip in seep sea fishing Habour 1 to 12 months
123. Maritime rules was detailed in Merchant shipping Act., 1958

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124. Life saving appliances was detailed in M.S.A, 1974
125. Fire fishing appliances was detailed in MSA, 1969
126. The last person to abandon the vessel will be The master
127. Heat balance is achieved after 20 to 25 mins.
128. P.C of heat loss from neck & head 30 to 40%
129. Approved life buoy shall float in P/W at least 4 hours with 14 ½ kg of iron
suspended
130. The colour of life buoy should be Orange
131.Frequency of transmitting Radio telephone 2182 KHz
132. Fishing harbour are construct and design by CICEF
133.Development of harbour infrastructure started 4th
5 yr plan
134. What does channel 16 means Safety channel
135. RDF Radio Direction finding
136. RADAR Radio Detection and Ranging
137. Dice Navigator is mainly used in North West Europe
138. Operation range for dice navigator 384 to 640 km
139. LORAN Long Range Aid to Navigator
140. LORAN was developed by USA, 1943
141. Operation range of LORAN 300 to 800 km.
142. Omega h phase diff. of very low radio wave 10 to 14 km.
143. Zinc block is used as Cathodic protector
144.Size of vessels visiting fishing harbour ranges 5 to 1000 ton
145. Depth fishing harbour need not be more than 6 m.

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146. Varity of frozen fish are stored in frozen
storage for
10 to 20 days.
147. Freebroad of berthing jetties 0.5 to 1m.
148. The line which indicate the boats head Lubber’s line
149. North pole Red
150. South pole Blue
151. The dip of compass needle towards magnetic
pole assumed UK is as much as
67 ½
152. When axis meets surface of the globe pole/Geographical pole
153. True pole is situated at Lat 700
N 720
S, Long 970
W 1540 E
154. Angle contained between true and magnetic
meridians
Variation
155. Instrument used to obtain bearing of object
not visible from the posits of boat’s compass
Peolorus?
156. Doggered used for correcting courses and
bearing
Error west compass best
Error east compass least
157. IPFC Indo – Pacific Fisheries council
158. First FAO larbour engineer work for India Swedish, cost GB Jube and C Rogher
B Jube
159. SIDA Swedish International Development
Agency
160. (PISFHP). Preinvestment survey of fishing
harbour (1968)
161. Dredging by which stream of water jet of
high speed was applied
Scouring

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162. Rate of water entering into the hull hole – 3 A
163. Expansion ration of from liquid to gas is 450
164. 1 kg of liquid CO2 will produce 0.56 m3
g gas
165. Conc. Of foam extinguisher 3 to 6%
166. FP Fluroprotein foam
167. FFFP Film forming fluroprotein foam
168. AFFF Aquous film forming foam.
169. Expansion ration of foam is a high as 1000
170. FIRE Final inform Restrict Extinguish
171. Dry chemical powder are suitable for Electrical fish
172. Holding power of Admiralty pattern & patent
stockless anchor
4 to 3 times its weight
173. Holding power of Admiralty east anchor type
14
2 ½ to 3 times
174. Testing of anchor is done under Anchor & chain casting Act of 1967,
UK
175. Shackle is term used in USA
176. One shackle is equal to 27.5 m (27.43 m)
177. Anchor having high holding power on
muddly or sandy bottom
Danforth type
178. Anchor mud mostly on small boats Crapnel anchor
179. Anchor good on rocky & coral Single fluke anchor
180. 1’ (min) one nautical mile = 6080 ft
181. Mooring done when wharf space is limited Mediterranean mooring
182. One bell
2 bell
3 bell
Starboard;
port
head on
183. The angle between the sextant mirror doesn’t
exceed
600
H

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184. IMCO International Marinetime
consultative organisation
185.International Regulation for avoiding
collision at sea
1972
186. Collision rule is of 37 types divided into 5 parts
187. The total cubic capacity of a ship available
for carriage of cargo
Freight tonnage
188. Density of Fresh water 1000 kg/m3
Sea water – 1025 kg /m3
Mild steel – 7850 kg /m3
Diesel – 850 kg /m3
189. High dimensional stability timber should
have shrinkage
< 4%
190. Strength range of timber 562 to 722 kg /m3
191. Seasoning i.e. removal of moisture from 100% to 12%
192. Air seasoning of timber takes 3 to 4 months
193.Kiln seasoning of timber takes 8 to 10 days
194. Treatment of timber using inorganic water
soluble preventative
Boucheiri process (at 450
C)
195. Teak Tictona grandis Sal – Shorea robusta
196. The only material used before 18th
century wood
197. Specific gravity of wood 1.56
198. Stranger in direction of grain than across 16 times
199. Length overall used of wood upto 20 m
200. Steel as a boat building material came to use
in
1845 to 1880
201. P.C of carbon good for steel boat
construction
0.12 to 0.25
202. Tensile strength of steel 4735 kg/ cm2
203. Specific gravity of steel 7.84

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204.Life span of steel 30 to 40 years
205. Used of aluminum for boat construction France, 1892
206. Tensile strength of aluminium 2730 kg / m2
207. Specific gravity of aluminium 2.7
208. Used of Fereous cement for boat construction France, 1847 by Josph lambot
209. Specific gravity of Fereous cement 2.4 to 2.6
210. FRP/CRP material was first used by USA, 1946
211. Paste used to prevent such of region from
vertical surface
Thixophic paste
212. Fillers used in resin China clay, chalk powder
213. Tensile strength of FRP 1050 kg
214. Sp. gravity of FRP 1.6
215. Who propose deployment bought ratio for
according résistance data
Admiral D.W Taylor
216. Longitudinal members are called Carlins
217. Line where the planking joint to bed of
backbone structure
Rabbit line
218. Vertical bracket of wood are called lodging knee
219. Horizontal bracket of wood are called lodging knee
220. Single pillar I-type is mostly usual in East coast
221. Which speed 10 to 90 rpm
222. Hauling speed 3 to 60 m/min
223. Size of pea ranges from 1 to 1.5 m
224. Mechanisation by GOI started in 50’s
225. Trapezoidal rule is commonly used in France & USA
226.Simpson rule is commonly used in Great Britain

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227. Compression ratio of petrol engine 5:1 to 9: 1
228. Compression ratio of diesel engine 14:1 to 22:1
229. Forward moving water is called wave ?
230. High speed engine has > 1000 rpm
231. No. of blade used when hp is more than 300 4 nos
232. Disc area Ratio and Pitch ratio value is 0.5
233. The 3R Reduction, Reuse, Recycling
234. If GM is large then boat would be stiff
235. If GM is small then boat would be tender (dangerous)
236. Phenomenon caused by off centre loading LIST
237. Phenomenon caused by unstable in upright
position
LL
238. The deck shake adjoining the sheer is
called
stringer plate
239. No. of frame should be even on portside odd on staboard
side
240. The height of the central level varies from 2 to 7 ft
241. Organic substance extract used for hull
protection
dammar bato
242. Commonly used hull protector on
mechanized boat in India
Copper sheathing
243. A fibre should be at least 200 times greater
than its width
244. ISSCFG International standard statistical
classification of Fishing Gear
245. The process of rating bottom for ripping fish
by hold fastened to a transverse rod
fish harrows
246. Example of mechanized life net Chinese life acts (operated a long
kerela backwater)

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247. Total contribution of Trawl to world marine
catch
20%
248. How many Indian mechanized boat used
trawls
65%
249. What is Bull trawling known in Spain Pareja
250. Trawling useful in exploiting botton sp (like
prawn, lobster)
Multilining ?
251. Name the vessel where pelagic trawling was
carried out
Musena
252. Gill nets used for catching fish reservoir Frammed gill net
253. Purse since in India are used for catching Sardine and mackeral
254. Towed speed of pole lines 4 to 6 knots
255. Established selection between HP of engine
& size
Miyamoto ?
256. P.C of head and foot rope in Indian purse
since
foot rope 4-5% longer
257. Special life net developed to catch strong
current fish (like salmon)
Fish wheels.
258. Electrical fishing is based on principle of Galvanotaxis & galvanonarcosis.
259. No. of species of timber suitable for boat-
building material
400 sp
260. Preservative used for timber Pentachlorophenol
261. 261. Life span of wooden boat 20 to 25 years
262. FRP boat first introduced in India 1968
263. Boat ideal for rocky region Satpati
264. Boat ideal for sandy bottom Boat ideal for Machwas
265. EEZ August 1976

15. Fish-la- iota
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266.Automatic pole and line fishing rod
introduced by
Japan
267. Sound waves travels through the water at 1500 m/sec.
267. The 1st
plank fitted in the rabbet of the keel Garboard strabe
268. 1 nautical mile 1.052 km
269. Unmagnetised rod of iron used in compass Flinders bar
270. Radar was invented by Robert Watson Wolt, 1935
271. IMCO Inter governmental Maritimes
consultative organisation
272. Status not having Marine fishing Regulation
act
Gujarat and W.B
273. Exploratory fishing operation initiated in
India
1946
COMPUTER
274. Computer is a devise made up of electronic circuit
275. Computer process data into meaningful information
276. First machine used for calculation start with Abacus
277. First mechanical calculating machine was in -
vented by French mathematician
Blaire Pascal, 1642
278. First computer was devised by Charles Babbage, 1822
279. Name of the first computer Difference Engine
280. Charles Babbage is also called as Father of modern day computer

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281. ENIAC Electronic Numerical Integrator and
Calculator
282. EDVAC Electronic Discrete Variable
Automatic Computer
283. Single computer works on discrete electric bed station/off
284. Hybrid computer are of Analog and digital computer
285. Examples of super computer Cray, PARAM
286. PCs or personal computer comes under Microcomputer
287. Bits has been derived from Binary digits
288. 8 bits in equal to one byte
289. I byte will represent a single character
290. 1024 byte kilo byte (1 KB)
291. 1024 KB 1 Mega byte (1 MB) (210
= 1024)
292. 1024 MB 1 Giga byte (IGB)
293. Input – processing – output – storage is call information processing cycle
294. The brain of the computer is CPU (Central processing unit)
295. ALU Arithmetic and logic unit
296. RAM Random Access Memory

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297. ROM Read Only Memory
298. VDU Video Display Unit
299. 5 ¼” floppy contains about 1.2 MB (720 KB)
300. 3 ½” floppy contains about 1.44 MB
301. CD Compact Disk can store 650 MB of
data
302. DVD Digital Video Disk can store &GB of
data
303. System soft ware DOS (Disk operating system),
UNIX, windows 95,98 etc.
304. Application software Wordstar, DOS – edit, MS-Word,
MS-office; Dbase, FoxPro, Oracle
Lotus, MS-Excel
305. DTP Desk Top Publishing
306. CAD Computer aided design
307. CAM Computer-aided manufacturing
308. High-level language BASIC, COBOL, Pascal, Fortran, C,
C++
, C#, Java, HTML
309. COBOL Common Business Oriented
Language
310. LAN Local Area Network (covers around
100m)
311. WAN Wide Area Network (Bore than
LAN)

18. Fish-la- iota
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312. Internet for a specific purpose within a range
313. Internet for world wise network of computer
314. W.W.W World Wide Web
315. E-mail Electronic mailing
316. Stand for Blank space
317. $ is used to denote string variable
318. ASCII American Standard code for
information interchange
319. FTP File Transfer Protocol
320. GUI Graphical User Interface
321. HTML Hypertext Markup Language
322. HTTP Hypertext Transfer Protocol
323. URL Uniform Resource Locator
324. BUS Group of line used to transfer bit
between microprocessor and
component of computer system
325. ALU Arithmetic Logic Unit
326. Nibble A group of four bits
Quantities of lime decided on the texture and pH of soil
Soil pH DOZE
327. Highly acidic soil 4 – 4.5 1000 kg/ha
328. Medium acidic soil 4.5 – 5.5 750 kg/ha
329. Slight acidic soil 5.5 – 6.5 500 kg/ha
330. Neutral acidic soil 6.5 – 7.5 200

