Aksharica (अक्षरिका) is a Nepali Language Newsletter. Aksharica is made with a combination of two words “Akshar” and “America”. Akshar means “letter” in Nepali, thus goal of the Aksharica is to educate, inform, inspire, and empower the Nepali speaking community (Bhutanese and Nepalese) residing in America. Rajesh Koirala is working as an editor since it started on August 2010. This is 63rd issue, published on September, 2014.

1. @)!$ ;]K6]Da/
jif{ % c+s ^#
o; c+sdf s] s] <
(What is inside ?)
à k|df0fkqx¿sf] Joj:yf============!
(Arrangement of three impor-
tant documents)
à ;o 8n/sf] qmozlSt==============@
(Purchasing capacity of $ 100)
à gfgLsf] lzIff / /fHox¿==========#
(Children’s education & states)
à 5fqfjf;df rflxg] ;fdfg=========$
(Dorm Room Checklist)
à 3g b'nfnsf] hLjg–ofqf==========%
(Ghana Dulal’s story)
à gful/s k|Zg–pQ/ *@==============^
(Civic Test - Q/A no. 82)
à rNtLsf c+u|]hL zAb #!==========^
(Most common Eng. words 31)
cTofjZos k|df0fkqx¿sf] Joj:yf
;f];n ;]So'l/6L, lu|gsf8{ / kf;kf]6{ x/fP
xfd|f
cTofjZos
k|df0fkqx?df
d'ntM ;f];n
;]So'l/6L sf8{
(Social Se-
curity card), lu|gsf8{ (Green
Card) / kf;kf]6{ (Passport),
k5{g . o:tf k|df0fkq x/fP
jf k|fs[lts ljklQsf sf/0f
gflzP s] ug]{ <
o:tf] k|df0fkq k|fKt ug{
k|lqmof k"/f ug'{k5{ / yf]/}
w}o{tf, b'O{sf nflu
/sd cfjZos x'G5 .
o:tf k|df0fkqsf] kmf]6f]
slk -k|ltlnlk_ agfP/ Psbd}
e/kbf]{ ;fyLefO{ jf Oi6ldq–
nfO{ /fVg lbg' a'l4dQfk"0f{
h'lSt xf] . csf]{ agfpg]
a]nfdf k|ltlnlk b]vfpFbf lgs}
;lhnf] x'G5 .
o:tf k|df0fkq agfpg
s/ a'emfPsf] k|df0f, :s"nn]
lbPsf k|df0fkq klg sfd
nfUg ;S5g .
;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{
;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{
cgnfOgaf6 dfUg
;lsb}g . csf]{ sf8{
agfpFbf z'Ns ltg'{kb}{g .
lgMz'Ns aG5 . o;sf nflu
lgDg sfd ug'{k5{M
á ;f];n ;]So'l/6L kmf/d
eg'{k5{ .
á cfjZos k|df0f;lxt kmf/d
lnP/ glhs}sf] ;f];n
;]So'l/6L sfof{no hfg'k5{
jf x'nfsaf6 k7fpg'k5{ .
á kmf/d;lxt hGdbtf{
k|df0fkq, cd]l/sL kf;kf]6{,
/fHoåf/f hf/L kl/ro–
kq, sfd ug]{ clwsf/sf]
k|df0fkq jf nfO;]G; cflb
cfjZos kg{ ;S5g .
lu|gsf8{
lu|gsf8{ eg] cgnfOgaf6
cg'/f]w ug{ ;lsG5 . o;sf
nflu cfO{ – () (I-90) kmf/d
eg'{k5{ . sfuhL ?kdf
k]z ug]{ eP, cfO{ – () df
cfjZos tYo e/]/ lk|G6 u/L
cGo sfuhft / $ ;o %)
8n/sf] r]s;lxt k7fpg'k5{ .
ljb]z /xFbf x/fP,
csf]{ lu|gsf8{sf nflu cfj]bg
^k[i7
o;k6s
lbg'eGbf klxn] :yfgLo
cd]l/sL sG;'n]6 jf b"tfjf;df
va/ ug'{k5{ .
