It is a ppt based on colonial system and anti colonial movement in india

1. •
COLONIALSYSTEM
AND
THEANTI-COLONIOL
MOVEMENT

2. What is Colonism?
Colonialism is a practice or policy of control
by one people or power over other people or
areas,often by establishing colonies and
generally with the aim of economic
dominance.In the process of colonisation,
colonisers may impose their religion,
language, economics, and other cultural
practices on indigenous peoples.
The basic feature of colonialism is
exploitation of underdeveloped countries by
the rich nations.

3. TYPES OF COLONIALISM
• TYPES OF COLONIALISM
SETTLER
COLONIALISM
EXPLOTATION
COLONIALISM
It is a form of
colonialism that
seeks to replace the
original population of
the colonized
territory with a new
society of settlers.
It is the national
economic policy of
conquering a
country to exploit
its population as
labour and its
natural resources
as raw material.
It involves a
settlement project
supported by a
colonial power, in
which most of the
settlers do not
come from a same
ethnic group as the
ruling power.
SURROGATE
COLONIAL ISM
INTERNAL
COLONIALIS
M
It is a notion of
uneven
structural
power between
areas of a
state. The
source of
exploitation
comes from
within the state.

4. ➢ Activity that could be called colonialism has a long history, starting at least as early as the Ancient Egyptians.
Phoenicians, Greeks and Romans founded colonies in antiquity.
➢ Phoenicia had an enterprising maritime trading-culture that spread across themaritime trading-culture that
spread across the Mediterranean from 1550 BC to 300 BC; later the Persian empire and various Greek
city-states continued on this line of setting up colonies.
➢ The Romans soon follow, setting up coloniae throughout the Mediterranean, in Northern Africa, and in Western
Asia.
➢ Beginning in the 7th century, Arabs colonized a substantial portion of the Middle East, Northern Africa, and
parts of Asia and Europe.
➢ From the 9th century Vikings (Norsemen) established colonies in Britain, Ireland, Iceland, Greenland, North
America, present-day Russia and Ukraine, France (Normandy) and Sicily.
HISTORY OF THE COLONIAL SYSTEM
IN THE WORLD 🌎

5. COLONIAL SYSTEM IN THE
MODERN WORLD 🌎
The three main countries of Europwere -Portugal, Spain and the early Ottoman Empire started
to colonise the world with the beginning of fifteenth century.
The Portuguese started the long age of European colonisation
with the conquest of Ceuta, Morocco in 1415, and the
conquest and discovery of other African territories and
islands, this would also start the movement known as th Age
of Discoveries.

6. The Ottomans conquered South Eastern Europe, the Middle East and
much of Northern and Eastern Africa between 1359 and 1653 - with
the latter territories subjected to colonial occupation, rather than
traditional territorial conquest. The Spanish and Portuguese launched the
colonisation of the Americas, basing their territorial claims on the Treaty
of Tordesillas of 1494. This treaty demarcated the respective spheres of
influence of Spain and Portugal.
The expansion achieved by Spain and Portugal caught the attention of
Britain, France and the Netherlands. The entrance of these three powers
into the Caribbean and North America perpetuated European colonialism
in these regions.The second wave of European colonialism commenced
with Britain's involvement in Asia in support of the British East India
Company; other countries such as France, Portugal and the Netherlands
also had involvement in European expansion in Asia.
The third wave ("New Imperialism") consisted of the Scramble for
Africa regulated by the terms of the Berlin Conference of 1884–1885.
The conference effectively divided Africa among the European powers.
Vast regions of Africa came under the sway of Britain, France,
Germany, Portugal, Belgium, Italy and Spain.

7. HOW EUROPE
COLONISED
AMERICA ?
➢ The Portuguese and Spanish conquest and colonisation
of America was decisively under way by the mid-sixteenth
century.
➢ Europeon conquest was not a result of firepower but it
was the germs such as Smallpox , that they carried on their
person to America.
➢ Moreover,before europeon rulers discovered America ,
it had been living in isolation for a long time due to which
they had no immunity to fight against disease .
➢ As a result, smallpox proved to be deadly killer for
Americans and killed while communities, paving the way
fir Europe ons

8. COLONISATION IN AFRICA
• In the late nineteenth century, Europeons were
attracted to Africa due to its vast resources of land and
minerals.
• Europeons came to Africa hoping ti establish
plantations and minerals to produce crops and minerals
for export to Europe but tere was a problem- A shortage of
labour willing to work for wages.
• Then , Europeons use many methods:
• Heavy taxes were imposed which could be paid only by working for
wages in plantations.
• INH ERITANCE law was imposed due to which only one member of
the family was allowed to inherit land , as a result of which the others were
pushed inti labour market.
•

9. RINDERPEST AND CATTTLE PLAGUE
➢Apart from the harsh laws imposed by
Europeos, Rinderprest (a cattle disease) was
arrived in Africa in 1880s.
➢It was carried by infected cattle imported
from British Asia to feed Italian soldiers
invading Eriteria in East Africa.
➢This disease, soon spread in whole Africa
due to which a loss of cattle destroyed
occurred.
➢The Colonial government now
successfully monopolised to strengthen
their power and to force Africans inti labour
market.