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Nets and their local names
331. Drag gill net – Denduvala
332. Barsui gill net – Catevala
333. Shere scine net – Jaruguvala
334. Large scine –
335. Drag scine net – totivala
States Reservoir River
336. U.P Nanaksagar Desha
Sardarsagar Chukananda
Rihand/G/B Pant sagar Rend
Dhandraul Bhakar
Dhora Dhora
Matatila Ganga
337. M.P Gandhisagar Chambal
Tawa multipurpose project Tawa
338. A.P Osman sagar Musl
Himayat sagar Gissi
Nagarjiena sagar Krishna
Nizamsagar Mowgina
Mopad Mammorl
339. H.P and Punjab Govindsagar Sutley
Beas Beas
340. J & K Liddar project __
341. Bihar Panchet Samader

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Maithon Barakar
Conar Konar
Tilaiya Barakar
Mayarakihi __
342. Maharastra Shivajisagar Koyna
Darwa dam Darwa
344. Gujarat Ukai __
345. Rajasthan Ranapratapsagar Chambal
Bajajsagar __
346. Karnataka (Mysore) Fungbhadra Tungbhadra
Krishnaraja sagar Cauvery
Linganamakki Sharvathi
Vanivila sagar Vedavathi
347. T.N Bhavanisagar Bhavani
Stanlay Cauvery
Pooadi Koraliyar
348. W.B Kangsabati
D.V.C Konar oam
349. Orissa Hirakud Mahandi
350. Kerela Neyyar Neyyar
Periyar Periyar
Name of chemical Wt (in fish) per 100 gm
351. Hypoxanthine Less than 25  gm
352. Histomine 50 – 60 mg

21. Fish-la- iota
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353. TMAO 10 –15
354. TVB 50 – 70
Digestible energy In Kcal per gram
355. Lipid 8
356. Botin – Plant
– Animal
3.9
4.25
357. Carbohydrate (legume) 2
(Non – legume) 3
Fish sp Digestible energy (Kcal/gm)
358. Channel cat fish 2.7 – 3.1
359. Common carp 2.7 – 3.1
360. India & Chinese Carp 2.8 – 3.1
361. Tilapia 2.5 – 3.4
362. Trout & Salmon 2.8 – 3.4
Ingredient Crude Protein %
363. Fish meal 52 – 60
364. Prawn meal 58 – 65
365. Slaughter G water 54 – 65
366. Blood meal 79 – 68
367. Silkworm pupae 48 – 53
368. Spirulina 55 – 68
369. Alfa Alfa 13 –17
370. Groundnut cake 14 – 43

22. Fish-la- iota
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371. Soyabean cake 42 – 43
372. Coconut oil cake 22 – 28
373. Rice bran (Deolied) 15 – 17
374. Rice bran 12 – 14
375. Wheat bran 12 – 14
376. Maize 10 – 12
Product Species
377.Ising glass Scianids, sturgeon, crab, catfish
378. Fish cavier (Roe) Sturgeon
379. Fish macaroni Barbus carratious
380. Shark & whales
381. Surmi Allarkan Pollock
382. Shark liner oil Carcarhincus melenopturus
Sphyrna blochii
Pristis cuspidatus
Glcourdo tigrinus
Source Product/by product Uses
383. Fat of liver and body (1) Fish liver oil & Vit A. Pharmaceutical
384.Protein of muscle and
other tissue
(2) Fish body oil Pharmaceutical
(1) Fish flour sausages,
harm
Human consumption
(2) Fish meal Animal feed
(3) Fish silage Animal feed

23. Fish-la- iota
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(4) Fish soluble Animal feed
(5) Fish manure Agriculture
(6) Fish guano Agriculture
385. Collagen of body tissue Fish ghee Industrial
386. Collagen of air bladder Ising glass Industrial
387. Skin (1) Animal charcoal Putrification of liquid
(2) guanine Artificial pear
(3) Shagreen Abrassive
388. Scales Human consumption
389. Fin Human consumption
390. Egg Fish Roe Human consumption
391. Sterol (1) Cholesterol Pharmaceutical
(2) Squalene Moderant in dyeing
(3) Lecithin Antibloom used in
chocolate industry
392. Enzyme and hormone Enzyme & hormone Pharmaceutical
State/place Traditional boats
393. Kutch Dhow
394. Sourashtra Machwa & Lidhia
395. Bombay Satpati & Verjova
396. T.N (Madras) Tuticorin type and Pablo
397. A.P Nava
398. W.B Batchari, Chot

24. Fish-la- iota
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States Cold water lake
399. Kashmir Water, Dal, Dishensar
400. H.P. Renuka
401. U.P Bhimtal, Nainital, Devariatal, Sattal,
Naubuchiatal
402. T.N Ooty, Shivaroy, Kodaicanal
403. Kerela Devicolam, Elephant
Species Year From To
404. Brown pout 1901 England Harwan (Kashmir)
405. Rainbow tout 1968 Japan Nilgiri (T.N)
1901 England, Ceylon, Nilgiri
New Zealand,
Germany
1968 Japan Nilgiri
1967 Europe Nilgiri
1940 England Kerala
406. Eastern Brook pout 1968 Canada __
407. Atlantic Salmon 1968 N. America Kashmir
408. Golden carp 1874 England Nilgiri
409. Common carp: Scale 1957 Bangkok Cuttack
Mirror 1939 Ceylon Nilgiri
410. Grass crap 1959 Japan, H.K Cuttack
411. Silver carp 1959 H.K Cuttack
412. Garani 1865 Java T.N
413. Tilapia mossambic 1965 Mauritius __
414. Cichlid (G. affais) 1928 Haly ? __

25. Fish-la- iota
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State Continental shelf area
km2
Coastline (Km)
415. Gujarat 169 160
416. Maharastra 112 720
417. T.N 41 1000
418. A.P 31 974
419. Kerala 40 590
420. Orissa 31 480
421. Karnataka 25 300
422. W.B. 17 157
423. Goa 10 87
424. A.N 35 2000
425. Lakshadeep 4 32
426. Pondicheery 1 45
Dominant fishing in
427. N – E Atlantic ocean Cod, Herring
428. Central cast Atlantic ocean Cephalopod & Hake
429. N – W Whale & Ha*block
430. Central West Atlantic ocean Manhaden
431. N – E Pacific ocean Allaskan Pollock
432. Central cast Pacific ocean Anchovies
433. South cast Pacific ocean Salmon, Pearl oyster
434. N – N Pacific ocean Slip month cat fish
435. Central west Pacific ocean Rock lobster ?
436. S – W Pacific ocean Blue gairdneri, coral ornamental fish

26. Fish-la- iota
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Fish Protein content Lipid content
437. Common carp Fry and Fingerling 33-38% 8 – 18%
438. Chinese carp Fry and Fingerling 36-42% 5-8%
439. IMC : Catla Fry and Fingerling 47% 5-8%
Rohu Fry and Fingerling 40-45% 5-8%
440. Catfish Fry and Fingerling 36.7% 10%
441. Channel catfish Fry and Fingerling 52% 8 – 12%
442. (1) Regulation of synthesis: Gonadal steroid
Neuropeptide
Neuro amines
(2) Neuropeptides; Deeapeptide (10 amino acid)
7th
position 8th
position
LHRH Leucine Arginine
GNRH Trypsine Leucine
(3) Neuroamines : 6 – hydroxy phentolanine
5 – hydroxy tryptonine
Adrenaline, Dopamine
(4) Cryoprotectant – Glycerol, Ethylene glycol, Dimethyl Sulpha oxide
(5) Function of Vitamin:
Vit – B1 - Carbohydrate Metabolism
Vit – B6 – Protein metabolism
Vit – C – Protein synthesis
Vit – D – Ca & P metabolism
Vit – A – Ca transport across membrane, embryonic
development
Vit – E – Product HUFA, Antisterility

27. Fish-la- iota
27
(6) Stocking Density
Extensive – 3000 / ha
Semi – intensive – 7 – 10,000
Intensive – 15,000 – 20,000
(7) Fishery Suspended solid
Good < 25 mg/lt
Moderate 25 – 80 mg /lt
Poor 80 – 400 mg /lt
Very poor > 400 mg/lt
FISH PROCESSING TECH
I. SEAWEEDS
443. In Japan agar is believe to be discovered by Minoya Tarozaemon (1658)
444. Monument for agar Shimizumura
445. Industrial use of agar started during 18th
century (dawn)
446. And is called as Kanten
447. The word Agar-Agar originated from Malaysia
448. In French & Portuguese, it is called *Gelora
449. Originally Gelidium agar constituted Genuine agar
450. Seaweed are also called (Dead Seaweed) “Argazos &
451. Gelidium occurs on Rocky bed
452. Graularia occurs on Sandy bed
453. Agar is complex of two polysaccharides
obtained from red algae
Agarose & Agaropectin
454. Agar contain mainly Galactose
455. Molecular weight of nondegradable agarose 120000
456. To keep seaweeds for long period treated with Formalin (2%)

28. Fish-la- iota
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457. Gracilaria edulis is exploited in India from Gulf of Mannar, T.N
G. acrossa is exploited in India from Pampan, Vedalai & kilakavi
(T.N)
458. G. acrossa grows in Shallow area & attached to
pebbles & Stone
459. Process in which gel contracts on standing &
exude liquid (Require > 24 hrs)
Syneresis
460. Food grade agar should be free from E. coli & Salmonella
461. Gelling temperature of agar
462. Melting temperature of agar
320
– 360
Unique property
85 – 860
463. Agar can be used on pH range of 5 – 8
464. Most common method for measuring gel
strength
Nikan – Sui Method
465. First phycololloid used in Food industry Agar
466. Use of agar in human food Industry is permit by FAO/WHO codex Alimentarius
467. In human food Industry used mainly as Gilling agent q
468. For viscosity, concentration use is 1%
469. For Stabilizing agent concentration use is 1/100 or less
469. Widely used media in Meat Industry Soft boiled sausage agar
470. Food for insect during netamorphosis Specially prepared Agar
471. Gelidiella acerosa & Gracilaria folifera Coral reef area of Mandapam
472. Gracillaria lichonoides occar in Gulf of Mannar
473. G. verrucosa occur in Chilka lake
474. Agaroids viscous with low gel strength yielding
algae
Hypnea & Spyridia
475. Edible red algae Rhodomenia palmata
476. “Nori” in Japan is prepared from Porphyra sp.
477. Nori is called by European countries as Laver

29. Fish-la- iota
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478. Seaweed is less as source of energy due to Cellulose content
479. Porphyra sp is a good source of Vit E & Vit B1 (Thiamine)
480. Rhodomenia palmaia is used as cattle/sheep few In Scandinavia
482. Seaweed use for manufacturing of agar-agar in
India is
Gracilaria edulis
483. Algin is used in the form of Sodium alginate
484. Algin is found in Brown algae (Phaeophyceae)
485. Algin yielding plants are called as Alginophytes
486. Commonly used species are Laminaria,
Macrocystis,Sargassum
487. Most common species used in India Savgassum when it is an
auniable – Turbinayia
488. Method for producing Algin or Alginine acid (1) Stanford proess
(2) Keteo process
(3) Algin corporation process
489. Mainly used in Ice cream, also in cosmetic as
shampoo
500. Laminaria is also called as Macrocystes pyrifera Kelp
Macrocystis pyrifera Giant kelp
Laminaria digitata Horse tail kelp
L saccharina Sugar kelp
501. Macrocystis is harvested on West coast of N. America
502. Nereocystis grows along with Macrocystis
503. Ascophyllum nodosum grows in Intertidal zone
504. In India, sargasum grows in T.N. coast, Kerela & Gujarat
505. Alginic acid was first discovered by Stanford in 1881
506. Alginic acid is liniar solymer 2 monome rice
unit. Such as
L- guluronic acid

30. Fish-la- iota
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507. Basic structure of each monomer is Tetrahydropyran ring
508. Synthetic derivatives of alginic acid is Propylone glycol alginate
509. In brown seaweed alginic acid is present as Calcium salt
CARRAGEENANS
510. Third most important hydrococcoid Carrageenan
511. 1st
or most important hydrococcoid Starch
512. 2nd
most important hydrococcoid Gelatin
513. Carrageenas are obtained from Rhodophyceae (Aed scacoced)
514. World largest produer of carrageneens Phillipines
515. Word carrageenans is taken from Irish Word Carraigeen, meaning
516. Carrageenans are also called as Irishmosh
517. Carrageenans are mainly extracted from Chondrus crispus
518. Kapa carrageenan is fractionally precipitated by Pottasium chloride
519. Lamda carrageenan is fractionally precipitated
by
520. All carrageenan have ability to from gel by
cooling in
Hot milk
FISHERIES RESORUCE
521. Major fish resource that contribute marine
capture fisheries are
Alaska pollack and Japanese
Anchovy
522. Finishes comprises of f/w capture fishery 46%
532. Amount contributed by crustacean 7.6%
533. Amount contributed by Mollusk 7%
534. Highest number of fish species culture in Asia (172)

