Fishing gear refers to equipment used to catch fish and includes both active gears like trawls that guide fish into the path and passive gears like nets that fish must swim into. Common fishing methods include using various nets like gill nets, traps, hooks and lines, and trawl nets. Trawl nets are large cone-shaped nets towed along the seabed that can catch bottom, demersal, and pelagic species but also disturb the seabed and result in bycatch. Other fishing methods include using fish screens, fish attraction devices, and electrical fishing.
Fishing is the art of catching fish and other aquatic animals. Many years ago man started using various type of gear used for hunting the terrestrial animals and for fishing also. It is very difficult to say which started first, but some time it is opined that fishing is younger. Reason behind it is easy to catch animals in the land than in the water. In olden days fishing was not having much importance as there was no demand for fish. Earlier fishing was restricted to a particular community but it is not so now. In order to meet the increased demand, fishing is now carried out industrially. Fishing technology not only concerns fishing gear, fishing methods and vessels but also concern Biological and Environmental factors
Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing method.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Fishing is the art of catching fish and other aquatic animals. Many years ago man started using various type of gear used for hunting the terrestrial animals and for fishing also. It is very difficult to say which started first, but some time it is opined that fishing is younger. Reason behind it is easy to catch animals in the land than in the water. In olden days fishing was not having much importance as there was no demand for fish. Earlier fishing was restricted to a particular community but it is not so now. In order to meet the increased demand, fishing is now carried out industrially. Fishing technology not only concerns fishing gear, fishing methods and vessels but also concern Biological and Environmental factors
Various parameter have been used by different authors for classification of fishing gear and fish catching methods. According to Hardy (1947) - Hardy best his classification on fishing method like luring, snaring and attacking.According to Umali (1950)- Umali classified fishing gear of Philippines as non-textile device and textile device.According to Davis (1958) – Davis made an effort to classified gears of England without drawing definite line of demarcation.According to Dumont and Sundstrom (1961) – commercial fishing gears of united state where classified based on similarity of types.According to Andres Von Brandt (1972) – Von Brandt classified the fish catching methods of the world on the basis of how the fish are catch. The subgroups of Von Brandt 1972 classification are made on parameter like material construction and method of operation. International Standard Statistical Classification of Fishing Gear (ISSCFG-1980) has classified the fishing gear in accordance with the internationally recognized standard Von Brandt 1972 classification is the most popular one and is universally accept.Andres Von Brandt has classified is fish catching methods of the world in to 16 major groups based on how the fish are caught.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Phone: 9010705687
Fishing gears are defined as tools used to capture marine/aquatic resources, whereas how the gear is used is the fishing method.
A fishing gear is the tool with which aquatic resources are captured, whereas the fishing method is how the gear is used. Gear also includes harvesting organisms.
Dr. K. Rama Rao
Department of Zoology
Govt, Degree College
TEKKALI; Srikakulam Dt: A.P.
Fishing gears
Dredges.
Gillnets and similar nets.
Hooks and lines.
Pots and traps.
Seines.
Surrounding nets and lift nets.
Trawls.
Data sources.
Fishing gears are commonly classified into two main categories: passive and active. This classification is based on the relative behavior of the target species and the fishing gear.
Almost any equipment or gear used in fishing can be called fishing tackle, examples being hooks, lines, baits/lures, rods, reels, floats, sinkers/feeders, nets, stringers/keepnets/live wells, spears, gaffs, traps, waders, and tackle boxes, as well as any wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners, clevises and tools
Traps are fishing devices into which fish or shellfish are enticed by bait or shelter spaces or enclosures where they are guided to enter, because of an obstacle placed in their normal migration path and from which their escape is made difficult by constriction, retarding valves or labyrinths.
Trap fishing is a passive fishing technique of ancient origin. There is extraordinary variety in their design, fabrication and operation.
