1. D E C O L O N I Z A T I O N
Algeria vs. Kenya

2. Algeria: Before Colonization
 Part of Roman Empire
 300 years under Ottoman Rule
 Berber people  indigenous
people
 Spread of Islam and the coming of
the Arab

3. •North Africa
•Large Arab
population
Algeria

4. Algeria: Colonization
 1830-1962
 1830 – French army
invaded Algeria
Increase trade
Spread French culture and
religion
Exploited agricultural
resources
 “Settler Colony”

5. Algeria: Decolonization
 Influential leader:
 Ahmed Ben Bella  assumed power
 Non – Aligned Movement
 Single Party State(FLN)
Independence:
 Algerian War of Independence (1954–1962)
 Protracted negotiations led to a cease-fire signed by
France and FNL:
 March 8,1962
 Gained its independence July 3,1962

6. Kenya: Before Colonization
 1st century AD
 Arab traders  Arab and Persian colonies established
 Portuguese arrived in 1498
 Islamic control under the Imam of Omam in 1600
 Berlin Conference  1885
 Bristish Government founded:
 East African Protectorate in 1895

7. Kenya
 Borders the Indian
Ocean in East
Africa
 Port City
 Links with Middle
East and Asia

8. Kenya:Colonization
 Under Bristish control
for sixty-eight year
 Bristish colony in 1920-
1963
 Production of tea and
coffe
Built homes and large
plantations
 “Settler Colony”

9. Kenya:Decolonization
 Influential leader
 Jomo Kyenatta
 Mau Mau resistance against British colonial power
 Lasted for 7 years
 Assassinated government supporters
 British government detained more than a 100,000
Kikuyu
 British was successful in ending the conflict
 Negotiated independence
 Ensuring a close relationship
 Political settlement
 Gained its independence December 12,1963

10. Similarities: violent resistance
 Kenya
 Mau Mau Resistance (1952-1960)
 against Bristish power
 11,000 Africans dead
 Cause a split between European
Colonias in Kenya
 Algeria
 Resistance Movements:
 FLN (National Liberation Front)
 Battle of Algeriers
 Terrorist tactics
 ALN (National Liberation Army)
 Guerrilla warfare

11. Battle of Algiers

12. World System’s Theory

13. Algeria vs. Kenya: World System’s Theory
 Both semi-periphery
 Sub-imperial
 Kenya
 Capitalist regimes in Africa
 Dependent development to integrate into the world economy
 Algeria dependent development on Britain

14. Springhall
 Metropolitan
 Nationalist
 Internationalist
 Explanations for
decolonization in Africa

15. Algeria Kenya
Nationalist Decolonization in Algeria was a
result of nationalist Resistance
Movements:
-FLN
-ALN
Decolonization was achieved
through Mau Mau revolt, in
which was accomplished by
Kenyans population  National
movements.
Metropolitan World War I
- Forced colonizers to fight
World War II
-Government moved to Algeria
WWI
-Kenya was military base for
Britain
-British negotiated with Jomo
Kenyatta to make Kenya one of
the most stable countries, also
establishing close relationship.
Internationalist Cold War 
USA did not support French
power over Algeria, was focusing
in USSR spread of Communism
Due to the context of the Cold
War made difficult for British
maintain its colonies since the
main objective was to avoid the
spread of communism, and not
preserve an empires.

16. Algeria Kenya
Gayatri Spivak: “The subaltern has
no voice”.
PROVED WORG
The subaltern has voice
Nationalist movements successful
Non-Aligned
PROVED WRONG
The subaltern has voice
Rise above British colonizers
Benedict Anderson: “Imagined
communities” – Nationalism based
on language
PROVED WRONG
Based on religion
FNL in Algeria
Battle of Algiers (1956-1957) -
PROVED WRONG
Based on ethic lines/ tribes
- Kiyuku
Fanon: “Nationalism is a paradoxical
to liberation”.
Supported Algerian violence
-FNL
Mau Mau Revolt – Kiyuku
population started
-British government was successful
in the conflict
Elie Kedourie:“Nationalism was
essentially a European phenomenon,
carried around the world by colonial
circumstances
PROVED RIGHT
Nationalism was propagate in
Algeria due to French influences
PROVED RIGHT
Nationalism was a result of western
influences in Kenya
- British
A.G Hopkins: “Decolonization must
be understood broadly as a process
of globalization”.
PROVED RIGHT
The conjecture of events of
WWI,WWII, Cold War, and the
creation of UN – led to parallel
national movements in Algeria that
led to decolonization.
PROVED RIGHT
The conjecture of events of
WWI,WWII, Cold War, and the
creation of UN – led to parallel
national movements in Kenya that
led to decolonization.

17. Post Colonialism: Algeria and Kenya
 Algeria
 Boumédienne assumed power
 Authoritarian government
 Non-Aligned
 Kenya
 Jomo Kenyatta → Prime Minister
 Totalitarian leader