31. Fish-la- iota
31
535. 2nd
highest number of fish species culture in Europe (99)
536. Highest culturable item in world Laminaria japonica (kelp)
537. 2nd
culturable item in world Crassostrea gigas (paupic
cuppal oyestera)
538. 3rd
culturable item in world Siliver carp
539. 4th
culturable item in world Grass carp
540. 5th
culturable item in world Common carp
541. In Asia, fish supply - of animal protein 35 – 60%
542. Fish on average contain 10-22% protein
1 – 20% fat
0.5-5.1 mineral
543. In world, about – people rely on fish for their
animal protein requirement
1 billion
544. Highest per capita consumption of fish Japan (72.1)
545. India is in 15th
position with consumption of 9 (2000)
546. Highest Inland fish production China (2,280,000 tonnes (1998)
547. 2nd
highest Inland fish production India (6,50,000 tonnes, 1998)
548. Centre of World fish consumption Asia
549. Low Income Food deficit countries (LIFOC)
share in total fish export
20% of total export
550. India has 14 major river with catchment area of >20,000 km2
551. Different river system in India have combine
length of s
29000 km
552. Single largest inland fishery resource Reserviour (in Size and
production)
553. Indian flood plain lake (0.24 m ha) is continuity
of
Ganga & Brahnaputra
554. Area of estuary in India 2.7 million ha

32. Fish-la- iota
32
555. Average production of estuary 45-75 kg/ha/yr.
556. Area of Reservoir 3.15 million ha
557. Number of small reservoir 19, 134 nos (Area = 1.48 mil ha)
Number of Medium reservoir 180 134 nos (Area = 0.52
mil.ha)
Number of Large reservoir 56 nos (Area = 1.14 mil ha)
558. Production of reservoir 0.94 lakh tonnes
79% small reserviours
14% lare reserviorus
7% medium reserviors
559. Average production of reservoir 20 kg/ha/yr.
560. Indian upland fishery includes 8253 km – Rivers
21900 ha – natural lakes
29700 ha – reservior
561. Marine production falls during 1980’s – 1990’s
562. Marine production reach plateau in 1990’s
b) Fishery potential in India
Length of coastline (km) 8118.00
EEZ (million km2
) 2.02
Continental shelf Area (‘000 km) 506
Length of Rivers, canals (km) 191,024.00
Brackish water Area (million ha) 1.23
Reservoir area (million ha) 3.15
Tanks & pond (million ha) 2.25
Beels, oxbow and dereliet water (mil.ha) 0.82
Marine fish potential (mil. Tonnes0 3.93
Inland fish potential (mil tones) 4.5
563. Indian EEZ was declared in 1977

33. Fish-la- iota
33
564. In 2.01m km2
EEZ of India
West coast comprises 0.86 m. km2
East coast comprises 0.56 m. km2
Amdaman & Nicobar Comprises 0.60 m. km2
565. Potential of EZZ (Afdt, Ministry of Agri) 3.93 million tonnes (Oct. 2000)
Out of which demersal fishes comprises 2.02 m. tonnes
Out of which pelagic fishes comprises 1.67 m. tonnes
Out of which oceanic resource fishes
comprises
0.24 m. tonnes
566. Percentage of Share of aquaculture in inland fish
production is
75 – 80%
567. F/w aquaculture resource in India 13.67 m. ha
568. Fish Farmers Development Agencies (FFDAS)
was set up during
70’s
569. Area brought under scientific culture by FFDAs 5.30 lakh ha.
570. FFDAs imported training to 6.06 lakh fisher folk
571. Total nos. of FFDAs in India 422
572. Highest production under FFDAs Punjab 4735 kg/ha/yr.
Lowest production under FFDAs Gujrat 1245 kg/ha/yr.
573. Highest shrimp production was during 1995 (82800 mt)
574. Present production of shrimp 82000 mt (1999)
575. Total fish production in India 5.9 million mt (2001)
576. Present fish consumption 9.5 kg/person/annum

34. Fish-la- iota
34
EXPORT
577. India started export during early part of this
century with
Dried fish to Srilanka, Burma,
Singapore & Hongkong
578. India stored export of canned shrimp & fish 1950’s
579. Percent of fish consumption in fresh form 67% of total production
580. Percent of fish used for fish meal 6% of total production
581. Percent of fish consumed in processed form 23% of total production
582. Out of which percent of fish in drying 16%
in freezing 7%
in Canning 0.5%
583. Percent of marine product in total export &
canning
3.4%
584. Total export (MPEDA 2001) 440.5 (‘000 tonnes)
6443.89 Rs. Crores
585. Culture shrimp contribute (in export) 52% in quality
586. Major form of fish export Frozen fish
587. Major Market Japan (45%) folowed by
European Union
588. In World, Percent of fish consumed in fresh from 36%
Percent of fish consumed in process form 64%
Biochemical composition
589. Four major components in edible portion of fish Water
Protein
Lipid (oil or fat) Proximate
Ash (minerals) composition

35. Fish-la- iota
35
590. This account for – of total tissue component 96 – 98%
591. Proximate composition of Indian fishes
Water 65 –90%
Protein 10 – 22%
Fat 1 – 20 %
Mineral 0.5 – 5%
592. Composition in sp wise Moisture PR. Fat Ast
(1) Catla catla 76.30 19.6 1.3 0.9
(2) Cirrbinus mrigal 77.1 19 1.1 1.4
(3) Labeo rohita 76.9 19.1 0.2 0.9
(4) Cyprinus carpio 74.84 20.84 3.15 1.17
(5) Harpodon nehereus 88.5 7.5 2 1.5
(6) Rastrelliger kanagurta 71.19 21.21 7.51 1.33
(7) Milk fish (Chanos chanos) 70.9 23.5 3.6 1.4
(8) Mussel (P. viridis) 76.69 12.55 2.57 2.06
(9) Sardinella longiceps (Oil sardine) 67.01 19.38 11.7 1.73
(10) Tilapia mossambica 77.3 20.47 0.58 0.9
(11) M. rosenbergii 78.29 21.17 0.27 0.37
(12) P. indicus 76.81 17.50 0.58 1.46
593. Bombay duck found in North – West contain 90% water

36. Fish-la- iota
36
594. The term protein is taken from Greek word. Protos – first (white
et al.)
595. First major component in muscle of fish Water
596. 2nd
major component in muscle of fish Protein
597. Protein contents of muscle is considered low is > 15%
598. Red muscle has lower protein than Light muscle
599. Protein fraction soluble in salt of low ionic
strength (<0.15) are called
Sarcoplasmic protein
600. Protein fraction soluble in salt of high ionic
strength (>0.5) are called
Myofibrillar protein
601. Sarcoplasmic protein account for 25 – 30% of total protein of fish
35 – 40% of total protein in
mammal
40% of total in mammal
602. Myofibrillar protein accounts for 65% of total protein in fish
603. Protein responsible for gelling properties of fish Myofibrillar protein
604. Stroma protein account for 3% in teleost
605. Texture of fish muscle is due to Low content of stroma protein
607. Major component of fish muscle (lipid) are Triacylglyceral of long chain
Phosphoglycerides fatty acid
608. Major constituent of depot fat from muscle Triacylglycerols
609. There is lipid built up during feeding and
decrease during spawning in
Cod, haddock, hake etc.
610. Role of lipid in tissue Energy source

37. Fish-la- iota
37
611. Phospholipids is essential components of Cell membrane
612. Fatty present in fish muscle (Most common) Unsaturated fatty acid (10 – 22
carbon chain +0.6 double bond)
613. Fatty acid always have (in fish) Even number of carbon atom
614. Unique characteristic of fatty acid in fish High degree of unsturation
615. Number of fatty acid present is fish sp 50 different acid
616. Important saturated fatty acid present Myristic, Palmoleic and stearic
acids
617. Important monounsaturated fatty acid Palmitoleic and oleic acid
618. Important polyunsaturated fatty acid Arachidonic, eicosapentaenoic
& docosa hexaenoic acid
619. Result of lipid hydrolysis Release of free fatty acid
620. Lipid hydrolysis in muscle tissue is due to Lipase enzyme
621. Primary products of lipid acidation Hydroperoxides
622. Fish flesh is generally richer than meat in
contents of
Fat soulube vit (A, D & E)
623. Shark liver is an excellent source of Vitamin A.
624. Cod liver oil is an excellent source of Vitamin A
Vitamin D
POST-MORTEM CHANGES IN FISH
625. Minimum requirement of protein in human 36 gm /day
626. Average fish contents Water Protein Lipid Mineral
627. Stiffening of body is called Rigor mortis
628. Rigor mortis process quickly in Active fish than inert firsh
629. Knowledge on rigor mortis is based on study of Bate Smith & Bendall (1956)

38. Fish-la- iota
38
630. Ultimate and product of ATP breakdown is Urea
631. Value of hypoxanthene in spoiled fish Smicromoles/g of **
632. Value of hypoxanthene in fresh fish Zero (0)
633. Symbol used for index of fresh ness of fish “K value” proposed by Saito et
al. (1959)
634. Value of K in freshly caught fish 0
In moderate quality fish 10 – 20
In spoiled fish 90
635. Bacterial load or skin surface of fish 103
– 105
/cm2
In case of gills 104
– 106
/gm of tissue
In case of gut 105
108
/ gm of gut content
636. Freezing caused death of bacteria upto an extent
of
60 – 90%
637. Objective test of quality of fresh to fish Estimation of hypoxanthine
638. Histamine develop in fish After 40 – 50 hrs of death
639. Histamine cause food poisoning known as Scombroid posoning
640. Acceptable level of Trimethy Amine Oxide
(TMA0 )
1.5 mg of TMA nitrogen/ 100
gm of fish
641. Fish is considered too spoiled when TMA levels 10-15 mg TMA nitrogen/ 100
gm of fish
642. Oxidative Rancidity is fish is determined by Estimation of peroxide value (pv
<10)
643. For a good fish Pv value should be <10
644. Media used for total plate count (TPC) is
For ocean fresh fish Seawater Agar (SWA)
For process fishery product Tryphtone Glucose beef Extract
Agar (TGA)

39. Fish-la- iota
39
FISH SILAGE
645. Fish silage can be made by 2 method (1) External addition of acids
(Acid preserved silage)
(2) Insitu production of acid by
bacterial fermentation
(Fermented silaqe)
646. A whole/part of fish presented by adding acid or
by anaerobic production of lactic acid bacteria
is called is
Fish silage
647. In fermented silage, Fish chopped is mixed with Molasses (fermentable
carbohydrates( & Lactic acid
bact.
648. Lactic Acid Bacteria produce antibacterial
chemical or antibiotics known as
Bacteriocins
649. Processing waste from shrimp peeling, filleting
fish minced & Surimi plant is
28000 tonnes/annum in India
650. In fish silage preservation, molecules responsible
for preservative action is
Unionized acid molecule
651. In Acid preserved silage Organic acid are preferred
652. When inorganic acid is used, it is needed to
neutralized with
Chalk
653. Organic acid mainly used is Formic acid & Propionic acid (at
2.2/w/w level)
654. In organic acid mainly used is Sulphuric acid (at 2.8 – 6.3 w/w
for oily or bony fish)
655. Sulphuric acid can also be replaced by Hydrochloric or phospheric acid
656. Acid proteinases that contribute Autolysis are Pepsin, cathepsins B & D.
657. In Fermented silage, lactic acid Bact. Use Lactobecillus planatrum, L.
bulgasicus & stroplococcus
thermophilus
658. Most common LAB is L. planatrum
659. Quantity of inoculum for fermentation 107
– 109
cfu/g silage
670. Fermentable carbohydrate most often used is Mollases (at 10% level)