So this is a visual PPT, made with reference book - Applied Fishery Science By S.M Shafi and most of the data was collected from FAO and CMFRI . Molluscan fisheries here in this PPT is related with India so most of the organisms are indigenous. Have a look . It would be pictorial but once you know about the topic it's the best
Traditional fishing Craft of India by Ashish sahuAshish sahu
Fishing crafts are most essential for catching the fish in large scale in water bodies. A large variety of crafts (boats) have been designed for marine and inland fishing in India. The types of fishing crafts of India falls under two general categories. These are Non –mechanized and mechanized fishing crafts.
Based on the topographical variations and difference in habits and habitats of fishing, different types of crafts and gears are used in various inland water system of India. The simplest and most primitive types of craft used for fishing in inland water are the rafts and songas, operated in calm water. In the larger rivers and estuaries subject to strong current and tidal movement, sturdier plank boats are used.
Definition
Fishing vessel is a floating device used for fishing activities like, fishing, fish transportation, Research and training purpose.
Fishing Gear any form of equipment, implement, tool or mechanical device used to catch, collect or harvest fish. Fishermen in many parts of Bangladesh catch fish with their hands. In rural areas, in seasonal waters or beels, during winter, people can be usually seen fishing with different traditional gears while some even do so without any gear
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
This Is a Useful PDF describing various Fishing informatio, fishing terminology and fishing techniques, which will hopefully make it easier for yyour hatteras fishing experience!
http://hatterasfishingreport.com/
Fishing gears
Dredges.
Gillnets and similar nets.
Hooks and lines.
Pots and traps.
Seines.
Surrounding nets and lift nets.
Trawls.
Data sources.
Fishing gears are commonly classified into two main categories: passive and active. This classification is based on the relative behavior of the target species and the fishing gear.
Almost any equipment or gear used in fishing can be called fishing tackle, examples being hooks, lines, baits/lures, rods, reels, floats, sinkers/feeders, nets, stringers/keepnets/live wells, spears, gaffs, traps, waders, and tackle boxes, as well as any wire, snaps, beads, spoons, blades, spinners, clevises and tools
Traps are fishing devices into which fish or shellfish are enticed by bait or shelter spaces or enclosures where they are guided to enter, because of an obstacle placed in their normal migration path and from which their escape is made difficult by constriction, retarding valves or labyrinths.
Trap fishing is a passive fishing technique of ancient origin. There is extraordinary variety in their design, fabrication and operation.
So this is a visual PPT, made with reference book - Applied Fishery Science By S.M Shafi and most of the data was collected from FAO and CMFRI . Molluscan fisheries here in this PPT is related with India so most of the organisms are indigenous. Have a look . It would be pictorial but once you know about the topic it's the best
Traditional fishing Craft of India by Ashish sahuAshish sahu
Fishing crafts are most essential for catching the fish in large scale in water bodies. A large variety of crafts (boats) have been designed for marine and inland fishing in India. The types of fishing crafts of India falls under two general categories. These are Non –mechanized and mechanized fishing crafts.
Based on the topographical variations and difference in habits and habitats of fishing, different types of crafts and gears are used in various inland water system of India. The simplest and most primitive types of craft used for fishing in inland water are the rafts and songas, operated in calm water. In the larger rivers and estuaries subject to strong current and tidal movement, sturdier plank boats are used.
Definition
Fishing vessel is a floating device used for fishing activities like, fishing, fish transportation, Research and training purpose.
Fishing Gear any form of equipment, implement, tool or mechanical device used to catch, collect or harvest fish. Fishermen in many parts of Bangladesh catch fish with their hands. In rural areas, in seasonal waters or beels, during winter, people can be usually seen fishing with different traditional gears while some even do so without any gear
All the freshwater prawns that have been cultured so far belong to the genus Macrobrachium , Bate 1868, the largest genus of the family Palaemonidae. About 200 species have been described, almost all of which live in freshwater at least for part of their life.
The giant river prawn, Macrobrachium rosenbergii , was one of the first species to become scientifically known , the first recognizable illustration appearing in 1705. The nomenclature of freshwater prawns, both on a generic and a species level has had quite a muddled history. In the past, generic names have included Cancer (Astacus) and Palaemon. Previous names of M. rosenbergii have included Palaemon carcinus, P. dacqueti and P. rosenbergii ( De Man 1879) became universally accepted.