gofF lu|gsf8{ hf/L ePsf
ldltn] !) jif{sf] x'G5 .
lsgeg] lu|gsf8{sf] Dofb !)
jif{sf] x'G5 .
kf;kf]6{
csf]{ kf;kf]6{ agfpg]
tl/sf sl/a klxnf]k6s
kf;kf]6{ agfPh:t} xf] . o;sf
nflu cfkm}+ pkl:yt eP/ csf]{
kf;kf]6{sf nflu
cfj]bg lbg'k5{ . o:tf]
cj:yfdf tkfO{n] l8P; – !!
(DS-11) / csf]{ kmf/d l8P;
– ^$ (DS-64) eg'{k5{ .
l8P; – !! t z'?df
kf;kf]6{ kfpg eg]{ g} kmf/d
xf] . l8P; – ^$ rfxL
tkfO{+sf] Tof] ;fgf] gLnf]
lstfa s;/L x/fof] eGg]
hfGg ;/sf/n] tkfO{+nfO{ eg{
nufpg] kmf/d xf] .
csf]{ kf;kf]6{ lgMz'Ns
kfOFb}g . o;sf nflu ! ;o
$) 8n/ g} ltg'{k5{ .
klxnf]k6s agfPh:t}
csf]{ kf;kf]6{ agfpg hfFbf
;a} cfjZos sfuhft,
kl/rokq, kmf]6f] cflb
;f];n ;]So'l/6L sf8{
;/sf/n] lgMz'Ns
k|bfg u5{ . x/fPdf klg
lgMz'Ns kfpg ;lsG5 .

2. @
@)!$;]K6]Da/,jif{%c+s^#
;o 8n/sf] qmozlSt sxfF slt<
Ps ;o 8n/n] s'g /fHodf slt d"Nosf] ;fdfg jf ;]jf lsGg
;S5, Tof] /fHodf !)) 8n/sf] qmozlSt Tolt xf] . o;af/]
6ofS; kmfpG8];g (Tax Foundation) sf] xfn}sf] k|ltj]bg eG5M
/fHosf] gfd........................................................ qmozlSt -8n/df_
)!= cnfafdf (Alabama)..................................!!#=%!
)@= cnf:sf (Alaska).........................................(#=#&
)#= cl/hf]gf (Arizona)....................................!)!=($
)$= cs{G;f; (Arkansas) .................................!!$=!^
)%= Soflnkmf]lg{of (California).............................**=%&
)^= sf]nf]/f8f] (Colorado)....................................(*=$#
)&= sg]l6s6 (Connecticut)................................................(!=$!
)*= 8]nfj/ (Delaware)........................................................ (&=&%
)(= ˆnf]l/8f (Florida)........................................................!)!=@!
!)= hlh{of (Georgia).........................................................!)*=&)
!!= xjfO{ (Hawaii)...............................................................*%=#@
!@= cfO8fxf] (Idaho)..........................................................!)^=*$
!#= Olngf]o (Illinois)...........................................................((=$)
!$= OlG8ofgf (Indiana)......................................................!)(=&&
!%= cfof]jf (Iowa)............................................................!!!=&#
!^= sG;f; (Kansas)..........................................................!!!=@#
!&= s]G6sL (Kentucky)......................................................!!@=^!
!*= n'lhofgf (Louisiana)...................................................!)(=$!
!(= d]g (Maine)................................................................!)!=&#
@)= d]l/Nof08 (Maryland)....................................................*(=*%
@!= df;fr';]6; (Massachusetts)..........................................(#=@*
@@= ldl;ug (Michigan).....................................................!)%=(#
@#= ldg];f]6f (Minnesota)...................................................!)@=%&
@$= ldl;l;kL (Mississippi).................................................!!%=&$
@%= ldh'/L (Missouri).........................................................!!#=%!