10. COLONISATION IN INDIA
❖ Britishers colonised the India but it was not a sudden process . It took
about hundreds of years from the beginning of the British entry in India.in
the mid 18 century.
❖ In 1526 , Babur the first Mughal emperors invaded North India.At this
time India had already been under the control of Muslim rulers from Turkey
over 300 years.
❖ Babar began a dynasty by the which was a large area that attracted the
traders from both Europe and England.
❖ The East Indi Company of England was given a Charter by queen
Elizabeth in 1600 fir exclusive trading right s with India.
❖ It was this trading company which gradually directed contol over India and
thus, there was a shift taken place from Trade domination to actual political
domination.

11. ANTI- COLONIAL MOVEMENT AGAINT BRITISH
IN INDIA
The Revolt Of 1857
• It was the first expression of organised
resistance against the British East India Company.
• This revolt is known by many names: The Sepoy
Mutiny, The Indian Mutiny, The Revolt of 1857,The
great rebillion etc....

12. Causes of the Revolt
➢The political cause of the Revolt was the British policy
of expansion through the "Doctrine of Lapse" and direct
annexation .
➢A large number of Indian rulers and chiefs were
dislodged, thus arousing fear in the minds of other ruling
families who apprehended a similar fate.
➢ The annexation of Awadh by Lord Dalhousie on the
pretext of maladministration left thousands of nobles,
officials, retainers and soldiers jobless. This measure
converted Awadh, a loyal state, into a hotbed of
discontent and intrigue
Political Cause

13. Social and Religious
Causes
○ The rapidly spreading Western Civilisation in India was
alarming concerns all over the country.
○ An act in 1850 changed the Hindu law of inheritance
enabling a Hindu who had converted into Christianity to
inherit his ancestral properties.
○ The abolition of the practices like sati and female
infanticide, and the legalizing widow remarriage, were
believed as threats to the established social structure.
○ Introducing western methods of education was directly
challenging the orthodoxy for Hindus as well as Muslims
○ Even the introduction of the railways and telegraph was
viewed with suspicion.

14. Military Cause
✓ The Revolt of 1857 began as a sepoy mutiny:
✓ Indian sepoys formed more than 87% of the British troops in India but were considered inferior to
British soldiers.
✓ An Indian sepoy was paid less than
✓ European sepoy of the same rank.
✓ They were required to serve in areas far away from their homes.
✓ In 1856 Lord Canning issued the General Services Enlistment Act which required that the sepoys
must be ready to serve even in British land across the sea.
Other Causes
✓ The Revolt of 1857 eventually broke out over the incident of greased cartridges.
✓ A rumour spread that the cartridges of the new enfield rifles were greased with the fat of cows and pigs.
✓ Before loading these rifles the sepoys had to bite off the paper on the cartridges.
✓ Both Hindu and Muslim sepoys refused to use them.

15. Suppression And The Revolt

16. Gandhi's first
satyagraha
• In 1919 there was a terrible massacre in which
Britishers opened fire on unarmed group of people who were
assembling peacefully.
• In 1920, Gandhi ji launched his first nationwide
Satyagraha to o make the British rule non - functional
through a complete non-violent boycott.
• Many people were put into jail .
• At last , due to excessive violence Gandhi ji called off
the movement.

17. The 1930 Salt
March
• According to law , British had a monopoly on the manufacture
and sale of salt.
• Mahtma Gandhi ji found ""SALT" a powerful weapon that
cound unite Indians . Therefore, he sent a letter as an ultimatum to
Lord Irwin in which he put forward 11 demands(and the one of
them was to abolish tax from salt) which, if we're not fulfilled
then he would launch a CIV I L DISOBEDI ENCE
MOV EM EN T.
• But Lord Irwin negotiate the demands and as a result Gandhi
ji started SALT MARCH ON 12 MARCH 1930.
• Gandhi ji along with his volunteers walked 240 miles for 24
days toward Dandi village.
• At last on 6 April 1930 , he reached Dandi and broke salt
law by making salt.

18. QUIT INDIA MOVEMENT
➢ 25Mumbai's Gowalia also known as August Kranti Maidan is the place where
Gandhi ji delivered his speech marking the beginning of QUIT IN DIA MOV EM EN T.
Mahatma along with other leaders gathered here on August 8 and 9, 1942.
➢ In his speech, he called the nation to "Do or die" but within hours of speech the
leaders of Indian National Congress like Abdul Kalam Azad, Jawaharlal Nehru ,
Sardar Vallabhai Patel , Mahatma Gandhi.. After the arrest of major leaders, young
Aruna Asaf Ali presided over the AICC session.Despite several police warnings and
government notices for banning public processions and assemblies, a large crowd
gathered at Mumbai’s Gowalia Tank Maidan where Aruna Asaf Ali hoisted the
flagwere arrested.
➢ At last, Britishers refused to grant immediate independence and stated that it could
only be granted after the war ended. Finally, India got independence in 1947.

19. Prepared by: Drishti Jain

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