CAGE CULTURE OF FISH THEIR TREND,STATUS AND PRODUCTION Ashish sahu
Cage culture is an aquaculture production system where fish are held in Cage. Cage culture of fish utilizes existing water resources but encloses the fish in a cage which allows water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body. Cages are used to culture several types of shell fish and finfish species in fresh, brackish and marine waters. Cages in freshwaters are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing.
In 1950s modern cage culture began with the initiation of production of synthetic materials for cage construction. Fish production in cages became highly popular among the small or limited resource farmers who are looking for alternatives to traditional agricultural crops. The mesh size of the cage is kept smaller than the fish body. In India cage culture have been attempted first for Air breathing fish. Cage mesh netting made from synthetic material that can resist decomposition in water for a long period of time. Cage are used to culture several type of shell fish and fin fishes in fresh , brackish and marine water. Cage in fresh water are used for food fish culture and for fry to fingerling rearing. Cages are generally small, ranging in freshwater reservoirs from 1 square meter (m2) to 500 m2.
Definition –
Cage culture is a system in which the cultured Fish 0r animal are enclosed from all side allowing water to pass freely through the enclosures and the surrounding water body.
HISTORY-
Cage culture seem to have developed around 200 year ago in Cambodia where fisherman used to keep clarias spp. And some other fishes in bamboo made cage. Cage culture is traditional in part of Indonesia also attempted for the first time in air breathing fishes in swamp for raising major carp in running water in the river, Yamuna and Ganga at Allahabad and for raising Common carp , Catla , Silver carp, Rohu , Snakehead and Tilapia in still water body of Karnataka. In India sea cage start in 2007 for culture sea bass at Vishakhapatnam by CMFRI. anchored in streams which are practically open sewers. Common carp , where cage are in the southern USA. Around 80 species are being culture in cage. In India cage culture was initially culture in bamboo cage is practice in west java, since early 1940. Modern cage culture in open water bodies probably originated in Japan in early 1950. According to FAO cage culture is being practiced in more than 62 countries and has a become high tech business in developed countries such as floating and submerged cage culture of Salmonids in Norway, Canada and Scotland, Tuna and Yellowtails in Japan , Chinese carp in China, and catfish.
This Is a Useful PDF describing various Fishing informatio, fishing terminology and fishing techniques, which will hopefully make it easier for yyour hatteras fishing experience!
http://hatterasfishingreport.com/
Trawling is the operation of towing a net to catch fish, and the basic requirements for operating the trawl-net are sufficient power to tow the net , a means of holding the mouth of the net open while towing, a system of wires to connect the net and gear to the source of towing power and the ability to cast and haul the net .
Gill net
Trawl
Purse seine net
Hooks and lines
TED (turtle exclusion devices)
Non-conventional fishing methods:
light fishing; hose pipe fishing; electric fishing.
Pelagic (surface/open ocean) gillnets are systems of netting with highly specific mesh sizes. Gillnets as long as 2.5km, are placed vertically in the water column with the use of buoys and weights. These nets may be anchored or allowed to drift with prevailing currents, intercepting migrating sharks and fishes such as tuna and mackeral. Large fish become entangled or gilled in the net (commonly around the gills), whilst smaller fish are able to pass through the designated mesh size.
Spearing, Harpooning and Shooting fish.pptxMurabiyaUdit
In very old age time there are not that much development in fishing technology. The fishing spear its simplest form and it is the fisherman’s most primitive gear. The range and capacity of humans to seize living fish by some means from a distance, is limited by the length of his arm. Harpoons are widely used in fisheries.
This gear has replaced the older spears in many instances and is used in large fishing, small scale fishing and in sport fishing
Eco-Friendly Fishing Lures: One of the best ways to practice sustainable fishing is to use biodegradable fishing lures. Since rubber doesn’t break down, in the water or in a fish’s stomach, a good substitute is biodegradable plastic that will dissolve over time. An added perk to these eco-friendly options is that the soft lures can be made in all colors and designs to attract your target fish just as effectively as traditional lures.