@^= df]G6fgf (Montana)......................................................!)^=!^
@&= g]a|f:sf (Nebraska)......................................................!!)=((
@*= g]ef8f (Nevada)...........................................................!)!=*#
@(= Go' XofD;/ (New Hampshire)........................................($=!^
#)= Go' h;L{ (New Jersey)....................................................*&=^$
#!= Go' d]lS;sf] (New Mexico)..........................................!)%=$(
#@= Go'of]s{ (New York)........................................................*^=^^
##= gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf (North Carolina)................................!)(=!&
#$= gy{ 8sf]6f (North Dakota)..........................................!!)=^@
#%= cf]xfof] (Ohio).............................................................!!@=!!
#^= cf]Snfxf]df (Oklahoma)................................................!!!=@#
#&= cf]/]ug (Oregon)..........................................................!)!=@!
#*= k]G;neflgof (Pennsylvania)........................................!)!=#@
#(= /f]8 cfONof08 (Rhode Island).....................................!)!=#@
$)= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf (South Carolina).............................!!)=@%
$!= ;fpy 8sf]6f (South Dakota)......................................!!#=#*
$@= 6]g];L (Tennessee).......................................................!!)=@%
$#= 6]S;; (Texas) .........................................................!)#=^#
$$= o'6f (Utah).................................................................!)#=#!
$%= ed{G6 (Vermont)............................................................((=!!
$^= elh{lgof (Virginia)........................................................(^=()
$&= jfl;+u6g (Washington)..................................................(^=()
$*= j]:6 elh{lgof (Virginia).............................................!!@=*&
$(= lj:sfG;g (Wisconsin)................................................!)&=^$
%)= jfof]ldª (Wyoming).....................................................!)#=&#
gof“ lu|gsf8{ hf/L
ePsf ldltn] !) jif{]
x'G5 . ;a} lu|gsf8{sf]
Dofb !) jif{sf] x'G5 .
rflxG5 .
kf;kf]6{ x/fPsf]
yfxf kfPkl5 tTsfn
!–*&&–$*&–@&&* gDa/df
kmf]g ul/xfNg' k5{ . olt
u/]kl5 tkfO{+nfO{ kfos
kg]{ ;dodf csf]{ kf;kf]6{sf
nflu cfj]bg u/] eof] .
cd]l/sL ljb]z dGqfno
-:6]6 l8kf6{d]G6_ n] cfkm"
ljb]z ePsf a]nf cfˆgf]
kf;kf]6{ x/fPsf] yfxf kfpg]
lalQs} glhs}sf] cd]l/sL
b"tfjf; jf jfl0fHo–b"tfjf;
-sG;'n]6_ uP/ hfgsf/L
u/fpg] ;Nnfx lbPsf] 5 .
ToxfF cfkm" pkl:yt eP/ csf]{
kf;kf]6{ agfpg ;Sg'x'G5 .
cfˆgf] emf]nf, jfn]6 -k};f
af]Sg] y}nf]_, jf c? ;a}yf]s
x/fPsf] cj:yfdf b"tfjf; jf
jfl0fHo–b"tfjf;n] tkfO{+nfO{
kf;kf]6{nufot cGo
;xof]u ug{ ;S5g .
ToxfFaf6 kmf]g ;Dks{ u/fP/
kf;kf]6{nfO{ nfUg] k};f
cd]l/sfdf ePsf kl/jf/nfO{
ltg{ af6f] v'nfOlbG5 .
kf;kf]6{ cfjZostfcg';f/
rfF8f] x'g;S5 . t/ ;fdfGo
cj:yfdf kf;kf]6{ tof/ x'g
yf]/} lbg nfU5, h;sf nflu !
;o $) 8n/ ltg'{k5{ .
x/fPsf] kf;kf]6{ e]l6P
tkfO{+n] of] kf;kf]6{
ljb]z–ofqfdf hfFbf k|of]u ug{
;Sg'x'Gg . x/fPsf] kf;kf]6{
s;}sf dfWodaf6 lkmtf{ cfP
jf s;}sf] xftdf k/]/ km]nf k/]
o;n] dfGotf gkfpg ;S5 .
k'/fgf] ;/sf/nfO{ g} lkmtf{ ug{
;Sg'x'G5 .