40. Fish-la- iota
40
Class note
671. Main principle of fish silage preparation Liguefaction
672. Commercially used in Scandinavia & Poland
673. Formula for estimation of quantity of mineral
acid
0.14a + 0.96 = by Edin (1940)
A = crude protein, 6 = % of ash
674. Quantity of chalk for neutralization 20 – 50 kg /1 ten of silage
675. Use of fish silage is Poultry + Piggery feed
supplement
ISINALASS AND FISH MAWC (Class note)
676. Isinglass sis used for producing Fish gelatin
677. The word isinglass is derive from Dutch & German
678. The word isinglass is means Sturgeon air blandder/swimming
679. Isinglass is Pure collagen protein
680. Best air bladder of fish for isinglass Polynemidae group of fish
2nd
– Sciacnidae
3rd
– Cat fish
681. Dried air bladder is known as Fish maws
682. Nos. of layer in air bladder 6 – 7 layer
683. Air bladder of fish contain mostly Collagen
684. Part of air bladder, for producing isinglass Middle layer (collagen)
685. Ribbon form, produce from roller has thickness 1/6” inch
686. Most common form of isinglass produced Powder form
687. Isinglass in used for edible purpose in Singapore and Hongkong
688. Isinglass is also used for manufacture of Indian ink
689. Isinglass is dissolve readily in Dilute acid/alkali

41. Fish-la- iota
41
690. Isinglass is insoluble in Alcohol
691. Characteristic that make it different for gelatin Characteristic in hot water os
produce opalescent jelly with
fibroustructure
692. Moisture content of Isinglass <8%
693. Insoluble ash content of isinglass <1.5%
694. Fish maws are principally used for Clarification of wines
695. Fish maws are used in china for making Soup
696. Air bladder for fish maws – superior quality is Tongue shape
697. Air bladder for fish maws – inferior quality is Round shape
698. Most suitable fish air bladder for Isinglass is Deep water hake
699. Fish air-bladder used in Indian is from Reed & cat fish
700. Powder from of isinglass is develop in India by CIFT
FISH GLUE (Book) & (Notes)
701. Raw material Skin & bones (head)
702. Simplest & cheapest method for manufacture Dialysis (remove salt & evapos).
703. Production procedure is developed by John & Roger
704. Most suitable fish for production of fish glue Cod + Cush
705. More preferred form of skin for fish glue Salted fish skin than fresh skin
706. The chloride contents should be <0.1% (else render hygro )
707. Washing of salted skin require time of 15 – 18 hrs.
708. Washing of fresh skin require time of 1-2 hrs
709. After washing treated with 1% coustic soda 1% Hcl &
saturated lime s
710. ½ gallon of glacial acetic acid/ ton is require To clarify glue
711.‘First run’ – (70 – 800
C) First glue after 8 hrs cooking

42. Fish-la- iota
42
712. 2nd
run – (80 – 900
C) 2nd
glue after 8 hrs cooking
713. Residue of fish glue is used for Poultry feed supplement
PEARL ESSENCE
714. Irridescent substance deposited in epidermal
layer & scale (suspension of crystalline guanin in a
solvent)
Pearl essence
715. Lustrous shining effect is produce by Guanin (organic)
716. Pearl essence is produce only by Crystallin guanin
717. Genuine pearl is - Layer of crystalline CaCo3 with
layer of conchiolin
718. Form of Guanin in scale Crystalline
719. Fishes containing in scale Herring, Salmon, Savcline, carpi
bonita, barracuala etc. *****
720. Organic solvent used in pearl essence
preparation
Amylacelate, acetone.
INTRODUCTION TO FISHES – S.S KHANNA
721. Fish body oil is exclusively used in Soap industry & Training
722. Fishes does not have Middle ear
723. First scientific classification of lower
vertebrate
Mesonephric
724. First scientific classification of lower
vertebrate
By J. Muller (1884)
725. Most widely accepted classification is By Berg (1940) – 7 classes
AGNATHA
726. Earliest known vertebrates Agnatha
727. Main characters of Agnatha Absence of Jaw
728. Agnatha is divided into 5 – classes
729. Class – Euphanerida is represented by Genus Jamoytius
730. Most primitive vertebrates Jamoytius
731. Fossil of Jamoytius is describe by White in Siluvian of England

43. Fish-la- iota
43
732.Class – Heterostraci (Pteraspida) is
represented
Pteraspis
733. Earliest known ostracoderms Heterostvaci – i.e. pteraspis
734. Ostracoderms live during time of Mid Ordovinion – Devonion
735. Class – Anaspida is represented by Birkenia
736. Class- osteostraci/cepha laspida, represent Cephalaspis & Hemicyclaspis
737. Best known ostracoderms Cephalaspids (Bottam living)
GNATHOSTOMATA
738. Earliest jaw vertebrates Placoderms
739. Earliest placoderms Acanthodians or spiny shark
740. Acanthodians is represented by Climatius
741. Armoured fishes /Joint – needed fishes Coccostei/Arthrodira
742. Best example for coccostei is Coccosteus
743. Uncalcified roof of skull is found only in Agnatha
744. Elasmobranchii are mostly Predaceous fish, living in tropical
& sub-tropical
745. Biggest fish (all living & nonliving) Carcharodon (80 feet)
746. Largest fish (Living) Rhinodon (70 feet)
747. Shark most common in Ganga river Carcharhinus gangeticus
748. Most important shark of Bombay coast C. melanosterus
749. Common saw fishes in Bombay coast Pristis cuspidatus & P. microden
750. In saw fish “Saw” is formed while Young is still in uterus
751.Most common skate along Bombay coast Rhinobatus granultus
752. Ray common In Indian coast are Dasyatis imbricata (sting ray
Aetobatus flagellum (Ecgle ray)
Torpedo marmorata (Elective ray)
753. The only eagle ray found in chilka Aetobatus flagellum
754. Shark of Indian sea Scoliodon sorrakowah

44. Fish-la- iota
44
755. Male organ present on the body of shark Claspers
756. Cured skin of shark is commercially k/a Shagreen
757. Air – bladder is absent in Shark
757. Fertilisation in shark is almost always Internal
758. Nos of gill slit present in shark 5-7
759. There is no clasper in Cladoselachii (Pleurospteygii)
Sub-class of shark eg.
cladoselache
760.“Maltese cross”- (Calcified cartilage
alternating with uncalcified region) present
in
Shark Trunk Vertebra
761. Shape of Stomach in shark “J’ shape
762. Blind sac (at junction of cardiac & pyloric
stomach) is present in
Share
763. Heart in shark is “Venous or branchial” heart (In
fish heart contain only venous
blood which passes through only
once in complete circuit round the
body.
HOLOCEPHALI
764. King of Herrings Chimaera monstrosa
765. Dipnoi are also called as Lung fishes
766. Respiration is by Aquatic and aerial respiration due
to presence of lungs
767. The organ which acts as lung is Air-bladder
768. There present two (2) lungs in Protopterus & Lepidosiren
769. There present 1 lungs in Ncoceratodus
770. 2 lungs bearing fish are kept under Order : Monopneumona

45. Fish-la- iota
45
772. Oldest & most primitive lung fish Dipterus
773. Living fossils Latimeria chalumnae
774.First live specimen of Coelocanth
(Latineria) was caught in (at 80 m depth)
River chalumnae of east coast of
S. Africa in 1938 Dec.
775.The name Latimeria chalumnae was given
after
Miss courteny latimer & River
chalumnae.
776. This name was given by Prof. J.L.B. Smith
777. Second specimen was caught in 1952, near Island of Anjouan
(Madagascar)
778.Coelocanthiformes are called coelocanth Because spine on back are hollow
779. In Latimeria chalumnae, nos of sense
organ
2 nos.
780. Paired lobed fin are used for Walking & catching prey
781. Earliest known genus of this group Cheirolepis
782. Types of scale Ganoid
783. Amia calua is also called as Bow fin fishes
784. Bow fin fishes lives in lake & river of N. America
785. Lepidosteus sp are also called Garpike
786. For spawning male prepare crude nest by
crushing vegetables
Amia calva
787.In Cypriniformes, the apparatus
connecting ear and air bladder is called
Weberian apparatus
788. Flying fish can fly upto an altitude of 1 meter
789. Flying fish can fly and cover a distance 100 metre
790. Brood pouch is present in male fish of Hippocampus (Sea horse)
791. Four Eyed Fish (pupil divided into 2 part) Anableps (can see in air water )
792. Mosquito fish (Gambusia) are Viviparous and live bearer
793. Most deadly fish venom known is found
in
Pterois russellii (Soorpianfish)

46. Fish-la- iota
46
794. Venom in scorpion fish is Neurotoxic
795. Fish which have air bladder in juvenile
but doesn’t have in adult stage
Solea fish (Solea ovata)
796. Sucking disc is present on the top of head Remora (Sucker fish)
797. Sucker fish are used to catch turtles in East coast of Africa
798. Muscle of puffer fish is toxic and fatal to
man the toxic present is called
Tetrodoxin
799. Puffer fish are consumed in Japan
800. Fishing organ in Angler fish Illicium
801. Lure organ in Angler fish Esca
802. Toad fish is present in N. America
803. Best known toad fish Opsanus tau
804. Toad fish produce sound by Vibrating its swim-bladder
805. Most primitive shark Pleurocanth shark (Pleurocauthus)
806. First teleost fish is represented by Leptolepis (Jurassic period)
807. Fish that makes cocoon for summer sleep Protopterus (Using mucus)
808. Scale type which is not found in living
fish
Cosmoid scale
809. Scale on fish are formed first at Caudal peduncle
810. Colouration of fish is due to presence of
two types of special cells
Iridocytes
811. Iridocytes contain Guanin (have great reflection
power)
812. Iridocytes are also called as Mirror cells
813. Hormone causing colour change in fish Intermedin (Secreted by Pituitary)
FINS & LOCOMOTION
814. Median & paired fins are supported by Radial & dermal fin rays

47. Fish-la- iota
47
815. In bony fishes, primitive median fins is Median fins of sturgeon
816. Heterocercal caudal is found in Amphioxus & cyclostomes
817. Also called as diphercercal & found in (Dipnoi)
818. Heterocercal caudal is found in Chondriichthyes
819. Homocereal caudal is found in
820. Abbreviated heterocercal is found in Amia & Lepidosteus (Holostei)
821.Isocercal, heterocercal found in
Anguilliformes & Notopteridae called
leptocercal
822. Diphyrocercal (complete disappearance of
caudal fin is found in )
Fierasfer & Orthagoriscus
823. Hypocercal (inverted heterocucal) Agnatha
824. Theories on origin of paired fin
(i) Gill Accts Theory – given by Gegenbour
(ii) Fin Fold Theory – given by Balpur & Thacher supported by
Mivavt
825. Chief organs of locomotion in fishes Tail & caudal fin
826. During movement, tail is bent on one side Non-effective or backstroke
827. During movement, tail is extended &
straightened
Forward or effective stroke
828. Most common method of locomotion in
fish (body form ‘S’ shape curve)
Carangiformes type
829. In Elongated fish (eel), locomotion is
(fish look like crawling snake)
Anguiliform type
830. Form of Locomotion in trunk fish Ostraciform

48. Fish-la- iota
48
831. Usually fish swim in Horizontal position
832. In sea horse & Needle fish, fish swim Vertical position
833. Pelvic fin are stretch with pectoral for
gliding in air in fish like
Cypselurus
834. Fish which can climb tree using pectoral
and operculum
Anabas
FOOD AND ALIMENTARY CANAL
835. Fry & Fingerlings with shorter in
testine
Zooplankton
836. In herbivorous, plant material
contribute
75%
867. In herbivorous animal material
contribute
1 – 10%
4. TABLE OF FOOD & FEEDING HABITS
Fishes Feeding habits Food
868. Labeo rohita Herbivorous Microscopic plant, decaying
higher plant vegetable debris
detritius, muds
869. L. fimbriatus Herbivorous Filamentous algae, portion of
higher plants, decaying organic
matter
870. L. gonius Herbivorous Algae, microscopic plants,
vegetables matter, detritus, mud
871. L. bata Herbivorous Algae, microscopic plants,
vegetables matter, detritus, mud
872. Osphronemus
gouramy
Herbivorous Aquatic plant algae