Eco Fishing Weights: Not only is lead toxic to humans, but it’s dangerous for fish as well, causing both physical and behavioral changes. That’s why many manufacturers today produce sinkers made from safer materials that will cause less damage if ingested or left in the water. Some common substitutes used in non-toxic weights are brass, steel, tungsten or tin. You’ll also want to make sure they’re chip resistant to prevent paint loss in the water. And remember that while these variations may be a little more expensive than lead lures, the benefits outweigh the costs.
Eco Fishing Line: Like lures, anglers today can opt for biodegradable monofilament line fishing line that breaks down faster yet still has the same performance characteristics as regular line. Even if you don’t have biodegradable line, you can take steps to properly dispose of your traditional line to reduce your impact on the environment. For example, many bait shops, fishing access points, piers and other spots have designated collection bins for discarded monofilament and fluorocarbon fishing line.
Other Eco Fishing Tackle and Equipment: Anglers have several other eco-friendly options nowadays. For example, when you’re choosing hooks, opt for circle hooks instead of J-hooks to minimize internal damage if you’re practicing catch and release. Look for rigs made of materials like glass beads. Pick knotless nets. Instead of using fresh bait collected from fish habitats, choose artificial. And when you’re picking out other gear like waders, bags or boxes, look for those made from recycled materials.
ECO-FRIENDLY ANGLING
Beyond fishing gear, there are other ways to practice eco-friendly fishing. If you catch and release, in addition to choosing barbless circle hooks, be sure to use the right eco-friendly fishing lures for the species to avoid exhausting the fish, keep your catch wet and limit the time the fish stays out of the water to increase the chance of survival.
It’s also important to pay attention to the area around you. Take your trash with you to prevent fish and other wildlife from eating or getting caught in your rubbish. If you’re boating, consider rowing or paddling a canoe rather than a motorized choice. If you do go in a power boat, be careful when you’re navigating over fragile habitats and be careful to prevent fuel spills.
Willie Nelson Net Worth: A Journey Through Music, Movies, and Business Venturesgreendigital
Willie Nelson is a name that resonates within the world of music and entertainment. Known for his unique voice, and masterful guitar skills. and an extraordinary career spanning several decades. Nelson has become a legend in the country music scene. But, his influence extends far beyond the realm of music. with ventures in acting, writing, activism, and business. This comprehensive article delves into Willie Nelson net worth. exploring the various facets of his career that have contributed to his large fortune.
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Introduction
Willie Nelson net worth is a testament to his enduring influence and success in many fields. Born on April 29, 1933, in Abbott, Texas. Nelson's journey from a humble beginning to becoming one of the most iconic figures in American music is nothing short of inspirational. His net worth, which estimated to be around $25 million as of 2024. reflects a career that is as diverse as it is prolific.
Early Life and Musical Beginnings
Humble Origins
Willie Hugh Nelson was born during the Great Depression. a time of significant economic hardship in the United States. Raised by his grandparents. Nelson found solace and inspiration in music from an early age. His grandmother taught him to play the guitar. setting the stage for what would become an illustrious career.
First Steps in Music
Nelson's initial foray into the music industry was fraught with challenges. He moved to Nashville, Tennessee, to pursue his dreams, but success did not come . Working as a songwriter, Nelson penned hits for other artists. which helped him gain a foothold in the competitive music scene. His songwriting skills contributed to his early earnings. laying the foundation for his net worth.
Rise to Stardom
Breakthrough Albums
The 1970s marked a turning point in Willie Nelson's career. His albums "Shotgun Willie" (1973), "Red Headed Stranger" (1975). and "Stardust" (1978) received critical acclaim and commercial success. These albums not only solidified his position in the country music genre. but also introduced his music to a broader audience. The success of these albums played a crucial role in boosting Willie Nelson net worth.