3. #@)!$;]K6]Da/,jif{%c+s^#
PGgL O= s];L kmfpG8];g (An-
nie E. Casey Foundation) n]
cd]l/sfdf gfgLx?af/] ljleGg
cWoog u5{ . ljleGg vfnsf
k|ltj]bg k|sflzt u5{ .
pSt kmfpG8];gn] ;g
@)!$ df lgsfn]sf] k|ltj]bg
gfgLsf] lzIffsf nflu /fd|f /
g/fd|f /fHoaf/] 5 . of]
k|ltj]bg k|fylds :s"n
gcfpg] gfgLx?, sIff -u|]8_
$ df k'Ubf klg k9g g;Sg]
gfgL sIff -u|]8_ * df k'Ubf
klg ul0ftdf bIf gx'g] gfgL /
xfO:s"ndf pSt tx ;dodf g}
k"/f ug]{ gfgLaf/] tYof+s
s]nfP/ lgsflnPsf] xf] . oxfF
lzIffsf nflu /fd|f /fHoaf6
g/fd|f /fHosf] gfd lbOPsf] 5M
)!= df;fr';]6;
)@= Go' h;L{
)#= ed{G6
)$= Go' XofD;/
)%= sg]l6s6
)^= ldg];f]6f
)&= k]G;neflgof
)*= d]l/NofG8
)(= g]a|f:sf
!)= elh{lgof
!!= sf]nf]/f8f]
!@= sG;f;
!#= cfof]jf
!$= d]g
!%= lj:sfG;g
!^= cf]xfof]
!&= Olngf]o
!*= Go'of]s{
!(= gy{ 8sf]6f
@)= jfl;+u6g
@!= df]G6fgf
@@= ldh'/L
@#= 8]nfj/
@$= jfof]ldª
@%= /f]8 cfONofG8
@^= OlG8ofgf
;du| ?kdf !) /fd|f /fHo
!= Dof;fr';]6;
@= ed{G6
#= cfof]jf
$= Go' XofD;/
%= ldg];f]6f
^= gy{ 8sf]6f
&= sg]6Ls6
*= Go' h;L{
(= elh{lgof
!)= g]a|f:sf
To:t} !) g/fd|f /fHo
$!= csf{G;f;
$@= hlh{of
$#= 6]S;;
$$= cnfafdf
$%= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf
$^= cl/hf]gf
$&= n'lhofgf
$*= g]ef8f
$(= Go' d]lS;sf]
%)= ldl;l;kL
:jf:Yo, lzIff cflb ;du| ?kdf s'g /fd|f / g/fd|f
gfgLx¿sf] lzIffsf nflu /fd|f÷g/fd|f /fHo
df]gLclwsf/L÷gf;'cf
@&= ˆnf]l/8f
@*= gy{ Sof/f]nfOgf
@(= o'6f
#)= s]G6sL
#!= xjfO{
#@= ;fpy 8sf]6f
##= cfO8fxf]
#$= 6]S;;
#%= cf]/]ug
#^= csf{G;f;
#&= 6]g];L
#*= ldl;ug
#(= Soflnkmf]lg{of
$)= hlh{of
$!= cf]Snfxf]df
$@= cnf:sf
$#= ;fpy Sof/f]nfOgf
$$= cl/hf]gf
$%= cnfafdf
$^= j]:6 elh{lgof
$&= n'lhofgf
$*= ldl;l;kL
$(= Go' d]lS;sf]
%)= g]ef8f

4. $
@)!$;]K6]Da/,jif{%c+s^#
8f]d{df a:bf oL ;fdfg ePsf] /fd|f]
l;of]–wfuf]b]lv sDKo'6/;DdM 3/df rflxg] h:t}
sn]h hfg] tof/L ubf{ xfdLn]
8f]d{ -5fqfjf;_ df a:g'–
kg]{ x'g;S5 . 5fqfjf;df a:g'
eg]sf] 3/nfO{ rflxg] hlQs}