49. Fish-la- iota
49
873. Tilapia mossambicus Herbivorous Aquatic plant & filamentous
algae
874. Ctenopharyngodon
idella
Herbivorous Aquatic vegetation, weed
875. Clarius batrachus Omnivorous Insect, worm, crustacean, fry,
larvae, decaying organic matter.
876. Heteropneustes
fossilis
Omnivorous Insect, worm, copepods, debris,
algae, ostracod
877. Cirrhinus mrigala Omnivorous Algae, decaying plants, mud
detritus.
878. Tor putitora Omnivorous Algae, decaying organic matter,
insect rotifer, protozoa
879. Tor tor Omnivorous Macro vegetation, filamentous
algae mollusc, insect, sand or
mud
880. Cyprinus carpio Omnivorous Algae, macro-vegetation insect
rotifer, crustacean
881. Hypopthalmichthys
molitirx
Plankton feeder Unicellular algae, rotifer,
decaying macro-vegetation,
detritus
882. Catla catla Plankton feeder Algae, microscopic plant, rotifer,
insect, crustacean
883. Wallago attu Carnivorous Insect, fishfry, fingerling, small
fish

50. Fish-la- iota
50
884. M. seenghala Carnivorous frog, tadpoles
885. Channa maurulius Carnivorous frog, tadpoles
886. C. striatus Carnivorous frog, tadpoles
887. Catta, silver carp, puntius ticto, Gadusia chapra
Hilsa ilisha, chanda ranga, C. nama, Oxygaster
Barilies
Surface feeder
888. Rohu, P. sopbore, Tor tor, Wallag attu, Mystus
vittatus Column or Mid feeder
889. Calbasu, Bata, L. gonius, mrigal, C.reba, P.
sarvana, Mola, Magur, Shinghi, C. striatus,
C.maurilius
Bottom
890. Herbivorous fish get abundant supply of food on April, May, June
891. Herbivorous fish get poor supply of food on Winter
892. Carnivorous get abundant food on April, June, Sep, Oct.
893. Carnivorous get poor food on July, Aug, December
894. Omnivorous fishes No seasonal variation
895. GaSI (Gastrosomatic Index) is For examining Feeding
Intensity
896. Formula of GaSI Wt of stomach content
897. Feeding intensity decrease during Spawning season
898. Feeding intensity increase after Spawning season
899. Stomach of fish is empty or ¼ th full, during
(due to increase in gonads size)
Spawning
1000. GaSI shows seasonal variation in Both Male & Female
1001. GaSI shows maximum value during Post spwning
Wt. Of fish
 100

51. Fish-la-iota
51
1002. GaSI shows minimum value during Breeding season
1003. Main function of barbels in catfish For sea rching food
(sensory)
1004. Longest gill rakers Gill rakers in first arch
1005. Smallest gill rakers Gill rakes on fifth arch
1006. Air bladder is present between Intestine & right lobe of
liver
1007. Liver in fishes has 2 lobes
1008. Fry of major carp feed on Zooplankton
1009. Villi in alimentary canal of fry Simple & unbranched
1010. Villi in alimentary canal of adult Long, branched & complex
1011. Taste buds is absent in mucosa of Fry
1012. Teeth like gill rakers are present in Carnivorous predator fish
1013. Teeth are present in tongue also in Nolopterus chitala & N.
rotopterus
1014. Main function of pharyngeal teeth in carni
vorous fishes
Regurgitation
1015. Teeth are completely absent from jaw Herbivorous
1016. Well develop pharyngeal teeth is present in Herbivorous
1017. Main function of pharyngeal teeth in
herbivorous
Crushing the prey
1018. Edentulous bucco-pharynx, present in Plankton feeder
1019. Primary function of gill raker in fish Protect gill filament
1020. Gill raker is long, hard & teeth like in Carnivorous fishes
1021. Gill raker is reduced to small protu branches in Trichierus
1022. There is no gill rakers in Muraenesok
1023. Broad-sieve like gill raker present in Herbivorous (Rohu, catla)

52. Fish-la-iota
52
1024. Second function of gill raker is Filtering food and prevent
escape
1025. Filtering efficiency of gill raker is lowest in Carnivorous fishes
1026. Oesophagus is short & narrow in Herbivorous &
Omniuovaus
1027. Oesophagus is long & large & disintensible Carnivorous
1028. Stomach is thick & sac – like in Carnivorous
1029. Stomach is thick & zig-zag like in Hilsa ilisha, Mugil,
Gadusia Chapra (for
trituration of food)
1030. Distinct muscularis mucosa is present in
stomach of only
Harpodon nehereus
1031. Special feture of cyprinids No true stomach
1032. Stomach is also absent in Holocephali & Dipnoi
1033. Intestine is short and straight Carnivorous
1034. Intestine is long and coiled in Herbivorous
1035. Intestinal caeca/pyloric caeca develop from Pylorus of anterior intestine
1036. Function of intestinal caeca is Accessory food reservior
1034. Intestinal caeca is absent in Stomach less fish
1035. Liver in fish is Bilobe
1036. 1 gm of carbohydrates gives 1.6 kcal of energy to fish
1037. Amount of energy available in 1gm of protein 3.0 Kcal
1038. Amount of energy available in 1gm of lipid 8 Kcal
1039. Richest source of energy Lipids
1040. Pepsin (proteolytic enzyme) is present in Gastric juice
1041. Pepsin (proteolytic enzyme0 is secreted by Granularcell of gastric
gland
1042. Average pH of teleost stomach is 5.6
1043. Pepsin & Hcl is absent in Stomach less fishes

53. Fish-la-iota
53
1044. pH of intestinal content is 6.12 – 7.2
1045. pH of bile juice is 5.5 – 6.8 (slightly acidic)
1046. Major sources of enzyme – Trypsin, lipase,
Maltose, Amylase is Heoatopancreas
1047. Concentration of carbohydrates is highest in Cyprinus (herbivorous)
1048. Concentration of carbohydrates is lowest in Gobio (Carnivorous)
BLOOD VASCULAR SYSTEM
1049. Circulatory system in fish is Closed system
1050. Volume of blood in fishes varies from 1.5 – 3% of body weight
1051. Erythrocytes size in fishes varies from 7 – 36 micron in dcameter
1052. Nos. of erythrocytes in fishes 20000 – 3000000 /m m3
of
blood
1053. Sedentary fishes have smaller nos. of
erythrocyte than
Active fishes
1054. Nos. of white corpuscles varies from 20000 – 150000/mm3
1055. Monocytes produces Antibodies
1056. Thrombocytes helps in Blood clotting
1057. Seat for manufacture of monocyte, thrombocyte
(in teleost fish) & lymphocytes is
Spleen
1058. In chondrichthyes, white blood cell are
manufacture in
Organ of leydig
1059. Respirotory pigment in fishes is Haemoglobin
1060. Fish which doesn’t have haemoglobin is Antartic ice fish
1061. Fish haemoglobin is two types Monomeric & Tetrameric
1062. Monomeric haemoglobin is found in Agnatha (Lamprey and
hagfish)
1063. Monomeric haemoglobin is Single polypeptide
molecule with 17000 dalton
molecular weight

54. Fish-la-iota
54
1064. Tetrameric haemoglobin is found in Most higher fishes
1065. Tetrameric haemoglobin is 4 amino acid chain with
65000 dalton molecular
weight
1066. Fishes which have 4 kinds of haemoglobin Rainbow trout
1067. Fishes which have 3 kinds of haemoglobin Gold fish
1068. Complete cartilaginous gill ray present in Rita rita
1069. Main seat of gaseous exchange Secondary gill lamella
1070. Most common branch glands are Mucous gland & chloride
cell
1071. Function of chloride cells Secrete acid & neutral
glycoprotein
1072. More gill area, & large nos. of gill lamella/mm
of gill filament
Fast swimming fishes
1073. Gill area in air breathing fishes Half of area in fishes with
aquatic respiration
1073. Total gill area is directly proportional to Efficiency of gill sieve
1074.While filtering water, gills utilize 50 – 80% of oxygen in
water
1075. Flow of blood & oxygen in fish gill Smaller than sedentary sp.
1076. Gill cavities of fast swimming fish Smaller than sedentary sp
1077. Tail is used as breathing organ Periopthalmus
1078. External gills is present in Polypterus larvae
1079. Additional respiratory organ (Accessory
respiratory organ) is found in (marine)
Chiloscylium indicum, C.
griseum
1080. Nos. of fishes having accessory respiratory
organ
>140
1081. Skin is used as respiratory organ in Anguilla anguilla
1082. Gill are reduce & gill lamellae are present only
in second gill are of fish
Cuchia cel (Amphipnous
cuchia)

55. Fish-la-iota
55
1083. Air breathing fishes have Labyrinthine orogan ‘or’
rosette
1084. Intestinal respiration is found in Loaches (Migunus fossilis)
1085. Fishes which use air bladder as respiratory Polypterus, Amia,
Lepidostens Gymnarchus,
Notopterus
1086. Swim bladder is absent/reduce in Clavius & Heteropneustes
1087. Chief function of accessory respiratory
Organ Absorption of oxygen
SWIM BLADDER
1088. A duct by which gas bladder opens to
oesophagus
Pneumatic duct
1089. Fishes where, desorbent & sersory part of
bladder are separated
Are called Euphysoclist
1090. Fishes where, desorbent & sensory part of
bladder are unseparated
Are called Paraphysoclist
1091. Most primitive gas bladder is found in Polypterus
1092. Oral shape gas bladder is found in Acipenser
1093. Unpaired gas balder is found in Lepidosteus
1094. Gas bladder is absent in Bottom living fishes
1095. Part of Gas bladder function as Eg. Flat fish
(i) auditory Anterior part
(ii) Wydrostatic Posterior part
1096. Gas bladder is connected with
1097. Sacculus of ear which connect air-bladder is
also called as
Weberian ossicle
1098. Weberian ossicle is first describe by Weber (1820)

56. Fish-la-iota
56
1099. Volume of gas bladder in marine 5% of total volume
1100. Volume of gas bladder in Teleost 7 – 10% of total volume
1101. Bladder of fishes living is deep bottom is
Filled with Oxygen (75%)
1102. Main function of bladder Hydrostatic
1103. Function of Webrian ossicle (1) Pressure register
(2) Barometer
(3) Auditory
(4) Localization of sound
A MANUL OF FRESH WATER AOUACULTURE
1104. PuFA which reduce cholesterol & coronary
disease
Eicospentanoic acid
1105. Range of salinity for aquaculture <0.5%
1106. Range of salinity for b/w aquaculture 0.5 – 30%
1107. Range of salinity for Mariculture 30 – 35%
1108. Range of salinity for Metahaline >35%
1109. Sps cultured mostly in pen are Chanos chanos, Lates
calcarifer, Mugil cephalus
1110. Pole culture is mainly for Mussel
1111. Rack culture is mainly for Oyster
1112. Raff & rope is mainly for Mussel
1113. Salinity of super saline salt pan >200%
1114. Sps. Mainly culture in supersaline area Artemia salina (brine shrimp)
1115. Faster growing sps among IMC is Catla
1116. Maximum size of catla is 1m (45 kg)
1117. Tastiest sps among IMC is Rohu
1118. Maximum size of Rohu is 1 m.

