Bioengineering is an interdisciplinary field that applies engineering principles to biology. It involves using tools and principles of engineering to analyze and synthesize biological systems. Some key areas of bioengineering include genetic engineering, biomedical engineering, bioprocess engineering, and bioinformatics. Genetic engineering has led to the production of important recombinant proteins and vaccines through the use of recombinant DNA technology. This document provides examples of insulin, growth hormone, interferon, and vaccines being produced through genetic engineering techniques.

2.  what is bioengineering?
 domains of bioengineering.
Genetic and biomedical engineering.
•Recombinant insulin
• recombinant human growth hormone
•Recombinant interferon
•Hepatitis B vaccine production
•Phage therapy
Use in bioremediation.
•Superbug
•Bio-luminescence while pollutant
degradation
Use in bioprocess engineering.
• various types of expression vectors

3. British scientist and broadcaster Heinz Wolff termed
bioengineering in 1954.
Any area of biology mixed with any area of
engineering in any proportion.
Principles
of biology
Tools of
engineering
Bioengineering
Useable,
tangible,
viable pdt

4. engineering
Analytical &
synthetic
Cost,practical
application
Maths,chemistry,physics,
computer science
Structure,
process,
manufacture
biologyGenome
knowledge
Molecular
biology
Recombinant DNA
technology
Medical,
Research,

5. Bioengineering
genetic
engineering
Cellular
engineering
Bioprocess
engineering Biomedical
engineering
Biomimetics
bioinformatics

6. • Artificial organs
• Replacement joints
• Artificial skin.
• Vaccine,drug,hormone production.

7. Bioinformatics = computer science +
biomedicine
Discover genetic basis for disease
(cancer, diabetes)
Develop new diagnostic devices
(cDNA chip) cDNAArray

11. First attempt to produce insuline through
rDNA technology:1970s
Human insulin gene and lac operon promoter
inserted into E.coli plasmid
July 1980, 17 diabetic patients were treated
with recombinant insulin at Guy’s
hospital,london :Great success.
First RDT product administered to human and
worked well.
Eri Lilly company received approval to
market HUMan insULIN under the trade name
HUMULIN

12. •Insulin A and B chain
inserted
differently in different
E.coli culture
•Selective
marker:ampicilin
resistant gene
•Do pure culture
•Extract insulin A & B
chain seperatelyAnd Mix
them.
•Functional insuline

14. •Glycosylated cytokines.
•2 types exist
Type I (IFN-,and IFN-)
Type II (IFN-)
•Cells producing IFNs
Plasmacytoid DCs (major producers
of IFN-  and IFN- )
Fibroblasts and epithelial cells
Macrophages and Th1 Cells
(predominantly IFN- )
•Stimulates the action of natural killer
cell
•Several interferon together in a single
gene construct
: more efficient interferon.

15. Select desired interferon genes.
cDNA from specific interferons.
Insert into vector
Vector introduced into host cell( E.
coli/yeast cell)
Isolate recombinant interferon from
culture medium

16. Why Yeast vector?
 yeast suitable:glycosylation of protein similar to
mammalian cell.
Yield is several fold higher than E. coli
Hybrid IFN : more reactive in function
THERAPUTIC APPLICATION
 IFN-α,-β,-ɣ approved for theraputic use in 1986,1993 & 1990
A swiss biotechnology firm first marketed IFN- α, named (INTRON)
Treatment of large number of viral disease and cancers. Like
leukemia,kaposis sarcoma,
bladdar cancer,head and neck cancer,renal cell carcinoma,skin
cancer,multiple myloma.
Other disease:AIDS,multiple sclerosis,genital warts,hepatitis C.
 common cold,influenza:nasal spray

20. New pseudomonas strain
developed by Chakrabarty
and co-workers in 1970s.
Different plasmids were used
and new bacterium was
constructed.SUPERBUG.
US patented this SUPERBUG
that can degrade a number of
hydrocarbons of petrolium
simultaniously.
First genetically engineered
microorganism patented.
CAM-camphor degrading
OCT-octane degrading
XYL-xylene degrading
NAH-napthalene degrading
Compatible: CAM-OCT plasmid

21. •Biodegradative pathway gene
and lux gene construct
While degrading pollutants it
gives luminiscence.
thus we can Conclude that
degradation is goin on
The operon of the TOL plasmid
pWW0 of Pseudomonas
putida encodes a set of enzymes
involved in the conversion of
toluene and xylenes to their
carboxylic acid derivatives. The
last gene of the upper operon,
Xylene and toluene
(pollutant)
TOL operon of P.putida Carboxilic acid derivative
(degraded form)
lux genes is present in marine
bacterium, Vibrio fischeri

25. p ppa pa
Two vector expression system for
producing diametric protein
P-promoter,pa-polyadenylation seq
Recombinant protein can be
produced in microorganisms .
3 types of expression vectors
can be used-
1)Two vector expression system
2)Two gene expression vector
3)Dicistronic expression vector
rh- Growth Hormone,
r-Human insulin,
Erythropoietin,
Follicle stimulating hormone,
Interferon, Insulin like
growth factor, Tissue
Plasminogen Acivator,factor
VIII,DNase, Envelope
proteing of hepatitis B virus.
Produced by any of these type of
method which is convenient

26. Two gene expression vector Dicistronic expression vector

27. 6)http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological
_engineering
7)http://www.biopharminternational.co
m/biopharm/article/articleDetail.jsp?id=3
01979
8)http://www.wiley-
vch.de/books/biotech/pdf/v11b_gene.pdf
1)U.Satyanarayana;biotechnology;books and allied (p) ltd,p-144,191,192,197,201
2)http://bioengineering.stanford.edu/
3)http://www.biotecharticles.com/Biotechnology-products-Article/Production-
of-Recombinant-Human-Growth-Hormone-Somatotropin-367.html
4)www.littletree.com.au/dna.htm