;fdfg lnP/ hfg'k5{ . ljleGg
1ftfx? o:tf ;fdfgx? lnP/
hfg l;kmfl/z u5{g, t/ oL g}
;a} ;fdfg eg] xf]OggM
!= vf6d'lg ;fdfg /fVg]
-5f]lkg] ePsfn]_ a]8
/fOh/ (Bed Risers)
@= Dof6«]; Kof8
(Mattress Pad)
#= 7"nf] cfsf/sf] l6jg tGbf
(XL Twin sheets)
$= ;fa'g cflb /fVg] efF8f]
(Shower caddy)
%= afy?dnfO{ rKkn
(Shower shoes)
^= ;fdfg /fVg] efF8f
(Storage containers)
&= lah'nLaf6 rNg] w]/}
pks/0f hf]8g] dlN6Knu
(Surge Protector)
*= Nofk6k (Laptop)
(= 6]a'n aQL (Desk Lamp)
!)= cnfd{ Sns
(Alarm clock)
!!= ?3f nfUbf vfg] cf}ifwL
(Cold Medicines)
!@= d}nf n'uf /fVg] af:s]6
(Laundry basket)
!#= tx–tx w]/} n'uf
em'08ofpg] Xof+u/
(Multy arm hanger)
!$= ;fgf] lk|mh (Mini-fridge)
!%= rfF8} g;8g] jf Dofb
g;lsg] vfnsf vfgf
(Non-perishables)
!^= vfBfGg e08f/0f
(Food storage)
!&= kfgL (Water)
!*= vfg] / c? jt{g
(Dining set and utensils)
!(= ;/;kmfO{ ug]{ pTkfbgx?
(Cleaning products)
@)= ;fOsn cflbdf rfaL
nufpg] o'–ns / tf/x?
(U-locks and cables)
@!= k|fylds pkrf/sf] hf]xf]
(First aid Kit)
@@= l;of]–wfuf] cflbsf] hf]xf]
(Sewing Kit)
@#= x]8kmf]g (Headphone)
@$= k]k/ lSnk (Paper clip)
@%= Sofns'n]6/ / Aofl6«
(Calculator and battery)
@^= ;fa'g÷k]:6÷bfFt df‰g]
a|z
(Shop/Paste/tooth brush)
@&= l8of]8]/]G6 (Deodarant)
@*= dfpy jf; (Mouth wash)
@(= kGr (Paper Punch)
#)= xfOnfO6/ (Highlighter)
#!= Po/slG8;g/ geP k+vf
(Fan)
#@= un}rf (Rug)
##= kmf]xf]/sf] efF8f] (Trash can)
#$= 5ftf÷/]g sf]6
(Umbrella/raincoat)
#%= /]g a'6 / ljG6/ a'6
(Rain boot & winter boot)
#^= 6jfOn]6 k]k/ / k]k/
6fjn (Toilet paper &
Paper towel)
#&= /a/ AofG8 (Rubber band)
#*= 6r{ nfO6 (Torch light)
#(= :6]Kn/÷:6]kn
(Stapler/staple)
$)= s}rL (Scissors)
$!= :s]n (Scale)
$@= 6]k (Tape)
$#= Un" (Glue)
$$= lk|G6/ / sfuh
(Printer and paper)
$%= gªu sf6g] (Nail cutter)
$^= /]h/ (Razor)
$&= ;]leª lqmd
(Shaving cream)
$*= ;]nkmf]g (cellphone)
$(= sfg ;kmf ug]{ :jfa
(Cotton swabs)
%)= x/]s df};dnfO{
pko'St n'ufx?