Iconic Songs
Willie Nelson net worth is also attributed to his extensive catalog of hit songs. Tracks like "Blue Eyes Crying in the Rain," "On the Road Again," and "Always on My Mind" have become timeless classics. These songs have not only earned Nelson large royalties but have also ensured his continued relevance in the music industry.
Acting and Film Career
Hollywood Ventures
In addition to his music career, Willie Nelson has also made a mark in Hollywood. His distinctive personality and on-screen presence have landed him roles in several films and television shows. Notable appearances include roles in "The Electric Horseman" (1979), "Honeysuckle Rose" (1980), and "Barbarosa" (1982). These acting gigs have added a significant amount to Willie Nelson net worth.
Television Appearances
Nelson's char
Diabetes is a rapidly and serious health problem in Pakistan. This chronic condition is associated with serious long-term complications, including higher risk of heart disease and stroke. Aggressive treatment of hypertension and hyperlipideamia can result in a substantial reduction in cardiovascular events in patients with diabetes 1. Consequently pharmacist-led diabetes cardiovascular risk (DCVR) clinics have been established in both primary and secondary care sites in NHS Lothian during the past five years. An audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery at the clinics was conducted in order to evaluate practice and to standardize the pharmacists’ documentation of outcomes. Pharmaceutical care issues (PCI) and patient details were collected both prospectively and retrospectively from three DCVR clinics. The PCI`s were categorized according to a triangularised system consisting of multiple categories. These were ‘checks’, ‘changes’ (‘change in drug therapy process’ and ‘change in drug therapy’), ‘drug therapy problems’ and ‘quality assurance descriptors’ (‘timer perspective’ and ‘degree of change’). A verified medication assessment tool (MAT) for patients with chronic cardiovascular disease was applied to the patients from one of the clinics. The tool was used to quantify PCI`s and pharmacist actions that were centered on implementing or enforcing clinical guideline standards. A database was developed to be used as an assessment tool and to standardize the documentation of achievement of outcomes. Feedback on the audit of the pharmaceutical care delivery and the database was received from the DCVR clinic pharmacist at a focus group meeting.
"Understanding the Carbon Cycle: Processes, Human Impacts, and Strategies for...MMariSelvam4
The carbon cycle is a critical component of Earth's environmental system, governing the movement and transformation of carbon through various reservoirs, including the atmosphere, oceans, soil, and living organisms. This complex cycle involves several key processes such as photosynthesis, respiration, decomposition, and carbon sequestration, each contributing to the regulation of carbon levels on the planet.
Human activities, particularly fossil fuel combustion and deforestation, have significantly altered the natural carbon cycle, leading to increased atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations and driving climate change. Understanding the intricacies of the carbon cycle is essential for assessing the impacts of these changes and developing effective mitigation strategies.
By studying the carbon cycle, scientists can identify carbon sources and sinks, measure carbon fluxes, and predict future trends. This knowledge is crucial for crafting policies aimed at reducing carbon emissions, enhancing carbon storage, and promoting sustainable practices. The carbon cycle's interplay with climate systems, ecosystems, and human activities underscores its importance in maintaining a stable and healthy planet.
In-depth exploration of the carbon cycle reveals the delicate balance required to sustain life and the urgent need to address anthropogenic influences. Through research, education, and policy, we can work towards restoring equilibrium in the carbon cycle and ensuring a sustainable future for generations to come.
UNDERSTANDING WHAT GREEN WASHING IS!.pdfJulietMogola
Many companies today use green washing to lure the public into thinking they are conserving the environment but in real sense they are doing more harm. There have been such several cases from very big companies here in Kenya and also globally. This ranges from various sectors from manufacturing and goes to consumer products. Educating people on greenwashing will enable people to make better choices based on their analysis and not on what they see on marketing sites.
Natural farming @ Dr. Siddhartha S. Jena.pptxsidjena70
A brief about organic farming/ Natural farming/ Zero budget natural farming/ Subash Palekar Natural farming which keeps us and environment safe and healthy. Next gen Agricultural practices of chemical free farming.