57. Fish-la-iota
57
1119. Maximum size of Mrigal is 0.9 m
1120. Silver carp fed on phytoplankton of size <0.025 mm
1121. Maximum size of silver carp 60 cm
1122. Artificial breeding of silver carp success in 1962
1123. Maximum size of Grass carp 1.5 m (30 kg)
1124. Common carp, silver carp, grass carp are
Collectively called as Sanitary fish
1125. Maximum size of Black rohu 1 m
1126. Maximum size of cauvery carp ( L.
fimbriatus) fringe lipped carp
90 cm
1127. Cauvery carp is distributed mainly in South Indian river
1128. Pigmouth carp (L. kostius) gross mainly in S. Indian river (esp. cauvery)
1129. Max. size of pigmouth carp is 60 cm
1130. Max. size of Bata is 60 cm
1131. Bata is mainly grows in N. Indian river upto Godavari
1132. Max. size of white carp (cirrhinus cirrhosa) 45 cm
1133. Maximum size of sarana (Puntius sarana) 30 cm
1134. Sarana is mainly found in East Indian river
1135. Largest catfish is Wallago attu (2m – max.)
EXCRETION & OSMOREGULATION
1136. Most imp function of kidney (1) Excretion of nitrogenous was to
(2) Maintaining salt & water balance
(Homeostasis)
1137. Tubules of kidney is called Nephron
1138. Tubules of anterior region, which
function in early life is called
Pronephros

58. Fish-la-iota
58
1139. Tubules of posterior region, which
function in later life is called
Mosonephros
1140. Trunk region of tubule Archinephros
1141. Archinephros opens in a Archinephros duct
1142. Posterior tubules behind
pronephros
Opisthonephros
1143. Types of kidney is given by Ogawa (1961)
1144. Different types of kidney
(a) 2 kidney completely fused Clupeidae
(b) Middle and posterior part is
fused
Plotosidae (Marine catfish)
(c) Only posterior part fused Most marine fishes
Belonidae, Scopelidae
Mugilldae Scombridae, Pleuronectidae,
Carangidae etc.
(d) Extreme posterior fused Syngnathidae (seahorse & pipe fish)
(e) Completely separated Lophiidae
1145. Kidney type in Salmon & Trout Completely fused
1146. Kidney type in cyprinids Middle & posterior part fuse
1147. Kidney type in Mystus, Aries,
Dactylopterus
Completely seprated
1148. Common urinogetal aperture Male
1159. Separate urinogenital aperture Female
1160. Less well developed glomeruli in
kidney
Marine fishes
1161. Glomerulus and Bowman’s
capsule together acts as
Ultra filter (blood filter under high
pressure)
1162. Principal organ for removal of
NH3 & Urea
Gill

59. Fish-la-iota
59
1163. Urine flow is much greater in Teleost than marine
1164. Kidney is larger in relation to
body weight
Fresh water fish than Marine
1165. Amount of urine produce by f/w
teleost
5-12% of body wt/day
1166. Kidney tubules are modified for
water retention
In marine fish
1167. Fishes which do not drink water Hag fish (cyclostomes)
1168. In hag fish, water required for
urine formation is derived from
Blood of host (Concentration of blood
nearly same as surrounding coates)
1169. Average urea content in blood of
elasmobranch
1000 – 2000 mg %
1170. Average urea content in urine of 230 mg %
1171. Leptocephalus larvae of oil live in Sea (1 – 3yrs)
SIMORPHISM COURTSHIP, MATING & PARENTAL CARE
1172. A female mate with several males Polyandry
1173. A male mate with several female Polygamy
1174. 1 male mate with 1 female Monogamy
1175. Clasper present in male shark
1176. Additional clasper is present in
male of
Holocephali
1177. Distinct mark or scratch in female
dorsal fin base its cause by
claspers of male
Chimaera
1178. Among teleost, intermittent
copulatory organ is present only
is those species in which
fertilization is
Internal
Nest forming
1179. Darter, sunfish, cichlids Prepare nest & gaurd the eggs ?

60. Fish-la-iota
60
1180. Salmon Female male burrow & covers egg by
layer of grace
1181. Bowfin Prepare nest of crude circular type
1182. Mormyrids Floating nest of large size
1183. Fifteen spine stickle back Prepare nest from branch of sea weed
1184. Siamese fighter Form foamy nest
1185. Labyrinth From nest by blowing bubbles of air &
mucus
1186. In cichlids Female carries eggs in oral cavity
1187. In Aries Male carries eggs & young ones in
month
1188. In Kurtus indicus Egg are attached to hook of forehead &
one bunch of egg hang on either side of
head
1189. Butter fish Rolls eggs into rounded belly
1190. Brood pouch is present in male of Hippocampus,Syngnathus
1191. Secondary sexual character in
fishes are under control of
Endocrine gland
1192. Prolactin is secreated by Pituitary gland
1193. Stickiness of bubbles of Betta is
increase by
Prolactin
1194. Hormones that proliferate the
epithlial lining of brood pouch of
Hippocampus
Prolactin
1195. Breeding in teleost is Promiscuous mating system
1196. Promiscuous mating Each male mate with several female and
each female mate with several male i.e.
no choice of mate
1197. Ictalurus nebulosus Male look after the brood
Female guard the territory

61. Fish-la-iota
61
1198. Highest stage of evolution of
parental care and breeding system
is shown
By viviparous teleost
FISH MIGRATION
1199. Example of migrating fishes
Cold (Gadus morhua)
1200. Pacific salmon (Onchorynchus) ; Herrings
(Clupea hamengus)
1201.Tuna (Thunnus thynnus); Salmon (Salmo sp) : Eel (Anguilla sp)
1202. Plaice (Plenuronectes platessa); Hilsa (Hilsa ilisha)
1203. Threo – spined stickled back (Gesterosteus aculeatus); Lamprey (Petromyzon
marinus)
1204. Alimentary migration is in search of food
1205. Gametic migration is for reproduction
1206. Climatic migration is to secure more suitable climate
1207. Osmoregulatory migration
1208. Anadromous from sea to f/w eg: Hilsa,
salmon, lamprey, shad
1209. Catadromous f/w to sea water eg: eel
1210. Amphidromous migration for some other
purpose rather than breeding eg:
Gobies
1211. Potamodromous migration restricted in fresh
water itself eg: carp & trout
1212. Oceanodromous migration confined in sea eg.
Cod, herring, tuna
1213. Vertical migration in Herrings is due to food source & minimized
predator
1214. Distance covered by tunas (Blue fin tuna)
during migration
10000 km

62. Fish-la-iota
62
1215. Migration cycle started after spawning in
Medtlerranean sea is
Tuna
1216. Migration cyle is completed before
spawning in
Cod
1217. Feeding and growing phase of eel Yellow eel
1218. Breeding phase of eel Silver eel
1219. Yellow eel are found in Salt water & f/w
1220. When they reached silver eel (i.e. ready
for spawning) Male are usually
8 – 10 yrs
1221. When they reached silver eel (i.e. ready
for spawning) female are usually
10 – 18 yrs
1222. Eel spawn at the depth of 400 – 500 m below surface
where temp is 16 – 170
C
1223. Eggs of eel float on water
1224. Egg of eel hatched at a depth of 50 m
1225. Larvae of eel are called Leptocephali or leptocephalus
larvae
1226. Leptocephalus larvae possess Straight alimentary canal
unossified skeleton
Aglomerular kidney
1227. Leptocephalus larvae metamorphosized to
elver or glass eel when they are
2 yrs old
1228. Larvae of European eel takes 3 yrs to become elever
1229. Larvae of American eel takes 1 yrs to become elever
1230. American eel are derived from Southern Sargasso sea
1231. European eels are derived from Northern Sargasso sea
1232. Arranging of animal in direction
is called
Orientation
1233. Fish may recognize its home site by direct
sensory stimulus vision or olfaction
which is called
Homing or piloting

63. Fish-la-iota
63
1234. Fish can used Sun for orientation
Moon, also magnetic &
electric field
1235. Sense which play important role in
locating home
Olfactory sense
1236. Hormone that control osmo- and ion-
regulation in fishes during migration &
influence the survival of species of f/w
Prolactin (Most imp) secreted
by pituitary
Corpuscle of stannius
Thyroid, urohypophysis
Inter-renal
1237. Neurosecretions stored in urophysis is
called
Urotensins
1238. Corpuscle of Stannius involves in Lowering of calcium level of
fish
DEEP SEA
1239. Temp of deep sea is nearly stable between 4 – 80
C
1240. Pressure of atmosphere on the level of sea
is
15 pound/ sq. inch of surface
of body of animal
1241. Absence of air bladder is many deep sea
fishes is related to
Energy cost of filling the
bladder at greater depth
1242. Limiting factor in distribution of fishes at
great depth
Pressure
1243. Bathypelagic fishes are not usually found
below
3000 m.
1244. Minimum oxygen level is found between 100 – 1000 m depth
1245. Oxygen level below 1000 m is 5 – 6 m
1246. All the deep sea fishes are Carnivorous
1247. Dead animal do not decompose in deep
sea because
Absence of Bacteria & low
temp.
1248. Most dominant fish in Mesopelagic region
of sea
Lantern & Stomatoid fish
1249. Angler fishes are so called because They poses fishing pole called
illicum and also artificial bait
(esca)

64. Fish-la-iota
64
1250. Luminescent barbells are present in Deep sea angler fishes
1251. Photophores are absent in Benthic fishes
1252. Deepest living fishes Abyssobrotula galathea (Blind
fish)
Family : Ophididae
1253. Fish which have fin rays stubbed with
luminescent organ
Myctophium
1254. Shark (Squalidae ) has numerous tiny light
organ in
Skin
1255. Mirror carp was first introduced in Nigiris
in
1939
1256. Indian Hill trout Bariluis
1257. Gambusia is also called as Top minnow
1258. It is transpalted to India in 1931 from Italy
1259. Oxygaster is commonly called as chilwa
1260. Puntius is popularly known as Carp minnow
1261. Aplocheilus is commonly called as Indian top minnow
1262. Colisa fasciata is valued of food fish in Bengal
1263. Trout were first successfully transplanted
in
Nilgiris in 1960
1264. Brown trout was introduced in Kashmir in
1901 by
Maharaja
1265. Carassius carassius, Crucian carp or
golden carp is a native of
Central Europe
1266. C. cirrhosa was introduced to Ooty Lake
in
Madras in 1874 from Central
Europe
1267. Mirror carp is a native of Temperate region of Asia
1268. Mirror carp was introduced into Nilgiris in 1939 ceylon and
stocked in Ootacamund lake

65. Fish-la-iota
65
1269. Tinca tinca was first introduced to 1270.
Ootacamunal Lake of Madras
In 1874 from England
1271. Silver carp is a native of China
1272. Silver carp was brought from Japan in 1959 and introduced
in Cuttack, Orissa
1273. Silver Carp is mainly cultured in
combination with
Catla catla
1274. Grass carp is known as White Amur in Russia
1275. Grass carp is introduced to CIFRI pond in 1959 from
Hongkong
1276. Tilapia mossambica is a natural inhabitant
of
East coast of Africa
1277. Tilapia was brought in India by CIFRI, Mandapam in 1952
from Ban** & by Fisheries
Deptt. Madras from Ceylon.
1278. Tilapia breed throughout the year in 16 – 25 days interval
1279. Nest were prepared in Circular shape in sand by
Male
1280. Egg of Tilapia hatch within 3 – 4 days in buccal cavity
1281. Size of Tilapia fry when they are liberated
from mouth
8 mm
1282. Mortality of tilapia occurs when the temp
is
< 100
C
1283. Tilapia is most suitable for culture in Sewage water
1284. Tilapia can be cultured suitably with Channa striatus
1285. Osphronemus gouramy was brought to Tamil for the first time in
India from Mauritus and Java
in 1865
1286. Successful establishment of Gourami was
in
1916
1287. For building nest Gourami usually takes 10 days

66. Fish-la-iota
66
1288. Gourami does not survive in a temp of < 150
C
BREEDING OF FISHES
1289. Artificial fertilization is of two types Dry and wet method
1290. Method which in always preferable Dry ( Milt remain fertile for
longer period)
1291. Wet method is more suited to egg that are Sticky
1292. Techniques for induced breeding of
common carps is highly develop in
Indonesia
1293. Bundh breeding is mainly for IMC
1294. Wet bundhs are also called Perennial bundh
1295. Dry bundhs are also called Seasonal bundh
1296. Shallow area of wet bundh where
spawning takes place
Moan
1297. Mrigial and Rohu start spawning in Morning
1298. Catla start spawining from Noon to evening
1299. Mrigal and Rohu mainly spawn in Shallow area
1300. Catla remain and spawn mainly in Deeper water
1301. Induced Breeding was first started by Brazilians (1932)
1302. First person who start Induced breeding in
India
Khan (1938)
1303. Khan successfully induced Mrigal using Mammalian
pituitary hormone
1304. Hiralal Chaudhuri succeeded in Inducing Esomas danricus in 1955 by
using pituitary gland of Catla
1305. First successful induced breeding of cat
fish (i.e Singhi & Magur) was done by
Ramaswamy and Sundaranaj in
1956
1306. IMC was successfully breed by pituitary
gland extract in
1956 by Chaudhuri & Alikuahi

