This document provides background information on the Hyogo Framework for Action (HFA). It discusses that disasters caused huge human and economic losses globally in 2008. The losses in 2008 were significantly higher than the average annual losses from 2000 to 2007. It mentions that 321 disaster events occurred globally in 2008 causing 2.35 million deaths and affecting 218 million people. The economic losses in 2008 were estimated at $181 billion US dollars, more than double the average annual losses of $81 billion from 2000 to 2007. It provides a brief introduction to disasters and risks in Nepal.

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ptfg{ ;xof]u k'Ug]vfnsf ;fdu|Lx? k':tsdf /flvPsf 5g .
g]kfnn] klg xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{Gjog ug]{ k|lta4tfcg'?k
xfn;Dd ePsf sfo{x?nfO{ klg o; k':tsdf ;+nUg ul/Psf] 5 .
g]kfnsf] kl/k|Iodf ljkb / xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf sfof{GjognfO{
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a'emg o; k':tsn] ;xhtf Nofpg] xfd|f] ck]Iff 5 .
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5. d"n ljifo;"rL
k[ i 7
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s_ kl/ro #
v_ ljkb hf]lvd / g]kfn %
u_ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf s] xf] < &
3_ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? !!
ª_ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? !!
r_ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]zs l;4fGtx?
{ !@
5_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($ !%
cWofo @ M x o f] u f] sfo{ ;+ / rgf k| f yldstfk| f Kt lqmofsnfkx? !&–()
s_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! @)
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xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=@ @$
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xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=$ #)
k/LIf0f ;"lr #@
v_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ ##
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=! #$
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xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=$ %^
k/LIf0f ;"lr %*

6. 3_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ %(
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=! ^)
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xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=# ^%
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xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=% &)
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xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=& &^
k/LIf0f ;"lr &*
ª_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % *)
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s_ /0fg}lts nIo k|flKtdf /fli6«o k|ult (#
v_ xof]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ ! sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult (^
u_ xof]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ @ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)@
3_ xof]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ # sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !)&
ª_ xof]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ $ sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !!$
r_ xof]uf] k|fyldstf sfo{ % sfof{Gjogdf /fli6«o k|ult !@)
cWofo $ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf pNn]Vo kIfx? !@*–!$@
s_ cGt/;DalGwt ;jfnx? !#)
v_ e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj !#@
u_ /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o d~r !#%
cu|gfd zAbx? (Acronyms) !$#
kl/eflifs zAbx? (Terminology) !$%
;Gbe{uGy (References)
| !%)

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3_ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? !!
ª_ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? !!
r_ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]zs l;4fGtx?
{ !@
5_ of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($ !%
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn @

9. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
kl/ro
ljZjdf a9b} uO/x]sf] ljkbsf 36gfx? / o;af6 j[l4 x'b} uPsf] dfgjLo,
“
cfly{s / c? k|sf/sf Ifltx?af6 ljZj g} k|tfl8t alg/x]sf] 5 . tYof+sx?
s]nfpg] xf] eGg] kl5Nnf] jif{ @))* g]kfn / ljZjs} ;Gbe{df klg k|sf]ksf]
Ifltsf] b[li6sf]0fn] b'vbfoL /xof] .
CRED / UNISDR n] ;g @))( hgj/Ldf ;fj{hlgs u/]sf] ljj/0f cg';f/
;g @))) b]lv ;g @))& sf] aLrdf ljkbsf 36gfx?af6 ePsf] cf};t jflif{s
Iflt -dfgjLo / cfly{s_ eGbf ;g @))* df ePsf] Iflt pNn]Vo?kdf j[l4
ePsf] 5 . ;g @))* df kl5Nnf] ;ft jif{sf] t'ngfdf dfgjLo Iflt tLg u'0ffn]
/ cfly{s Iflt b'O{ u'0ffn] j[l4 ePsf] 5 .
;g @))* df ljZjel/ hDdf #@! j6f ljkbsf 36gfx? eP h;df @,#%,*!^
hgfsf] d[To' eof] eg] @! s/f]8 dflg; k|efljt x'gk'u] . hals ;g @)))–@))&
sf] aLrdf cf};tdf jflif{s ^^,*!@ hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] . DofGdf/sf]
glu{; ;fOSnf]g -rqmjft_ / rLgsf] l;r'cfg k|fGtdf ePsf] e"sDkaf6 a9L
dfgjLo Iflt x'gk'Uof] . DofGdf/df !,#*,#^^ hgfsf] / rLgdf *&,$&^
hgfsf] lgwg ePsf] lyof] .
ljkbaf6 ePsf] cfly{s Ifltsf] s'/f ug]{ xf] eg] ;g @)))–@))& sf] aLrsf]
cf};t jflif{s Iflt *! lalnog ca{ 8n/ ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] lyof] t/ ;g
@))* df o;sf] bf]Aa/eGbf klg a9L !*! lalnog 8n/sf] Iflt x'guof] .
rLgsf] l;r'cfg k|fGtdf uPsf] e"sDkaf6 *% lalnog 8n/ / cd]l/sfdf
cfPsf] ;fOSnf]g -rqmjft_ af6 #) lalnog 8n/sf] Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg
ul/Psf] 5 .
# xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

10. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
;g @))* df Pl;ofnL dxfb]z ljkbsf 36gfx?af6 a9L k|efljt /xof] . ;f] jif{
ljZjdf ePsf d'Vo !) j6f ljkbsf 36gfx?dWo] gf}j6f Pl;ofnL /fi6«x?df
ePsf] lyof] .
;g @))) b]lv ;g @))* ;Ddsf] k|sf]k ?k/]vf
jif{ 36gf ;+Vof
@))) $!#
@))! #&(
@))@ $@@
@))# #^)
ldlnog cd]l/sL 8n/df
DffgjLo Ifltsf cfwf/df ;g @))* df k| f s[ l ts k| s f] k
k|sf/
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11. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
k| s f] k ;+ V ofsf cfwf/df b] z x? -@))*_
rLg
lkmlnlkG;
;+o'Qm /fHo cd]l/sf
OG8f]g]l;of
leotgfd
k|lt Psnfv hg;+Vofdf d[To' ePsf / k|efljt hg;+Vof -@))*_
Tffhls:tfg
lhafp6L (Djibouti)
;f]dflnof
Ol/l6«of
PlG6u'cf / ad"[{8f
>f]t M CRED / UNISDR
ljkb hf]lvd / g]kfn
g]kfndf x/]s jif{ ljkbdf kl/ Psxhf/eGbf a9L dflg;sf] d[To' x'g] u/]sf]
5 . cf};tdf x/]s lbg b'O{ g]kfnL ljkb jf o;sf sf/0f l;lh{t kl/l:yltn]
% xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

12. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
ubf{ d[To'j/0f ul//x]sf 5g . ljut #% jif{sf] tYof+scg';f/ ljkbsf 36gfaf6
jflif{s Psnfv #% xhf/ dflg; k|efljt x'g] u/]sf 5g . ljleGg If]qaf6 k|fKt
tYof+scg';f/ x/]s jif{ !^ xhf/ kl/jf/ ljkbsf sf/0f cfkmgf 3/af;
u'dfP/ lj:yflkt x'gu/]sf 5g . kl5Nnf] ;dodf ljkbsf] cfj[lQ / Ifltsf] of]
]
qmd / dfqfdf lg/Gt/ j[l4 x'b} uO/x]sf] 5 . g]kfn ;/sf/ u[x dGqfnosf
“
cg';f/ ljkbsf sf/0f jflif{s cf};t ? ! ca{ @) s/f]8 *) nfv ?k}of“
a/fa/sf] cfly{s Iflt eO/x]sf] 5 .
lj1x?sf cg';f/ g]kfn ljZjsf !(* d'nsdWo] e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf] lx;fan]
'
!! cf}+ / kfgLhGo k|sf]kaf6 x'g] Ifltsf lx;fan] #) cf}+ :yfgdf 5 . ljZjsf
k|dv zx/x?dWo] sf7df8f}+ pkTosf e"sDkLo ljgfzsf] b[li6n] ;a}eGbf a9L
'
hf]lvddf /x]sf] atfOPsf] 5 . ;g !(() ;fndf uPsf] *=$ /]S6/ :s]n
a/fa/sf] e"sDk hfg] xf] eg] sf7df8f}+ pkTosfdf $) xhf/sf] d[To' x'g, (%
]
xhf/ 3fOt] x'g] / ^) k|ltzteGbf a9L 3/x? 9Ng] cg'dfg lj1x?sf] 5 .
;g !()) b]lv ;g @))* ;Dddf ljkb jf ljkbn] lgDTofPsf kl/l:yltn] ubf{
@! xhf/ *@* g]kfnLsf] d[To' eO;s]sf] 5 . -;|ft M BM-DAT_ . o;dWo]
]
e"sDksf sf/0f ((@( hgfsf], af9Lsf] sf/0f %^(& hgfsf], dxfdf/Lsf]
sf/0f $!*! hgfsf] / klx/f]sf] sf/0f !&@* hgfsf] d[To' ePsf] kfOPsf] 5 .
;f]xL cjlwdf ljkbn] ubf{ ** nfv ## xhf/ @^$ g]kfnL k|efljt x'gsf] ;fy}
'
sl/a ? @&=@$ va{sf] cfly{s Iflt ePsf] cg'dfg ul/Psf] 5 .
ljkb;DaGwL lgDg tYox?n] klg g]kfndf hf]lvdsf] cj:yfnfO{ k|i6 kfb{5 M
– x/]s jif{ $@) eGbf a9L ljkbsf 36gfx? x'g] ub{5g .
– x/]s jif{ ljkbsf sf/0fn] !))) eGbf a9Lsf] Hofg hfg] ub{5 .
– x/]s jif{ ljkbsf sf/0f *) eGbf a9L ge]l6g] u/L x/fO/x]sf x'G5g .
– x/]s jif{ !^,))) eGbf a9L kl/jf/ ljkbsf sf/0f lj:yflkt x'G5g .
– x/]s jif{ !,#%,))) eGbf a9L g]kfnx? ljkbaf6 k|efljt aG5g .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn ^

13. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
– x/]s jif{ ljkbsf sf/0f ? !,@)*,))),))) eGbf a9Lsf] cfly{s Iflt x'g]
ub{5 .
– x/]s jif{ ljkbsf sf/0f s'n ufx{:Yo pTkfbgsf] cf};t $ k|ltzt Iflt
x'gub{5 .
]
-;|ft M u[x dGqfno, Pg;]6÷o"Pgl8kL, PS;gP8 @))&_
]
ljkb;DaGwL g]kfnsf k|dv ;jfn / ;'wf/ ug'kg]{ If]qx? lgDg /x]sf 5g M
' {
– ljkb;DaGwL cNk1fgsf] lgjf/0f
– /fxtd'vL ljkb Aoj:yfkgdf ;'wf/
– k|efjsf/L ;dGjo / ;xeflutf
– ljsf; / ljkbsf] ;DaGw hf]8g] gLlt
– k'/ftg sfg"gL Aoj:yfdf kl/jt{g
– k|efjsf/L ;+:yfut ;+/rgf
– ljkb Aoj:yfkg of]hgf
– /fhgLlts r]tgf / k|lta4tf
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf s] xf] <
ljZjAofkL ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;+oQm /fi6«;3sf ;b:o /fi6«x?n]
' +
cg'df]bg u/]sf] ;femf /0fgLlt g} æxof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfÆ (Hyogo Framework
of Action) xf] . ;g @))%sf] !*–@@ hgj/Ldf hfkfgsf] sf]a] zx/df
cfof]lht bf]>f] ;+oQm /fi6«;3Lo ljkb Go"gLs/0f ljZj ;Dd]ngdf ljZjsf
' +
!^* /fi6«x?n] ;j{;Ddt?kdf xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfnfO{ cg'df]bg ub}{ cjnDag
ug]{ k|lta4tf hgfPsf lyP .
;f] ;Dd]ngdf tL /fi6«x?sf rf/xhf/eGbf a9L k|ltlglwx?sf] ;xeflutf /x]sf]
lyof] . x/]s b]zsf ;/sf/L, u}/;/sf/L, k|fl1s Pjd lghL ;+:yfsf k|ltlglwx?sf]
;f] ;Dd]ngdf ;xeflutf /x]sf] lyof] .
& xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

14. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
bzjif{sf] cjlwdf -;g @)!% ;Dddf_ ljkbsf] sf/0fn] x'g] dfgjLo, ;fdflhs,
cfly{s / jftfj/0fLo IfltnfO{ pNn]Vo?kdf sd u/fO x/]s /fi6« / ;d'bfox?nfO{
k|sf]klj?4 pTyfgzLntf -resilience)sf] ljsf; u/fpg] dxTjk"0f{ kl/0ffdsf]
o;n] ck]Iff /fv]sf] 5 .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] kf“rj6f k|fyldstfsf sfo{x?nfO{ lglb{i6 u/]sf] 5 .
o;sf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu dfu{–lgb]zs l;4fGtx? to ul/g'sf] ;fy}
{
ljkbsf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfonfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] k[i7e"lddf pTyfgzLntfsf]
ljsf; u/fpg Aojxfl/s tl/sfx? ;d]t o;n] l;kmfl/z u/]sf] 5 .
ljsf;sf of]hgf / /0fgLltsf] s]Gb|ljGb'sf]?kdf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
x'gkg]{ cjwf/0ffnfO{ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . k|sf]kn] ljsf;sf]
'
pknAwLnfO{ r'gf}tL lbg] / ul/aL a9fpg] x'gfn] a]ndf uDeL/ sbd grflnP
}
;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIosf] k|dv tuf/f] g} k|sf]kLo Iflt x'g;Sg]tkm{ xof]uf] sfo{
'
;+/rgfn] ;r]t u/fPsf] 5 .
;f] ;Dd]ngn] tLgj6f k|:tfjx?nfO{ cg'df]bg u/]sf] lyof] . klxnf] k|:tfj cf7
a'b] xof]uf] 3f]if0ffkq (Hyogo Declaration), bf]>f] k|:tfj xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf
"
@))%–@)!% M ljkblj?4 /fi6« / ;d'bfox?df pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f (Hyogo
Framework of Action 2005-2015 : Building the Resilience of
Nations and Communities to Disasters) /x]sf] lyof] . o:t} t]>f] k|:tfj
qm]8lG6on sld6L (credential committee)sf] k|ltj]bg /x]sf] lyof] .
]
xof]uf] 3f]if0ffkqdf lgDg cf7 a'bfx? pNn]v ul/Psf 5g M
“
!_ PSsfO{;f}+ ztfAbLdf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ultljlwx?nfO{ cem
;zQm kfg{ ;fGble{s cGt/f{li6«o k|lta4tf / ;+/rgfx? xfdL lgdf{0f ug]5f}+ .
{
;fy} ;x;|fAbL 3f]if0ffkqdf pNn]v ePsf;lxt cGt/f{li6«o?kdf ;xdlt hgfOPsf
ljsf;sf nIox? k"/f ug]{ k|lta4tf ;d]t xfdL hgfp“b5f}+ . ljZjAofkL?kdf
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn *

15. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
ul/aL x6fpg] k|of;x?df ljkbsf 36gfx?n] ult/f]w k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 . lbuf]
ljsf;sf] nflu ljkbsf] c;/ uDeL/ r'gf}tLsf] ?kdf v8f ePsf] 5 .
@_ lbuf] ljsf;, ul/aL lgjf/0f / c? tTjx?sf] ljkb Go"gLs/0f;“u /x]sf]
cGof]Gofl>t ;DaGwnfO{ xfdLn] klxNofPsf 5f}+ . ;/sf/L, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;+u7gx?, ljlQo ;+:yfx?, u}/;/sf/L ;+:yf / :jod;js;lxtsf] gful/s
]
;dfh, lghL If]q, j}1flgs ;d'bfonufotsf] ;xeflutfsf] dxTjnfO{ xfdLn]
cfTd;ft u/]sf 5f}+ . of] ;Dd]ngsf] bf}/fg Pjd k"jtof/Lsf] k|lqmofdf ePsf
{
;a} ;fGble{s sfo{x?nfO{ xfdL :jfut ub{5f}+ .
#_ ljkb /f]syfd / pTyfgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt / o;;“u hf]l8Psf k"j–ljkb {
/0fgLltx? :j:y nufgLx? x'g / o;nfO{ AolQmb]lv cGt/f{li6«o;Ddsf ;Dk"0f{
txx?df ;Da4{g ug'kb{5 eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f}+ . k|slthGo k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf
{ [
dfgj ;dfh af“Rg kl//x]sf] 5 . o;f] ePtfklg xfdL tL zlQmxLg dflg;x?sf
;fd' k'Ug ;ls/x]sf 5}gf}+ hf] k|sf]k k"jtof/L / c;/nfO{ cNkLs/0f ug{ cIfd
{
5g . h;sf nflu ljkb Go"gLs/0f rqmsf] k[i7e"lddf gful/s–s]lGb|t k"j– {
r]tfjgL k|0ffnL, hf]lvd d"Nof+sg, lzIff Pjd c? k"jlqmofd'vL, PsLs[t,
{
ax'–k|sf]kLo, ax'–If]qut kxn / ultljlwx?nfO{ dfWod agfpg ;lsG5 . ljkb
hf]lvd, k|sf]k / o;sf] c;/ uDeL/ vt/fsf]?kdf plePklg k|ltsfo{nfO{
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug]{ / eljiodf ;+s6f;Ggtf sd ug]{ sfo{x?tkm{ pGd'v
u/fpg ;Sg'kb{5 / ug}kb{5 .
{
$_ xfd|f] of] b[9tf 5 ls s'g} klg b]zsf gful/ssf] hLpwgsf] ;'/Iff ug]{ k|dv'
bfloTj /fHosf] xf] . t;y{ /fHosf] Ifdtf / ;|ftcg'?k ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
]
/fli6«o gLltdf k|fyldstf lbg' clt g} dxTjk"0f{ 5 . xfdL s] s'/fdf ;xdt 5f}+
eg] :yfgLotxdf ljkb hf]lvdnfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;d'bfotxsf] Ifdtf clej[l4
ug'{ cTofjZos 5 . gful/s / ;d'bfodf ljkbsf 36gfx? hLjg, hLljsf,
cfTd;Ddfg / ;'/Iffsf] k|dv r'gf}tLx? x'g . cem ljz]iftM ul/ax?sf] nflu .
'
t;y{ ljkbsf] vt/fdf /x]sf ljsf;f]Gd'v / sdljsl;t /fi6«x? Pjd ljsl;t
( xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

16. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
/fi6«sf ;–;fgf 6fk'x?df ljkbsf] hf]lvd sd ug'{ tTsfnsf] cfjZostf xf] .
o;sf] nflu ;'b9 /fli6«o k|of;x? / ljsl;t låkIfLo, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
[
;xsfo{sf] ;xfotf lnOg'kb{5 .
%_ xfdL, t;y{, ‘xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @))%–@)!% M ljkblj?4 /fi6« / ;d'bfox?sf]
pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f’ nfO{ :jLsf/ ub{5f}+ . o;sf /0fg}lts nIox?, cfzf
ul/Psf pknAwLx?, k|fyldstfsf sfo{x?, sfof{Gjog /0fgLltx? / cg'udg
ultljlwx? csf]{ bzs;Dd ljkb Go"gLs/0f ug]{ dfu{–lgb]zsLo ;+/rgf x'g5g .
{ ]
^_ xfdL ljZjf; ub{5f}+} ls xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf ;a} txdf d"t?kdf cg'jflbt
{
ug{ o;sf pknAwLx?nfO{ ljkb Go" g Ls/0fsf] cGt/f{ l i6« o /0fgLlt
(International Strategy For Disaster Reduction) dfkm{t cg'udg
ul/g'kb{5 . xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf cfzf ul/Psf pknAwL / /0fg}lts nIox?nfO{
xfl;n ug{ lglZrt kl/l:yltx? / Ifdtfx?sf] cfwf/df pko'Qm ;"rs
(indicator)sf] ljsf; ul/g'kb{5 eGg] xfdLn] a'em]sf 5f}+ . ljleGg
;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;xof]ufTds efjgf / ;fd"lxszlQmsf] k[i7kf]if0f ug]{ lsl;dsf
cGtlqm{ofx? Pjd :jod;jL u7aGwgnfO{ ;Da4{g ug]{ ultljlwx?n] ljkb
]
Go"gLs/0fdf k'¥ofpg] ;xof]usf] xfdLn] dgg u/]sf 5f}+ . ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgsf]
;+oGqnfO{ cem ljsf; u/]/ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdx?, k|of;x?,
/fd|f cEof;x?, l;sfOx?, k|ljlwx?, kl/0ffdx? / kmfObfx?nfO{ cGt/f{li6«o
;d'bfoaLr af“8g xfdL sl6a4 5f}+ .
&_ xfdL ca ;a} txsf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;t ‘sfo{’ (action)sf] nflu cfxjfg
ub}{ ;fGble{s / ljlzi6 cg'ej ePsfx?;“u of]ubfgsf] ck]Iff ub{5f}+ . xfdL of]
s'/fk|lt ;r]t 5f}+ ls of] ljZj ;Dd]ngsf] pknAwLnfO{ d"t?k lbg] sfo{ xfd|f]
{
lg/Gt/ / cys ;fd"lxs k|of;, alnof] /fhg}lts OR5fzlQm Pjd ;femf
lhDd]jf/L / nufgLdf lge{/ /x]sf] 5 . xfd|f] jt{dfg / efjL lk9L+sf] lxtsf]
lglDt csf]{ bzsleq ljkbsf] hf]lvdaf6 ljZjnfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{ h?/L 5 .
*_ of] ljZj ;Dd]ngsf] cfltYotf k|bfg ug]{ hfkfgsf] ;/sf/ / hfkfgL hgtf,
ljz]ifu/L xof]uf] If]qsf hgtfx?sf] xfdL cToGt k|z;f ub{5f}+ .
+
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn !)

17. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf /0fg}lts nIox? M
s_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lbuf] ljsf;sf] /0fgLlt, of]hgf / sfo{qmdx?df
cem k|efjsf/L?kdf / ;a} txdf ;dflxt ug]{ . ;fy} ljkb /f]syfd (prevention),
cNkLs/0f (mitigation), k"j{tof/L (preparedness_ / ;+s6f;Ggtf
(vulnerability) Go"gLs/0fdf ljz]if hf]8 lbg] .
v_ ljz]iftM ;d'bfosf] txdf k|0ffnLut of]ubfg lbg;Sg] u/L ljkblj?4
pTyfgzLntf (resilience) sf] lgdf{0f / ;'b9Ls/0f ug{ ;+:yf, ;+oGq /
[
Ifdtfx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
u_ cfkTsfnLg k"jtof/L, k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf of]hgf agfp“bf / sfo{qmd
{
sfof{Gjog ubf{ hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ k|0ffnLut ;dfof]hg
ug]{ .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? M
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] kf“rj6f k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? klxrfg u/]sf] 5 . o;nfO{
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d'Vo efu klg dfGg ;lsG5 . k|To]s k|fyldstf cGtu{tsf
;Defljt sfo{x?nfO{ o; ;+/rgfn] lj:t[t?kdf AofVof u/]sf] 5 .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ ! M
alnof] ;+:yfut cfwf/;lxt ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstf
x'g5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
]
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ @ M
ljkbsf hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg, lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"jrtfjgL lbg]
{ ]
Aoj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
!! xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

18. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ # M
;a} txdf ljkb ;'/Iff / pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ lzIff, 1fg / gjLgtd
tf}/tl/sfsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ $ M
hf]lvdsf cGtlglx{t tTjx?nfO{ Go"gLs/0f ug]{ .
k|fyldstfsf] sfo{ % M
;a} txdf k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{sf] nflu ljkb k"jtof/LnfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ .
{
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf dfu{–lgb]{zs l;4fGtx? M
!_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] sfof{Gjogdf /fHosf] k|dv pQ/bfloTj /xG5 .
'
lbuf] ljsf;sf] nflu /fHo nufgLsf] dxTjk"0f{ lx:;fsf] ?kdf ljkb hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0f /xg'kb{5 . k|sf]kaf6 cfkmgf gful/ssf] ;'/Iff ug{ / ;DklQ
hf]ufpg /fHo;“u zlQm /x]sf] x'G5 . t/ /fHo PSn}n] dfq of] sfd ug{ ;Sb}g .
ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf w]/} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] e"ldsfdf lge{/
/x]sf] x'G5 . h:t} M If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?, :jod;js;lxtsf] gful/s
]
;dfh, lghL If]q, ;+rf/dfWod, j}1flgs ;d'bfo cflb OToflb .
@_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljsf;sf ultljlwx?;“u PsLs[t ul/g'kb{5 .
ljkbn] hLjg, hLljsfnfO{ w/fzfoL kfl//x]sf] 5 / w]/} dflg;nfO{ ul/aLsf]
s'rqmaf6 p7g lbO/x]sf] 5}g . sl7g ;+3if{ / 7"nf] nufgLaf6 k|fKt ljsf;sf
pknAwLx?nfO{ ;d]t ljkbn] lg:t]h ul//x]sf] 5 . o:tf] Ifltaf6 hf]ufpg
/fHon] ljsf;sf /0fgLltx?df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf sfo{qmdnfO{ ;dflxt
ug'kb{5, ljsf; of]hgfsf] dxTjk"0f{ kf6f]sf]?kdf ljkbsf] ;Defljt vt/f
{
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn !@

19. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
klxNofpg'kb{5, cfjZos ;|ft ljlgof]hg ug'kb{5 / If]qut of]hgfx?df klg of]
] {
nfu" ul/g'kb{5 . ljkbn] ljZjel/ k'¥ofO/x]sf] IfltnfO{ dWogh/ ub}{ cGt/f{li6«o
ljsf; a}sx?, cGt/f{li6«o ;xfotf ;+:yfx?n] ljsf; of]hgf / cEof;x?df
+
ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ a9bf] dxTjsf] ;fy ;+nUg u/fO/x]sf 5g .
dfgjLo ;xfotf sfo{df ;+nUg ;+:yfx?n] klg ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
cfkmgf gLlt / sfo{qmdx?sf] cfwf/e"ttTjsf] ?kdf dfGb} cfPsf 5g . h;n]
ubf{ dfgjLo k|ltsfo{ / ;xfotfsf] cfjZostf / dfqf 36b} hfg] ljZjf;
pgLx?sf] 5 .
#_ ;fdfGotof Pp6f ;d'bfo w]/} k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] vt/fdf /x]sf] x'G5 .
rfx] Tof] k|fs[lts (natural) xf];, dfgjhGo (human-induced) xf]; jf
jftfj/0fLo (environmental), k|fBf]lusLo (technological), ef}ule{sLo
}
(geological), h}ljsLo (biological) cflb g} lsg gxf]; . t;y{ ax'ksf]kLo
|
kxnsbdLn] g} ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tf a9fpg ;Sb5 .
lglZrt k|sf/sf] k|sf]knfO{ 5gf}6 u/L sfof{Gjog ul/Psf sfo{qmdx?n] ljkb
hf]lvdnfO{ k|efjsf/L?kdf ;fdgf ug{ ;Sb}g . ax'ksf]kLo kxn eGgfn] ;a}
|
k|sf/sf k|sf]kx?sf] 1fgnfO{ Pscsf{;u hf]8b} ljkb hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg,
“
/fhg}lts /0fgLltx?, Aoj;flos d"Nof+sgx?, k|fljlws ljZn]if0fx?,;+rfng
Ifdtfx? Pjd hgdfg;sf] a'emfOx?df ptfb}{ n}hfg] eGg] a'emgkb{5 h;af6
'
vr{–nfesf] b[li6 / sfo{ k|efjsfl/tfsf] lx;fadf 7"nf] pknAwL xft nfUg
;sf]; .
$_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] s]Gb|ljGb'df /x]sf] /0fgLlt g} Ifdtf ljsf; xf] .
gful/s, ;+u7g / ;d'bfon] ljkbsf] hf]lvdnfO{ cfkm}n] Aoj:yfkg ug{ ;Sg]
+
agfpg Ifdtf ljsf; ckl/xfo{ 5 . Ifdtf ljsf; eGgfn] tflnd / ljlzi6
k|fljlws ;xfotf dfq xf]Og, cfkmgf] ;d'bfosf] ljkb hf]lvd klxrfg ug]{ /
hf]lvd sd ub}{ n}hfg] IfdtfnfO{ cem ;'b9 t'Nofpg' klg xf] . o; cGtu{t lbuf]
[
k|ljlw x:tfGt/0f, ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfg, ;+oGq ljsf;, Aoj:yfksLo ;Lk,
Aoj;flos ;Da4tfx?, ;|ft kl/rfng cflb klg kb{5g . Ifdtf ljsf;sf
]
!# xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

20. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
sfo{qmdx? tL ;+:yfx?af6 dfq} lbuf] x'g;S5 h;n] o;}nfO{ cfkmgf] :yfoL p2]Zo
agfPsf] xf]; .
%_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ljs]Gb|Ls[t pQ/bfloTj csf]{ dxTjk"0f{
s'/f xf] . ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf w]/} ultljlwx? If]qLo txdf, gu/kflnsf
txdf jf ufp“ txdf ;+rfng ug{ cfjZos x'G5 . ljkbsf] s]xL k|dv hf]lvd
'
tTjx? h:t} e"–pkof]usf] lgwf{/0f, ejg lgdf{0f :jLs[lt h:tf s'/fx? :yfgLo
txsf] k|zf;sLo pQ/bfloTjleq kb{5g . t;y{ :yfgLo txsf ljlzi6 tTjx?sf]
klxrfg u/L k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ hgfpg pQ/bfloTj / ;|ft b'jsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f
] }
ul/g}kb{5 . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fn] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf :yfgLo ;xeflutf j[l4
ug{ pTk|/0ff hufpg'sf] ;fy} sfo{ r':ttfdf ;'wf/ Nofp“b5 .
]
^_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] k|efjsfl/tfsf]nflu hg;xeflutf geO{ x'bg .“}
;d'bfo ;lDdlnt eP/ lqmofsnfkx? th'df ul/P dfq tL cfjZostfdf
{
cfwfl/t 5g / jf:tljs ;+s6f;Ggtflj?4 pGd'v 5 eGg ;lsG5 . hgtfsf]
;"lrt–;xeflutfn] k|sf]ksf] a]nfdf b]lvg] ;d:ofnfO{ sd ug{ lgs} 7"nf] 6]jf
k'¥ofp“b5 . ;xeflutfd"ns kxnsbdLn] k|sf]klj?4 k':tf}blv k|of]u x'b} cfPsf]
+] “
;gftg 1fg (indigenous knowledge) nfO{ cem k|efjsf/L agfp“b5 .
:yfgLo cjwf/0ffx?nfO{ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfk / lg0f{ox?df
;dfof]hg ug{ ;lsof] eg] ljkbsf] hf]lvd / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ ;d'bfon] klxrfg
u/]sf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 . hg;xeflutfn] ;+:yfut k|lqmofx?df, hf]lvd
n]vfhf]vf sfo{df / gLlt sfo{qmd th'df ubf{ klg k|ToIfk/f]If?kdf ;kmntfsf]
{
nflu ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] x'G5 .
&_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf lghL–;fj{hlgs ;fem]bf/L (Private–Public
Partnership) klg dxTjk"0f{ ljlw xf] . k|fs[lts k|sf]kn] lghL / ;fj{hlgs
b'j} If]qnfO{ k|efljt kfb{5 . t;y{ oL b'O{ If]qsf] ;fem]bf/Ln] b'jsf] cfcfkmgf
}
;|ft / lj1tfnfO{ ;+oQm?kdf kl/rfng u/L ;Defljt Ifltaf6 hf]ufpg /
] '
;d'bfosf] pTyfgzLntfsf] ljsf; ug{ dxTjk"0f{ ;3fp k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 . o;df
;fj{hlgs If]q eGgfn] ;/sf/L lgsfo, Aoj;flos ;+3;+:yfx?, k|fl1s ;+:yfx?,
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn !$

21. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx? cflb a'emgkb{5 eg] lghL If]q eGgfn] cf}Bf]lus, Aofkfl/s
'
;+:yfx?, tL ;Da4 ;+3;+u7gx?, lghL k|lti7fgx? cflbnfO{ a'emfp“b5 .
*_ ljkbsf] hf]lvd / ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjogdf n}lus ;jfn
+
klg plQs} dxTjk"0f{ x'g cfp“5 . ljutdf ePsf ljkbsf 36gfx?n] s] hgfPsf]
5 eg] sd cfh{g ug]{ / ljljw sf/0fn] ;LdfGts[t ePsf -h:t} M j}jflxs
cj:yf, zf/Ll/s b'antf, ;fdflhs / hftLo e]befj cflb_ dlxnfx?n] a9L
{
;f:tL v]Kg' kl//x]sf] 5 . ;d'bfosf] txdf dlxnfx? ljkb hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
ug{;Sg] alnof] l:yltdf /x]sf x'G5g lsgeg] pgLx? cfkm}+ k|fs[lts ;|ftsf]
]
pkef]Qmf / Aoj:yfks x'gu/]sf 5g . t;y{ n}lus b[li6n] klg ljlzi6Ls[t
] +
;"rgfsf] klxrfg u/L k|of]u ul/g'kb{5 . ;fy} hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf /0fgLltx?
k'?if / dlxnf b'jsf] e"ldsfnfO{ Vofn ub}{ cjnDag ul/b+5 eGg] s'/fsf]
} }
;'lglZrttf x'gkb{5 .
'
(_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx? /fHosf] lglZrt ;+/rgf cg'sn "
x'g] u/L ul/g'kb{5 . ljleGg /fi6«x?sf] km/s–km/s /fhg}lts, ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, ;f+:s[lts, jftfj/0fLo / k|sf]ksf kl/l:yltx?df tL lqmofsnfkx?
lge{/ /xG5 . kl/df0ftM Ps 7fp“df ;kmn ePsf] sfo{qmd x'ax' p:t} ug{ vf]Hbf
csf]{ 7fp“df klg ;kmn g} x'G5 eGg ;lsb+g . t;y{ c? 7fp“sf l;sfO cg'ej
}
/ kf7x?, cEof;x?nfO{ n]vfhf]vf u/L :yfgLo ;Gbe{df To;sf] pko'Qmtf
lgSof}n u/]/ dfq lqmofsnfkx? to ul/g'kb{5 . o;f] ubf{ ;f+:s[lts / eflifs
{
ljljwtf, wd{, hftLotf, /fhg}lts k|0ffnL, k|slt;“usf] P]ltxfl;s ;DaGw,
[
;d'bfo / kfl/jfl/s ;~hfn Pjd g]tTj k|0ffnL, k/Dk/fut clwsf/x? cflb
[
OToflbaf/] Psbd} ;r]t /xg'kb{5 . oL tTjx?nfO{ ;'?jftd} x[boªud u/]/ dfq
gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx?sf] th'df ul/g'kb{5 .
{
of]sf]xfdf /0fgLlt !(($
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0fsf] nflu of]sf]xfdf /0fgLltn] alnof] cfwf/
k|bfg u/]sf] 5 . ;g !(($ df cjnDag ul/Psf] o; /0fgLltn] ljkb hf]lvd
!% xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

22. cWofo ! M k[i7e"ld
Go"gLs/0f / k|sf]ksf] c;/ sd ug{ dxTjk"0f{ dfu{lgb]zg tof/ u¥of] .
{
of]sf]xfdf /0fgLltsf] sfo{ ;dLIffsf] qmddf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|dv
'
r'gf}tLx?sf] klxrfg ul/Psf] lyof] . tL r'gf}tL / b]lvPsf l/Qmttfx?nfO{
lgDgfg';f/ kf“r If]qdf pNn]v ul/Psf] lyof] M
s_ ;'zf;g M ;+u7gfTds, sfg"gL / gLltut ;+/rgfx? .
v_ hf]lvd klxrfg, d"Nof+sg, cg'udg / k"jrtfjgL .
{ ]
u_ 1fg Aoj:yfkg / lzIff .
3_ ljBdfg hf]lvdsf tTjx?sf] Go"gLs/0f .
ª_ k|efjsf/L k|ltsfo{ / k'gnf{esf] k"jtof/L .
{
of]sf]xfdf /0fgLltn] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;a} kIfx?df k"jlqmofzLn
{
cjwf/0ff (proactive approach) cg';f/ gful/snfO{ :yfgLo ;d'bfox?df
g} ;';lrt ug], pTk|l/t ug]{ / ;+nUg u/fpg'kg]{ s'/fdf hf]8 lbPsf] lyof] . o;n]
" { ]
ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf p2]Zox?nfO{ xfl;n ug{ ljsf; ah]6af6 5'§ofOPsf]
;|ft lgs} g} ck'u /x]sf] eGb} /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o txdf cfly{s ;+oGq
]
/ ;xsfo{ j[l4 ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn !^

23. xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

24. cWofo @
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf
k|fKt lqmofsnfkx?
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn !&

25. ljifo;"rL
k[i7
cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfkx?
s_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! @)–#@
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=! @!
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=@ @$
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=# @&
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !=$ #)
k/LIf0f ;"lr #@
v_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ ##–$^
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=! #$
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=@ #&
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=# $)
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @=$ $#
k/LIf0f ;"lr $^
u_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # $&–#$
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=! $*
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=@ %)
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=# %$
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk #=$ %^
k/LIf0f ;"lr %*
!* xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

26. 3_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $ %(–&(
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=! ^)
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=@ ^#
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=# ^%
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=$ ^&
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=% &)
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=^ &@
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk $=& &^
k/LIf0f ;"lr &*
ª_ xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk % *)–%^
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=! *!
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=@ *$
xof]uf] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk %=# *^
k/LIf0f ;"lr ()
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn !(

27. k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk !
ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o / :yfgLo k|fyldstfdf /xg] s'/f
;'lglZrt ug]{ . o;sf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;zQm ;+:yfut cfwf/x?
tof/ ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sfof{Gjogsf] nflu Psflt/ /fhg}lts k|lta4tf
/ ;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf cfjZos /xG5 eg] csf]lt/ ;+:yfut, sfg"gL /
{
sfo{;rfng ;+oGqx?nfO{ ljsf; ug{ jf ;'b9 ug{ h?/L 5 . of] k|fyldstfk|fKt
+ [
lqmofsnfkn] ljsf;sf of]hgfx?df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;dflxt ug{
Pjd cfjZostfcg';f/ lhDd]jf/LnfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f ug'kg]df hf]8 lbPsf] 5 .
{ {
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfn] k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sfof{Gjog ug{ /fHon] lgDg
sfo{x? ug'kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] 5 M
{
!=! ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] cfwf/x? tof/ ug{ ax'–;/f]sf/jfnf (multi-
stakeholders) ;+nUg ;+jfb ;+rfng ug]{ .
!=@ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf k|0ffnLut ;dGjosf nflu ;+oGq lgdf{0f ug]{
jf ;'b9 t'Nofpg] .
[
!=# ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+:yfut cfwf/sf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf;
ug]{ .
!=$ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg], cfjZos ;|ftsf] ljlgof]hg
]
ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk ! sf k|ult ;"rsx? M
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lglDt sfg"gL ;+/rgfsf] lgdf{0f . ;/f]sf/jfnf
;a} txdf :ki6 lhDd]jf/Lx?sf] af“8kmf“8 .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ax'–If]qut (multi-sectoral) /fli6«o
d~rsf] k|efjsf/L ;+rfng .
@) xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

28. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] /fli6«o gLlt ;+/rgf tof/ . o;df /fli6«ob]lv
:yfgLo;Dd ;a} k|zf;lgs txx?sf of]hgf / lqmofsnfkx? ;dfj]z .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjogsf] nflu ;a} k|zf;lgs txx?df kof{Kt
;|ftx?sf] pknAwtf .
]
!=! ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf cfwf/x? tof/ ug{ ax';/f]sf/jfnf
;+nUg ;+jfb ;+rfng ug]{ .
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] /fi6«sf ;DalGwt ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{
;+/rgfTds 5nkmnx? (structured discussions) åf/f ljkb hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf k|of;x?nfO{ ;zQm kfg]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
dxTj M
ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf ckm7of/fx? / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] rf;f]nfO{
;Daf]wg ug]{ pko'Qm ljlw g} ;+/rgfTds 5nkmn xf] . o;n] km/s km/s
;d"xx?aLr ;femf ;f]rfOsf] ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ub{5 eg] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
nflu /fli6«o ;xdlt lgdf{0f ug{ klg 6]jf k'¥ofp“b5 . ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+:yfx? /
If]qx?dWo] s;sf] s] e"ldsf /xg] eGg] s'/f :ki6 ug]{ s'/fdf ;d]t o;n] 7"nf]
;xof]u ub{5 .
sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|dv ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / ltgLx?aLr lqmofzLn ;xsfo{sf]
'
;'lglZrttf ug]{ . k|dv ;/f]sf/jfnfx? tL x'g h;n] of]hgf th'df ug{,
' {
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /0fgLlt / sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ jf k|j4{g ug{ e"ldsf
v]Nb5g .
@= cl:tTjdf /x]sf ;fGble{s ;/sf/L jf gful/s ;dfh ;+u7gx?sf] klxrfg
ug]{ . oL ;+oGqx?sf] k|of]un] 5nkmnnfO{ slt ;xof]u k'¥ofpg ;Sb5 egL
n]vfhf]vf ug]{ .
#= ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;xof]u ug{ ;Sg] Ps jf a9L h'emf?
cu'jf (champion) sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn @!

29. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
$= ljkbaf6 k|efljt ;d"x jf OR5's ;d"xx?sf] e]nf cfof]hgf ug]{ .
%= ;femf nIo, If]q, Ph]08f, w/ftnLo lgod / sfo{ljlwaf/] ;xdlt tof/
ug]{ .
^= ljz]if ;jfnx?df sfd ug{ ;Dej eP;Dd ax'If]qut (multisectoral)
sfo{ ;d"x jf ;ldltx?sf] :yfkgf ug]{ .
&= ;Dk"0f{ sfo{x?sf] ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGqsf] :yfkgf ug]{ . ;dGjoleq k|ult
lgSof}n / cg'udg Pjd kl/0ffdx?nfO{ PsLs[t ug]{ sfo{df hf]8 lbg] .
{
*= 7f]; kl/kf6Lsf] ljsf; u/]/ 5nkmnnfO{ lg/Gt/tf lbg] .
(= 5nkmnsf kl/0ffdx? k|jflxt ug]{ Pjd afxo ;'emfjx?nfO{ k|fKt ug]{ /
cjnDag ug]{ k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ . 5nkmnsf kl/0ffdx? ;DalGwt
;/sf/L clwsf/Lx?, ;xefuL ;+3;+:yfx? / gful/s tx;Dd k'¥ofpg] .
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– cy{, jftfj/0f, /fli6«o of]hgf / gLlt lgdf{0f x]g{] lgsfox? .
– lzIff, :jf:Yo, s[lif dGqfno / c? ;fGble{s If]qx? .
– /fli6«o ljkb Aoj:yfkg / gful/s clwsf/ ;+/If0f ;DaGwL sfo{ ug]{
;+3;+u7gx? . ltgLx?sf] sfo{;rfng ;fem]bf/x? h:t} k|x/L, /]8qm; cflb .
+
– gful/s hLjgsf] nflu dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf v]Ng] cfly{s / ;fdflhs k"jf{wf/
lgdf{0f sfo{df ;+nUgx? .
– ejg lgdf{0f ;+lxtfsf] lgu/fgL, lgodg / cg'df]bgsf nflu lhDd]jf/
gful/s c+ux? . jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfksx?, l/of] ;Dd]ngsf /fli6«o
kmf]sn KjfOG6, dlxnf cfof]u, k|dv dfgjLo / ;fdflhs ;]jf ;Da4
'
;+u7gx? .
– e"–pkof]u;DaGwL of]hgfsf/x?, cfls{6]S6x?, OlGhlgo/x?, lgdf{0f
7]sbf/x?, e"uf]nljbx?, k|sf]klj1x?, jlsnx?, lzIfsx?, tflnd ;|ft
] ]
AolQmx?, cg';Gwfgstf{x?, Aoj;flos ;+u7gx? .
– hf]lvd klxrfg, k|sf]k cg'udg, k"j–r]tfjgL / k"jtof/L ;DaGwL sfo{
{ {
ug]{ k|fljlws / j}1flgs ;+:yfx? .
– lghL If]q M ljlQo ;+:yfx? -a}s, aLdf_ / ;+rf/ k|ljlw ;DaGwL sDkgLx? .
+
– ;+rf/ ;+:yfx? .
@@ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

30. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
– u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?, dlxnf / o'jf ;d"x, jftfj/0fLo pRr hf]lvddf
/x]sf If]qdf jsfnt ug]{ ;fd'bflos ;d"xx? .
cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;/sf/L / ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+u7gx? Pjd ;d'bfosf g]tfx?sf] ;xof]u .
– gful/snfO{ pTk|/0ff / ?lr hufpg ;Sg], ;d'bfo / ;/sf/aLr k'nsf]
]
sfd ug{;Sg] cu'jf AolQm jf AolQmx? (champion or champions) .
– a[xt ;xeflutfsf] nflu ;fjwfgLk"0f{ 9+un] agfOPsf] of]hgf . -5nkmnsf]
nflu pko'Qm ;do, 7fp“, cj:yfsf] 5gf}6 cflb_ .
– 5nkmnsf qmddf k|bfg ug'kg]{ cfjZos hfgsf/Lx? . -h:t} ljkb hf]lvdsf]
{
cj:yf d"Nof+sg, ;+s6f;Ggtf, k|sf]k 36gfx?sf] cWoog lgrf]8, ;/sf/sf
of]hgf, /0fgLlt, P]g, sfg"gx? cflb ._
;kmn pbfx/0f M
df]/Ssf]df klxnf]k6s ;g @))$ df ljkbsf] hf]lvdsf] af/]df /fli6«o
sfo{zfnfsf] cfof]hgf ul/Psf] lyof] . ;f] sfo{zfnfn] df]/Ssf]sf] ljkbsf]
hf]lvd / o;nfO{ Go"g ug{ rflnPsf sbdx?sf] ;dLIff ug'sf] ;fy} ;+:yfut,
{
sfg"gL / ;+u7gfTds k|0ffnLdf b]lvPsf sdhf]/Lx?sf] klxrfg u/]sf] lyof] .
of] sfo{zfnfkl5 df]/Ssf]df ljkbsf] af/]df ax; ug]{ ljljw d+rx? u7g
ul/of] / /fli6«o ;dGjo ;ldlt klg agfOof] . ljkbsf af/]df ;/f]sf/jfnfx?l;t
5nkmn ug]{ nx/ g} rfNof] . ljkbsf] ljlzi6 ;jfnx?nfO{ lnP/ k|z:t k|ltj]bgx?
tof/ ul/P . oL k|To]s sfo{zfnf / 5nkmnsf k|ltj]bgnfO{ k|sflzt ug]{ /
;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ljt/0f ug]{ ul/of] . /fhg}lts bnsf g]tfx?n] ljsf;
of]hgf / ah]6 af“8kmf“8df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljz]if hf]8 lbg ;DalGwt
dGqfno / ;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{ cfxjfg u/] . cGttM ljkb hf]lvd Aoj:yfkgsf]
/fli6«o k|ltj]bg tof/ ul/of], /fli6«o /0fgLlt agfOof] / cfkTsfnLg k|ltsfo{sf]
nflu /fli6«o of]hgf tof/ ul/of] .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn @#

31. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
!=@ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf k|0ffnLut ;dGjosf] nflu ;+oGq
lgdf{0f ug]{ jf ;'b[9 t'Nofpg] .
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ ;dGjofTds / k|efjsf/L sfo{sf] nflu
‘/fli6«o d~r’sf] u7g jf ;'b9Ls/0fsf] nflu k|fT;fxg ub{5 . /fli6«o d~rn]
[ ]
lgDg sfo{x? ug]{ p2]Zo lnPsf] 5 M
– xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu /fli6«o of]hgfsf] g]tTj ug]{ .
[
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr ;dGjo / ;xsfo{ j[l4 ug]{ .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f k|To]s gful/ssf] bfloTj xf] eGg] a'emfP/ ;'/Iff
/ pTyfgzLntfsf] ;+:s[lt ljsf; ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ljsf; gLlt, /0fgLlt, lqmofsnfk / ax'kIfLo
jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tfx?df ;dflxt ug{ jsfnt ug]{ .
dxTj M
ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f hl6n sfo{ ePsfn] o;sf nflu /fhg}lts
k|lta4tf, cfdr]tgf, j}1flgs 1fg, pQ/bfoL ljsf; of]hgfsf ;fy} gful/s–
s]Gb|Lt k"j;rgf k|0ffnL / ljkb k|ltsfo{ ;+oGqsf] cfjZostf kb{5 . /fli6«o
{ "
d+rn] ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{ ltgLx?sf] 1fg, Ifdtf /
;|ftx?nfO{ ;+of]hg ub{5 . /fli6«o d+rn] ;fwf/0ftof lgDg sfo{x?df ;3fpg
]
k'¥ofp“b5 M
– /fli6«o ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx?sf] sfof{Gjogdf ;'wf/
Nofp“b5 / lbzflgb]z ub{5 .
{
– gful/s ;dfh, ljz]iftM u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?nfO{ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
;jfndf /fli6«o / ;d'bfo:t/df ax; / ;fem]bf/Lsf] nflu cj;/ k|bfg ub{5 .
– /fli6«o d+rsf ;b:ox?aLr k|ljlw, 1fg / ;"rgfsf] cfbfgk|bfgdf ;3fp
k'¥ofp“b5 .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ AolQmx?sf] cGo ;fGble{s
/fli6«o, If]qLo / ljZjAofkL lgsfox?;“u ;DaGw lj:tf/ u/fp“b5 .
@$ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

32. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
sfo{ ljlw M
/fli6«o d+rnfO{ ;dGjo ug]{ ;+:yf :yfoL k|sltsf] x'gkb{5 . ;f] ;+:yf;“u
[ '
k|efjzfnL g]tTj lbg;Sg], /fhg}lts k|lta4tfsf] nflu kxn ug{;Sg] / ;|ft
[ ]
kl/rfng u/fpg;Sg] Ifdtf x'gkb{5 .
'
/fli6«o d~rn] o;/L sfo{ ug'kb{5 M {
– k|sf]k ljj/0f, /fli6«o gLltx?, /0fgLltx?, Ifdtf cflb ;d]l6Psf] ljkb
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f cfwf//]vf tof/ kfg]{ .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf k|fyldstfsf If]qx?sf] lgSof}n u/L To;df {
/x]sf b'/L, rf;f], k|jlQ / r'gf}tLx?sf ;fy} clt;+s6f;Gg hg;+Vofsf]
[
klxrfg ug]{ .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf ePsf k|ultx? Pjd ljsf; of]hgf / cEof;x?df
o;sf] ;dfof]hgsf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
– xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;dGjo ubf{ glthfd'vL sfo{of]hgfsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
– t'ngfTds?kdf pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf gful/ssf] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf
nflu /fli6«o d+rsf ;b:ox?aLr ;+oQm sfo{sf] nflu ;dGjo ug]{ .
'
– ;femf pknAwL, pTs[i6 k|of;x? / k|fKt 1fgsf] ljj/0f cBfjlws /fVg] .
;b:ox?aLr hfgsf/L, 1fg / k|ljlwsf] cfbfgk|bfg ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
– ;d'bfo / /fli6«o:t/df xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] sfof{Gjogsf] cg'udg /
n]vfhf]vf u/L k|ltj]bg tof/ ug]{ .
– pRrtxsf gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ k|efljt ug{ ;DalGwt gLlt, lgodsf] af/]df
jsfnt ug]{ .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ hnjfo' kl/jt{g, h}ljs ljljwtf,
d?e"lds/0fh:tf ax'cfoflds jftfj/0fLo ;Demf}tf Pjd dfgjLo ;xfotf,
ljsf; sfo{qmd / cjwf/0ff;“u ;dfof]hg ug{ sfo{ yfNg] .
– c? /fli6«o d+rx?;“u ;dGjo ug]{ . ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf sfo{ ug]{
c? If]qLo ;+u7gx?;“u ;dGjo ug]{ / ;|ft ;+of]hgsf] cj;/ vf]Hg] .
]
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;“u ;DalGwt ;jfnx?nfO{ ;Daf]wg ug]{ cGo
;dGjosf/L ;+oGqx?;“u ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
– cg';Gwfgsf ;jfnx?sf] ljsf; ug{ ;xhLs/0f ug]{ . cjwf/0ffut
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn @%

33. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
sfo{;/rgf (Conceptual Framework) / ljlwut ;+/rgf (Methodological
+
Structure) df /xL cg';Gwfg ug{ lbzflgb]z / k|fT;fxg ug]{ .
{ ]
– ljsf; sfo{stf{ tyf of]hgfsf/x?nfO{ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lbuf]
ljsf;;DaGwL cjwf/0ff h:t} ;x;|fAbL ljsf; nIo, ul/aL lgjf/0f
/0fgLltkq cflb;“u hf]8g pTk|l/t ug]{ .
]
– ax';/f]sf/jfnf cjwf/0ff / ax;nfO{ ;xof]u ug]{ . gful/s ;dfh
;+u7gx? ljz]iftM u};;x?nfO{ ljleGg:t/sf ax; / sfo{ ug{ ;xof]u ug]{ .
cGt/f{li6«o ;d'bfo, ;+oQm /fi6«;3Lo k|0ffnL / /fli6«o clwsf/jfnfx?aLr
' +
5nkmn / ;fem]bf/Lsf] ljsf;df ;xof]u ug]{ .
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx?M
– ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? M /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo:t/sf . o;df ljz]iftM
cy{, of]hgf, jftfj/0f, u[x, gful/s ;'/Iff, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;dfhsNof0f,
cfjf; tyf ef}lts, s[lif cflb x]g{] dGqfno cGtu{tsf kb{5g .
– gful/s ;dfhsf k|ltlglw / ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf e"ldsf /xg]
;+u7gx? . ;fGble{s ;d"xx? h:t} ljsf; / jftfj/0fLo ;'/Iff;DaGwL,
dfgj a;f]af;;DaGwL sfd ug]{ ;+u7gx? . pBdL / Aofkf/Lsf 5ftf
;+u7gx?, a}s tyf aLdf, dlxnf ;+3, wfld{s / o'jf kl/rfng ;+:yfx?,
+
;/sf/L sd{rf/Lx?nfO{ tflnd lbg] ;+:yfx? cflb .
– ;+rf/hut .
– j}1flgs / z}lIfs ;+:yfx? .
– k"jtof/L, k"j;rgf, k|sf]k cWoog / cg'udg, hf]lvd klxrfg h:tf
{ { "
;]jfx?sf] ljifodf sfd ug]{ k|fljlws tyf j}1flgs ;+:yfx? .
cg's"n cj:yf M
– pRrtxsf g]tfx?af6 /fhg}lts k|lta4tf . :ki6 sfo{qmd .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf cfwfl/t 1fg clej[l4 ug]{ k|fljlws lqmofsnfkx? .
– ljkb Go"gLs/0fsf ;"rsx? ;d]t ;+nUg u/fOPsf] /fli6«o d+rsf] sfo{ljlw
;+/rgfsf] ljsf; .
– /fli6«o d+rsf] ljsf; ug{ / o;sf] of]hgfnfO{ d"t?k lbg cfjZos ;|ftx? .
{ ]
@^ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

34. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
;kmn pbfx/0f M
pRr e"sDkLo hf]lvdsf] If]q, hnjfo' kl/jt{g / jftfj/0fLo Iflt;“u}
a9bf] hg3gTjn] ubf{ blIf0f Pl;ofsf /fi6«x? k|fs[lts k|sf]ksf] b[li6n] hf]lvdk"0f{
cj:yfdf 5g . blIf0f Pl;ofsf s]xL /fi6«x?n] ul//x]sf k|of;x? k|z;gLo +
ePklg ;du| ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu w]/} 7"nf k|of; ug{ cem} af“sL
5.
;g @))^ cui6df ef/t, kfls:tfg, ckmuflg:tfg, a+unfb]z, g]kfn,
e'6fg, dflNbE; / >Ln+sfn] If]qLo?kdf dxTjk"0f{ km8sf] df/]sf 5g . ef/tn]
/fli6«o ljkb Aoj:yfkg ;+:yf / ‘b'of]u lgjf/0f’ eGg] u};;;“u ldn]/ blIf0f
{
Pl;ofnL gLltsf af/]df ax;sf] cfof]hgf u¥of] . o"g8LkL / k|flS6sn PS;gsf]
;xof]udf gof“lbNnLdf ePsf] pQm sfo{qmddf ;ftj6f blIf0f Pl;ofnL /fi6«sf
;DalGwt pRr:t/sf ;/sf/L sd{rf/L, j}1flgs, ;+rf/sdL{ / ;d'bfosf
g]tfx? u/L !%) eGbf a9Lsf] k|ltlglwTj /x]sf] lyof] . ;xefuLx?n] ljkb
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf If]qLo ;dGjosf] nflu lgisif{ lgsfn]/ lbNnL 3f]if0ffkq
hf/L u/] .
!=# ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ;+:yfut cfwf/ d"Nof+sg
/ ljsf; ug]{ .
p2]Zo M
o; lqmofsnfkn] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu /fli6«o gLlt, j}wflgs
/ ;+:yfut sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf; ug]{ k|of; ub{5 . cGttf]uTjf
o;af6 ljkbaf6 ;'/lIft / lbuf] ;d'bfo lgdf{0f ug{ cf}krfl/s cfwf/ tof/
x'G5 . vf;ul/ o;n] gLltut l/Qmtfx? / Ifdtf klxNofpg d2t ug'sf] ;fy}
{
k|ult cg'udg / dfkg ug{sf nflu cfwf//]vfsf] ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 .
dxTj M
s'g} klg /fi6«sf] Aoj:yflksf / ;/sf/L k|0ffnLn] g} ljkb hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf ;a} If]qdf of]hgf / ;+u7gsf] nflu cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 . To;}n]
t c;n zf;g / kof{Kt ;+:yfut cfwf/x? ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn @&

35. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
dxTjk"0f{ cfjZostf xf] . ljBdfg sfg"gL / k|zf;lgs cj:yfsf] d"Nof+sgn] g}
xfnsf] Ifdtf, alnof] / sdhf]/Lx? kQf nufO{ gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut
sfo{ ;+/rgfx?df ul/g'kg]{ ;'wf/x?sf] cfwf/ k|bfg ub{5 . ljkb hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fsf] ;'b9 gLltn] ;'zf;g sfod u/fpg ;d]t ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 . h:t} M
[
ejg lgdf{0f ;+lxtf jf e"–pkof]u of]hgf nfu" ul/Pdf ljkb hf]lvd / k|zf;sLo
Aoj:yfkgsf] k|ult a'emg ;+:yfut d"Nof+sg klg ul/g'kb{5 h;n] ubf{ ;'zf;g
sfod u/fpg ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 .
sfo{ ljlw M
!= efjL of]hgf / ;+:yfut 5nkmnsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnfx?aLr e]nfsf]
cfof]hgf ug]{ .
@= lnlvt ;fdu|Lx? ;+sng ug]{ . ljkbsf k"jcg'ejx?, k"j36gfx? / l;sfOx?sf]
{ {
cWoog ug]{ . ;/sf/L tyf u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf clwsf/Lx?;“u o;af/]
yk a'emg] .
#= ljBdfg k|0ffnLdf /x]sf ;an / lga{n kIfx?nfO{ s]nfP/ ;'wf/sf]
cj;/ klxrfg ug]{ . ljz]iftM ;+:yfut Aoj:yfkg / ;|ftsf] ljZn]if0f ug]{
]
Pjd ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s;/L /fli6«o ljsf; of]hgfsf] k|lqmofleq
kfg]{ eg]/ af6f] kQf nufpg] .
$= ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s;/L ljsf; of]hgfx?;“u hf]8g ;lsG5
eGg]af/] /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo ;/f]sf/jfnf tyf ;/sf/L lgsfonfO{
;'emfj lbg] . ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnf;“u ldn]/ sfd ug]{ .
%= ;'emfj / d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffdsf] af/]df cGtlqm{of ug{ 5nkmnsf] cfof]hgf ug]{ .
^= ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] gLltsf] af/]df Aojl:yt9+un] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{
/ k|fyldstfsf sfo{x? klxrfg ug]{ . gLlt, /0fgLlt tyf cg'udg
of]hgfx?nfO{ sfof{Gjog ug{ tf]lsPsf sfo{qmdsf] ljlzi6 p2]Zox? ljsf;
ug]{ . cfwf//]vfsf] dfWodaf6 k|ult d"Nof+sg ug]{ .
&= gLlt / cEof;x?sf] ;'wf/sf] nflu lbOPsf] ;'emfj sfof{Gjog ug{ of]hgfsf]
lgdf{0f ug]{ . o;df k|:tfljt ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfo{qmdsf] AofVof
ug]{ .
@* xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

36. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
*= /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] cjwf/0ff, gLlt, /0fgLlt / sfof{Gjog of]hgfsf]
nflu ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“u ldn]/ ;+oQm vfsf tof/ ug]{ / ;DalGwt
'
7fp“x?df ;Dk|i] f0f ug]{ .
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfnfO{ ;“w} ;+nUg u/fpg ;Dej x'bg / pkof]uL gx'g klg ;S5 .
“}
d"Nof+sg / gLltut ljsf;sf] nflu lgDg kIfx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg' pko'Qm
x'G5 .
– /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo:t/sf ;/sf/L k|ltlglwx? . cy{, of]hgf,
jftfj/0f, u[x, gful/s ;'/Iff, lzIff, :jf:Yo, ;dfh sNof0f, cfjf;,
s[lif If]q x]g{] dGqfnosf k|ltlglwx? . ax'kIfLo ;Demf}tf sfof{Gjogsf nflu
pQ/bfoL lgsfox? .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fdf e"ldsf;lxtsf ;+:yfx? M h:t} ljsf; /
jftfj/0f ;+/If0f ;d"x, pBf]u jfl0fHo dxf;+3, a}s tyf aLdf, ;/sf/L
+
sd{rf/LnfO{ tflnd lbg] ;+:yf, ;d'bfo / dlxnf ;d"x cflb .
– ;fdflhs / k|fs[lts lj1fgsf 1ftf, e"uf]n tyf ljkb hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg
;+sfo ePsf ljZjljBfnox?, hgk|zf;g, OlGhlgo/ tyf cfly{s ljsf;
tflnd s]Gb|x? .
– /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfsf] d"Nof+sg / ljsf;df ;3fp k'¥ofpg;Sg] sfg"gL
/ ;fj{hlgs gLltsf lj1x? .
cg's"n cj:yf M
– /fhg}lts / gful/s ;xof]u .
– d"Nof+sg sfo{sf] nflu ;+u7gfTds / ;+u7g k|dvsf] ;xof]u . cGt/ljwfut
'
/ cGt/;+:yfut ;d"xk|lt k|lta4tf .
– sfo{ ;+/rgf ljsf; / d"Nof+sgsf] nflu cffly{s / dfgjLo ;|ft . ]
– ;fGble{s lnlvt ;fdu|Lx?;Ddsf] kx"r . -h:t} sfg"g, sfg"gL cfb]z,
“"
gLlt, of]hgf, ljkbsf k"j36gfx?sf] cg'ej cWoog cflb ._
{
;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g @))$ sf] ;'gfdLkl5 ef/t ;/sf/n] ljkb Aoj:yfkgsf] nflu a[xt
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn @(

37. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
kxnsbdL ub}{ ljkb Aoj:yfkg P]g @))% tof/ u¥of] . h;cg';f/ /fli6«o,
If]qLo / lhNnf:t/df ljkb Aoj:yfkg k|flws/0f u7g ul/Psf] 5 . oL
lgsfox?sf] :ki6 sfo{ / lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf 5g . o:t} tflnd / Ifdtf
clej[l4sf sfo{qmdx? ;+rfng ug{ ljkb Aoj:yfkg /fli6«o ;+:yfsf] u7g
ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L ljkbsf 36gfnfO{ tTsfn} ;Daf]wg ug{ /fli6«o ljkb
k|ltsfo{ an klg u7g ePsf] 5 . o;sf] cnfjf ;/sf/sf] tLg} txdf ljkb
k|ltsfo{ sf]if ljkb cNkLs/0f sf]if v8f ul/Psf] 5 .
!=$ ljkb hf] l vd Go" g Ls/0fnfO{ k| f yldstfdf /fVg] , cfjZos
;|f]tsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{ .
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] tf]lsPsf] lhDd]jf/L / pQ/bfloTj k"/f x'G5g egL
;'lglZrttf u/L gLltut, sfg"gL / ;+:yfut sfo{ ;+/rgf v8f ug]{ jf k|efjsf/L
agfpg], ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;/sf/L Pjd u}/;/sf/L If]qsf] P]gsfg"g,
of]hgf / sfo{qmddf ;dflxt ug]{ / o;sf] nflu kof{Kt ;|ftsf] ljlgof]hg ug]{
]
p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
dxTj M
;'b9 jf gjul7t /fli6«o sfo{ ;+/rgfn] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
[
b}lgs sfo{ tyf ljleGg ;DalGwt ;+3;+:yf -h:t}M cfly{s ljsf;, ul/aL
lgjf/0f, k"jf{wf/ ljsf;, jftfj/0fLo Aoj:yfkg, lzIff cflb If]qdf sfd
ug]_sf] gLlt tyf lqmofsnfkx?df hf]8b5 . oL ;+:yfx? cfcfkmgf] If]qsf] of]hgf
{
agfpg / lqmofsnfk sfof{Gjog ug{ hlt ;Ifd x'G5g plt g} ljkb hf]lvd
Go"gLs/0fn] k|fyldstf kfp“b5 .
sfo{ ljlw M
!= ljkb hf]lvd cNkLs/0f sfo{sf] nflu ;|ft ;'lglZrttf ug{ pRrhf]lvd
]
If]qsf] :yfgLo / /fli6«o cfly{s of]hgfdf ljkb hf]lvd k|efj d"Nof+sg
ug]{ k|0ffnLnfO{ ;+:yfut ug]{ .
#) xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

38. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
@= ;+u7gx?nfO{ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f lqmofsnfkx? ug{ cf}krfl/s?kdf
lhDd]jf/L tf]lslbg] .
#= kmf]snKjfOG6 ;+u7g :yfkgf ug]{ jf ;'b9 ug]{ . o;sf nflu Tof] ;+u7gsf]
[
clwsf/ / lhDd]jf/L tf]lslbg], dfgjLo ;|ft, tflnd tyf cGo cfjZos
]
s'/fdf ;xof]u ug]{ .
$= ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf lqmofsnfkx?sf] af/]df ;dGjo ug]{
cGt/;+u7gfTds ;ldltx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ jf ;'b9Ls/0f ug]{ .
[
%= ;+u7gsf] bIftf / Ifdtf clej[l4 ug{ ;+u7gx?nfO{ tflndsf] cj;/ k|bfg
ug]{ h;n] ubf{ tf]lsPsf sfo{x? ;kmn x'g;s"g .
^= sfo{;rfng / k"hLut ah]6df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu ;|ft
+ “ ]
ljlgof]hg ug]{ .
&= :yfgLo zf;g k|0ffnLdf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f :ki6?kdf kl/eflift
ul/Psf] 5 / o;sf] nflu ;|ft ljlgof]hg ul/Psf] 5 eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
]
*= ljkbsf IF]qdf sfd ug]{ cu'jf AolQmx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ / k'/:s[t ug]{ .
(= ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjog p2]Zok/s 5, lgolGqt 5 / o;sf]
lnlvt 8s'd06];g -k|nv_ ul/Psf] 5 eGgsf nflu gLlt / sfg"gåf/f
] ]
lglb{i6 ;+oGqsf] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
!)= pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf] hg;+Vofsf] nflu aLdf of]hgfsf] ljsf; / k|of]u
k|j4{g ug]{ .
!!= ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu ljlgof]lht ah]6 dlxnf k'?if b'jsf] }
a/fa/L kx"rdf 5 egL ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
“"
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
!= :yfgLo / /fli6«o txdf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf gLlt jf sfo{qmdx?
tof/ ug]{ jf cjnDag ug]{ ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? / gful/s ;d"xx? .
@= ;/sf/L gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? sfof{Gjog ug{ lhDd]jf/ lgsfox? .
#= cGo ;+u7gx?nfO{ sfo{ ug{sf] nflu k|fT;flxt ug]{ jf lgb]l{ zt ug]{ ;+u7gx? .
]
$= ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f sfof{Gjog ug{;Sg] jf /fhg}lts ultzlQm k|bfg
ug{;Sg] ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? jf gful/s rf;f]df jsfnt ug]{
AolQm÷;+u7gx? .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn #!

39. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – !
;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljz]iftM af9Lsf] rk]6fdf /x]sf] leotgfdn] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
;Daf]wg ug{ s]Gb|blv :yfgLo tx;Dd km}lnPsf] ;DalGwt ;+u7gx?sf] ;~hfn
]
tof/ u/]sf] 5 . lgjf{rg k|lqmofaf6 tL ;+u7gx?sf] If]qLo, lhNnf / :yfgLo
;ldltx? u7g ul/G5 . ;fy} dlxnf ;~hfn klg tof/ ul/G5 . ;/sf/sf]
s]Gb|Lo txdf /x]sf] ;ldltn] oL ;a} ;ldltx?;“u ;dGjo ub{5 / sfo{qmdx?sf]
ljsf; ub{5 . o;/L leotgfdn] k|efjsf/L?kdf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{
k|fyldstfdf /fVg ;kmn ePsf] 5 .
o;}u/L ef/t ;/sf/n] ljkb cNkLs/0f sfo{sf] nflu /fli6«o, k|fGtLo /
:yfgLo txdf 5'§f5'§} sf]if v8f u/]sf] 5 . of] Aoj:yfn] ;a} txsf] ;/sf/df
ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu kof{Kt ;|ft 5'§ofOPsf] 5 egL ;'lglZrttf
]
u/]sf] 5 .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf !
xfd|f] sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgfdf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ s'g xb;Dd
k|fyldstfdf kfl/Psf] 5 <
sfo{of]hgf / ;+/rgf M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfodf ljkbsf a]nfdf s] ug]{ eg]/
lg0f{o lng;Sg] ;+ul7t ;+:yf jf ;ldltx? 5g <
;xeflutfsf] clwsf/ M s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf ;b:ox? cfkmgf] clwsf/x? tyf
ljkb hf]lvdaf6 ;'/Iff k|bfg ug'kg]{ ;/sf/sf] sfg"gL bfloTjaf/] ;r]t 5g <
{
ljlQo ;|ft M ljkbsf] k|efj sd ug{ of ljkbaf6 k'gnf{e k|fKt ug{ :yfgLo
]
;/sf/x?n] pknAw u/fpg] ljlQo tyf ef}lts ;|ftx?;Dd s] xfd|f] ;d'bfosf]
]
kx'r 5 <
“
dfgjLo ;|ft M s] ;d'bfosf k|ltlglwx?nfO{ ljkb hf]lvd s;/L Go"gLs/0f
]
ug]{ tyf ljkbsf a]nf s;/L k|ltsfo{ ug]{ eGg] af/] tflnd lbOPsf] 5 <
ljBfno / :jf:Yo ;'ljwf M s] ;d'bfosf] ljBfno / c:ktfnx?df ljkb
/f]syfdsf of]hgf agfpg] / sfof{Gjog ug]{ Pjd k|ltsfo{sf nflu tof/
lqmofzLn ;ldltx? 5g <
#@ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

40. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @
ljkbsf hf]lvdx?sf] klxrfg, lgwf{/0f / cg'udg ug]{ tyf k"j{–
r]tfjgL lbg] Aoj:yfsf] clej[l4 ug]{ .
of] k|fyldstfcGtu{t ljkb hf]lvd;DaGwL tYof+sx? ;+sng / k|of]u; k|sf]k,
;+s6f;Ggtf / ljkbsf] c;/sf] cjnf]sg, ljZn]if0f, k"jf{gdfg ug{;Sg] Ifdtf
'
/ k"jf{wf/sf] ljsf; / ;Def/ ug]{ sfo{x? kb{5g . o;sf nflu hf]lvd–gS;f
(risk map), tYof+sut Iflt hfgsf/L tyf hf]lvd / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] ;"rgf
lbg] k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; cfjZos /xG5g .
of] k|fyldstfn] gful/s–s]Gb|Lt k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ljsf;, k"jrtfjgLsf]
{ ] { ]
b|t?kdf k|jfx Pjd ;a} r/0fdf :yfgLo hgtfsf] k"0f{ ;+nUgtfdf hf]8 lbPsf]
'
5.
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sfof{Gjogsf nflu /fHon]
lgDg sfo{x? ug{;Sb5g M
@=! /fli6«o?kdf hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] k|of; yfngL ug]{ .
@=@ hf]lvd;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] pknAwtf Pjd tYof+s ;+sng / k|of]u;DaGwL
Ifdtfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
@=# k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnLsfnflu Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ / c? ;'b9 t'Nofpg] .
{ ] [
@=$ ljkb hf]lvd hfgsf/L Pjd k"jrtfjgLsf] nflu ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfx
{ ]
;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk @ sf] k|ult d"Nof+sgsf] nflu lgDg ;"rsx? tof/
ul/Psf 5g M
– k|sf]k tYof+sdf cfwfl/t / ;+s6f;Ggtf hfgsf/L ;dflji6 /fli6«o
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn ##

41. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
– d'Vo k|sf]kx? / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf tYof+sx? cg'udg, ;+ux / k|jfx ug]{
|
k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; .
– ;a} lsl;dsf k|sf]kx?sf] nflu k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+rfng .
{ ]
– ;d'bfo txdf k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnLsf] kx"r / ;]jf .
{ ] "
@=! /fli6«o?kdf hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] k|of; yfngL ug]{ .
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] /fi6«sf] ljkb hf]lvdaf/] k"0f{ / lgoldt?kdf cBfjlws
t:jL/ ;fd'Gg]df Nofpg]5 . o;n] gLlt lgdf{tfx?nfO{ k[i7kf]if0f k|bfg ug]5 .
{
ljkbsf] hf]lvd;DaGwL 1fgdf /x]sf l/Qmtfx?nfO{ ;d]t o;n] kl/k"lt{ ug{
;xof]u k'¥ofpg]5 .
dxTj M
hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ugf{n] /fi6« s:tf vfn] k|sf]kx?sf] rk]6fdf 5 / ;+s6f;Ggtf
s:tf] 5 eGg] yfxf x'g cfp“5 . csf]tkm{ ef}uf]lns / If]qut (sectoral)
{
lx;fadf ljBdfg ljkb hf]lvdx? :ki6 x'G5 . ljsf;sf] nflu Pjd ljkb
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /0fgLltsf] sfof{Gjogsf] nflu hf]lvd lgwf{/0f cTofjZos
5 . hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / ljZn]if0f k|0ffnLut?kdf / ;se/ rf“8f] ul//xg'kb{5
lsgeg] ljkb hf]lvdsf] k|jlQ kl/jt{gzLn x'G5 . hf]lvd lgwf{/0f ug]{ Pjd
[
hf]lvd–gS;f tof/ ug]{ sfo{x? ;d'bfodf ;xeflutfd"ns 9+un] ul/Psf] x'G5 .
h;n] ubf{ ljkb k"jrtfjgL, k"jtof/L / /f]syfdsf] nflu ;d'bfon] pTk|l/t
{ ] { ]
kfb{5 .
sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf lgwf{/0f sfo{df ;+nUg /xg;Sg] k|dv ;/sf/L
'
lgsfo, cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, lj1 / (practitioner) x?sf] klxrfg ug]{ /
pgLx?sf] e"ldsf / bfloTj lgSof}n ug]{ .
{
@= lj1x?sf] ;xof]un] k|sf]k klxrfg / ;+s6f;Ggtf ljZn]if0f ul/Psf ljBdfg
cWoogx?sf] ;dLIff ug]{ . dxTjk"0f{ l/Qmtfx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
#$ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

42. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
#= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx?sf] k|0ffnLut ;+sng, cfbfgk|bfg
/ lgwf{/0f ug{ /fli6«o dfkb08 / ljlwsf] ljsf; ug]{ . o;nfO{ ;dsIfL
/fi6«x?;“u t'ngf ug]{ .
$= :yfgLo k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf ljZn]if0f sfo{df ;a} If]qnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg
/0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
%= hf]lvdsf tYof+sx?nfO{ lgoldt?kn] k'g/fjnf]sg / cBfjlws /fVg]
k|lqmofsf] z'?jft ug]{ .
^= ef}uf]lns If]q / ;d'bfosf] hf]lvd klxrfg u/L ;di6Lut k|sf]k gS;fsf]
ljsf; ug]{ .
&= :yfgLo ;d'bfosf] ;+s6f;Ggtf / Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ . o;f] ubf{ ;fdflhs,
cfly{s, ef}lts / jftfj/0fLo ;+s6f;Ggtfx?nfO{ klg Wofgdf /fVg] .
*= d'nsnfO{ :yfgLo, If]qLo / /fli6«otxdf k|efj kfg{;Sg] k|fs[lts k|sf]knfO{
'
juL{s/0f ug]{ / tbcg';f/ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] . o:tf] d"Nof+sgdf P]ltxfl;s
tYof+sx? klg pNn]v ug]{ .
(= hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ :yfgLo hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg of]hgf;“u
Psfsf/ ug]{ . pko'Qm eP;Dd ef}uf]lns ;"rgf k|0ffnL (GIS) /
e"–pkof]u of]hgfsf ;km6j]o/ k|of]u ug]{ .
!)= ljleGg If]qx?df /x]sf] ljkb hf]lvd lgSof}n ug{ k|sf]k / ;+s6f;GgtfaLrsf]
{
cGtlqm{ofnfO{ d"Nof+sg ug]{ . hf]lvdnfO{ a9fpg jf 36fpg;Sg] lqmofsnfkx?,
;fdflhs / /fhg}lts k|lqmofx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ .
!!= hf]lvd hfgsf/L a[xt 5 / P]ltxfl;s ;gftg 1fgx? ;dflji6 ul/Psf]
5 eGg] s'/fnfO{ ;'lgZrttf ug{ ;a} If]qsf AolQmx?;“u k/fdz{ ug]{ .
!@= hf]lvd klxrfg / lgwf{/0fdf eO/x]sf k|ultx?sf] dfkg ug{ n}luskIf +
;d]t ;+nUg ;"rsx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ . ljleGg Ph]G;L / ;d'bfon] ;d]t
hf]lvd cj:yf a'emg ;Sg] / a'emfpg;Sg] u/L o;sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
!#= hf]lvd d"Nof+sg sfo{qmdx?nfO{ ;'wf/ ug{;Sg] / ;|ft h'6fpg d2t
]
k'¥ofpg;Sg] vfnsf] ;'emfj / /0fg}lts of]hgf ;dflji6 gLltut sfuhftx?
tof/ ug]{ . o;nfO{ ;/sf/sf] ;a} tx / ;d'bfo;Dd k'¥ofpg] .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn #%

43. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– ljkbsf] k|sf/ cg';f/ hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] nflu w]/} lsl;dsf lj1x?sf]
;xof]u lng ;lsG5 .
– j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng / 1fg clej[l4 Ifdtf ePsf lj1x? . oL lj1x?
jf ;+:yfx? ef}ule{s, hn tyf df};d, e"–lj1fg cflb;“u ;DalGwt
x'g;S5g .
– ;d'bfosf] ;+s6f;Ggtf / Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug{ ;fdflhs lj1fgsf lj1sf
;fy} ;d'bfosf ;d"x jf ;+u7gx? Pjd jftfj/0f / k"jf{wf/sf] kl/jt{gnfO{
d"Nof+sg ug{;Sg] lj1x?sf] cfjZostf /xG5 .
– ljBdfg cEof;sf] sf/0f k/]sf] k|efj d"Nof+sg ug{;Sg] jftfj/0fLo
Aoj:yfksx? .
cg's"n cj:yf M
– v'Nnf jf ;femf kx"rdf /x]sf tfhf tYof+sx? .
“
– k|dv ;/f]sf/jfnfsf k|dv AolQm / ;+u7gaf6 ;xof]u .
' '
– ;a} txdf cfly{s ;|ft / dfgj ;+;fwgsf] pknAwtf .
]
– k|fljlws hfgsf/Lx?sf] n]vfhf]vf / AofVof ug{;Sg] lj1x?sf] pknAwtf .
– ;xof]ufTds 9+un] ljljw Ph]G;Lx?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg;Sg] ax'ljwfut
(multi-disciplinary) / ax';u7gfTds (multi-organisation) kxn .
+
– /fli6«o tyf cGt/f{li6«otxsf] hf]lvd lgwf{/0f k|lqmofsf] a'emfO . -h:t}
If]qLo cg';Gwfg s]Gb|, cGt/f{li6«o ;+u7gx?_ .
;kmn pbfx/0f M
;g !((* df ;+oQm /fi6«;3sf cg';Gwfgstf{x?n] Olyof]lkof / s]Gofdf
' +
Pp6f ;fwf/0f t/ k|0ffnLut ljlwåf/f ljkb hf]lvdsf] k|sf/ / sf/sx? kQf
nufP . pgLx?n] u|fdL0f ;d'bfodf b'Or/0fdf ;xeflutfd"ns ljlwåf/f ;j]If0f u/] .
{ {
klxnf] r/0fdf v'Nnf k|ZgfjnL af“l8of] hxf“ ;xefuLx?n] cfk;L 5nkmnåf/f
cfkm"n] ef]usf k|sf]ksf lsl;d / ;d:ofx? rfx]hlt pNn]v ug{ ;Sby] . csf]{
]
r/0fdf ;xefuLx?nfO{ lglZrt k|sf]ksf] c;/ cg';f/ >]0fLdf /fVg nufOof] .
To;kl5 k|To]s k|sf]ksf] s;/L ;fdgf ul/b}cfOPsf] 5 < lsg ul/Psf] 5}g <
+
#^ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

44. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
s] ug'k5{ < h:tf ljifodf 5nkmn ug{ nufOof] . o;}u/L If]qut, ;d"xut,
{
pd]/, ln·, ;DkGgtf / c? ;fdflhs cfly{s rl/qx?sf] cfwf/df klg
k|sf]ksf] ;+s6f;Ggtf lgSof}n ul/of] .
{
of] sfo{qmd ^ dlxgf;Dd rNof] . o;df !@) ;d"x -%( dlxnf ;d"x;lxt_
;xefuL /x]sf lyP .
@=@ hf]lvd ;DaGwL hfgsf/Lsf] pknAwtf Pjd tYof+s ;+sng
/ k|of]u;DaGwL Ifdtfsf] k'g/fjnf]sg ug]{ .
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx?sf] ;+sng, ljZn]if0f
/ k|jfx sfo{df ljBdfg k|lqmofx?sf] Ifdtf / l/Qmtf klxrfg ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]
5 . o;n] ubf{ hf]lvd lgwf{/0f / k"jrtfjgLsf] cg'udgsf] nflu cfwf//]vf
{ ]
ljsf; ug{ d2t k'¥ofp“b5 .
dxTj M
ljkb hf]lvd / Ifltsf] ;xL hfgsf/Ln] lg0f{ostf{ / gful/sx?nfO{
/fi6«n] em]Ng'kl//x]sf] ljleGg k|sf]kx? / o;sf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo
/ ef}lts ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ a'emg ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 . oL tYof+s / hfgsf/Lx?
;xL ;dodf k|jflxt ug{;s] ljkb hf]lvdlj?4 k"jtof/L ckgfpg ;d'bfonfO{
{
k|l/t ub{5 . oL hfgsf/L / tYof+sx?sf] k'g/fjnf]sg ugf{n] tYof+s ;+sng,
]
ljZn]if0f / ;Dk|if0fdf /x]sf sdhf]/ / alnof KfIf yfxf x'gsf] ;fy} efjL
] '
/0fgLlt lgdf{0f ug{ ;d]t ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 .
sfo{ ljlw M
!= k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL tYof+sx? ;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{ Ph]G;L /
;+u7gx?sf] klxrfg ug]{ . ;Defljt If]qx? oL x'g;S5g M
– df};d, ef}ule{s, h}ljs, k|fBf]lus k|sf]kx? / jftfj/0fLo ¥xf;
}
;DaGwL tYo / hfgsf/Lx? cjnf]sg, cg'udg, ljZn]if0f / k|jfx
ug]{ sfo{df ;+nUg ;+u7gx? .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn #&

45. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
– hg;+Vof, k"jf{wf/, cfly{s, Aofkfl/s / ;DklQs/ ;DaGwL ljj/0f
/fVg] lgsfox? . pbfx/0fsf] nflu hg;f+lVosLo tYof+sn] pd]/,
:jf:Yo / hLljsf]kfh{g;DaGwL ;+s6f;Ggtfx? phfu/ ug{;S5 .
– ;d'bfo / ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xsf] ;fdflhs / ;f+:s[lts -h:t} ;gftg
1fg_ tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ ;+u7gx? .
@= tYof+ssf] k'g/fjnf]sg Pjd Aoj:yfkg, ;+Zn]if0f / k|jfxLs/0f ljlw
:yfkgf ug]{ .
#= ljBdfg ;"rgf tyf tYof+s k|0ffnLsf] alnof] / sdhf]/ kIf Pjd ;'wf/sf
If]qx? klxNofpg] .
$= hf]lvd d"Nof+sg ;DalGwt pknAw ;fdu|Lx?sf] cWoog ug]{ . hf]lvdsf]
1fgdf /x]sf] dxTjk"0f{ l/Qmtfx?sf] d"Nof+sg ug]{ . o;f] ubf{ ljkbsf] Iflt
ljgf;sf/L aGg;Sg] If]qnfO{ k|fyldstfdf /fVg] .
%= k|dv ;/f]sf/jfnfx?;“u a;]/ d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffdnfO{ cWoog / ;+Zn]if0f
'
ug]{ .
^= ;+s6f;Ggtf;DaGwL cfjZos tYof+sx? klxrfg ug{ Pjd ;fGble{s
tYof+sx?sf] ;+sng / ljZn]if0f sfo{df ;xhtf Nofpg cGt/ljefuLo
sfo{ ;d"xx?sf] lgdf{0f ug]{ .
&= tYof+s ;+sng / k|jfxLs/0fsf] nflu gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? tof/ ug]{ .
hf]lvd hfgsf/L ;DaGwL ljBdfg l/Qmtfx?nfO{ kl/k"lt{ ug{ Pjd ;+sng
/ k|jfxLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;'wf/ ug{ tL gLlt tyf sfo{qmdx? /fli6«o, If]qLo
/ :yfgLo tx;Dd ljt/0f ug]{ .
k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] pknAw tYof+sdf /x]sf] l/Qmtfx? klxrfg ug{ lgDg
k|Zgx? ug{ ;lsG5 M
– s] ;a} lsl;dsf jf ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ k|sf]kx? / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] e/kbf]{
tYof+s pknAw 5 < s] ;fdflhs tYof+sdf n}lus ljlzi6tf ;+nUg
+
ul/Psf] 5 < s] :yfgLo / ;gftg 1fgnfO{ pko'Qm 9+un] ;dflji6 ul/Psf]
5 < s] e/kbf]{ ljkbsf P]ltxfl;s /]s8{x? pknAw 5g < s] hfgsf/L /
tYof+sx?nfO{ cBfjlws ug]{ pko'Qm k|lqmof ljBdfg 5 <
– s] ;DalGwt lgsfox? k"j;rgf k|lqmof a'emg / cfcfkmgf] pQ/bfloTj k"/f
{ "
#* xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

46. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
ug{ ;Ifd 5g < -k"j;rgf k|0ffnL M cjnf]sg, cg'udg, ;+ux, u'0f:t/
{ " |
lgoGq0f, ljZn]if0f, ;+Zn]if0f / k|jfxLs/0f_ . s] oL lgsfox? kof{Kt
;dGjo u5{g jf ;"rgf Aoj:yfkgsf] cGt/;DaGw sdhf]/ 5 < s]
;DalGwt lgsfox?;“u pks/0f / Ifdtf 5 <
– ljljw If]q / ljleGg k|sf]kx?aLrsf] tYof+s ;+Zn]if0f ug{ / ax'kzfut
]
rf;f]x?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg :ki6?kdf lhDd]jf/L tf]lsPsf] 5 <
– s] hfgsf/L cTofjZos /x]sf] ;d"x jf AolQmx?df of] k'usf] 5 < s] nlIft
]
;d'bfo hfgsf/L a'emg ;Ifd 5g < s] o;n] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu
lg0f{o k|lqmofdf ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 <
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf nflu tf]lsPsf lgsfox? . -h:t} M ljkb
hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f /fli6«o cfof]u_ .
– hf]lvd tYof+s k|of]u ug]{ ljkb Aoj:yfkgdf ;+nUg ;+u7gx? / ljkb
Aoj:yfkgdf g]tTj ug]{ ;+:yfx? .
[
– j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng sfo{df lhDd]jf/ ;+:yfx? -h:t} hn tyf
df};dk"jf{gdfg, ef}ule{s, e"–lj1fg cflb_ Pjd hg;+Vof, cfly{s, s/,
'
ljsf;;DaGwL tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ lgsfox? .
– ;fdflhs / k|fljlws lj1fgsf cg';Gwfgstf{ / cWo]tfx? .
cg's"n cj:yf M
– k'g/fjnf]sgsf] nflu ;/f]sf/jfnf k|dv AolQmx? jf ;+u7gsf] ;xof]u .
'
– d"Nof+sgsf] nflu cfjZos cfly{s ;|ft / tYof+slj1x?;lxtsf] dfgjLo
]
;|ft .
]
– k|sf]k / ;+s6f;Ggtfsf] lgwf{/0f ;'lglZrttf ug{ ax'ljwfut, ax';u7gfTds
+
/ n}lus ;Gt'ng ldn]sf] ;a} pko'Qm sfo{;d"x .
+
;kmn pbfx/0f M
d]lS;sf] ;/sf/n] ljkbsf tYof+sx? ;+sng, Aoj:yfkg / ;+Zn]if0f ug]{
x]tn]
' The Centro Nacional de Prevencion de Desastres (CENAPRED)
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn #(

47. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
eGg] 5'§} lgsfosf] u7g u/]sf] 5 . o;n] k|sf]k;DaGwL tfhf tYof+s /
hfgsf/Lx? cBfjlws ug]{ Pjd ljleGg Ph]G;L / gful/s ;d"xdf k|jfx ug]{
sfd ub{5 . d]lS;sf]sf k|dv k|sf]kx? e"sDk / Hjfnfd'vLdf of] ljz]if?kn]
'
s]lGb|t 5 .
@=# k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnL;DaGwL Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug]{ / ;'b9 t'Nofpg] .
{ ] [
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] k"jrtfjgL ;DaGwL ljBdfg Ifdtf lgwf{/0f ug]{ /
{ ]
/fi6«sf] k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ ;'b9 ug{ /0fgLltsf] ljsf; ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf]
{ ] [
5.
dxTj M
k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnLn] k|sf]ksf] hf]lvddf /x]sf ;d'bfonfO{ pko'Qm 9+un] /
{ ]
;do5“b} ;Defljt dfgjLo, ef}lts, jftfj/0fLo / hLljsf]kfh{g;DaGwL IfltnfO{
Go"gLs/0f ug{ ;xof]u k'¥ofp“b5 . k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnLsf rf/j6f tTjx? 5g M
{ ]
s_ hf]lvd 1fg (Risk Knowledge)
v_ cg'udg / r]tfjgL lbg] ;]jf (Monitoring and Warning Service)
u_ ;+rf/ / k|jfxLs/0f (Communication and Dissemination)
3_ k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf (Response Capability)
k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnL ;DaGwL Ifdtf lgwf{/0f / ;'b9Ls/0fsf] nflu oL rf/j6}
{ ] [
tTjx? k|efjsf/L /xg'kb{5 . Pp6fsf] sdhf]/Ln] klg ;d:t k|0ffnLnfO{ g}
c;kmn kfg{ ;Sb5 .
sfo{{ ljlw M
!= cGt/ljwfut ;d"x (interdisciplinary team) sf] lgdf{0f u/]/ k"jrtfjgL
{ ]
k|0ffnL;DaGwL oL s'/fx?sf] lgwf{/0f ug]{ M
– /fHosf] sfg"g / gLltn] kof{Kt ;xof]u k'¥ofPsf] 5 <
– k"j–r]tfjgL k|0ffnL;DaGwL sfo{ ug{;Sg] ;a} pko'Qm ;+u7gx?sf]
{
$) xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

48. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
e"ldsf / pQ/bfloTj kl/eflift 5 < ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?nfO{ o;sf]
hfgsf/L 5 <
– k"j–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] af/]df /fli6«o lg0f{o ug{;Sg] Pshgf /fhg}lts
{
g]tf jf ;/sf/L clwsf/L sfg"gL?kd} tf]lsPsf 5g <
– sfof{Gjog ul/Psf gLltx? ljs]lGb|t 5g < :yfgLo lg0f{o k|lqmof /
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf ;zQm 5 <
– ;/sf/sf] cfly{s ;xfotf lbg] ;+oGqn] ;xof]u k'¥ofO/x]sf] 5 <
@= k"j–r]tfjgL k|lqmofsf] lglZrt dfkb08 agfpg] h;n] ubf{ ;a} ;DalGwt
{
lgsfox? -h:t} hn tyf df};dk"jf{gdfg dxfzfvf, af?0foGq cflb_n]
'
k|efjsf/L9+un] k"j–r]tfjgL lbg ;s"g / tYof+s ;+sng, ljZn]if0fdf
{
;lhnf] x'g cfcf]; .
#= lgDg s'/fx? ;dflji6 cg'udg k|0ffnLsf] ljsf; ug]{ M
– ;a} ;DefAo k|sf]kx?sf] kl/ldlt -kf/fld6/_ dfkg ug]{ .
– :yfgLo cj:yf / kl/l:ylt ;'xfp“bf] k|fljlws pks/0fsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
oL pks/0f rnfpg / dd{t ug{ k|lzlIft AolQmsf] Aoj:yf ug]{ .
– k"j–r]tfjgL s]Gb|x? x/;dodf -lbgsf] @$ 306f, xKtfsf] ;ft} lbg_
{
;+rfng x'G5g eGg] ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
$= lgDg ljz]iftfx? ePsf] k|efjsf/L k"jf{gdfg / r]tfjgL k|0ffnL :yfkgf ug]{ M
'
– :jLsfo{ j}1flgs / k|fljlws ljlwdf cfwfl/t tYof+s ljZn]if0f,
k"jf{gdfg / r]tfjgL ;Gb]z .
'
– cGt/f{li6«o dfkb08sf] tYof+s / r]tfjgL ;Gb]z lgdf{0f, k|jfx .
– ;a} ljsNkx?sf] tof/L . h:t} ljB'tLo zlQmsf] ljsNk -h]g/6/, ] ]
OGe6{/_, pks/0fx?n] sfd gubf{sf] cj:yf, sd{rf/LnfO{
cfkTsfnL?kdf af]nfpg] k|0ffnL cflb .
– ;dod} / lglZrt 9f“rfdf /xL r]tfjgL ;Gb]zsf] lgdf{0f / k|jfx .
– k"j–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] ;+rfng k|lqmof, tYof+s u'0f:t/ / r]tfjgL
{
;Gb]zsf] :t/sf] lgoldt cg'udg / d"Nof+sg .
%= ljkbsf k'/fgf cg'ej, ljutsf k"j–r]tfjgLsf l;sfOx?sf] cWoog,
{
ljZn]if0f ug]{ . ;d"x;“u a;]/ Ifdtf / sdhf]/Lx? lgSof}n ug], kl/0ffdx?af/]
{ {
5nkmn ug]{ / ;/sf/sf ;a} txsf nflu ;'emfjx? tof/ ug]{ .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn $!

49. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
^= ax'ksf]kLo k"j–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf] of]hgf agfpg] . o;f] ubf{ k|fyldstfsf
| {
sfo{x? / cfly{s kmfObfsf kIfx?nfO{ ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
&= /fli6«o cfly{s of]hgf / ljsf;sf gLltx?df k"j–r]tfjgL k|0ffnL ;dflxt
{
ug{ cj;/sf] vf]hL ug]{ .
*= Ifdtf–clej[l4 of]hgf / tflnd sfo{qmdx? ljsf; ug]{ . o;sf nflu
kof{Kt ;|ft ljlgof]hg ug]{ / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfsf] ;xeflutfsf] kIfnfO{
]
;dflji6 ug]{ .
(= If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o cfly{s ;|ftsf] vf]hL ug]{ . lghL If]q / ;+rf/dfWodx?;“u
]
;fem]bf/L ug]{ .
!)= d"Nof+sgsf] kl/0ffd / k|:tfljt of]hgfx? k|jfx ug]{ . cfly{s / ;fdflhs
kmfObfx?sf] af/]df ljz]if?kdf k|sfz kfg]{ .
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
k"j–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLsf rf/ tTjx? ;d]6g] If]qsf k|fljlws lj1x? M
{
!= hf]lvd 1fg (Risk Knowledge) M j}1flgs tYof+s ;+sng ug]{ /
hf]lvd 1fg lgwf{/0f ug]{ Ph]G;Lx? .
@= cg'udg / r]tfjgL ;]jf (Monitoring and Warning Service) M hn
tyf df};d k"jf{gdfg dxfzfvf, ef}ule{s ;+:yfx? cflb .
'
#= ;+rf/ / k|jfxLs/0f (Dissemination and Communication) M ;d'bfodf
cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?, ;+rf/k|ljlw ;DaGwL sDkgLx?, ;+rf/dfWodx? .
$= k|ltsfo{ Ifdtf (Response Capability)M gful/s ;'/Iff / dfgj
;xfotf k|bfos Ph]G;Lx?, u};;x? cflb .
cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;+u7g / ;+u7g k|dvsf] ;xof]u .
'
– cfly{s / dfgjLo ;|ft .]
– k"j{–r]tfjgL;DaGwL hgr]tgf hufpg;Sg] cu'jf / h'emf? AolQmx?
(champions) .
– cg'udg, r]tfjgL, k|ltsfo{;DaGwL k|fljlws k[i7e"ld / cg'ej
ePsfx?;“usf] kx"r .
“"
$@ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

50. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
– If]qLo / ljZjAofkL ;|ftx?af/] hfgsf/L / kx"r .
] “"
– k"j{–r]tfjgLsf rf/ tTjx?df ;+nUg /fli6«o, If]qLo / cGt/f{li6«o
;+u7gx?;“usf] ;xof]u / ;xsfo{ -h:t} UNESCO, WMO, Redcross
cflb ._
;kmn pbfx/0f M
ljkbsf] clthf]lvddf /x]sf] a+unfb]zdf a+unfb]z /]8qm];G6 ;f];fO6L /
]
a+unfb]z ;/sf/n] ;+rfng u/]sf] ‘rqmjft k"jtof/L sfo{qmd’ cGtu{t t6Lo
{
If]qx?df k"j–r]tfjgL k|0ffnLnfO{ klg k|fyldstf lbOPsf] 5 . h;cg';f/
{
tf//lxt !$# j6f /]l8of] :6]zgaf6 ;Gb]z k|jflxt x'gu/]sf] 5 . o;afx]s ##
]
xhf/ :jod;jsx?n] d]ufkmf]g / ;fO/gsf] k|of]u u/]/ clthf]lvd If]qdf k"j–
] {
r]tfjgL lbG5g . of] sfo{qmd cGtu{t !! lhNnfsf *) nfv hgtf;dIf k"j– {
r]tfjgL ;Gb]zsf] kx"r k'usf] 5 . a+unfb]znfO{ rqmjftn] jif{sf] rf/dlxgf b'v
“" ]
lbg]u/]sf] 5 . af“sL cjlwdf hgr]tgf, ljBfno lzIff, cEof;sf sfo{qmdx?
x'G5g .
@=$ ljkb hf] l vd hfgsf/L Pjd k" j { r ] t fjgLsf] nflu ;+ r f/ /
;"rgf k|jfx ;+oGqsf] ljsf; ug]{ .
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb hf]lvd hfgsf/L / k"jrtfjgLnfO{ hg;+Vofsf] ;a}
{ ]
lx:;fdf k|efjsf/L9+un] k|jfx ug]{ ;+oGqnfO{ alnof] agfpg] p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
dxTj M
ljkb hf]lvd / k"jrtfjgLsf] k|efjsf/L ;+rf/n] hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ug{
{ ]
/ hLjghLljsfnfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{ ;3fp k'¥ofp“b5 . o:tf hfgsf/Lx? nlIft
;d"xn] ;lhn} a'emg;Sg] x'gkb{5 / ;a}sf] kx“rdf k'Ug;Sg' kb{5 . ljkb hf]lvd
' "
;DaGwL hfgsf/L lbg] jf k"jrtfjgL sfo{n] ;d'bfonfO{ ljkbsf af/]df hfu[t
{ ]
t'Nofp“b5 Pjd hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] nflu lhDd]jf/Ldf klg j[l4 u/fp“b5 .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn $#

51. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
sfo{ ljlw M
!= ;'?df ljBdfg Ifdtf d"Nof+sg ug]{ M
– ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfxdf ;+nUg ljleGg ;+3;+u7g / ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf]
klxrfg ug]{ . ltgLx?nfO{ ljkb hf]lvd ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfx k|lqmofdf
cfdGq0f ug]{ .
– ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfx?sf] gfdfjnL Aojl:yt ug]{ . ltgLx?sf] e"ldsf,
lhDd]jf/L / If]qx? :ki6 ug]{ .
– ;"rgf k|jfxLs/0fdf b]lvPsf] ;dGjosf] cefj jf l/QmtfnfO{ klxrfg
ug]{ .
– ;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L lgsfox?nfO{ ;+nUg u/fP/ hf]lvd hfgsf/L,
k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnLdf ug'kg]{ ;'wf/x?sf] /0fgLlt / sfo{of]hgf tof/
{ ] {
ug]{ . o:tf] of]hgf ;d'bfosf] d"No, rf;f] / ;dfj]zLs/0f k|ltWjlgt
x'gvfnsf] agfpg] .
]
– of]hgfsf] af/]df ljleGg ;+u7g / lj1x?;“u AolQmut jf ;+:yfut
;'emfj dfUg] .
@= ;+rf/ / k"jrtfjgL k|jfxLs/0f k|lqmofnfO{ ;xof]u k'¥ofpg] M
{ ]
– ;/sf/sf] gLlt / sfg"gs} dfWodn] ;"rgf k|jfxLs/0fsf] ;Ghfn
tof/ ug{ kxn ug]{ .
– If]qLo jf cGt/b]zLo k"jrtfjgL s]Gb|x?sf] e"ldsf / lhDd]jf/L
{ ]
kl/eflift ug]{ .
– ljz]iftM u|fdL0f If]qdf k|sf]k;DaGwL hfgsf/L k|fKt ug{;Sg] / k|jfx
ug{;Sg] :jod;js ;d"xx?sf] klxrfg jf lgdf{0f ug]{ .
]
– ;/f]sf/jfnf ;+3;+u7gx?n] agfPsf ;d"xx?;“u ljkb hf]lvd hfgsf/L
k|jfxsf] nflu ;xsfo{ ug]{ .
#= k|efjsf/L k"jrtfjgL ;+rf/ k|0ffnLsf] :yfkgf ug]{
{ ]
– ;d'bfosf] cfjZostf cg';f/ k"jrtfjgL ;+rf/k|0ffnLnfO{ 9fNg] .
{ ]
pbfx/0fsf] nflu /]l8of] jf 6]lnlehgsf] cnfjf ;fO/g, vt/f–
em08f cflbsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
– ;+rf/ k|ljlwsf] kx"r ;Dk"0f{ hg;+Vofdf k'usf] 5 eg]/ ;'lglZrttf
“" ]
ug]{ . h;df df};dL / ljs6 7fp“sf hg;+VofnfO{ klg ;dflji6 ug]{ .
$$ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

52. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
– w]/} lsl;dsf] ;+rf/dfWodx?sf] k|of]u ug]{ . h:t} cfd;+rf/ dfWod,
cgf}krfl/s ;+rf/ cflb .
$= k"j–r]tfjgL ;Gb]zx? nlIft ;d'bfon] ;lhn} a'emg ;Sb5g eg]/ ;'lglZrttf ug]{ .
{
k|efjsf/L k"j{–r]tfjgL ;+rf/ M
k"jrtfjgLsf ;Gb]zx? 5f]6f], ;fwf/0f / :ki6 x'gkb{5 / ;dod} lbOg'kb{5 .
{ ] '
o:tf ;Gb]zx?df dfgjLo, ef}lts Ifltaf6 aRg s] ug]{ < k"jrtfjgLnfO{
{ ]
a]jf:tf ul/Pdf s:tf] b'ikl/0ffd cfOnfUg ;S5 < h:tf ;Gb]zx? pNn]v
ul/g'kb{5 . ;a}eGbf dxTjk"0f{ hfgsf/LnfO{ af/Daf/ bf]xf]¥ofpg'kb{5 .
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;+rf/ / ;"rgf k|jfxsf If]qdf sfd ug]{ Ph]G;L
/ ;+u7gx? .
– ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?, ;"rgf k|ljlw sDkgLx?, ;+rf/dfWod,
k"jrtfjgL lbg] Ph]G;Lx? cflb . ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx?nfO{ ;+rf/
{ ]
/0fgLlt lgdf{0fs} r/0fdf ;+nUg u/fOP hfgsf/Lx? a9L k|efjsf/L
/xG5g / p2]Zok/s 5g eGg] ;'lglZrttf x'G5 .
– k|fljlws hfgsf/L ;xL 5 / nlIft ;d'bfosf nflu ;fGble{s 5 eGg]
;'lglZrttf ug]{ df};d ljefu, ef}ule{s / e"–lj1fg cflb ;DaGwL If]qdf
sfd ug]{ lj1x? .
– :yfgLo ;/sf/x? lsgeg] ltgLx?n] k"jrtfjgL k|jfx / ljkb k|ltsfo{sf]
{ ]
g]tTj u/]sf x'G5g .
[
cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;+rf/;DaGwL lgod sfg"gsf] a'emfO .
– j}1flgs tYof+s Aoj:yfkg, hf]lvd cWoog / k"jrtfjgL sfo{df ;+nUg
{ ]
;/sf/L / u}/;/sf/L ;+:yfx?aLrsf] ;dGjo .
– j}1flgs sfo{ ug]{ / cfkTsfnLg Aoj:yfkgsf] sfo{sf] lhDd]jf/L kfPsf
;/sf/sf] /fli6«o, If]qLo / :yfgLo txaLrsf] ;dGjo .
– ;d'bfo / gful/s ;dfhnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg;Sg] Ifdtf .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn $%

53. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – @
;kmn pbfx/0f M
kk'jf Go"lugL ;'gfdLsf] pRrhf]lvddf /x]sf] /fi6« xf] . af/Daf/ uO/xg]
e"sDk / Hjfnfd'vLn] ;'gfdLsf] vt/fnfO{ emg a9fPsf] 5 . ;g !((* df Toxf“
& /]S6/ :s]nsf] e"sDk uof] / nuQ} cfPsf] ;'gfdLn] @@)) hgfsf] Hofg lnof] .
kk'jf Go"lugLdf Tof] ;'gfdL klxnf] lyPg t/ k'/fgf l;sfO / cg'ejx? gof“
lk+9LnfO{ k|jflxt ul/Pg . pgLx?nfO{ e"sDk nuQ} ;'gfdL cfpg] ;Defjgf a9L
x'G5 eGg] s'/fsf] hfgsf/L lyPg . t;y{ pgLx? ;Defljt ;'gfdLaf6 aRg
prfO“sf] :yfgtkm{ uPgg .
kk'jf Go"lugL ;/sf/sf] cg'/f]wdf hfkfgsf] sf]al:yt ADRC eGg]
]
;+:yfn] ;'gfdL ;DaGwL hfkfgLh cg'ej af“8g Pp6f sfo{qmd ;+rfng u¥of] .
o; cGtu{t lrqx? ePsf kf]i6/, kDkn]6x?sf] lgdf{0f u/L ;d'bfodf Aofks?kdf
ljt/0f ul/of] . ;g @))) df kk'jf Go"lugLdf cl3Nnf] eGbf klg 7"nf] * /]S6/
:s]nsf] e"sDk uof] . xhf/f}+ 3/x? Wj:t eP . Tolta]nf;Dd kk'jf Go"lugLsf
hgtf ;r]t eO;s]sf lyP . kl/0ffdtM Toqf] 7"nf] e"sDkkl5 cfPsf] ;'gfdLsf]
sf/0f Pshgf gful/ssf] klg d[To' x'gkfPg .
k/LIf0f ;"lr (Check-list) M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf @
xfd|f] sfo{qmd÷kl/of]hgf If]qdf k|sf]k;DaGwL r]tgf clej[l4 Pjd
;"rgf cfbfgk|bfgdf slt k|ult eof] <
ljkb hf]lvd lgwf{/0f M s] ;d'bfosf] ljkb hf]lvd lgwf{/0fsf] nflu dlxnf
tyf ;+s6f;Gg ;d"xx?sf] klg ;xeflutfdf ;a} If]qsf k|ltlglwx?sf] e]nf tyf
5nkmn ePsf] 5 <
k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnL M ;Defljt ljkb hf]lvdsf] ;r]tgf hufpg s] xfd|f]
{ ]
;d'bfodf k"jrtfjgL k|0ffnL 5 <
{ ]
$^ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

54. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk # M
;a} txdf ljkb ;'/Iff / pTyfgzLntfsf] lgdf{0f ug{ 1fg,
gjLgtd tl/sf / lzIffsf] k|of]u ug]{ .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk g++ # sf] p2]Zo k|fKt ug{ ;"rgf cfbfgk|bfg ug]{
k|0ffnL / ;]jfsf] ljsf; ug{ cfjZos 5 h;n] ;"rgf;Ddsf] kx"r j[l4 ug{
“"
Pjd ;"rgfnfO{ Aojxfl/s?kdf k|of]u ug{ ;Ifd agfp“b5 . of] k|fyldstfn]
;~hfnx?nfO{ ;zQm agfP/, 5nkmnnfO{ k|j4{g u/]/ j}1flgs ;d'bfo /
ljkbsf If]qdf sfo{/tx?aLr ;xof]u j[l4 u/fpg hf]8 lbPsf] 5 . of] lqmofsnfk
cGtu{t ljBfno kf7oqmddf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;+nUg u/fpg], ;d'bfosf]
nflu tflnd sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug], cfd;+rf/ dfWodsf] cg';Gwfg Ifdtf
{
jf ;+nUgtf j[l4 ug]{ sfo{x? klg kb{5g .
k|fyldstfk|fKt lqmofsnfk g+= # sf nflu ;Defljt sfo{x?nfO{ o;/L juL{s/0f
ug{;lsG5 .
#=! ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;r]tgf km}nfpg] sfo{qmdx?sf] ljsf; ug]{ .
#=@ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lzIff k|0ffnL / cg';Gwfg IF]qdf ;dfj]z ug]{ .
#=# ;fGble{s k|dv If]qx?df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] tflnd sfo{qmd
'
ljsf; ug]{ .
#=$ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;"rgfsf] ;+sng, k|jfx / k|of]unfO{ clej[l4 ug]{ .
k|ult;"rsx? M
– ;a} ;d'bfo / ;a} z}lIfs:t/sf hgtf;Dd kx"r ePsf] gful/s ;r]tgf
“"
/fli6«o /0fgLltsf] lgdf{0f .
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ljBfno kf7oqmdsf] ;a} txdf ;dfj]zLs/0f .
/fli6«ob]lv :yfgLotx;Dd k|lzlIft k|lzIfs .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn $&

55. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
#=! ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] ;r]tgf j[l4 ug]{ sfo{qmdsf] ljsf; .
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb hf]lvdsf] af/]df ;r]tgf cleofgnfO{ ;zQm kfg{
of]hgf agfpg] / tbcg';f/ sfof{Gjog ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 . ;dfhsf] ;a}
txdf hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL cfjZos hfgsf/L k|bfg ug]{ nIo of]
lqmofsnfksf] /x]sf] 5 .
dxTj M
;r]t gful/sn] ljkbsf hf]lvdaf6 cfkm"nfO{ ;'/lIft kfg{;Sb5 . ljkb
hf]lvdsf] a'emfOn] k"jrtfjgL / gLlt sfof{Gjogdf ;d]t k|efjsfl/tf Nofp“b5 .
{ ]
Aojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] nflu ;r]tgf cleofg
;r]tgf clej[l4 sfo{qmd Ps cGtlqm{ofTds k|lqmof xf] hxf“ hfgsf/L / 1fg
k|bfg u/]/ nlIft ;d"xsf] ljrf/, ;f]rfO / Aojxf/nfO{ kl/jt{g ug]{ k|of;
ul/G5 . ;xeflutfd"ns ;r]tgf cleofg a9L k|efjsf/L x'G5 lsgeg] o;f]
|
ubf{ nlIft ;d'bfosf] ljrf/, ;Lldttf / cj;/x?af/] cem} glhsdf a'emg
;lsG5 . Aojxf/ kl/jt{gsf] k|of; ubf{ s]jn ljifoj:t'nfO{ a'emfpg] sfo{ dfq
gu/]/ o;sf] ;DefAotf / sfo{;xhtfdf klg plQs} hf]8 lbOg'kb{5 .
s;/L ug]{ <
!= pko'Qm ljkb ;r]tgf cleofg nfu" ug{ /fi6«nfO{ oL s'/fx?sf] cfjZostf
kb{5 .
– ;r]tgf cleofgsf] nflu lg/Gt/ ;|ftsf] ;'lglZrttf .
]
– s'g ;+rf/dfWodaf6 7"nf] hg;+Vofdf kx"r k'Ug ;Sb5 eGg] lglZrttf .
“"
– km/s lk+9Lx?df lbuf] a'emfO lgdf{0fsf] nflu ljleGg pd]/ ;d"xsf]
;xeflutf .
– ;+rf/, Aofkf/ / dfs]l6ª If]qdf sfo{ ug]{ AolQmx?;“u ;DaGw
{
lj:tf/ .
$* xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

56. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
– k|ltli7t :yfgLo clwsf/L, wfld{s / ;d'bfosf g]tf, dlxnf cu'jf
nufot ljleGg IF]qsf cu'jfx?sf] ;+nUgtf . o;f] ubf{ ;"rgf k|jfxdf
k|efjsfl/tf / ;xeflutfsf] nflu k|fT;fxg ldNb5 .
]
@= ;r]tgf cleofgsf] k|efjsf/L sfof{Gjogsf] nflu lgDg tl/sfaf6 ;xof]u
k'Ug;Sb5 .
– nlIft ;d"xnfO{ cfslif{t ug{;Sg] sfo{qmdsf] 5gf}6 . h:t} M ljBfno
z}lIfs cleofg, d]nf, kj{, wfld{s, ;fdflhs ;df/f]xx? cflb .
– cleefjsnfO{ k|efljt ug]{ p2]Zon] ljBfno pd]/sf ljBfyL{df nlIft
sfo{qmd .
– cfkmgf sd{rf/Lx?df ;r]tgf j[l4sf] nflu lghL tyf jfl0fHo If]qnfO{
k|fT;fxg .
]
– ;d'bfo:t/df sfo{zfnf / z}lIfs lqmofsnfkx? ;+rfng .
#= ;r]tgf sfo{qmdsf] cfwf/e"t l;4fGt M
– :yfgLo cjwf/0ff / cfjZostfsf] :ki6tf;lxtsf] sfo{qmdsf] lgdf{0f
/ sfof{Gjog . :yfgLo cj:yf emlNsg] ;fdu|Lx?sf] k|of]u .
– ;dfhsf ;a} txsf nflu nlIft sfo{qmd . -h:t} M lg0f{ostf{x?,
lzIfsx?, Aoj;foLx?, hf]lvd ;d'bfosf gful/s cflb ._
– ljleGg vfnsf nlIft ;d"xsf nflu leGg lsl;dsf ;Gb]z, ;fdu|Lx? .
– ;kmntfsf] nflu lbuf] k|of;x? . t/ 7"nf] / lgoldt sfo{qmdsf]
lx:;fsf] ?kdf Psb'Oj6f sfo{qmdx? klg k|efjsf/L x'g;S5 . h:t} M
{
cGt/f{li6«o e"sDk lbj;, hnjfo' kl/jt{glj?4sf] cleofg cflb .
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]tx? M
– /fli6«o / :yfgLo txsf ;/sf/L clwsf/Lx? .
– ;+rf/dfWod, ;+rf/sdL{ / gful/s ;"rgf k|jfxsx? .
– lzIfslzlIfsf / lzIf0f;+:yfx? .
– ;d'bfosf g]tfx?, ;fj{hlgs sfo{df ;+nUg dlxnf / :yfgLo ;d"xx? .
– :yfgLo, IF]qLo, /fli6«o / cGt/f{li6«o u};;x? .
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn $(

57. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
cg's"n cj:yf M
– ljkb hf]lvd / nlIft ;d'bfosf] af/]df oyfy{ / kl5Nnf] hfgsf/L .
– ;/sf/L clwsf/L / ;d'bfosf g]tfx?sf] ;xeflutf .
– :yfgLo ;d'bfox?sf] ;dembf/L, :jLsfo{tf / ;xof]u .
– lbuf] sfo{qmdsf] nflu cfly{s / ef}lts ;|ft .
]
;kmn pbfx/0f M
l8;]Da/ @))# df O/fgsf] blIf0f–k"jL{ If]qdf cfdljgfzsf/L e"sDk uof] .
e"sDkdf $# xhf/sf] d[To' ePsf] lyof] eg] ^) xhf/ 3/af/ljxLg aGg'k¥of] .
To;kl5 O/fgL ;/sf/n] a[xb ;r]tgf cleofg ;+rfng ug]{ lg0f{o u¥of] .
o;sf nflu ;a} lsl;dsf ;+rf/dfWod, kf]i6/, xf]l8{ªaf]8{ / c? ;"rgfd"ns
;fdu|Lx? k|of]udf NofOof] . ljleGg pd]/;d"xsf nflu pko'Qm x'gvfnsf /+uLg
]
z}lIfs ;fdu|Lx? lgdf{0f u/]/ e"sDk / e"sDkLo ;'/Iffsf] af/]df hfgsf/L
lbOof] . ;d'bfo / ljBfno:t/df k|bz{gL, ¥ofnLx? cfof]hgf ul/of] . dlxnf
;xeflutfsf] nflu ljz]if hf]8 lbOof] .
e"sDkaf6 gful/s 1fgdf slQsf] kl/jt{g cfof] eg]/ hf“Rg ;r]tgf
cleofgsf cfof]hsx?åf/f k|ult;"rsx? to u/L k|Zgx? ;f]lwof] . ;r]tgf
cleofgkl5 pgLx?df e"sDkaf6 ;r]tgf, rf;f] / k"jtof/Ldf pNn]Vo ;'wf/
{
ePsf] kfOof] .
#=@ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ lzIff k|0ffnL / cg';Gwfg If]qdf
;dfj]z ug]{ .
p2]Zo M
of] lqmofsnfkn] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx?nfO{ ljBfnosf
k|fyldsb]lv ljZjljBfno tx;Dd ;+nUg u/fpg] Pjd ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f
cEof;x?af/] k|fof]lus (applied) / n}lus–;r]t (gender-sensitive)
+
cg';GwfgnfO{ k|j4{g ug]{ p2]Zo /fv]sf] 5 .
%) xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

58. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
dxTj M
ljkb / k|sf]k;DaGwL ;jfnx?nfO{ ljBdfg z}lIfs kf7oqmddf ;dflxt
ugf{n] ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] lg/Gt/ l;sfO / a'emfOnfO{ ;'lglZrttf
k|bfg ub{5 . x'sbf]+ lk+9LnfO{ ljkb hf]lvd ;DaGwL lzIff lbOPdf of] efjL
+{
k':tfx?;Dd klg k|jflxt eO/xG5 . k|fof]lus cg';Gwfg (Applied Research)
ljkb Go"gLs/0f Ifdtf clej[l4 ug]{ Aojxfl/s dfWodsf] ;|ft ePsf]n] o;sf]
]
dxTjk"0f{ of]ubfg /xG5 .
sfo{ ljlw M
s_ z}lIfs k|0ffnLdf ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ ;+nUg u/fpg lgDg sfo{x?
pkof]uL /xG5 M
!= ljBfnosf] k|fyldstxb]lv ljZjljBfnotx;Dd ;d]6gsf] nflu Pp6f
sfo{ bn / ljleGg ;ldltx? u7g ug]{ .
@= ;a} pd]/ ;d"xdf ljkb / ljkb Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL ljBdfg a'emfO
d"Nof+sg ug{ ;j]If0f ug]{ . clxn]sf] kf7oqmddf ljkbsf] ;jfnnfO{
{
s;/L / slt;Dd ;Daf]wg ul/Psf] 5 egL ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
#= k|foM ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL ;fdu|Lx? lj1fg / e"uf]ndf
dfq /flvPsf] 5 . t/ c? ljifox? h:t} Oltxf;, ;fdflhs, jftfj/0f,
:jf:Yo cflbdf klg ;+nUg u/fpg] .
$= ljkbsf ;jfnx?nfO{ kf7oqmdsf] ;fGble{s If]qdf cem pTs[i6 9+un]
;dflji6 ug{ lzIfs lgb]lzsf hf/L ug]{ . o;sf nflu lzIf0f ;fdu|L
{
;+sng / ljZn]if0f ug]{ .
%= ljkb hf]lvd lzIffaf/] ljBfnosf sd{rf/L / lzIfsx?nfO{ tflnd
lbg] .
^= ljkb Aoj:yfkg / hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f;DaGwL l8u|L sfo{qmdsf] ljsf;
ug{ ljZjljBfnox?nfO{ k|fT;flxt ug]{ .
]
&= ljB'tLo k|of]u / b"/lzIffsf] dfWodaf6 ;d]t ljkb hf]lvd lzIff
k|fKt ug{÷u/fpg k|fT;fxg ug]{ .
]
*= ljsf;sf cEof;x?df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fsf] a'emfO / k|of]unfO{
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn %!

59. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
cem} kl/is[t ug{ k|fof]lus (applied) lsl;dsf] j}1flgs, ;fdflhs–
cfly{s / k|fljlws cg';Gwfgx?df hf]8 lbg] .
(= cg';Gwfgstf{, gLltlgdf{tf / k|sf]k cEof;stf{x?df cfjZos
5nkmnsf] nflu cj;/ l;h{gf ug]{ .
v_ ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0f ;DaGwL k|fof]lus cg';Gwfg (applied
research_nfO{ k|j4{g ug{ /fli6«o cg';Gwfg Ph]08fsf] ljsf; ug{;lsG5 .
h;sf] nflu ljifoljåfgx?, ;DalGwt k]zfsdL{x? / lghL If]q ;d]taLr
5nkmn ug{ ;lsG5 .
/fli6«o d+rn] applied research nfO{ ;xhLs/0f ug{ dxTjk"0f{ e"ldsf lgjf{x
ug{;Sb5 . /fli6«o d+rn] ax'ljwfut (mulit-disciplinary) cg';Gwfg Ph]08fsf]
ljsf; ug{ ;S5 . o:t} cg';Gwfgdf cjwf/0ffut sfo{;/rgf (conceptual
+
framework) / ljlwut ;+/rgf÷kxnsbdL lgdf{0fsf] nflu lbzflgb]z ug{;S5 .
{
z}lIfs kf7oqmd ljsf; ubf{ Wofg lbg'kg]{ s'/fx? M
– s] kf7oqmdn] :yfgLo / /fli6«o:t/sf] ljkb / ;+s6f;GgtfnfO{ k|ltWjlgt
u5{ < s] kf7oqmddf /flvPsf ;fdu|Lx? :yfgLo?kdf ;fGble{s 5g <
-h:t} M ljkbsf] ;fdflhs, cfly{s, jftfj/0fLo cfofdx? ;+nUg 5 jf 5}g <_
– s] k|fylds ljBfnosf] kf7oqmdn] 3tnfUbf] u/L hfgsf/L k|jfx u/]sf] 5 <
-h:t} M v]n, lkmN8 cWoog, gf6s cflb ljBfyL{sf ?lrs/ dfWodåf/f ._
– s] aflx/L ;DalGwt lj1 jf jQmfx?nfO{ :yfg lbOPsf] 5 < s] gof“ / k'/fgf
k':tfnfO{ Ps} 7fp“df NofO{ 5nkmn ug]{ cj;/ lbOPsf] 5 <
– s] pRrlzIff k|bfos z}lIfs;+:yfx?df ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0faf/]
cg';Gwfg sfo{qmdx? /flvPsf 5g <
– lzIfs, ljåt ;d'bfo, k]zfsdL{nufot c? ;DalGwt ;+sfo / ljwfsf
AolQm÷;+:yfaLr ;fem]bf/L clej[l4 ug{ s] ljBdfg ;~hfnnfO{ cem
alnof] kfl/g'kb{5 <
– z}lIfs ;d'bfo / lzIfsx?sf] nflu cfjZos cfly{s, ef}lts / dfgjLo
;|ftx? pknAw 5g <
]
%@ xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn

60. cWofo @ M xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf k|fyldstf k|fKt lqmofsnfk – #
– ljkb hf]lvd Go"gLs/0fnfO{ z}lIfs kf7oqmddf ;dflji6 ug{ s] :yfgLo
/ /fli6«o:t/sf gLltlgdf{tfx?nfO{ k|fT;fxg ul/Psf] 5 <
]
pQ/bfloTj / ;|f]t M
– lzIf0f / lzIf0f If]qsf k]zfsdL{x? .
– lzIff dGqfnosf k|ltlglw / pRrlzIffsf gLlt lgdf{tfx? .
– ljkb hf]lvd Aoj:yfkg lj1x? .
– cg';Gwfg ;d'bfosf k|ltlglw / ljåfgx? .
– ljBfyL{ / cleefjs ;+3 ;+u7gx? .
– o'jf / ljBfyL{ .
– lghL / ;fj{hlgs If]qx? .
– u};; / ;d'bfodf cfwfl/t ;+u7gx? .
cg's"n cj:yf M
– ;d'bfosf] ;xof]u / /fhg}lts k|lta4tf .
– cfly{s / dfgjLo ;|ftsf] ljlgof]hg .
]
– ;fGble{s z}Ifl0fs lgsfox?sf] ;+nUgtf / k|lta4tf .
;kmn pbfx/0f M
So'af ljkbsf] b[li6sf]0fn] cfqmfGt d'ns xf] . af9L, rqmjft, t'kmfg k|dv
' '
k|sf]kx? x'g . So'afn] ljljwvfn] ljBfno sfo{qmdx?sf] ;xof]udf ljkb hf]lvd
;DaGwL ;r]tgf clej[l4 ug]{ /0fgLlt agfPsf] 5 . o;sf] nflu cltl/Qm
lqmofsnfk, lzIfs–/lxt lqmofsnfk, ;f+:s[lts tflndx?sf] ;xfotf lnOof] .
ljBfnos]Gb|Lt oL sfo{qmdx?aLr xf]nu'Og k|fGtdf !$ j6f gu/kflnsfsf
gd"gf ljBfnox?df "A Preparonos" -g]kfnLdf– nf} ca tof/ /xf}+ _ gfdsf]
kl/of]hgf ;+rfng ul/of] . o; kl/of]hgfdfkm{t ljBfno / ;d'bfoaLr ;DaGw
lj:tf/ u/L ljkb;DaGwL ;jfnx?af/] cf}krf/s÷cgf}krfl/s sfo{qmdx?
sfof{Gjog ul/of] . :yfgLo jftfj/0f, ljBdfg ;d:of, ;dfwfgsf pkfodf
s]Gb|Lt /xL w]/} k|sf/sf tl/sfx? cjnDag ul/of] . oL ;a} sfo{qmdx?df
;d'bfosf] ;xeflutf /x]klg k|dv e"ldsf eg] ljBfyL{x?n] g} lgjf{x u/]sf lyP .
'
xof]uf] sfo{ ;+/rgf / g]kfn %#