(Clothes for all seasons)
%!= k5f8L af]Sg]
emf]nf (Backpack)
%@= a'n]l6g af]8{÷lkg (Bul-
letin board/pushpins)
k|jL0fuf}td//fh]zsf]O/fnf

5. %@)!$;]K6]Da/,jif{%c+s^#
;fN6 n]s l;6Ldf d]/f] sd{ / efUo
aLr}df k9fO{ 5f8g] gfgL–afa'x¿sf] lrGtf 5
d]/f] gfd 3g b'nfn xf] . d
o'6f /fHosf] ;fN6 n]s l;6Ldf
a:5' . of] /fHodf !% ;o–
b]lv !& ;o e"6fgL z/0ffyL{
5g . ;/sf/L tYof+scg';f/
of] /fHodf ! xhf/ # ;o $@
hgf o'6f cfpg'ePsf] 5 . t/
a;fO{+–;/fO{, ljjfx, hGd, d[To'
cflbsf sf/0f ;+Vof tn–dfly
ePsf] x'g'k5{ .
cd]l/sL hLjg cf/De
d ;g @))* d] dlxgfdf
cd]l/sf cfPsf] x'F . oxLF cfPF
/ d a;] . xfd|f] k'g:yf{kgfdf
ljleGg ;+:yfn] sfd
u5{g . d]/f] kl/jf/sf]
k'g:yf{kgf OG6/g];gn /]:So'
sld6Ln] u/fPsf] xf] . oxfF
cfPkl5 pSt ;+:yfn] vf]h]sf]
…;]N; P;f]l;o6Ú sf] sfd u/]+ .
bz}+ cfof] . xfdLn] bz}+
kf6L{ cfof]hgf u¥of}+ . kf6L{df
/]ˆo'hL sf]–cl8{g]6/nfO{
af]nfPsf lyof}+ . ljleGg
ljifodf 5nkmn eof] . pgn]
s]xL lbgdf dnfO{ ^ dlxgfsf]
c:yfoL hflu/ vfg] k|:tfj
/fv] . d}n] vfPF . d]/f] uf8L
lyPg . d]/f bflh{lnªsf g]kfnL
bfh' x'g'x'G5, oxfF . pxfFn] uf8L
lsGg d2t ug'{eof] . clg d}n]
^ dlxgf bf]efif], cg'jfbs jf
ljleGg ;]jf–;'ljwf lng ;do
ldnfpg] sfd u/] . ;g @))
( dfr{b]lv ;g @)!$ h'g
@! ;Dd /]:So' sld6Ldf s];
js{/ /x]+ . h'g @# b]lv :6]6
/]ˆo'hL clkm;df sDo'lg6L
l/;f];{ :k]l;oln:6sf] lhDd]jf/L
lbOPsf] 5 .
;g @))( df e"6lgh
sDo'lg6L Og o'6f :yfkgf
u¥of}+ . z'?df cWoIf /x]+ .
cd]l/sL gful/stf
d}n] cd]l/sL gful/stf
lnPF . gful/stfsf] k/LIff
eg] k9]–n]v]sfnfO{ ufx|f] gx'g]
/x]5 . k9g g;Sg];d]tnfO{
klg xfdLn] lgs} d]x]gt
u/fof}+ / pxfFx?n] k/LIff kf;
ug'{ePsf] 5 . pd]/ 9Ns]sf
cu|hx?n] klg lgs} k|of;
u/]/ gful/stf lng' ePsf
pbfx/0f 5g .
efiff Pp6}, b"/L w]/}
xfdL oxfF cfPotf :yfgLo
s]xL g]kfnLn] xfdLnfO{ v'a
;xfotf ug'{eof] . t/ gfd}
n n
;/sf/sf] tYof+snfO{
cfwf/ dfGbf of] /fHodf
! xhf/ # ;o $@ e"6fgL
ePsf] b]lvG5 .
n n
z/0ffyL{ s+u|]; @)!! sf a]nf
/fhwfgL jfl;+u6g l8;Ldf af]Nb} /
kl/jf/sf ;fy 3g b'nfn
lng'kbf{ yf]/}sf] lng'k5{ .
pxfFx? / xfdL e"6fgL
g]kfnLaLr b"/L 5 . g]kfnLx?