Micro RNA genes and their likely influence in rice (Oryza sativa L.) dynamic ...Open Access Research Paper
Micro RNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs molecules having approximately 18-25 nucleotides, they are present in both plants and animals genomes. MiRNAs have diverse spatial expression patterns and regulate various developmental metabolisms, stress responses and other physiological processes. The dynamic gene expression playing major roles in phenotypic differences in organisms are believed to be controlled by miRNAs. Mutations in regions of regulatory factors, such as miRNA genes or transcription factors (TF) necessitated by dynamic environmental factors or pathogen infections, have tremendous effects on structure and expression of genes. The resultant novel gene products presents potential explanations for constant evolving desirable traits that have long been bred using conventional means, biotechnology or genetic engineering. Rice grain quality, yield, disease tolerance, climate-resilience and palatability properties are not exceptional to miRN Asmutations effects. There are new insights courtesy of high-throughput sequencing and improved proteomic techniques that organisms’ complexity and adaptations are highly contributed by miRNAs containing regulatory networks. This article aims to expound on how rice miRNAs could be driving evolution of traits and highlight the latest miRNA research progress. Moreover, the review accentuates miRNAs grey areas to be addressed and gives recommendations for further studies.
Artificial Reefs by Kuddle Life Foundation - May 2024punit537210
Situated in Pondicherry, India, Kuddle Life Foundation is a charitable, non-profit and non-governmental organization (NGO) dedicated to improving the living standards of coastal communities and simultaneously placing a strong emphasis on the protection of marine ecosystems.
One of the key areas we work in is Artificial Reefs. This presentation captures our journey so far and our learnings. We hope you get as excited about marine conservation and artificial reefs as we are.
Please visit our website: https://kuddlelife.org
Our Instagram channel:
@kuddlelifefoundation
Our Linkedin Page:
https://www.linkedin.com/company/kuddlelifefoundation/
and write to us if you have any questions:
info@kuddlelife.org
3. NO Topic Name
01 Prelude
02 Fishing gear
03 Method of fishing
04 Fishing by gear
05 Fishing screens
06
07
Fishing traps
08 Hooks and lines
09 Net fishing
10 Types of net
11 Trawl net
12 Classification of trawl net
13 Advantage and disadvantage of trawl net
4. Prelude:
Fish is the major source of animal protein in the diet of the people of
Bangladesh contributing 60% of the total animal protein supply. The per capita
demand for consumption of fish is 19.30 kg per annum in 2013-2014 (DoF, 2015).
Marine fisheries contribute 16.78% of total fish production of Bangladesh (DoF, 2015).
Marine fisheries are divided into industrial and artisanal fisheries. Industrial
fisheries based on trawl fishery (shrimp & fish), which contributes only 12.93% and
artisanal fisheries contribute 87.07% of the total marine landings (DoF, 2015). In the
year of 2013-2014, the total marine fish production was 5, 95,385 metric tons of
which 5, 18,500 metric tons comes from artisanal fishing (DoF, 2015). The future of
fisheries is very much dependent on fishing gear selection, mode of operation,
fishermen’s number, intensity of fishing and level of exploitation.
5. Fishing Gears:
Fishing gear refers to any form of equipment, implement, tool
or mechanical device used to catch, collect or harvest fish.
Active gears:
• Fishers usually guide the gear into the path of the fish.
• e.g., trawls, dredges, seine nets
Passive gears:
• The fish has to come to the gear.
• Hooks Detailed knowledge of fish behaviour is needed to
successfully construct and locate passive fishing gears.
• e.g., gillnets, traps, some types of hooks
.
6. Method of Fishing:
On the basis of use of gear, fishing are of basic
two types -:
1) Fishing by gear (Gear Fishing)
2) Fishing without gear (Hand Fishing)
Fishing by Gear
1) Fish Screens
2) Fish Traps
3) Line Fishing
4) Net Fishing
5) Fish Attraction Devices (FADs)
6) Electrical Fishing
7.
