Maintains normal functioning of an organ by generating electric pulse

1. BRAIN PACEMAKERS
BY
SATHISHKUMAR G
(SATHISHSAK111@GMAIL.COM)

2. PACEMAKER
• Maintains normal functioning of an organ by generating electric pulse.
• Types of pacemakers
 External pacemaker
Internal pacemaker

3. BRAIN PACEMAKER
• Medical device implanted into the brain
• Depending on area of treatment it is called
 Deep brain stimulation
 Vagus nerve stimulation
• Used in epilepsy, Parkinson’s disease, depression and other diseases

5. PARTS OF PACEMAKER
 Electrodes
• Platinum electrodes.
 Lead wire
• Coiled wire insulated in polyurethane.
• Lead to the specific targeted site of brain.
 Pulse generator
• Encased in titanium.
• Generally placed near clavicle.
• Sends impulses to area of brain to interfere with neural activity.

6. DEEP BRAIN STIMULATION
Tip of an electrode is placed in
• Thalamus (for tremor and multiple sclerosis) or
• Sub thalamic nucleus (for Parkinson's disease).
• Cg25 area (for depression)

7. Deep brain stimulation

8. SURGICAL PROCEDURE
• Two holes were drilled into the skulls.
• Implant two thin wires with electrode.
• The loose end of the wires are attached to the pacemaker device implanted in the
chest.

10. VAGUS NERVE STIMULATION (VNS)
It sends tiny electric shocks to the vagus nerve.
• Three pieces of equipment used in vns therapy.
 Programmable generator
 Lead with two coils at the end
 Hand-held magnet

12. SURGICAL PROCEDURE
• Two small cuts are made,
 One in a natural crease on the left of your neck, and
 One in the left-hand side of your chest, below you collarbone.
• The generator is placed under the skin in your chest.
• A thin, flexible wire connects the generator to the left vagus nerve in the neck.

13. BLOCK DIAGRAM OF STIMULATION SYSTEM
It uses a neurostimulator to generate and deliver high-frequency electric pulses into portions of the brain.

14. ADVANTAGES
• Reduce their medications , thus, minimizing the side effects of drugs.
• Electrical impulses can be adjusted.
• Used by pregnant women without affecting the foetus.
• Both cardiac pacemaker and brain pacemaker can be used simultaneously by the same
person.

15. DISADVANTAGES
• Decrease in respiratory flow during sleep resulting in apnea.
• Any medical procedures using electromagnetic fields can interfere with your pacemaker
• The external sensitivities, can give pacemaker a false signal.

16. THANK YOU …