Jofkf/–Joj;fo ug'{x'G5 .
o;/L Joj;fo ug]{x? dfq
xfdLglhs x'g'x'G5 .
Psbd} sd JolSt;Fu
JolStut ;Dks{ 5 . ;fd'lxs
k|of; 5}g . xfdLn] ;f+:s[lts
s]Gb| / dlGb/ agfpg] k|:tfj
/fvf}+ . vf;} ;'g'jfO{ ePg .
;fgf–7"nf gfgLx¿sf] lrGtf
cd]l/sL pRrlzIffsf nflu
;do kfOPsf] 5}g . ptf
kl9of] . oxfF cf}kl5 5f]/f–
5f]/LnfO{ g} k9fpgsf nflu
;do, k};f vlr{Psf] 5' .
t/ oxfF cfP/ aLr}df
k9fO{ 5f8g] gfgL–afa'x?sf]
lrGtf nfu]sf] 5 . sfd t
;fgf]–ltgf] kfOG5 .
sf]xL–sf]xL s'ntdf
km;]sf] / afa'–cfdf h:tf
cu|hsf] s'/f g;'g]sf] kfPsf]
5' . u'hf/f ug'{ dfq 7"nf] s'/f
xf]Og . of] cj;/sf] e"dLdf
/fd|f] sfd ug{ l;Sg'xf]; eg]/
eGg rfxG5' .
xfd|f ^) jf a9L pd]/df
j[4–j[4fdf lzIff gePsf]df h]
lrGtf 5, aLr}df k9fO{
5f8g]nfO{ ToxL x'g]5 .
3gb'nfnsf]km];a's
l6sfcfrfo{÷jfl;+u6gl8;L

6. Gyan Jyoti Kendra, 49 Lane Road, Chichester, NH 03258, Email : aksharica.communication@gmail.com, URL : http://gyanjyotikendra.org/,
Editor : Rajesh Koirala, Co-ordinator : Tara Acharya, Managing Director : Sattan Acharya
^
@)!$;]K6]Da/,jif{%c+s^#
la6 dfbf{dfb}{
;Gbe{M lzIffs}
:s"n÷sn]h v'Ng] ;do ePsfn]
lzIff g} ;fGble{s eof] .
To;}n] o; c+sdf klg lzIffsf
tLg ljifo ;d]6]sf 5f}+ .
:s"n] lzIffsf] s'/f ubf{
gfgLx¿sf] lzIffdf gfd rn]sf
/fHo s'g s'g x'g < eGg] rf;f]
;a}df 5 . xfdLn] o; c+ssf
Pp6f lgs} k|ltli7t ;+:yfsf]
k|ltj]bg k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ .
sn]h ÷ ljZjljBfnosf
af/]df n]v]/ cl3Nnf c+sx¿
el/P klg 5fqfjf;sf] hLjgdf
;xfos ;fdu|Lx¿sf] ;"rL
k|sflzt u/]sf 5f}+ .
o'6fsf 3g -1fg'_ b'nfnn]
klg lzIffnfO{ lgs} k|fyldstf
lbg' ePsf] 5 . gofF k':tfn]
u/]sf] lzIffk|ltsf] nfkjf{xLdf
7"nf] lrGtf JoSt ug'{ePsf]
5 . xf], klg of] d'n'snfO{
lzIffn] agfPsf] xf] . xfdLn]
w]/}n] a'em]sf] tYo klg olx
xf] . t/ a'emkrfpg' eg]
x'Gg . wGojfb
hg/n kbdf /fi6«klt cfOhgxfj/
gful/s k/LIff (Civic Test) sf]
k|Zg gDa/ *@ / pQ/M
à /fi6«klt x'g'eGbf klxn]
cfOhgxfj/ hg/n -;}lgssf]
kb_ x'g'x'GYof] . To;a]nf pxf“
s'g o'4df x'g'x'GYof] < (Before
he was President, Eisenhower
was a general. What war was
he in?)