8. Fish Screens
The screen are set to surrounded a shallow tidal
area at the time of high floods. When the flood
water recedes the fish are left behind in the
muddy pool and are collected.
Screen are also set to mark off shallow areas of
river.
By this method is employed to catch Carps,
Catfish, Murrells etc.
9.
10. Fish Traps
*Various type of traps are used to catch of fish
which are allowed and prevent from escaping of
fish.
* It is also called as Cover-pot or Basket trap.
* A large number of fisherman are together in
muddy water by this method.
*Live fishes like : Channa, H. fossilis, Clarias
batrachus are easily catch by trapping
11.
12. Hooks & Line Fishing
* Long-lining is one of the most fuel-efficient catching
methods.
* This method is used to capture all type of fishes and also
able to perform in Rivers, Sea, Ponds, Lacks, Pools etc.
* The lines may be set vertically in the water column, or
horizontally along the bottom.
* The size of fish and the species caught is determined by
hook size and the type of bait used.
13. Types of Lining Fish
Catching
*Lining is a modern fishing method. Modern fishing lines are usually
made from artificial substances.
* Lining method are basically divided into three types -:
1) Drop lining - A Dropline usually shorter than longlines and
have fewer hooks. Droplines have a weight at the bottom and a float
at the top.
2) Handlining - It is a single fishing line method by a single
person. Handlining can be done from boats or from the shore.
3) Longlining - is a commercial technique that uses a long
heavy fishing line with a series of hundreds or even thousands of
baited hooks hanging from the main line by means of branch lines
called "snoods". Longlines are usually operated from specialized boats
called longlines.
14.
15. Net Fishing
* Netting is the principal method of commercial
fishing.
* The most common form of fishing for recreational
fishers is “net” called netting. It is mostly used by
commercial fisherman to catch fish in large scales.
* While there are many types of nets, all rely on the
fish
getting snared or caught in the net's mesh. Nets are
typically long, narrow and flat, weighted at the
bottom
edge and supported at the top edge by floats.
16. Types of
Net
1) Dip net or Lift net
2) Cast net
3) Purse net
4) Drag net
5) Shore sienes or Rampani net
6) Trawl net
17. Dip Net or Lift Net
*Dip net are formed in a several shapes like :
square
or rectangular, triangular, etc.
* Dip net lowered into the water in the hope that
fish would swim over them and lifted out of water.
8 Lift nets can be categorized into four names -:
1) Hela Jal
2) Kharra Jal
3) Bhesal Jal
4) Khoursal Jal
19. Cast Net
*It is also called “Ghagaria Jal”.
* It is a circular net which is looks like the
umbrella shape.
* It is extensively used in ponds and rivers and
all along the sea coast.
* It is can’t be used in weedy place or rocky
bottom place.
21. Purse net
*It is a purse shaped net and operated from a boat.
* The net is then "pursed", drawing the bottom closed
and entrapping the fish.
* Purse nets cannot be used by recreational fishers.
* Two kinds of purse net are used to catching fishes-
1) Kharki Jal
2) Shangla Jal
23. Drag net
*Drag nets are held apart with triangular bamboo
frame & pushed manually to fish traditional water of
river ,beels & flood plains locally called moijal.
GILL NET
* It is also known “Fixed Net”.
* Gill nets are walls of netting which may be set at or below
the surface, on the water bed, or at any depth in between.
* Gill netting is probably the oldest form of net fishing,
having been in use for thousands of years.
* Netting is almost invisible, fish swim right into it; and their
gills get caught
24. DRIFT NET
• Large floating nets
• Unbreakable and invisible to most sea
species
• likely to entangle large pelagic species :
dolphins, whales, sharks, turtles, and rays.
• Driftnets have earned the nickname “walls of
death”.
•
26. Shore sienes or Rampani
net:
* Rampani nets are a wall of net divided into three
layers.
* An inner fine-meshed net is sandwiched between
two outer, larger meshed nets.
