This document discusses end user development, which refers to activities and tools that allow end users who are not professional developers to program computers. It provides examples of end user development like creating 3D models, game modifications, and web mashups. The document outlines characteristics of end user development like the end user being the developer and maintainer. It notes advantages like encouraging user participation and speeding development, but also disadvantages like a lack of expertise potentially leading to underdeveloped systems.

1. END USER
DEVELOPM
ENT
Presentation By- Sanmitra A. Bhatkar.

2. Organizations develop computer
systems using three different
methods
End User
Development
SDLC
Outsourcing

3. End User
In information technology, the term end
user is used to distinguish the person for
whom a hardware or software product is
designed from the developers, installers, and
servicers of the product. The "end" part of the
term probably derives from the fact that most
information technologies involve a chain of
interconnected product components at the end
of which is the "user."

4. Definition of End User
Development
 End-user development (EUD) or end-
user programming (EUP) refers to activities
and tools that allow end-users – people who
are not professional software developers – to
program computers.

5. Artefacts
 end users may be objects describing some
automated behaviour or control sequence, such
as database requests or grammar rules, which
can be described with programming paradigms
such as programming by
demonstration, programming with
examples, visual programming,
or macro generation. They can also be
parameters that choose between alternative
predefined behaviours of an application.
 end-user development may also refer to the
creation of user-generated content such as
annotations, which may be or not computationally
interpretable (i.e. can be processed by associated
automated functions).

6. Examples
Examples of end-user development include
the creation and modification of:
 3D models created with end-user oriented
tools and apps such as Sketchup.
 Game modifications to introduce users' own
characters, environments, etc. — many recent
games are distributed with modification in
mind
 Web Mashups in the form of visual languages
such as Yahoo! Pipes.

7. End User Development Cycle

8. Characteristics
 End user as the
developer and
maintainer.

9. Characteristics
 The developer
is the client,
therefore there
are no
communication
issues

10. Characteristics
 Small budget
and/or short
time period for
development

11. Advantages of End User
Development
 Encourages active user participation
 Improves requirements determination
 Strengthens user sense of ownership
 Increases speed of systems development

12. Disadvantages of End User
Development
 Inadequate expertise leads to underdeveloped
systems
 Lack of organizational focus creates
"privatized" system
 Insufficient analysis and design leads to
subpar systems
 Lack of documentation of a system may lead
to its being short lived