– bf];|f] ljZj o'4
(World War II)
• •
;g !(%# df cd]l/sfsf] #$
cf}+ /fi6«klt x'g'cl3 8jfO6
l8= cfOhgxfj/ (Dwight
D. Eisenhower) n] bf];|f]
ljZjo'4df d]h/ hg/nsf
?kdf ;]jf ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
cd]l/sL ;]gfsf sdfG8/
tyf o'/f]k]nL u7aGwgsf] pRr
sdfG8/ ?kdf pxfFn] k|mfG;
(France) sf] gf]df{G8L (Nor-
mandy) df ;g !($$ h"g
^ df ePsf] o'4df ;kmntf
xfl;n ug'{ePsf] lyof] .
o;nfO{ l8–8] sAhf (D-Day
invasion) elgG5 .
;g !(%@ df pxfFn] ;lqmo
;}Go;]jfaf6 cjsfz kfpg'–
eof] . /, To;} jif{ pxfF
/fi6«kltdf lgjf{lrt x'g'eof] .
/fi6«klt ePkl5 pxfFn]
/fHo–/fHo hf]8g] /fhdfu{
k|0ffnL (interstate highway
system) :yfkgf ug'{eof] .
pxfFn] :jf:Yo ljefu, lzIff
tyf sNof0f ljefu -h;nfO{
clxn] :jf:Yo tyf dfgj ;]jf,
Health and Human Services
elgG5 ._ klg :yfkgf
ug'{eof] .
pxfFn] sf]l/ofnL o'4sf]
clGtd lgl/If0f klg ug'{eof] .
b'O{ sfo{sfn /fi6«kltsf
?kdf ;]jf u/]kl5
cfOhgxfj/n] ;g !(^! df
XjfO6 xfp; (White House)
5f8g'eof] .
cd]l/sfsf #$ cf}+ /fi6«klt 8jfO6 l8= cfOhgxfj/
• cellphone :
gfd– ;]nkmf]g, df]afOn kmf]g,
xftdf af]s]/ lx+8g] kmf]g .
• cent :
gfd– cd]l/sfsf] ;aeGbf ;fgf]
l;SsfM ;]G6 -;o ;]G6sf]
Ps 8n/ x'G5_, ;}s8f, zt+fz
-;osf] Ps efu_, ;of}+ efu,
k};f .
• centimetre / centimeter :
gfd– ;]G6Lld6/, Ps ld6/sf]
ztf+z .
• central :
ljz]if0f– s]lGb|o, d'Vo, s]Gb|e"t,
s]Gb|ut, dWout, dWojtL{,
c+u|]hL zAb ;"rL 31
c+u|]hLdf af]nrfn ug{ sl/a # xhf/ zAb eP k'U5, tL zAbdWo]sf #! cf}+ ;"rL -efu #!_
k|d'v .
• centre / center :
gfd– s]Gb|, aLr, dWo, ;b/,
dWo laGb', cf>o :yfg,
;Gt'ng laGb', rfFbdf/Lsf] s]Gb|,
cuf8Lsf] k+lStsf] aLrdf a;]/
v]Ng] v]nf8L, g/djfbL .
lqmof– s]lGb|t ug'{, hDdf ug'{,
emf]g'{, aLrdf hDdf ug'{ -lzsf/,
af3 O=_
• century :
gfd– ;o ;fn÷jif{, ztfAbL,
zts, .
• ceremony :
gfd– ;df/f]x, ljlw, ;+:sf/,
cfrf/, cg'i7fg, Jojxf/, k|yf,
l/lt, lzi6frf/ .
• certain :
ljz]if0f– kSsf, lglZrt,
7f]s'jf, l:y/, cjZoDefjL,
lgM;Gb]x, lgwf], lg:t's, lg:;],
lglj{jfb, v;f]vf;, s'g} klg,
s]xL, s'g} .
gfd– dWo] s]xL .
• certainly :
ljz]if0f– lgZro g},
lg;Gb]x, cjZod]o, kSsfkSsL
g}, c;+lbUw, ljZj:t ?kn],
h?/, cjZo .
qmdzM
whitehouse.gov