* Rampani Net are also two types -:
1) Fixed Rampani Bag Net
2) Moveable Rampani Net
28. Trawl Net
It is a bag net of synthetic twine which is drawn along the sea-bed to harvest fish
on or near the bottom.
*It is under nets
Active Fishing Gear
Cone Shaped Body
Most Versatile Fishing Technique
Trawl net can be operated at the surface, mid-water, bottom.
Sea water > Fresh water bodies.
Not used in artisanal fisheries.
30. Classification of Trawl
1. Based on mouth opening device
a) Beam trawl
b) Bull trawl
c) Otter trawl
2. Based on the depth of operation
a) Bottom trawl
b) Mid water trawl/Pelagic trawl
3. Based on the construction pattern
a) Two seam trawl
b) Four seam trawl
c) Six seam trawl
31. BEAM TRAWLING
Beam trawling is one of the most destructive form of bottom trawling, in
which a large net attached to a heavy metal beam is dragged across the sea bed
behind a boat, digging into and ploughing up the ground.
Bull Trawl
The boat which shoots the net open by t in bull or pair trawling by using two vessels.
Otter Trawls
Trawl towed on the sea-bed, held open by a pair of otter boards. It is much larger net than a beam
trawl.
Bottom Trawl
Trawl towed along the sea-bed. These dragged along the bottom.
32. • Beam trawl
– Trawl towed on the sea bed in which the net is held open by a
wood /steel
beam.
• Bull trawl
– The boat which shoots or hauls the net in bull or pair trawling i.e.
by using
two vessels.
• Otter trawl
– Trawl towed on the seabed, held open by a pair of otter boards. It
is much
larger net than a beam trawl.
• Bottom trawl
– Trawl towed along the seabed. Those dragged along the bottom.
• Mid water trawl
– Trawls can be towed be in mid water to catch the pelagic species
.
33. Advantages of Trawl Net
Disadvantages of Trawl Net
1. Effective
2. Large scale fishing operation
3. Can catch bottom, demersal and pelagic species
4. Commercially profitable
1. Disturbs and destroy the seabed including sea-
grasses, coral reefs, rock-gardens where fishes hide
from predators, spawning grounds.
2. By catches ( turtles, sea-birds, marine mammals,
unwanted fish caught & thrown away).
3. Overfishing gear is nonselective and discards a lot
of sea fish.
34. Dredging
*Dredging is used for harvesting bivalve molluscs such as
oysters, clams and scallops from the seabed.
*A dredge is a metal framed basket with a bottom of connected iron
rings or wire netting called a chain belly.
*The lower edge of the frame has awaking bar, with or without
teeth, depending upon the species targeted.
*The catch is lifted off the seabed or out of the sea by the raking (or
teeth) bar and passes back into the basket or bag
35. Fish Attraction
Devices
*Various species of fish often associate with
other living creatures.
* e.g. tuna associate with dolphins and whale
sharks.
*Some associate with objects floating or
suspended in the sea.
* This natural phenomenon has been
exploited to attract fish to floating or
suspended structures.
36. Fish Attraction
Devices
* Such structures can provide known locations for
congregating fish, around which vessels can
operate a wide range of fishing techniques
including purse seines, pole and line or trolling
*FADs may be used to concentrate fish in
sufficiently high numbers which are then
surrounded with a purse seine net.
37. ELECTRICAL FISHING
* Electric fishing is a new technique has been
developed by using of low voltage electric current.
* The fish always swim towards the positive pole of
electric current and electrode with increasing
potential.
* The advantage of this method is that even the large
size of fishes which escape being caught by taking
shelter under stones, rocks etc., can be easily caught
38. Dive-caught
Free diving (using
mask and snorkel)
or scuba diving is a
traditional method
of collecting lobster,
abalone, seaweed,
sponges and reef
dwelling fish
(groupers and
snappers).
39. Fishing without
gears
In some rivers and streams of the hills
or near
dams & reservoirs. Water flows into
narrow
channels & fish are caught by hands.