The document discusses site works and setting out for construction projects. It covers site analysis to explore site characteristics, site investigation for systematic inquiry before construction, site preparation with considerations for access, storage and safety. It also discusses the setting out process to lay out the building outline on site, including establishing reference lines, square lines, checking diagonals, and locating excavation lines. The goal is to ensure construction follows the design plans and account for any site issues.

1. SITEWORKS & SETTING OUT
SITE ANALYSIS - SITE INVESTIGATION- SITE PREPARATION- SETTING OUT
02
Prepared By Saurav Shrestha

2. SITEWORKS & SETTING OUT
01. Site Analysis Exploration of Site & its characteristics before designing
02. Site Investigation Systematic enquiry with Methodological approach before construction
03. Site Preparation General & Specific considerations before construction
04. Setting Out Laying outline of building on site
Site
Analysis
Site
Investigation
Site
Preparation
Setting
Out

3. 2.1. Site Analysis
What ?
 thorough exploration of site
Why ?
 To determine site issues that can
influence proposed development
 To ascertain whether site
characteristics is suitable for proposed
development.
Site Analysis Process (Source : Building Construction Illustrated by Francis DK Ching)

4. 2.1. Site Analysis
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
ByConsidering
Site Analysis Process (Source : Building Construction Illustrated by Francis DK Ching)

5. 2.1. Site Analysis
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
ByConsidering  Geology/Soil condition
 Topography
 Vegetation
 Wind direction
 Climate
 Sunlight
 hydrology

6. 2.1. Site Analysis
ByConsidering
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
 Refer City Blueprint
 Building Codes &
Byelaws
 Legal restrictions ?

7. 2.1. Site Analysis
ByConsidering
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
 Existing land use
 Neighborhood Issues
 Socio-economic issues
 Traffic & Movement
 location

8. 2.1. Site Analysis
How?
Legal Factors
Cultural Factors
Natural Factors
Other Factors
ByConsidering  Views & Vistas
 Orientation
 Service & Infrastructure
 Site boundaries

9. 2.2. Site Investigation
What ?
 Collection of Necessary data
Why ?
 To plan the working on site
How ?
Table study
Site Visit
Site Report
REFER
 Ordinance Maps
 Geological data
 similar previous Projects
OBSERVE
 Layout sketch
 Existing services
 Access to site
DOCUMENT
 Detail Report
 Relevant Data
 Necessary Information

10. Typical data required from site visit
(source ; Building Construction by R.Chudley)
2.2. Site Investigation

11. 2.3. Site Preparation
Consideration
Access
Storage
Accommodation
Services
Safety
 Accessibility of Site > Transport facility ?
 Useful to plan transportation of material & labor
 Availability of space for storage
 Useful to plan storage for material and equipment
 Availability of space & environment for accommodation
 Useful to plan accommodation units in construction site
 Availability of basic services (electricity, water etc)
 Necessary for working in site
 Necessary safety precaution
 First Aid, Safety measures, Insurance etc.
Other
 Legal considerations like construction regulation
 Cultural considerations & Security of site

12. 2.3. Site Preparation
CONSIDERATIONS
Access
Storage
Accommodation
Services
Safety
Other
PLANNING
Listing of Works
Scheduling of
Works
EXECUTION
Entailing
Requirements
Obtaining
Necessary
Permits
Clearing of
Site
SETTINGOUT

13. 2.4. Setting Out
Process of
 Drawing outline of building on site
 Transferring dimension from layout plant to groundWHAT ?
WHY ?  To ensure construction as per design documentations
HOW ?
 Whole to part
 Start from large simple shape towards smaller complex ones
Principle of
Proposed Building Breaking into smaller
rectangles and
detailing part by part
Taking large rectangle
first and detailing
smaller details later
OR

14. 2.4. Setting Out
METHODS
1. Peg and Rope Method ( common)
2. Dumpy Level ( Best for big construction)
ITEMS
1. Timber Profile Board
2. Round poles to act as pegs or steel in hard ground.
3. Nylon Threads
4. Ordinary Nails
5. White Chalk or lime or Spray paint
6. Clear Hose pipe for determining horizontal levels
7. Sledge hammer
8. Measuring table
9. Builders Square

15. 2.4. Setting Out
Builders Square

16. 2.4. Setting Out

17. Building Construction
By R. Chudley
Page 107 -108

18. 2.4.1 Setting Out of Rectangular Building
Clearing the Site
Establish Base/Reference Line /Parallel line
Setting out first right angle to the frontage line
Establish second square line
Establish other square lines to complete outline.
Checking diagonals
Setting Profile & Attached Range lines
Locate excavation lines
00
01
02
03
04
05
06
07
Clearing the Site
 Removal of topsoil
 Removal of vegetation, rocks
and boulders.
 Site clearance prepares the
site for doing setting out
process easily and effectively.