67. Fish-la-iota
67
1307. When pituitary gland is collected and
preserved with Acetone it retain its
potency for
6 months
1308. But when it is preserved with alcohol, it
retain its potency for
2 – 5 yrs.
1309. Hormone used for ovulation and spawning HCG (Human chorionic
gonadotropin)
1310. HCG acts like Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
1311. Hormone responsible for maturation of
Gonad in fish
LH
1312. Mixture of Fish & Mammalian pituitary
extract in known as
Synahorin
GROWTH & AGE
1313. Maximum growth rate of young salmon is
achieve at a temp
150
C
1314. Condition factor is Ratio of length to weight of
fish
1315. Formula for condition factor K =
1316. Condition factor is an indicator of Health of fish population
1317. Hypophysectomy result in Cessation of growth
1318. Injection of mammalian grwoth hormone
result in
Increase in growth rate
1319. Thyroid hormone which increase grwoth Triodothyronine (T3)
1320. Improvement of food conversion
efficeincy of common Carp can be
brought by
Injecting Androgen
(Testosterone & 11 –
Ketotestosterone)
1321. The nos. of scales taken when determining
age of fish
10 scales
1322. These scales used for age determination
are called
Key scale
1323. Length at which there is no further grwoth
is called
Length at infinity
W (1000)
L3

68. Fish-la-iota
68
METHODS OF FISHING AND FISHING GEAR
1324. Fishing gear alongwith, vessal, auxilliary
equipment & man constitue
Fishing unit
1325. Entire period between launching of fishing
gear & launching it again after gap is
Fishing cycle
1326. Tradition craft in Tamil Catamaran (kattu –binding;
maram-wood)
1327. Small boat in W. Bengal & Orissa Dinghis
1328. Fishing spear is also called Konch
1329. Large carp & catfish are caught by Wounding gear
1330. Derris roof powder contain EK-Katya
1331. Chemical or plant posion effect Central narrows system or
peripheral N.S
1332. Simplest form of Line fishing Hand line
1333. Bait used in Line fishing for Wallago attu Cockroach
1334. Fish screen made of woven bamboo stick
are also called
Chachi
1335. Light used for catching f/w mullets Khoursla Jal
1336. Closed end of Triangular net which serve
as reservior is
Bhog
1337. Purse net is used for catching mainly Hilsa
1338. Purse net which can be set at any desired
depth
Shangla jal
1339. Peddu vala (Dragnet) is used in Telegu coast
1340. Ber jal (dragnet) is used in Orissa
1341. Periya valla (Dragnet) is used in Coromondel coast
1342. Kona jal (dragnet) used in Ganga is
specially useful in catching
Hilsa
1343. Dipnet (Fixed Bagnet) is used in Bombay coast

69. Fish-la-iota
69
1344. Fixed Bag net used in Gujarat Ghalu jal
1345. Fixed Bagnet used in Kerela Oonnivala
1346. Fixed Bagnet used in W. Bengal Behundi Jal
1347. Rampani (Shore seine) is a net of Kanwar coast
1348. Strong & coarse net are prepared from Hemp fibre (Crotalarea juncia)
1349. Remi is obtain form and or called Chinese grass
1350. Manila fibre is obtaiend from Abaca
1351. Polyamide is populry called Nylon
1352. Polyester is popularly called Terylene, Decron
1353. Polyvinyl chloride is popularly called
Plastic, Tetron Evilon
1354. Polyvinyl alcohol is popularly called Vinylon
1355. Polyacrylonitrite is popularly called Orlon, Darlon
1356. Trout deposit eggs in Crevices of stone & gravel
1357. Egg of Magur is Blue colour
1358. Eff of Singhi is Green colour
1359. Earthern vessel used for transporting fry
& fingerling in W. bengal are called
Hundies
1360. All varieteis of predatory and loecd fishes
are killed by applying Mahua oil cake at
200 – 250 ppm
1361. Gonad of teleost is undifferentiated
1362. In prawn, Gonad inhibiting Hormone is
produce by
X- organ in eye stalk
1363. In prawn Gonad inhibiting Hormone
inhibit
Vitellogenesis
1364. Fecundity of M. rosenbergii 1-5 lakhs
Juvenile size for stocking 20 – 60 mm size (prawn)

70. Fish-la-iota
70
1365. Brackish water in W. Bengal is called Bhasabadha or Bheries
1366. Japanese fish all over the world with giant
vessel and called
High sea fishing
1367. Highest marine fish production in India is
from
Kerela
2nd
Maharastra
1368. Generally pH of sea water is 7.5 – 8.4
1369. PH of sea water suitable for fish in India 8 – 8.3
1370. Surface temp of Arabian Sea ranges
usually
23 – 290
C
1371. Surface temp of Bay of Bengal ranges
usually
27 – 290
C
1372. In India Organic production is high along Andaman & Lakhshadeep
IMPORTOANT QUESTION AND NSWER
1373. There types of muscle (i) Striated (Live shell meat & fish
meat)
(ii) Smooth (Molluscs)
(iii) Hard (Intermediate)
1374. Fish muscle are (i) Ordinary (white meat)
(ii) Dark (Dark meat)
1375. Smallest unit of muscle Muscle fibre
1376. Muscle fibre are connected with each
other and bound by connective
tissue called
Endomysin
1377. Muscle fibre are connected with
other and bound by connective
tissue called endomysin and covered
by
Myocomata
1378. Muscle fibre dimension 50 – 60  (diameter); 5 – 6 mm
(length)

71. Fish-la-iota
71
1379. I-band is Light band (Isotropic under polarized
light)
1380. I-band in muscle is divided by Z-band (Z-disc)
1381. A –band is Dark band Anistropic under polarized
light
1382. A – band is divided by H – line (Hansen line)
1383. Line in the middle of H-line M-line
1384. Segment of fibril between two
adjacent Z-band
Sarcomere
1385. Morphological of myofibril Sarcomere
1386. Edible part of fish 45 – 50% of whole fish
1387. Quality of frozen fish is identified by Cell fragility method
1388. Actomyosin can be dissociated into
Actin & myosin by
ATpase or pyrophosphatase
1389. Myosin can be purely isolated by Chromatography method
1390. ATpase activity is influence by Na+
, Mg++
1391. Muscle contraction is regulated by Tropomyosin & Troponin
1392. Method for extracting tropomyosin Iso-electric point method (or)
Ammonium sulphate method
1393. Most heat soluble muscle protein Tropomyosin
1394. Rohu culture is dominant in Andra Pradesh
1395. Belly burst is common in Common carp
1396. Founder of Ichthyology Aristotle
1397. Most commonly used and latest
classification of fish
Berg (1940)
1398. Fishing Chinese is started in 1981
1399. Director of TASPARC DR. K. Johua
1400. F/W pearl culture is done in CIFA

72. Fish-la-iota
72
1401. Marine pearl & sea cucumber is
seeded in
CMFRI
1402. Deputy director general of ICAR
(Fishery)
K. Gopakumar
1403. First attempt to study Indian fish
fauna is by
Russel (1765 – 1789)
1404. Potential of Indian EEZ 4.5 million tones
1405. Condition factor of fish K =
1406. Gonadosomatic Index (GSI)
=
1407. GSI is used for study of Maturity & periodicity for predicting
breeding season
1408. Shark & Guppies are mostly Ovoviparous
1409. Velliger larvae of oyster feed on Chaetoceros
1410. About 80% total Marine fish catch
comes from
West Coast
1411. Marine (Sea) water contribute 97% of total water
1412. F/W contribute 3% of total water
1413. Salinity of Bay of Bengal 30 – 34%
1414. pH of ocean water 7.5 – 8.3
1415. The fish fauna of British India was
written by
Francis Day
1416. EEZ act come in 1976
1417. Maritime zone of India act come in 1981
1418. First person who did main Fishery
Survey
Alcoet (1869)
1419. Two research bases of India in
Antartica
Gangetri & Yamunotri
L3
W
 100
Ganadal weight
Total weight
 100

73. Fish-la-iota
73
1420. Brahma of Indian Fishery Frederick Nichelson (1998)
1421. Founding Father of Inland Fisheries Ceulion Henry
1422. First Fishery Director S.L. Hora
1423. Composite fish culture V.G. Jhingaran
1424. Female Thelycum of shrimp is
present in
Between 4th
to 5th
walking legs
1425. Oviduct of female shrimp is present At the base of 3rd
walking legs
1426. Nauphlius larvae of shrimp has 3 pairs of appendages
1427. Protozoea is PL to PL3 (3- 4 days old)
1428. Mysis stage of shrimp M1 – M3 ( 3 – 4 days old)
1429. Area of Andaman 0.60 million km2
1430. Global Marine fishery growth rate 1.64% (FAO – 1998)
1431. First culture items of Sea weed Laminaria japonica
1432. Nos. of Indian f/w fishes 327
1433. Biodiversity hot spot Western Ghats
1434. Leading shrimp producer Thailand
1435. Sardine fishery comprises 1/3rd
of Indian fishery
1436. Juvenile of Sardine is Zooplankton feeder
1437. Fecundity of sardine 38000 – 86000
1438. Pandi Outrigger boat
1439. Yendi Smaller shore since
1440. Egg of Mackerel is Pelagic
1441. New breed of Rohu Jayanthi was
introduce in
1998 by CIFE
1442. Channey programme is for Sea ranching
1443. Indian National Fisheries Day/Fish
Farmers Day
10th
July
1444. Male breed in fishes Sea horse

74. Fish-la-iota
74
1445. Director of CIFT Mr. Ravindrar
1446. Director of CIFNET C.P verghen
1447. Co-factor in hydroxyleton of protein
& lysine
Vit- C
1448. Collagen formation is mediated by Vit- C
1449. Tranched Sardine (Ambhygaster
swim) is caught by
Gill act
1450. Aflatoxin produced by Aspergilus sp
is
Hepatotoxins
1451. Labeo calbasu is Bottom feeder
1452. Air – breathing fishes are also called Live fish
1453. Thai magur Clarius garipinus
1454. Cat fish which is having shark tooth African catfish
1455. Culture of African catfish is banned
in
India
1456. Longest fish among claridae family C. garipinus
1457. World Food Day 16th
Oct.
1458. DHA, EPA & Linolenic acid are Wa Fatty Acid
1459. Arachidoniac acid WC Fatty Acid
1460. Deep sea lobster is Panulirus sewalli
1461. Nos. of pearl yielded by single oyster
in its life time
2 – 3
1462. CICFRI was set up in 1947 as research station
1463. CICFRI was affiliated as Institute in 1959
1464. Filling water bodies with smell sized
fish is
Runting
1465. Longivity of Sciaenids 7 – 8 yrs.
1466. Sciaenids fishery is highest in Gujarat

75. Fish-la-iota
75
1467. Polynemids constitute Major fishery
in
West Coast
1468. Leading producer of polynemid Gujarat (59%)
1469. Net used for catching polynemid Dolnet & Waghra gal
1470. In India, Polynamid fishery is Minor fishery
1471. Most important than in Lakshadweep Skip hack Tuna
1472. Top producing/landing state in India
(Tuna)
Kerela (>80%)
1473. Highest Tuna catched species Euthynnus affinis
1474. Xiphius glandius (Sword fish)
belongs to
Xiphidae
1475. CIBA is established in 1987
1476. National Research Centre for cold
water Fishery (NRCCWF) is in
Uttar Pradesh (Nainital)
1477. National Environmental Engineering
Research Institute (NEERI) is in
Nagpur
1478. Leading state in carps seed riverine
collection
W. Bengal
1479. Major producing state of pomfret Gujarat & Maharastra
1480. Black pomfrets/Brown pomfret
(Aplolectus nigir) belongs to
Apolectidae
1481. King fish belongs to Family Ranchicentridae
1482. Highest Catch of carangid fish is
from
T.N & Kerela
1483. Megalaspis cordyla is also called Torpedo travelly (or) False Mackerel
1484. Silver belly/pony fish belongs to Leiognathidae
1485. Catch of silver belly is high in East Coast (T.N, A.P. Kerela)
1486. Nos. of Ribbon fish species in India 4 species
1487. Indian halibut (Psettodes erumi) is
Caught by
?