19. CENTRE LINE
BOUNDARY LINE
PROPOSED BUILDING
22'-5"
7'-3"
22'-7"
13'-2"
17'-7"
22'-7"
9'-7"
9'-7"
26'-2"26'-2"
32'-3"
32'-2"18'-10"
26'-5"
33'-3"
FLOOR PLAN (LOAD-BEARING)
FLOOR PLAN (FRAME STRUCTURE)
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
01

20. CENTRE LINE
BOUNDARY LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
10'-0"
REFERENCE LINE
STEP 1 : ESTABLISH REFERENCE LI
1. Break the building shape into
two rectangles namely
ABCDGA & EDFG .
2. AB is building front line. Since
frontage line AB is parallel to
Road line, It is easier to
establish Reference line ( oir
base line or parallel line) alon
the building front line AB.
3. Establish Reference line along
AB by taking equal offset
distance from the road.
4. From Point B, We know
distance of line AB and thus
point A can be located
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
02

21. CENTRE LINE
BOUNDARY LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
3
45
5
4
3
REFERENCE LINE
STEP 2: SETTING OUT FIRST RIGHT
ANGLE TO THE FRONTAGE LINE
1. From point B , using 3-4-5
method or theodolite produce
squared line towards C
2. Locate Point C by measuring
distance BC from the drawing.
FIRSTSQUARELINE
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
03

22. CENTRE LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
3
45
5
4
3
REFERENCE LINE
STEP 3 : ESTABLISH SECOND
SQUARE LINE
1. In Point C, establish right
angle using 3-4-5 method or
theodolite towards Line EDC
of proposed building.
2. Locate Point E from C as per
dimension given in the plan.
FIRSTSQUARELINE
SECOND SQUARE LINE
SETTING OU T EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
BOUNDARY LINE
04

23. CENTRE LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
3
45
5
4
3
REFERENCE LINE
STEP 4 : ESTABLISH OTHER
SQUARE LINES TO COMPLETE
THE OUTLINE OF BUILDING
1. Establish other square line from
point E and point F.
2. Point G can be located as per
dimension given for FG .
3. Now all point A, B, C, D , E, F,
G are located
FIRSTSQUARELINE
SECOND SQUARE LINE
5
3
4
5
3
4
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
BOUNDARY LINE
05

24. CENTRE LINE
BOUNDARY LINE
A B
D CE
F G
OFFSETDISTANCE
OFFSETDISTANCE
3
4
STEP 5: CHECK DIAGONALS
1. Check diagonal EG and DF, if
diagonals are equal then all four corn
are in right angle
2. Also, Check diagonal AC AND B
, if diagonals are equal then all four
cornders are in right angle
SECOND SQUARE LINE
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
06

25. A B
D CE
F G
STEP 6: SETUP PROFILE AND ATTACH
RANGING LINE
1. Since the corners of building has
already been located, the profile board
can be placed along the corners at an
offset that makes it easier to excavate
the trenches.
2. The ranging lines attached to the
pegs are extended by holding the line to
pass over the peg to the profile.
3. The wall position is clearly marked on
the profile using lime or a spray paint.
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
07

26. B
F G
A
E D C
Excavation on corners as per foundation details and grid lines
E D
F G
A B
C
Excavation Line
Wall Line
Excavation along wall for foundation in case of load-bearing structure
Excavation Line
SETTING OUT EXAMPLE OF SIMPLE RECTANGULAR BUILDING
08
STEP 7 : LOCATE EXCAVATION LINES
1. Excavation is carried out as per
foundation drawings and type of
structure as shown as in figures .
2. In case of load bearing, foundation is
along wall so excavation is done along
the wall as in fig 1.
3. In case of frame structure,
foundation is on corners as per grid
lines given in the drawing, so
excavation is done as per foundation
drawings.