76. Fish-la-iota
76
1488. Flat fish fishery is rich in West Cost (90%)
1489. Highest amount of cat fishes catches
is in
Kerela (31.8%)
1490. Gujarat Machwa boat
1491. Maharastra Padav boat
1492. Karnataka Outrigger ‘hodi’
1493. Kerela Odum
1494. Tamil Nadu Catamanran
1495. A.P. & Orissa Masula
1496. Leading producing state in Eel Maharastra & Gujarat
1497. Largest bacteria Thiomarganita nambiensis (Oxidise
Sulphide)
1498. Present carp seed production 2000 crores
1499. Petasma of male prawn is derived
from
Endopodite
1500. Thelycum of female prawn is derived
from
Sternus
1501. Andaman & Nicobar coast line 1912 kms
1502. Andaman & Nicobar continental
shelf
16000 sq. km
1503. Andaman & Nicobar EEZ 0.6 m km2
(30% of Indian EEZ)
1504. Galathia & kalpang river is in Andaman & Nicobar
1505. Deep sea carb Charybdis edwardselli
1506. Spineless cuttle fish Saptilla intermis
1507. Female reproductive gland of cuttle
fish
Nidamental gland (or) cuttle fish roe
1508. Nidamental gland of cuttle fish is
exported to
Europe

77. Fish-la-iota
77
1509. Sea cucumber (Beech –de-mer) also
called material medica” is exported
mainly to
China
1510. Horse shoe crab (Trachypterus
gigas) is Orissa coast is used in
Limulus Amoebcyte Lysate (LAL)
1511. Blood of Horse shoe crab is used as Medicine
1512. In food House shoe crab is used as Endotoxin taster
1513. All penaeid complete their life cycle
in
Sea & Estuary
1514. Exclusively marine prawn Parapaenopsis stylifera
1515. Female penaeids never carries Egg
1516. Eel grases Zostera
1517. Scylla serrata have 9 teeth on each side of carapace
1518. Characteristic of member of
Crossostrea genus of oyster
Promyl chamber (Space beneath
anterior region of shell)
1519. Cuttle fish is having Calcarious shell
1520. Squid is having Chitinous shell
1521. First powered offshore trawler of
Bombay in India is
Premier
1522. River system Mullet Rhinomugil corsula
1523. Megalops cyprinoids is Tarpoon
1524. Leptocephalus larvae of eel is Pelagic
1525. Elver of eel is Demersal
1526. Kona jal is a net especially for Hilsa
1527. Spat fixed mat kept on the ground is Claires (e.e Oyster ground)
1528. Seed of oyster (Spat) is collected by Clutch or Scallop shell
1529. Nos. of World fishing areas 19 (Marine) & 7 (F/W)
1530. Inland fish catch is highest in Asia

78. Fish-la-iota
78
1531. Inland fish catch is lowest in Australia
1532. Highest Inland fish producing
country
China
1533. Rank of India in Inland fish
production
2 nd
1534. Kolleru lake is in Andra Pradesh
1535. Walular lake is in Kashmir
1536. Flat slow flowing river Coarse Potamon
1537. In Ganga among IMC, most
abundant is
Mrigal
1538. Local Migrants in Dam Masheer & IMC
1539. Resident fish of Dam Common carp
1540. Heaviest f/w fish Bagarius bagarius (120 kg)
1541. Most toxic chemical for fish Organochloride endosulphun
1542. Net for egg collection Scoop not (Gamcha)
1543. The only river of India where egg
collection of Masheer is done
Normada
1544. Spawn collection net Shooting net
1545. Largest river of Orissa Mahandi
1546. Splake trout is a hybrid of Lake trout & Brook trout
1547. Area of Natural lake in India 0.72 million km2
1548. Classification of lake was given by Forell
(1) Polar lake - <40
C
(2) Temperate lake – 40
C
(3) Tropical lake - > 40
C
1549. World Longest Dam Hirakud (4803 m)
1550. Soft water lake has pH – 4 to 6

79. Fish-la-iota
79
1551. Medium hard lake has pH – 7.8
1552. Head water lake has pH – 8.3
1553. Damodar valley Reservior is in Bihar
1554. Minimum net size permitted in
Indian reservoir
30 mm
1555. Biggest reservoir in Rajasthan Rana Pratap Resrvior in River chant
1556. World Most Productive environment Wetland (Bheels) of Assam (1,00,000
ha)
1557. Pangasius pangassius feed on Mollusca
1558. Primary productivity of Macrophytes
is more than phyto-plankton in
Bheels
1559. Common type of estuary found in
India
Drowned River Valley
1560. Salinity 0.03 + 1.805  Cl (%)
1561. Most productive zone of Hooghly Matlah estuary – III Zone
1562. Fish disposal center in Mahandi is
called
Hats
1563. Dominated species in Mahandi Hilsa
1564. Dominated Species in Godavari
estuary
M. malcolmsonii
1565. Gulf of Cambay is in Narmada
1566. Entry area in chilka lake Mugger Mukch
1567. Non-net gear used in chilka Janos
1568. Padu system of fishing is practiced in Pulicat lake
1569. Fresh water dinoflagellates Penolorina volvox
1570. Major problem in backwater Salvinia
1571. First country to culture fish Egypt (25000 BC)

80. Fish-la-iota
80
1572. Temporary hardness is caused by CaHCO3 & MgHCO3
1573. Permanent hardness is caused by Ca, MgCO3 & CaSO4
1574. Phosphorus level of productive water 0.2 ppm
1575. Most abundant ion in f/w Ca++
& Mg++
1576. Deposition of CaCO3 in f/w is
referred is
Marl
1577. Cladophora balls is made of CaCO3
1578. Essential mineral for chlorophyll
bearing plants
Mg
1579. Benthic organism which is having
rooted attachment to substrates
Rhizobenthos
1580. Organism which attached to
immersed substrate
Hapto benthos
1581. Entomophagus (Feed in seed) Anabas testudineus
1582. Chile salt peter NaNO3 (has 16% Nitrogen)
1583. Guano is Liquid manure
1584. Disease caused by Poultry Manure Gill rot
1585. Wet bundh is used only in W. Bengal
1586. Dry bundh is used in W. Bengal & Madhya Pradesh
1587. First person with succeed in
hypophysation in Argentina is
Houssay (1980)
1588. Trade name of HCG is Physex
1589. Egg of catla is Red yolk
1590. Egg of Rohu is Blue yolk
1591. Egg os Mrigal White yolk
1592. Egg of Magur & Singhi Greenish, oval & adhesive
1593. Channa & Koi have Floating egg

81. Fish-la-iota
81
1594. Clupidae fishes have Segmented yolk sac
1595. Anabantidae fishes have Un segmented yolk sac
1596. Channidae fishes have Oblong yolk sac
1597. Tub hatchery is M.P
1598. Aquatic insect form <4% of total insect
1599. Water Stick insect is Ranatra
1600. Polyculture is started in China
1601. Leading fish consuming state W. Bengal
1602. Narcotozing agent MS222 Quinaldine
1603. Would most extensive cultured fish Cyprinus carpio
1604. Science dealing with Dung & filth Coprology
1605. Gill rot is caused by Branchiomyces (Fungi)
1606. Furanculsosis of salmon is caused by Aeromonas salmicida
1607. Black spot disease is caused by Diginetic Trematod
1608. Argulus is also called Carp lice
1609. Lernea is also called Anchorworm
1610. Gas bubble disease is due to Asphyxiation
1611. Production of FFDA 2000 kg/ha
1612. Among IMC which fish doesn’t
accept artificial feed readily
Catla
1613. Fish feed should have 8 k. Cal/gm of protein
1614. Amount of fish catch from Arabian
Sea
75% of fish catch of India
1615. Mechanised boat in Maximum in Moharastra
1616. Non-mechanised boat maximum in Tamil Nadu
1617. Tamil Nadu coast is also called Coromandel coast

82. Fish-la-iota
82
1618. Highest producer of penaeid prawn Kerela
1619. Weight contributed by Air bladder in
1620. F/W fish
7% of body wt.
1621. Weight contributed by Air bladder in
Marine fish
5% of body wt.
1622. Fish heart divided into 2 chamber by Pericardium
1623. Sinus venous receive Impure blood toward auricle
1624. Sub-order of shrimp Natantia
1625. Sub-order of crab/lobster Raptantia
1626. Arrow worms Cheatognaths eg: sagitta
1627. Auricularia is a larvae of Sea cucumber
1628. Planula is larvae of Coral
1629. Largest lake in the world Caspian Sea
1630. Marine fish oil have C18, C20, C22 acid
1631. F/W fishes oil have C16 & C18
1632. Amount of DHA in PUFA 70%
1633. Amount of EPA in OUFA 28%
1634. Artemia belongs to order Ariostraea
1635. Length of Artemia nauphluis 0.4 mm
1636. Unicellular algae Chlamydomonas
1637. Freeze drying is also called Lyophilisation
1638. Size of Adult artemia 1 – 2 cms
1639. Ctenophores (Pleurobranch) are Sea Goose berry
1640. Larvae of Barnacle Cypris larvae
1641. Cryptonisid larvae is a Isopod larvae
1642. Kakyptoris is a larvae of Euphausid

83. Fish-la-iota
83
1643. Echinosperia is larvae of Cowrie shell
1644. Indian ocean water contribute 20% of world water
1645. Vit – D is maximum in Bony fish & Shark
1646. Parthenogenesis is found in Poecillia fermosa
1647. Diatom is identified by Joseph Hokker
1648. Plankton is studied and name it so
by
Victor Hansen
1649. Flow meter is developed by Harregs
1650. Vitamin needed by phytoplankton Vit – B12
1651. Zooplankton culture technique Plunger Jar & Funnbench flask
1652. Zooplankton culture in done by Allen & Nelson
1653. Biurette method of protein estimation
is developed by
Bamst
1654. Growth rate of zooplankton
measured by
RNA study
1655. The word smog is coined by H.A. Voeux ?
1656. PH of Acid Rain < 5.6
1657. Larvae of Aurelia Planula
1658. Larvae of Bryozoan Cyphonautis
1659. Larvae of Star fish Bipplararia
1660. Word Ecology is coined by Reiter
1661. Word Ecosystem is coined by Tansley
1662. Hilsa feed on Hemidiscus sp.
1663. Non – living suspended organic
matter is
Tripton
1664. Average depth of ocean 3800 m
1665. Antarctica Expedition is started by James Ross

84. Fish-la-iota
84
1666. Father of oceanography Edward Forbes
1667. Chromosome number of common
carp
51 pairs
1668. World environment Day 5th
June
1669. Chief of Indo-Norwegian Project Devdas Menon
1670. Freshwater Aquaculture Research &
Training Centre is in
Bhubaneshwar
1671. Largest Market of ornamental fish USA
1672. Origin of Barb India
1673. Fish which is least sensitive to
suspended solid
Common carp
1674. Fish which is most sensitive to
suspended solid
Brown trout
1675. Increase urine production due to
increase ammonia concentration is
called
Diurasis
1676. Common & Best method for control
of oil pollution is
Mechanical method (by skimmer
which have polyurathin foam)
1677. Organophosphate is Neurotoxic
1678. Organophosphate does not deposit in Fatty tissue
1679. Organochloride affect Central nervous system
1680. Organochloride deposited in Adipose tissue
1681. Benthos are directly affected by Liver & kidney
1681. Concentration of metal in animal
increase at higher trophic level due
to
Biomagnification
1682. More toxic form of mercury Organic mercury
1683. Form of mercury that cannot
penetrate blood
Inorganic form
1684. Form of mercury that cause brain
damage
Vapour form

85. Fish-la-iota
85
1685. Most dangerous mercury among
organic form
Alkyl mercury
1686. Organic mercury (1) Phenyl mercury [phenyl mercuric
Acetate) (PMA)]
(2) Methoxy mercury [Methyl /Etty* /
Mercuric Acid (MEM) ]
(3) Alkyl mercury [Methyl/Mercuric
Acetate (MMA)]
1687. Amount of Mercury in Marine fish
body
0.01 – 0.08 ppm
1688. Amount of Mercury in F/W fish
body
0.2 ppm
1689. Utilization of Sewage stated /a India
from
1925 in W. Bengal
1690. Leptocepholus larvae is Stenohaline
1691. Young eel (elver) is Stenohaline
1692. Culture of eel is more prominent in Japan & Taiwan
1693. Eleven is caught by Dip net (or) plankton net
1694. Stocking density of elver 5000 elvers/meter3
1695. Dose of DOCA for induced breeding
of cat fish
5 mg/100 gm wt of body
1696. Hydrophobic solute will concentrate
on top of fractionator in
Foam fraction filter
1697. Activated carbon bed is used in Carbon filter
1698. 2 filter area in carbon filter Absorption area & exhaustion area
1699. Point where adsorption are begins to
shrink
Break point
1700. Zeolite is used in Ion exchange filter
1701. Zeolite is hydrated silicate of Al, Na, Ca or their combination
1702. In lon exchange filter only F/W is used